Indoor Navigation: UUM Library Book Tracer

Indoor Navigation: UUM Library Book Tracer

Fildzah. S. S1, Zaid. M. Z2

1Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, [email protected]

2Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, [email protected]

ABSTRACT mapping project with important places of
feature/buildings/landmarks.
Library is a curated collection of sources of
information and similar resources and selected by A. Problem Statement
experts. Their main functions are to provide support in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) Library is range
research and resource linkage for students and faculty widely in size up to millions of items. Specific
of the educational institution. Libraries range widely in course-related resources are usually provided by the
size up to millions of items. Because of that, majority library, such as copies of textbooks, journals and article
of student will faced the difficulties in finding the readings. Despite of having the uncountable items for
books needed in the large spaces. An indoor navigation goods, it can also be a difficulty for student. Majority
is an effective way to help students to reach the of UUM students faced the same problems when they
specific location of the rack that located books that go to the library. Based on research, the common
they want. The objective of this project is to identify problem among the students is facing the hardness in
requirements needed in the applications, also to design finding the books needed due to the large size of the
and develop the flow of point of interest. To achieve library spaces. Especially new intake students who
the objective of this project, we used the methodology know nothing about UUM library, they will have no
that involved all the phases in developing an idea about the existence of Online Public Access
application. Overall, we believe that the application Catalogs (OPAC) in the library system and how to use
will enhance the library system and also facilitate it in order to find books needed. In general, the
students. majority of students are unaware about the specific
Keywords: Indoor navigation, Point of Interest (POI) locations of books in the library. This is because of the
large amount of book racks which had divided to a few
I. INTRODUCTION level according to the categories of books. The OPAC
system can only help students by giving the code
Indoor Navigation systems could solve some of the number of the rack which located the books. In other
most complex challenges in finding the specific words, all the racks have a different code number
locations. Like GPS and waze, indoor navigation which has been set in the library system and the
systems determine the location of a device indoors. students need to find the rack based on the code
Indoor navigation relies on different technologies number given. Because of that, students usually spend
compared with GPS, which relies on satellite signals a lot of their time just only to find one book without
that are easily blocked by walls and ceilings. To knowing the availability of the books. Due to that
overcome this limitation of GPS, there are a variety of problem, an indoor navigation application will help
indoor navigation systems using different technologies students to trace the book in the UUM library. In short,
such as bluetooth beacons, receiver antenna arrays, students will find the books easier and not waste their
WiFi, and short-range radio Ultra Wideband are time in finding the location of the books.
options for deploying indoor navigation. Besides that,
the Points of Interest (POI) is one of the navigation B. Project Objective
components that relates to Indoor Navigation that is RO1: To identify the requirements needed to build an
useful and easier for people to use. A point of interest application.
(POI) is a dedicated geographic entity such as a RO2: To design and develop the flow of Point of
milestone, an institute, a heritage site, or a corporate Interest (POI) in UUM library.
office. POI is the base for most of the data supporting RO3: To test the functionality of indoor navigation
location-based applications. POI refers to a data set that application.
is a quick, easy and accurate way to populate the

C. Project Scope campuses, malls, and other places which have a larger
This project was aimed to create an indoor navigation landscape. Furthermore, the indoor navigation system
application in the library system of Universiti Utara also can be done in web browsers.
Malaysia (UUM). Point of Interest (POI) is the main
technology that will be used in this project to find the B. Point of Interest (POI)
specific point location. This application is focused on A point of interest, or POI, is a specific point location
navigating to the rack which located Multimedia and that someone may find useful or interesting. An
Information Technology books only. However, due to example is a point on the Earth representing the
the covid-19 pandemic, there are limitations in location of the Space Needle, or a point on Mars
measuring the accurate flow to the specific location. representing the location of the mountain. Most
The developer have tested the application in order to consumers use the term when referring to hotels,
get the best results. It's important to know the campsites, fuel stations or any other categories; these
effectiveness of the application to the UUM students places are called point of interest (POI) that are used in
during finding the rack the located books needed. In modern navigation systems. The term is widely used in
this project, the software that have been used to cartography, especially in electronic variants including
develop the application is Powerpoint, Ispring Suite 10 the Geographic Information System (GIS), and Global
and Website2apk builder. Positioning System (GPS) navigation software. In this
context the synonym waypoint is common. A GPS
D. Significance point of interest specifies, at minimum, the latitude and
Indoor navigation allow the users to pinpoint a precise longitude of the POI. A name or description for the
location within the large range areas. It is the latest way POI is usually included, and other information such as
in the field of navigation. Indoor navigation and point altitude or a telephone number may also be attached.
of interest (POI), aid in speedy finding of the specific GPS applications typically use icons to represent
point location. From the study, we will get the practical different categories of POI on a map graphically.
information regarding the effectiveness of indoor According to Mothiraj R and Gopala Reddy Sanagala,
navigation application. The information enhance to a POI has multiple attributes that provide valuable
better understand on how indoor navigation and POI information about a place. This information helps users
works. An indoor navigation application are very make decisions and plan activities as per their needs.
useful as the users will not wasting their time in finding Why is POI important? Because POI is one of the
and reach the specific location quickly without any components from navigation service, POI is used
difficulties. predominantly as a source and destination to navigate
from one place to another. 99% of the time the search
II. LITERATURE REVIEW starts with a POI, or as a source or a destination.

A. Indoor Navigation III. METHODOLOGY
The indoor navigation is a system which is used to
locate the exact locations, this system is the same like The methodology of this project was divided into three
outdoor navigation which is Waze, google maps, and phases which is pre-production, production and
so on. Indoor navigation systems do not use the GPS post-production.
(Global Positioning System) and any other Internet
technologies. The indoor navigation system is a A. Pre- Production
(usually electronic) system that aids in navigation.
Navigation systems may be on the dash-board of a a. Research
vehicle or these can be fixed to communicate with the In this phase, we identify the problem faced by
use of radio signals with a vehicle. According to Manh UUM students and the solution needed. Firstly,
Hung V.Le, Dimitris Saragas and Nathan Webb there we made a research on current available indoor
explain about the Indoor Navigation for Handheld
devices which is to determine user position the system
uses the data from the wireless adapter, compass and
the accelerometer. This technique promises handheld
indoor navigation systems that can be used in college

navigation technologies and chose the suitable b. Final Product
software to develop an application. In this phase, we finalized the application
based on the evaluation results.
b. Requirement Analysis
The methods that we used to gather the IV. PROJECT EVALUATION
requirements analysis is an interview and from
internet sources. An online interview was A. Formative Evaluation
conducted through voice or video calls with The method that we used was an interview, in which
Multimedia and Information Technology (IT) we conducted an online interview with experts in
students. In addition, we were focused on the application development through an online platform.
journal articles and reports that relates to This method contains qualitative data. We conducted
indoor navigation in order to enhance our an online interview session by using synchronous
acknowledgement about the application. interviews with experts that we have chosen. The
interview will take place in real-time using an online
c. Ideation platform such as Google Meet. With this method, the
In this phase, we have a brainstorming session qualitative data has been collected and gathered in
to decide the interface design and sequence of order to improve the application.
the application.
Experts Chosen to Evaluate the Prototype
B. Production In this project, there are three experts that have been
chosen. Those three experts are the lecturers from
a. Storyboard School of Multimedia Technology and Communication
In this phase, we made a storyboard based on (SMMTC), UUM which have rich experience and
the requirement analysis. The storyboard knowledge in their respective field.
include the sequences and requirement needed
in the application such as transition, icon and Briefing and Show the Prototype
buttons. Before starting the interview with the experts, firstly
we introduced ourselves and explained a little about the
b. Medium Fidelity Prototype application prototype, the objectives of the project, and
This phase is where we start developed the the purpose of this evaluation to the experts. Next, we
prototype based on storyboard. The software presented the experts how this application works.
that we used to develop the prototype is Figma.
Ask Interview Questions
C. Post- Production After giving an explanation about the application to the
experts, we started the interview session by asked the
a. Evaluation questions.
Evaluation is the phase that had been carried
out in order to improve the application. Debriefing
Evaluation was divided into two type which is In final process, the experts gave a comments and
formative evaluation and summative evaluation. feedbacks about the application based on the criteria
In formative evaluation, we have conducted an mentioned. Once the interview session is over, we
online interview with experts. For summative, analyzed the data to improve the application.
we used system testing to test the application.
B. Summative Evaluation
The method that we used is system testing, which is
one type of testing that evaluates a system product's
functionality and integration. A system test is used to
measure the end-to-end system requirements. System
testing is a collection of tests whose main objective is
to put a system through its tests. Blackbox is one of the
methods in system testing.

Black Box Testing dim. Not suitable for a navigation
Black Box Testing is a system testing method that application.
involves evaluating the usability and functionality of an
application without having understanding of the - Bold or underline the keyword of the
internal code structure, implementation details, or direction in the instruction part to ease
internal methods. Black Box Testing is a type of the user in understanding the flow of
system testing that concentrates on the input and output the direction.
of an application and is based entirely on system
requirements and specifications. The Black Box - Words used in the instruction part are
Testing is conducted based on the requirements too long and difficult for users because
analysis document of our application. The requirement the users need to read the whole
analysis document consists of functional and sentence to understand the direction.
nonfunctional requirements of our navigation
application. - Images used are not specific.

Black box testing is a type of testing technique in - Text and font used are clear and
which the tester has specialised knowledge of how a understandable.
system works and creates test cases to ensure that the
system's functioning is accurate. According to the Expert 2 - Show the title of the book that has
JavaTpoint website, this method does not need any (Dr. Mohd. been searched on the top of pages to
software programming skills. All test cases are created Nizam bin avoid confusion to the users.
with the input and output of a certain function in mind. Saad)
A tester is aware of the specific outcome of a given - Measurement of the steps is inaccurate
input, but not of how the result is generated. Decision because each user’s step is different.
table technique, boundary value analysis method, state
transition, All-pair testing, cause-effect graph method, - Colour used is inappropriate and dull.
equivalence partitioning method, error guessing
technique, use case method, and user narrative - The arrow and words in the
approach are some of the techniques used in black box instruction part are not synchronized
testing. which can make the user confused.

V. FINDINGS - Images used to show the directions are
too general.
A. Formative Evaluation
The table below shows verbal comments from experts - Text and font used is clear.
for application improvements. Comments have been
translated for better understanding. - Layouts need to rearrange to ensure its
ease the user to understand.

Expert Comment/Feedback - Use the average numbers of the user's
steps to show the direction, so that it is
Expert 1 - Hard to measure the steps manually in easier for the user to understand.
(Prof. Dr. order to ensure it's accurate with the
Ariffin bin user's step. - Show the specific images of the places
Abdul that include in the flow of direction to
Mutalib) - Use the suitable color scheme for the ensure its clear for the users.
correct target audience such as fancy
color for the children. - Describe the images of the direction in
details to make sure the users clear with
- Colour used are not attractive and a bit the flow and the steps of the direction

showed. the application

Expert 3 - The colour scheme used is unsuitable LBT_02 Choose the
(Tuan and unattractive.
Zalizam Bin - Font style and size are clear but a bit Categories of the
Tuan Muda) hard to see because the color of font
and the background of the application Books
do not contrast.
3. LBT_02_01 The Home Page ✔
✔
will show the
✔
category of the ✔

- Difficulty in measuring the accurate books. ✔
numbers of steps based on the flow of ✔
the direction. 4. LBT_02_02 Users can choose ✔

the category of the

books provided by

- Icon and button navigation is in pressing on it.
appropriate size, which i think overall
fine. LBT_03 Choose the Books

Formative evaluation can provide many benefits in 5. LBT_03_02 The Books List
upgrading the application. In connection with that, the Page shows the list
experts have also helped us to get better ideas to of names of the
improve the application in a better direction. In books according to
addition, the comments and feedback from experts are the category.
also recorded and had been analyzed to decide on more
accurate improvements to achieve the objectives of this 6. LBT_03_03 Users can choose
project. Overall, the experts have provided very clear the books from the
comments and feedback to enhance our knowledge list by pressing on
about an application regarding the user interface such the name of the
as icons, color themes, font type and font size. book.

LBT_04 Navigation

B. Summative Evaluation 7. LBT_04_01 The Navigation
Following are the results of the black box testing Page shows the
method that has been carried out on our application. starting point
Table below shows the list of requirement analysis before starting
which consists of both functional and nonfunctional navigating.
requirements:
8. LBT_04_02 The system will
Functional Requirements show the direction
arrow of the rack
No. Requirement Requirement Result of the books that
have been chosen
ID Description by the user.

LBT_01 Start 9. LBT_04_03 Arrived Message
will appear after
1. LBT_01_01 Users can press the ✔ the system
start button to enter ✔ completed
into the navigating the user
application. to the location of
the racks.
2. LBT_01_02 After click the
“Start” button, the
system will show
the Home Page of

10. LBT_04_04 The user is able to ✔ - Home button
11. LBT_04_05 click the ✔ - Books button
12. LBT_04_06 “Continue” button ✔ - About Us button
after arriving at the - Exit button
LBT_05 location. - Back button

The Arrived Page LBT_06 Usability
shows the image,
name of racks and 2. LBT_06_01 Users are able to ✔
completed
navigation message access the application.
to the user.
3. LBT_06_02 Users can view and ✔
The user is able to choose the books
click the “Go from the list
Back” button if provided.
they want to go to
the Books List LBT_07 Reliability
Page.

Exit

4. LBT_07_01 The application ✔
available every time
13. LBT_05_01 The user be able to ❌ for the user
14 LBT_05_02 exit from the ✔
15 LBT_05_03 system by click the ✔ 5. LBT_07_02 If the system crashes, ✔
“EXIT” button the system will
Result automatically restart.
Popup confirmati ✔
on message will be ❌ LBT_08 Supportability
appear after the
user click the 6. LBT_08_01 The application must ❌
“EXIT” button not be platform
dependent, i.e, it
User can choose should be able to to
which to continue run on platform
the action by click Android
the “YES” button
or cancel by click LBT_09 Implementation
the “NO” button

Non-Functional Requirements 7. LBT_09_01 Project will be ✔
implement using
No. Requirement Requirement Microsoft
ID Description PowerPoint, Ispring
Suite 10 and Website
LBT_05 Performance 2 APK Builder Pro

1. LBT_05_01 User-friendly 8. LBT_09_02 All project Graphical ✔
interface to ease the User Interfaces (GUI)
user. will be create using
Pencil Project
LBT_05_02 Navigation buttons
provided functions
well.

Summative evaluation provides us with results of
testing that have been run on our Indoor Navigation:
UUM Library Book Tracer application. The system
testing has been conducted in order to achieve the
objective of our project and we’re using the Black Box
Testing method. Furthermore, the results of the
system testing that has been carried out are based on
the requirement analysis which consists of both
functional and nonfunctional requirements.

VI. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, development of the UUM Library Book
Tracer application was achieved the objectives of the
project. This indoor navigation application was
expected to be an effective ways to help in directing
the student to the specific location of the rack that
located books needed. In addition, the application
allow student to the easy path of direction in the UUM
library in real-time as the technology provided the
simple navigation. With the help of the application, the
entire finding process will get easier as it consists the
understandable instructions and clear flow of directions.
Overall, the indoor navigation application will enhance
the student experience in UUM library.

REFERENCES

Definitions for point of interestpoint of in·ter·est.
https://www.definitions.net/definition/point of interest.

Rajendra, A. (2016, January 11). (PDF) Indoor
Navigation System. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289855687_I
ndoor_Navigation_System.

Guerrero, L. A., Vasquez, F., & Ochoa, S. F. (2012).
An indoor navigation system for the visually impaired.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34360
27/.

What an Indoor Navigation System is and how to use it
in your venue. What is the Indoor Navigation System?
What is the Indoor Positioning System?
https://www.avsystem.com/blog/indoor-navigation-and
-indoor-positioning/.

Indoor Navigation. eKiosk.
https://ekiosk.com/en/solutions/wayfinding/indoor-
navigation/