Thinking, Fast and Slow

Index

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adaptation level
Add-1 task
adjustment; insufficient
affect heuristic; availability and
affective forecasting
airplane crashes
Ajzen, Icek
Alar scare
algorithms; Apgar scores; hostility to; multiple regression
Allais, Maurice
al-Qaeda
ambiguity, suppression of
American Economic Review
amygdala
anchoring index
anchors, anchoring; as adjustment; associative coherence in;
associative memory and; measurement of; as priming effect;
random, power of; in System 1 and System 2; uses and abuses
of
anesthesiologists
angry faces
anomalies
anterior cingulate
Apgar, Virginia
Apgar scores
aphorisms
Ariely, Dan
Arrow, Kenneth
art experts

artifacts, in research
Asch, Solomon
Ashenfelter, Orley
Asian disease problem
assessments, basic
associations; activated ideas in; causality and; priming and
associative coherence; in anchoring; halo effect and; plausibility
and, associative coherence (cont.); WYSIATI (what you see is all
there is) and
associative memory; abnormal events and; anchoring and;
causality and; confirmation bias and; creativity and; and
estimates of causes of death
Åstebro, Thomas
Atlantic, The
attention; in self-control
paneight="0%" width="-5%">
Attention and Effort (Kahneman)
Auerbach, Red
authoritarian ideas
availability; affect and; and awareness of one’s biases;
expectations about; media and; psychology of; risk assessment
and, see risk assessment
availability cascades
availability entrepreneurs

bad and good, distinctions between
banks
bank teller problem
Barber, Brad
Bargh, John
baseball
baseball cards
baseline predictions
base rates; in cab driver problem; causal; in helping experiment;
low; statistical; in Tom W problem; in Yale exam problem
basic assessments
basketball
basketball tickets
bat-and-ball problem
Baumeister, Roy

Bayes, Thomas
Bayesian statistics
Bazerman, Max
Beane, Billy
Beatty, Jackson
Becker, Gary
“Becoming Famous Overnight” (Jacoby)
behavioral economics
Behavioral Insight Team
“Belief in the Law of Small Numbers” (Tversky and Kahneman)
beliefs: bias for; past, reconstruction of
Benartzi, Shlomo
Bentham, Jeremy
Berlin, Isaiah
Bernoulli, Daniel
Bernouilli, Nicholas
Beyth, Ruth
bicycle messengers

Black Swan, The (Taleb)
blame
Blink (Gladwell)
Borg, Björn
Borgida, Eugene
“Boys Will Be Boys” (Barber and Odean)
Bradlee, Ben
brain; amygdala in; anterior cingulate in; buying and
selling and; emotional framing and; frontal area of;
pleasure and; prefrontal area of; punishment and; sugar
in; threats and; and variations of probabilities
British Toxicology Society
broad framing
Brockman, John
broken-leg rule
budget forecasts
Built to Last (Collins and Porras)
Bush, George W.
business and leadership practices; at Google
business pundits

Cabanac, Michel

cab driver problem
cabdrivers, New York City
Californians
Camerer, Colin
cancer; surgery vs. radiation for
Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale
Carroll, Lewis
cars and driving; brakes in; driving tests; fuel economy
and; pleasure from
cash box
categories
causal base rates
causal interpretations; correlation and; regression
effects and
causal situations
causal stereotypes
causes, and statistics
CEOs; optimistic
certainty effect
CFOs
Chabris, Christopher

chance and randomness; misconceptions of
changing one’s mind
Checklist Manifesto, A (Gawande)
chess
children: caring for; depressed; time spent with
China
Choice and Consequence (Schelling)
choice architecture
choices: from description; from experience; see
also decisions, decision making; risk assessment
“Choices, Values, and Frames” (Kahneman and
Tversky)
CIA
Clark, Andrew
climate
Clinical vs. Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical
Analysis and a Reviewof the Evidence (Meehl)
Clinton, Bill
Coelho, Marta
coffee mug experiments

cognitive busyness
cognitive ease; in basic assessments; and illusions
of remembering; and illusions of truth; mood and;
and writing persuasive messages; WYSIATI (what
you see is all there is) and
cognitive illusions; confusing experiences with
memories; of pundits; of remembering; of skill; of
stock-picking skill; of truth; of understanding; of
validity
Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)
cognitive strain
Cohen, David
coherence; see also associative coherence
Cohn, Beruria
coincidence
coin-on-the-machine experiment
cold-hand experiment
Collins, Jim
colonoscopies
colostomy patients
competence, judging of
competition neglect
complex vs. simple language
concentration
cogndiv height="0%">
“Conditions for Intuitive Expertise: A Failure to Disagree”
(Kahneman and Klein)
confidence; bias of, over doubt; overconfidence; WYSIATI (what
you see is all there is) and
confirmation bias
conjunction fallacy
conjunctive events, evaluation of
“Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of
Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly”
(Oppenheimer)
contiguity in time and place
control
cookie experiment
correlation; causation and; illusory; regression and; shared
factors and
correlation coefficient
cost-benefit correlation

costs
creativity; associative memory and
credibility
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly
curriculum team

Damasio, Antonio
dating question
Dawes, Robyn
Day Reconstruction Method (DRM)
death: causes of; life stories and; organ donation and; reminders
of
Deaton, Angus
decisions, decision making; broad framing in; and choice from
description; and choice from experience; emotions and vividness
in; expectation principle in; in gambles, see gambles; global
impressions and; hindsight bias and; narrow framing in;
optimistic bias in; planning fallacy and; poverty and; premortem
and; reference points in; regret and; risk and, see risk
assessment
decision utility
decision weights; overweighting; unlikely events and; in utility
theory vs. prospect theory; vivid outcomes and; vivid probabilities
and
decorrelated errors
default options
denominator neglect
depression
Detroit/Michigan problem
Diener, Ed

die roll problem
dinnerware problem
disclosures
disease threats
disgust
disjunctive events, evaluation of
disposition effect
DNA evidence
dolphins
Dosi, Giovanni

doubt; bias of confidence over; premortem and;
suppression of
Duke University
Duluth, Minn., bridge in
duration neglect
duration weighting

earthquakes
eating
eBay
Econometrica
economics; behavioral; Chicago school of;
neuroeconomics; preference reversals and; rational-
agent model in
economic transactions, fairness in
Econs and Humans
Edge
Edgeworth, Francis
education
effectiveness of search sets
effort; least, law of; in self-control
ego depletion
electricity
electric shocks
emotional coherence, see halo effect emotional learning
emotions and mood: activities and; affect heuristic;
availability biases and; in basic assessments; cognitive
ease and; in decision making; in framing; mood
heuristic for happiness; negative, measuring; and
outcomes produced by action vs. inaction; paraplegics
and; perception of; substitution of question on; in vivid
outcomes; in vivid probabilities; weather and; work and
employers, fairness rules and
endangered species
endowment effect; and thinking like a trader
energy, mental
engagement
Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, An
(Hume)
entrepreneurs; competition neglect by

Epley, Nick
Epstein, Seymour
equal-weighting schemes
Erev, Ido
evaluability hypothesis
evaluations: joint; joint vs. single; single
evidence: one-sided; of witnesses
executive control
expectation principle
expectations
expected utility theory, see utility theory
experienced utility
experience sampling
experiencing self; well-being of; see also well-being
expert intuition; evaluating; illusions of validity of;
overconfidence and; as recognition; risk assessment
and; vs. statistical predictions; trust in
expertise, see skill
Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can
We Know? (Tetlock)
Exxon Valdez oil spill
eyes, pupil dilation in

face reading
fairness
fallacies; conjunction; narrative; planning; sunk-cost
familiarity
Far Side, The (Larson)
fast and frugal heuristic
fast thinking
fatigue
fear
Fechner, Gustav
feedback
Feller, William
financial crisis of 2008
fi
nancial advisers and forecasters
firefighters
first impressions

Fischhoff, Baruch
flight instructors
flood monitor
Florida effect
flow
flowers syllogism
Flyvbjerg, Bent
focus
focusing illusion
fonts
forecasts, see predictions and forecasts
football game
Ford Motor Company
formulas; algorithms; Apgar scores; hostility to; for
interviews; multiple regression
formulation effects
Fortune
fourfold pattern; in legal cases
Fox, Craig
Fox, Seymour
frames, framing; in Asian disease problem; in child
exemption problem; in disclosures; emotional; fuel
economy and; good; in KEEP-LOSE study; organ
donation and; regulations on; in survival-mortality
experiment; in ticket problem
Frederick, Shane
Freedman, David
freedom
Free to Choose (Friedman)
frequency representation
Frey, Bruno
Friedman, Milton
frowning; availability heuristic and; representativeness
and

gains
Galinsky, Adam
Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index
Galton, Francis
gambles; bundling of; certainty effect and; emotional

framing in; loss aversion in; lottery; mixed; and
outcomes produced by action vs. inaction; possibility
effect and; psychological value of; regret and; simple;
St. Petersburg paradox and; vs. sure things; utility
ongsv> see also risk assessment
Gates Foundation
Gawande, Atul
Georgellis, Yannis
German Socio-Economic Panel
gestures
Gibbs, Lois
Gigerenzer, Gerd
Gilbert, Daniel
Gilovich, Tom
Gladwell, Malcolm
global warming
glucose
goals
golf
good and bad, distinctions between
Google
gorilla experiment
gossip
Gottman, John
Gould, Stephen Jay
grades and grade point averages (GPAs)
grading students’ essays
Grether, David
group, joining
Guthrie, Chris

Haidt, Jonathan
halo effect
Halo Effect, The (Rosenzweig)
happiness; of Californians; dating question and; income
and; life stories and; marriage and; mood heuristic for;
see also well-being happy faces
happy words
Harding, Warren G.
Harvard Medical School

Harvard University
health: disease threats and; well-being and; risks and;
see also medicine
health survey problem
health violation penalties
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
“Hedgehog and the Fox, The” (Berlin)
hedonimeter
Heider, Fritz
helping experiment
Hertwig, Ralph
Hess, Eckhard
heuristic, definition of
high school curriculum team
hindsight: bias in; regret and
historical events
hitchhiker question
Hitler, Adolf
Hogarth, Robin
honesty box
“How Mental Systems Believe” (Gilbert)
Howto Solve It (Pólya)
Hsee, Christopher
hubris hypothesis
Humans and Econs
Hume, David
hunger
hypotheses, testing

ideomotor effect
illusions: cognitive, see cognitive illusions; Müller-Lyer; 3-D
imaginability, immediate gratification
incongruity
independent judgments
indifference map
inheritances
injection puzzle
In Search of Excellence (Peters and Waterman)
inside view
insurance

intelligence; in marriage; pretentious language and
intensity matching
intention
interviews; in Israeli Defense Forces
Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
(Bentham)
intuition: acquisiitiodution of; common use of word; of experts,
see expert intuition; predictive, see predictions and forecasts; as
recognition; Simon’s definition of
Inventor’s Assistance Program
investments: stock portfolios; sunk-cost fallacy and
Invisible Gorilla, The (Chabris and Simons)
irrationality
Israel, bombings in
Israeli Defense Forces: flight instructors in; interviews in;
leaderless group challenge in
Israeli Ministry of Education

“Jabberwocky” (Carroll)
Jacoby, Larry
Jencks, Christopher
joint evaluations; single evaluations vs.
judgment heuristics
Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (Bazerman)
judgments; basic assessments in; of experts, see expert intuition;
intensity matching in; mental shotgun in; predictive, see
predictions and forecasts; sets and prototypes in; summary, of
complex information; see also decisions, decision making
“Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” (Tversky
and Kahneman)
Julie problem
jumping to conclusions; bias for belief and confirmation in; halo
effect in, see halo effect; suppression of ambiguity and doubt in;
WYSIATI in, see what you see is all there is

Kaye, Danny
keeping score; mental accounts and; regret and; responsibility
and
KEEP-LOSE study

kidney cancer
Killing Ground, The
kitchen renovations
Klein, Gary
Knetsch, Jack
know, use of word
knowledge; reconstruction of past states of
kouros
Krueger, Alan

Kunreuther, Howard
Kuran, Timur

labor negotiations
Lady Macbeth effect
language, complex vs. simple
Larrick, Richard
Larson, Gary
law, see legal cases law of large numbers
law of small numbers; and bias of confidence over doubt
laziness of System 2
Layard, Richard
leaderless group challenge
leadership and business practices; at Google
LeBoeuf, Robyn
legal cases: civil, damages in; DNA evidence in; fourfold pattern
and; frivolous; loss aversion in; malpractice; outcome bias in
leisure time
less-is-more pattern
Lewis, Michael
libertarian policies
Lichtenstein, Sarah
life: evaluation of; stories in; satisfaction in; thinking about
Linda problem
List, John
loans
logarithmic functions
loss aversion; in animals; enhanced; goals as reference points in;
in legal decisions; status quo and
loss aversion ratio

losses
lotteries
Lovallo, Dan
Love Canal
luck
lying

Malkiel, Burton
Malmendier, Ulrike
malpractice litigation
Mao Zedong
march of historyuote>

Markowitz, Harry
marriage; life satisfaction and
Mathematical Psychology (Dawes, Tversky, and
Coombs)
matter, relation of mind to
McFarland, Cathy
media, availability heuristic and
medical school admissions
medical survey problem
medicine; expertise in; malpractice litigation;
overconfidence in; physicians; unique cases in; unusual
treatments in
Mednick, Sarnoff
Meehl, Paul
meetings
memory, memories; associative, see associative
memory; availability heuristic and, see availability;
duration neglect in; experienced utility and; illusions of;
and the remembering self; of vacations
mental accounts
mental effort, see effort mental energy
mental shotgun
mere exposure effect
messages, persuasive
metaphors
Michigan/Detroit problem
Michigan State University
Michotte, Albert

Miller, Dale
mind, relation of matter to
Mischel, Walter
miswanting
MIT
money and wealth: cultural differences in attitudes
toward; happiness and; income vs. leisure; mental
accounts and; poverty; priming and; utility of
Moneyball (Lewis)
mood, see emotions and mood Morgenstern, Oskar
Moses illusion
motivation
movies
“MPG Illusion, The” (Larrick and Soll)
mug experiments

Mullainathan, Sendhil
Müller-Lyer illusion
multiple regression
Mussweiler, Thomas
mutual funds

names: complicated; of famous people
narrative fallacy
narrow framing; disposition effect
Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM)
negativity dominance
negotiations
neuroeconomics
NewYork Times, The
New York University
9/11
Nisbett, Richard
Nixon, Richard
Nobel Prize
norms
norm theory
novelty
Nudge (Thaler and Sunstein)
nutrition

Oakland A’s
Obama, Barack
obesity
Odean, Terry
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
one-sided evidence
Oppenheimer, Danny
optimal experience
optimism; in CEOs; resilience and
optimistic bias; competition neglect; in entrepreneurs;
overconfidence; planning fallacy; premortem and; risk
taking and
Oregon Research Institute
organ donation
organizations
outcome bias
outside view

ou>
pain; chronic; cold-hand experiment and; colonoscopies
and; duration neglect and; injection puzzle and; memory
of; operation experiment and; peak-end rule and; in rats

paraplegics
parole
past: and confusing experiences with memories; hindsight bias
and; regret and
pastness
pattern seeking
Pavlov, Ivan
peak-end rule
persuasive messages
physicians; malpractice litigation and
piano playing and weight, measuring
plane crashes
planning fallacy; mitigating
plausibility
pleasure; in rats
Plott, Charles

poignancy
political experts
political preference
Pólya, George
Pope, Devin
Porras, Jerry I.
positive test strategy
possibility effect: gambles and; threats and
post-traumatic stress
poverty
precautionary principle
predictability, insensitivity to
predictions and forecasts; baseline; clinical vs. statistical;
disciplining; of experts, see expert intuition; extreme, value of;
formulas for, see formulas; increasing accuracy in; low-validity
environments and; nonregressive; objections to moderating;
optimistic bias in; outside view in; overconfidence in; planning
fallacy and; short-term trends and; valid, illusion of; see also
probability
preference reversals; unjust
premonition, use of word
premortem
pretentiousness language
pricing policies
priming; anchoring as
t="-5%">
Princeton University
probability; base rates in, see base rates; decision weights and,
see decision weights; definitions of; and disciplining intuition;
less-is-more pattern and; Linda problem and; overestimation of;
plausibility and; and predicting by representativeness; prior,
insensitivity to; professional stereotypes and; of rare events, see
rare events; representativeness and, see representativeness;
similarity and; subjective; as sum-like variable; see also
predictions and forecasts
probability neglect
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
professional stereotypes
professorial candidates
prospect theory; in Albert and Ben problem; blind spots of;
cumulative; decision weights and probabilities in; fourfold pattern

in; frames and; graph of losses and gains in; loss aversion in;
reference points in
“Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk”
(Kahneman and Tversky)
prototypes
psychiatric patients
psychological immune system
psychology, teaching
psychopathic charm
psychophysics
psychotherapists
pundits; see also expert intuition punishments: altruistic; rewards
and; self-administered
pupil dilation

questionnaire and gift experiments
questions; substitution of, see substitution

Rabin, Matthew
radiologists
rafters, skilled
rail projects
randomness and chance; misconceptions of Random Walk
Down Wall Street, A (Malkiel)
rare events; overestimation of; regret and
rational-agent model
rationality
Rationality and the Reflective Mind (Stanovich)
">rats
Reagan, Ronald
reciprocal priming
recognition
recognition-primed decision (RPD) model
Redelmeier, Don
reference class forecasting
regression to the mean; causal interpretations and; correlation
and; difficulty in grasping; two-systems view of
“Regression towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature” (Galton)
regret

religion
remembering self
Remote Association Test (RAT)
reorganizations in companies
repetition
representativeness; base rates and; see also base rates; in
Linda problem; predicting by; professional stereotypes and; sins
of; in Tom W problem
research: artifacts in; hypothesis testing in; optimism in
resemblance; in predictions
resilience
responsibility
retrievability of instances
reversals; unjust
rewards; self-administered
Rice, Condoleezza
risk assessment; aggregation and; broad framing in; decision
weights in, see decision weights; denominator neglect and; by
experts; and format of risk expression; fourfold pattern in; for
health risks; hindsight bias and; laws and regulations governing;
loss aversion in; narrow framing in; optimistic bias and; policies
for; possibility effect and; precautionary principle and; probability
neglect and; public policies and; small risks and; of technologies;
terrorism and; see also gambles
risk aversion
risk seeking
“Robust Beauty of Improper Linear Models in Decision Making,
The” (Dawes)
Rosett, Richard
Rosenzweig, Philip
Royal Dutch Shell
Royal Institution
Rozin, Paul
< Philip

Rumsfeld, Donald
Russell Sage Foundation
Russia

Saddam Hussein
sadness

<="0> safety; health risks and; health violation penalties and;
precautionary principle and
samples, sampling: accidents of; and bias of confidence over
doubt; law of large numbers; law of small numbers; size of; small,
exaggerated faith in
Samuelson, Paul
San Francisco Exploratorium
Savage, Jimmie
Save More Tomorrow
Schelling, Thomas
Schkade, David
school size
Schwarz, Norbert
Schweitzer, Maurice
Science
Scientific American
scientific controversies
scientific research: artifacts in; hypothesis testing in; optimism in
Scottish Parliament
self-control
self-criticism
Seligman, Martin
selves; experiencing; remembering
sets
Shafir, Eldar
similarity judgments
Simmel, Mary-Ann
Simon, Herbert
Simons, Daniel
Simpson, O. J.
single evaluations; joint evaluations vs.
ski jump event
skills; acquisition of; environment of; feedback and practice in;
illusions of; in stock-picking
Slovic, Paul
Slovic, Roz
slow thinking

smiles, in face reading
smiling; availability heuristic and
Smith, Vernon

socializing
social science
Soll, Jack
somatic marker hypothesis
soul
Sources of Power (Klein)
Soviet Union
Spinoza, Baruch
Sports Illustrated
Stalin, Joseph
Standard & Poor’s (S&P)
Stanford University
Stanovich, Keith
statistics and statistical thinking; and accidents of sampling; base
rates and, see base rates; Bayesian; and bias of confidence over
doubt; causes and; chance in; deciding on size of sample;
extreme outcomes and; faith in small samples; law of large
numbers; law of small numbers; sample size decisions and; see
also probability
status quo, defending
Steiger, James H.
stereotypes; causal; about professions
Steve the librarian
stock market
stock picking
stock portfolios
stock trading, insider
Stone, Arthur
stories, life
St. Petersburg paradox
Strack, Fritz
strangers, assessment of
Strangers to Ourselves (Wilson)
Streep, Meryl
strength, assessments of
structured settlements
Stumbling to Happiness (Gilbert)
substitution; and mood heuristic for happiness; and 3-D heuristic
success, uot
sum-like variables
sunk-cost fallacy

Sunstein, Cass
Super Bowl
supply and demand
surgeons
Surowiecki, James
surprise
survey and gift experiments
survival-mortality experiment
symbols
System 1; characteristics of; conflict between System 2 and
System 2; conflict between System 1 and; laziness of

Taleb, Nassim
talent
task sets
task switching
Tate, Geoffrey
taxes; child exemptions and
temperament
temptation
Tenet, George
terrorism
Tetlock, Philip
Thaler, Richard
theory-induced blindness
therapists
thinking like a trader
Thomas, Lewis
threats; possibility effect and
3-D heuristic
tickets; buying and selling of; sunk cost in
time; use of
time pressure
Todorov, Alex
token experiment
Tom W problem
“Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth” (Barber and Odean)
transactions and trades
Traviata, La (Verdi)
Truman, Harry
trustworthiness, assessments of

truth, illusions of
Tversky, Amos

understanding, illusion of
unique cases
University College London
University of California at Berkeley
University of Chicago
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota
University of Oregon
unlikely events, see rare events unknown unknowns
utility; decision; experienced; indifference map and; injection
puzzle and; meanings of
utility theory; certainty effect and; decision weights and
probabilities in

vacations
vaccines
validity: of clinical vs. statistical predictions; evaluating; illusion of
Vallone, Robert
value; see also utility Vancouver Island
Venn diagrams
venture capitalists
victim compensation
vividness; of outcomes; of probabilities
vocabulary: of girls vs. boys; simple vs. pretentious
Vohs, Kathleen
vomit, effect of word
Von Neumann, John
voting

Wainer, Howard
walking
wars
Washington Post, The
wealth, see money and wealth
weather

Weber, Ernste>
weight and piano playing, measuring
Weiner, Howard
well-being; climate and; defining; disposition for; duration
weighting and; see also happiness
West, Richard
what you see is all there is (WYSIATI); confidence and; curriculum
team and; Julie problem and; optimistic bias and; premortem
and; professorial candidate problem and; soldiers’ performance
and; Tom W problem and
wheel of fortune
“wicked” environments
Wilson, Timothy
Wimbledon tournament
wine
Winter Olympics
Wisdom of Crowds, The (Surowiecki)
witnesses’ evidence
Woods, Tiger
words: complex vs. simple; emotionally-loaded
World Cup
World War II
worry
WYSIATI, see what you see is all there is

X-rays
Xu, Jing

Yale exam problem
Yom Kippur War

Zajonc, Robert
Zamir, Eyal
Zeller, Kathryn
Zweig, Jason
Zwerling, Harris

Farrar, Straus and Giroux
18 West 18th Street, NewYork 10011

Copyright © 2011 by Daniel Kahneman
All rights reserved

Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint the following
previously published material: “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics
and Biases” from Science, New Series, Vol. 185, No. 4157, copyright ©
1974 by Amos Tversky and Dan"0%" te>X-rays Science. “Choices,
Values, and Frames” from The American Psychologist, copyright © 1983
by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Reprinted by permission of the
American Psychological Association.

Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint the following
images: Image courtesy of Paul Ekman Group, LLC. Image from “Cues of
Being Watched Enhance Cooperation in a Real-World Setting” by Melissa
Bateson, Daniel Nettle, and Gilbert Roberts, Biology Letters (2006);
reprinted by permission of Biology Letters. Image from Mind Sights by
Roger N. Shepard (New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1990);
reprinted by permission of Henry Holt and Company. Image from
“Human Amygdala Responsivity to Masked Fearful Eye Whites” by Paul J.
Whalen et al., Science 306 (2004). Reprinted by permission of Science.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kahneman, Daniel, 1934–

Thinking, fast and slow/ Daniel Kahneman.—1st ed.
p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 978-0-3742-7563-1
1. Thought and thinking. 2. Decision making. 3. Intuition. 4.
Reasoning. I. Title.
BF441 .K238 2011
153.4'2—dc23

2011027143

www.fsgbooks.com

*5, 47.

*Feature introduced in detail in part 4.

*Feature introduced in detail in part 4.

*Feature introduced in detail in part 4.

*Feature introduced in detail in part 4.

*Feature introduced in detail in part 4.

*This article originally appeared in Science, vol. 185, 1974. The research
was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the
Department of Defense and was monitored by the Office of Naval
Research under contract N00014-73-C-0438 to the Oregon Research
Institute, Eugene. Additional support for this research wass r"0%" wid
provided by the Research and Development Authority of the Hebrew
University, Jerusalem, Israel.

*This article was originally presented as a Distinguished Scientific
Contributions Award address at the American Psychological Association
meeting, August 1983. This work was supported by grant NR 197-058
from the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Originally published in American
Psychologist, vol. 34, 1984.