SPM 2003 (ii) State one assumption which you have made
in (b)(i).
2 The blocks P and Q in Diagram 2.1 have the same Nyatakan satu anggapan yang perlu anda
mass. They are immersed in boiling water for a buat dalam(b)(i).
long time. P and Q are then transferred into ......................................................................
beakers X and Y respectively as shown in Diagram [1 mark]
2.2 SPM 2005
Bongkah P dan Q dalam Rajah 2.1 mempunyai
jisim yang sama. Kedua-dua bongkah itu direndam 4 (a) Sweating is one of the ways our body
di dalam air yang mendidih dalam jangka masa maintains the body temperature of about 37°C.
yang lama. P dan Q itu kemudiannya masing- Sweat is largely made up of water and it
masing dipindahkan serentak ke dalam bikar X dan comes from sweat glands as shown in Diagram
Y seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2. 4.1.
Berpeluh adalah satu cara badan kita
mengekalkan suhu badan di sekitar 37°C.
Sebahagian besar peluh adalah air dan ianya
dikeluarkan oleh kelenjar pelajar itu, seperti
ditunjukkan pada Rajah 4.1.
Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2 Diagram 4.1
The mass of water in both beakers X and Y is 0.25 When sweat evaporates, it takes heat away
from our body.
kg and the initial temperature of the water in each Apabila peluh menyejat, ia mengeluarkan haba
dari badan kita.
beaker is the same.
Specific heat capacity of P is 900 J kg -1 °C-1 (i) What is meant by evaporation?
Specific heat capacity of Q is 390 J kg -1 °C-1 Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan
Specific heat capacity of water is 4 200 J kg -1 °C-1 penyejatan?
……………………………………………...
Jisim air dalam kedua-dua bikar X dan Y itu ialah [1 mark]
0.25 kg dan suhu awal air dalan setiap bikar (ii) Using kinetic theory of matter, explain how
evaporation takes away heat from our body.
adalah sama. Menggunakan teori kinetik jirim, terangkan
Muatan haba tentu P ialah 900 J kg -1 °C-1 bagaimana proses penyejatan
Muatan haba tentu Q ialah 390 J kg -1 °C-1 mengeluarkan haba dari badan kita.
Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4 200 J kg -1 °C-1' ……………………………………………..
……………………………………………...
(a) (i) State the initial temperature of the blocks. ……………………………………………..
Nyatakan suhu awal bongkah-bongkah itu. ……………………………………………...
....................................................................... [2 marks]
[1 mark]
(b) State two environmental factors that affect the
(ii) Why is the final temperature of the water in rate of evaporation of sweat.
beaker X higher than that in beaker Y? Nyata dua faktor alam sekitar yang
Mengapakah suhu akhir air dalam bikar X mempengaruhi kadar penyejatan peluh.
lebih tinggi daripada suhu air di dalam 1………………………………………………
bikar Y ? 2………………………………………………
................................................................... [2 marks]
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Calculate the rise in temperature of the
water in beaker Y it block Q releases 8 400
J of heat energy.
Hitungkan kenaikan suhu air dalam bikar Y
jika bongkah Q membebaskan 8 400 J
tenaga haba.
[2 marks]
1
(c) While playing badminton, 0.05 kg of sweat SPM 2007
was evaporated from Ahmad's body.
Calculate the quantity of heat lost from his 3 Diagram 3.1 shows the change of phase when 1 kg
body due to the evaporation. of ice is converted into steam. Rajah 3.1
The latent heat of vaporisation of sweat is 2.3 x menunjukkan perubahan fasa apabila 1 kg ais
106 J kg-1. ditukar menjadi stim.
Semasa bennain badminton, 0.05 kg peluh
tersejat dari badan Ahmad. Diagram 3.1
Hitungkan kuantiti haba yang hilang dari
badan Ahmad xang disebabkan oleh Q1, Q2 and Q3 are the heat energies absorbed
penyejatan peluh itu. during the heating process.
Muatan haba pendam pengewapan peluh ialali Q1, Q, dan Q3 adalah tenaga haba yang diserap
2.3 x 106 J kg-1. ketika proses pemanasan itu.
[2 marks] (a) Name the heat energy Q1 which is absorbed
from R to S.
SPM 2006 Namakan tenaga dalam, Q1 yang serap dari R
ke S.
2 Diagram 2 shows a mercury thermometer which ..........................................................................
has not been calibrated. [ 1 mark ]
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebatang termometer
merkuri yang belum ditentukur. (b) State one reason why the temperature at R and
S is the same even though heat is supplied.
Diagram 2 Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa suhu di R dan S
adalah sama walaupun haba dibekalkan.
(a) (i) State the physical change in the mercury ............................................................................
when the temperature increases. [ 1 mark ]
Nyatakan perubahan sifat fizikal pada
merkuri bila suhu bertambah. (c) Calculate the heat energy. Q2. which is
…………………………………………… absorbed from S to T.
[ 1 mark ] [The specific heat capacity of water, c = 4 200
J kg-1 °C-1.
(ii) Why is mercury used in the thermometer? Hitung tenaga haba, Q2, yang diserap dari S
Mengapa merkuri digunakan di dalam ke T.
termometer itu? [Muatan haba tentu air. c = 4 200 J kg-1 °C-1]
…………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ] [2 marks]
(d) Sketch the graph of temperature against time on
(b) The length of the mercury column in the
thermometer is 2.6 cm at 0°C and 22.6 cm at Diagram 3.2 to show the change of phase from R to
100°C. U.
Panjang turus merkuri pada termometer ialah Lakarkan graf suhu me law an masa pada Rajah
2.6 cm pada 0°C dan 22.6 cm pada 100°C. 3.2 untuk menunjukkan perubahan fasa dari R ke
(i) What is the difference in the lengths of the U.
mercury columns at 0°C and at 100°C?
Berapakah perbezaan panjang turns Diagram 3.2
merkuri pada 0°C dan pada 100°C?
…………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) When the thermometer is placed in hot oil.
the length of the mercury column is 16.9
cm.
Calculate the temperature of the hot oil.
Apabila termometer itu dimasukkan ke
dalam minyak panas, panjang turns
merkuri ialah 16.9 cm.
Hitung suhu minyak panas itu.
[2 marks]
2
SPM 2008 Hot Specific heat Mass, m Power, P
Plates capacity, c Jisim, m Kuasa, P
8 Diagram 8.1 shows a 500 W electric heater being Plat Muatan haba
used to heat a beaker ol water on aJ compression Pemanas kg W
balance. tentu, c
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan suatu pemanas elektrik 500 Q J kg-1°C-1 3.0 600
W digunakan untuk memanaskan satu lm air di 2.5 1 200
atas neraca mampatan. R 390 4.0 900
Diagram 8.1 S 900
(a) State the energy ehange involved when using 400
the heater to heat the water
Nyatakan perithelium tenaga yang terlibat Table 8
ketika pemanas itu digunakan untuk memanas
air. The initial temperature of each plate is 30°C.
............................................................................ The plates are ready to use when their temperature
[1 mark] reaches 200°C.
Suhu awal setiap plat ialah 30°C.
(b) The mass of water is 0.5 kg and the specific Plat-plat itu sedia untuk digunakan bila suhu plat
heat capacity of water is 4 200 J kg-1°C-1. The mencapai 200o C.
initial temperature of the water is 30°C. Calculate the time taken to reach 200°C from each
Calculate the energy absorbed by the water to plate.
reach its boiling point. Hitung masa yang diambil untuk mencapai sultu
Jisim air ialah 0.5 kg dan muatan haba tentu 200°C bagi setiap plat.
bagi air ialah 4 200 J kg-1°C-1. Suhu awal ai
ialah 30°C. (i) Plate Q
Hitung tenaga yang diserap oleh air itu untuk Plat Q
mencapai takat didih.
(ii) Plate R
Plat R
[2 marks] (iii) Plate S
(c) When the water is boiling, the reading of the Plat S
compression balance decreases by 0.0125 kg in [ 6 marks ]
60 s. (e) (i) Based on the answers in 8(d), which plate is
Calculate the specific latent heat of
vaporization of the water. the most suitable for heating “roti canai”?
Ketika air mendidih, bacaan neraca mampatan Berdasarkan jawapan di 8(d), plat manakah
berkurang sebanyak 0.0125 kg dalam masa 60 yang paling sesuai untuk memanaskan roti
s. canai?
Hitung haba pendant tentu pengewapan bagi .....................................................................
air itu.
[ 1 mark ]
[2 marks] (ii) State one reason for the answer in 8(e)(i).
(d) Q, R and S are ihree different hot plates. These Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan di
hot plates are used to heat “roti canai”. Table 8 shows the 8(e)(i).
characteristics of each plate. ......................................................................
Q, R dan S adalah tiga plat pemanas yang berbeza. Plat ......................................................................
petnanas ini digunakan untuk menumaskan roti canai.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi setiap plat. [ 1 mark ]
3
SPM 2009 SPM 2010
4 Diagram 4 shows air bubbles produced by an air 8 Table 8 shows two types of port and their
pump in an aquarium filled with fresh water. characteristics.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan gelembung-gelembung Jadual 8 menunjukkan dua jenis periuk dan ciri-
udara dihasilkan oleh pam udara di dalam sebuah cirinya.
akuarium berisi air tawar.
Table 4 Table 8
(a) Explain why the volume of an air bubble (a) What is the meaning of specific heat capacity ?
increases as it moves towards the surface. Apakah maksud muatan hahu tentu?
Terangkan mengapa isi padu gelembung udara ..................................................................................
bertambah apabila bergerak menghampiri
permukaan. [ 1 mark ]
…………………………………………………
………………………………………………… (b) Based on Table 8 state suitable characteristics of
………………………………………………… the pot if it is to be used for cooking something
rapidly.
[2 marks] Berdasarkan Jadual 8 nyatakan ciri-ciri bagi
(b) Name the physics law involved in 4(a). periuk jika ingin digunakan uniuk memasak
sesuatu dengan cepat.
Namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat di 4(a). Give reason for the suitability of the
………………………………………………… characteristics.
Berikan sebab untuk kesesuaian ciri-ciri itu.
[1 mark]
(c) What is the change in the volume of an air (i) Material for making the pot.
Bahan untuk membuat periuk
bubble at level R when the fresh water is ...........................................................................
replaced by sea water of higher density? Reason
Apakah perubahan dalam isipadu gelembung Sebab
udara pada paras R apabila air tawar ...........................................................................
digantikan dengan air laut yang mempunyai [ 2 marks ]
ketumpatan lebih tinggi?
………………………………………………… (ii) Maternal for making the handle of the pot.
Bahan untuk membuat pemegang periuk.
[1 mark] .........................................................................
(d) An air bubble of volume 5 cm3 is released by Reason
Sebab
an air pump at a depth of 0.5 m. Calculate the .........................................................................
volume of the air bubble when it reaches the [ 2 marks ]
surface of the water.
[Assume that the atmospheric pressure is 10 m (ni) Mass of the pot.
water] Jisim periuk
Satu gelembung udara yang mempunyai isi ...........................................................................
padu 5 cm3 dibebaskan oleh pain udara pada Reason
kedalaman 0.5 m. Sebab
Hitung isi padu gelembung udara itu apabila ..........................................................................
sampai di permukaan air. [ 2 marks ]
[Anggap tekanan atntosfera adalah 10 m air]
(c) The pots are heated by using an electric hot plate of
[3 marks] power 800 W.
Based on the information in Table 8, calculate the
time taken to achieve a temperature rise of 90oC
for:
Periuk-periuk itu dipanaskan dengan
menggunakan plat pemanas elektrik berkuasa 800
W.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 8,hitung
masa yang diambil untuk meningkatkan suhu
sebanyak 90 o C bagi :
4
(i) The clay pot. (a) State the physical quantity measured by a
Periuk tanah liat Bourdon gauge.
Nyatakan kuantiti fizik yang diukur oleh tolok
Bourdon.
.................................................................... ..
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2,
(i) compare the readings of both the Bourdon
gauges.
[2 marks ] Bandingkan bacaan kedua-dua tolok
(ii) The copper pot. Bourdon itu. .
Periuk kuprum.
................................................................
[1 mark ]
( ii) compare the readings of both
thermometers.
Bandingkan bacaan kedua-dua
termometer.
.....................................................................
[1 mark ]
[2 marks ] (iii) state the relationship between the heat
(iii) Determine the most suitable pot that is the supplied and the temperature.
safest to handle and can be heatead in the
shortest period of time nyatakan hubungan antara haba yang
Tentukan periuk yang paling sesuai selamat
untuk dikendalikan dan boleh dipanaskan dibekalkan dengan suhu.
dalam masa yang paling singkat.
......................................................................... .....................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
SPM 2011 [1 mark ]
5 Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show trapped air in (iv) state the relationship between the pressure
two identical flasks heated with different quantity
of heat. Both stoves are turned off after 10 minutes. of air in the flask and the tcmperature
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan udara yang
terperangkap dalam dua kelalang serupa yang nyatakan hubungan antara tekanan udara
dipanaskan dengan kuantiti haba yang berbeza.
Kedua-dua dapur ditutup selepas 10 minit. dalam kelalang dengan suhu.
.....................................................................
[1 mark ]
(c) Based on kinetic theory, explain the reason for
the answer in 5(b)(iv).
Berdasarkan teori kinetik„ ierangkan sebab
bagi jawapan di 5(b)(iv).
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
[2 marks ]
(d) Name the law involved when the air volume is
constant.
Namakan hukum yang terlibat apabila isi padu
udara dimalarkan.
...........................................................................
[1 mark ]
SPM 2012
8 Diagram 8 shows two models of frying pan.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan dua model kuali.
Diagram 5.1
Diagram 5.2 Diagram 8
5
(a) What is the meaning of specific heat capacity? SPM 2013
Apakah maksud muatan haba tentu? 1 Diagram 1 shows a thermometer is used to
..........................................................................
[ 1 mark] measure the temperature of hot water.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah termometer
(b) Based on the information in Diagram 8, state digunakan untuk mengukur suhu air panas.
the suitable characteristics of the frying pan
used for cooking.
Give reason for the suitability of the
characteristics.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 8,
nyatakan ciri-ciri kuali yang sesuai digunakan
untuk memasak.
Beri sebab bagi kesesuaian ciri-ciri tersebut.
(i) Type of surface Diagram 1
Jenis permukaan (a) (i) Name one type of liquid used in the
......................................................................
[ 1 mark] thermometer.
Reason Namakan satu jenis cecair yang
Sebab digunakan dalam termometer.
....................................................................... ......................................................................
[ 1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii) Specific heat capacity (ii) Give one reason for the answer in l(c)(i).
Muatan haba tentu
..................................................................... Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di l(c)(i).
[ 1 mark] .....................................................................
Reason
Sebab [1 mark]
.................................................................... (b) (i) Complete the following sentence by ticking
[ 1 mark]
(√) the correct answer.
(c) Based on the answer in 8(b), determine which Lengkapkan ayat berikut dengan
model of frying pan in Diagram 8 will absorb menandakan (√) jawapan yang betul.
the heat effectively.
Give reason for your choice. The temperature of the water is taken when
Berdasarkan jawapan di 8(b), tentukan model the liquid in the thermometer
kuali dalam Rajah 8 yang dapat menyerap Suhu air diambil apabila cecair dalam
haba dengan berkesan. termometer
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
............................................................................ starts to expand.
............................................................................. mula mengembang.
.............................................................................
[ 2 marks] stops expanding.
berhenti mengembang.
(d) A kettle contained 0.5 kg water. The average
heat absorbed by the water is 16 J s 1 in 25 [ 1mark]
minutes. (ii) Name the physics principle involved in
Sebuah cerek mengandungi 0.5 kg air. Purata
haba yang diserap oleh air adalah 16 J s-1 l(b)(i).
dalam masa 25 minit. Namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat
Calculate: dalam l(b)(i).
Hitung: .....................................................................
(i) The amount of heat absorbed by water
Jumlah haba yang diserap oleh air [1 mark]
SPM 2003
[ 3marks]
(ii) The rise in temperature of the water 11 You are representing the country in carrying out a
research project on the weather at the North Pole.
(Specific heat capacity of water = The surrounding temperature is between - 40"C
4 200 J kg-1 °C_1) to - 8°C. One item of the equipment to be taken for
Kenaikan suhu air your research is a thermometer.
(Muatan haba tentu air = 4 200 J kg-1 °C-1) Anda dipilih mewakili negara untuk menjalankan
projek penyelidikan tentang cuaca di Kutub Utara.
[ 2 marks] Suhu persekitaran adalah antara - 40°C hingga
- 8°C. Satu daripada alat yang perlu dibawa untuk
kajian itu ialah termometer.
(a) State the principle used in a liquid-glass
thermometer.
Nyatakan prinsip yang digunakan dalam
termometer cecair dalam kaca.
[1 mark
6
(b) State how a liquid-glass thermometer can be (ii) Decide which thermometer is most
used to measure the body temperature of a suitable to be taken for your research
sick person. Explain heat transfer that takes and give reason
place at each stage of measurement. Tentukan termometer yang paling
Nyatakan bagaimana termometer ceeair sesuai digunakan untuk tujuan kajian
dalam kaca digunakan untuk mengukur suhu cuaca tersebut dan berikan sebab.
badan seorang yang sakit. Terangkan [10 marks]
pemindahan haba yang berlaku dalam setiap
peringkat pengukuran itu. (d) A thermometer which is not calibrated has a
[4 marks] mercury column of length 8 0 cm when the
temperature is 0"C and 20 0 cm when the
(c) Table 11 shows the characteristics of six temperature is 100°C. The mercury column is
types of thermometers P, Q, R, S, T and U. 5 0 cm when put in liquid X.
Jadual 11 menunjukkan ciri bagi Sebuah termometer merkuri yang belum
enam jenis termometer P. Q, R. S, T dan U. ditenukurkan mempunyai panjang turus
merkuri 8 0 cm pada suhu 0°C dan 20 0 cm
Thermometer Liquid Glass Diameter of Glass- Cross- pada suhu 100°C. Apabila dimasukkan
Termometer used walled capillary bore stem section dalam cecair X didapati panjang turus
Cecair bulb tube Dinding Keratan merkuri itu ialah 5 0 cm.
diguna Bebuli Diameter Batang rentas
kan kaca tiub kaca (i) Determine the temperature of liquid X
kapilari in kelvin.
Tentukan suhu cecair X itu dalam
thick and kelvin.
P mercury thin big curved (ii) State a thermometric property used
merkuri nipis besar tebal dan when making of a thermometer.
meleng Nyatakan sifat termometri yang
digunakan apabila menentukurkan
kung suatu termometer.
[5 marks]
0 mercury thick small thin and
merkuri tebal kecil plane ............................................................................................
nipis dan ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
rata ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
thin and ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
R mercury thin small curved ............................................................................................
merkuri nipis kecil nipis dan ............................................................................................
meleng ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
kung ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
S alcohol thick big thick and ............................................................................................
alkohol tebal besar plane ............................................................................................
tebal ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
dan rata ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
thick and ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
T alcohol thin small curved ............................................................................................
alkohol nipis kecil tebal dan ............................................................................................
meleng ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
kung ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
U alcohol thick small thin and ............................................................................................
alkohol tebal kecil plane ............................................................................................
nipis dan ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
rata ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Additional information: ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Maklumat tambahan: ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Freezing point of mercury = -39"C,Freezing point of alcohol=- 112°C
Takat beku merkuri = -39 oC Takat beku alkohol = - 112oC
Boiling point of mercury= 360o C Boiling point of alcohol =78 "C
Takat didih merkuri = 360oC Takat didih alkohol = 78 "C
Table 11
Based on the table above;
Berdasarkan jadual di atas;
(i) Explain the suitable characteristics of
the thermometer so that it can be used
to measure temperatures at the North
Pole.
Terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri
termometer itu yang boleh digunakan
untuk mengukur suhu di Kutub Utara.
7
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8
SPM 2004 [3 marks]
11 (a) Diagram 11 shows a food container used for ............................................................................................
keeping the food warm. The container is able ............................................................................................
to maintain the temperature of food for a ............................................................................................
long time. The container can be moved from ............................................................................................
one place to another. ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Diagram 11 ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Table 11 shows the characteristics of ............................................................................................
materials which could be used to make the ............................................................................................
food container. ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Characteristic Density Melting Specific Thermal ............................................................................................
Ciri / kg m-3 conducti ............................................................................................
point heat ............................................................................................
Material Ketumpatan / oC capacity vity ............................................................................................
Bahan / J kg-1 oC-1 Kekondu ............................................................................................
/ Takat ............................................................................................
kg m-3 ksian ............................................................................................
lebur terma
/ oC
P 2 710 660 910 High ............................................................................................
Tinggi ............................................................................................
Q 910 27 1 600 Low ............................................................................................
Rendah ............................................................................................
K 1 060 240 1 300 Low ............................................................................................
Rendah ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Low ............................................................................................
S 2 600 1 200 670 Rendah ............................................................................................
T 3 800 2 020 800 High ............................................................................................
Tinggi ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
Table 11 ............................................................................................
............................................................................................
( i) What is meant by melting point? ............................................................................................
[1 mark ] ............................................................................................
(ii) You are asked to investigate the ............................................................................................
characteristics of the materials in Table 11 ............................................................................................
which could be used to make the food ............................................................................................
container as in Diagram 11. ............................................................................................
Explain the suitability of ench characteristic ............................................................................................
in Table 11 and hence, determine which ............................................................................................
material is most suitable to be used to make ............................................................................................
the food container. ............................................................................................
Justify your choice. ............................................................................................
[10 marks ] ............................................................................................
(b) 500 g of hot water at 90 oC is poured into a glass ............................................................................................
and left to cool down to room temperature at ............................................................................................
300oC. ............................................................................................
(i) Sketch the temperature-time graph for the ............................................................................................
cooling process of the hot water. Use your ............................................................................................
graph to explain this process. ............................................................................................
[4 marks] ............................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the quantity of heat lost from the ............................................................................................
hot water. The specific heat capacity of water ............................................................................................
is 4 200 J kg -1 °C. ............................................................................................
[2 marks] ............................................................................................
(iii) Hot water is pound into a glass which has a ............................................................................................
small crack. It is observed that the size of the ............................................................................................
track increases. ............................................................................................
Explain this observation. ............................................................................................
9
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10
SPM 2006 The features
of cooling liquid
11 (a) (i) What is meant by specific latent heat of Ciri cecair penyejuk
vapourization? P • Boiling point
Apakah maksud haba pendam tentu 100°C
pengewapan ? Takat didih 100°C
[1 mark] • Specific heat
capacity
(ii) Explain why someone who is sweating 4 200 J kg-1 °C -1
feels cool when he is under a rotating Muatan haba tentu 4
fan. 200 J kg-1 °C 1
Terangkan mengapa seseorang yang
badannya berpeluh berasa sejuk The features
apabila berada di bawah kipas yang of cooling liquid
berputar. Q Ciri cecair penyejuk
[4 marks] • Boiling point
100°C
(b) A solid substance, of mass 0.05 kg, is heated Takat didih 100°C
using an immersion heater of 240 V. 0.1 kW. • Specific heat
Diagram 11.1 shows the heating curve of the capacity
solid. 4 200 J kg-1 °C -1
Suatu bahan dalam keadaan pepejal berjisim Muatan haba tentu 4
0.05 kg dipanaskan menggunakan pemanas 200 J kg-1 °C 1
rendam 240 V. 0.1 kW.
Rajah 11.1 menunjiikkan keluk pemanasan The features
bagi pepejal tersebut. of cooling liquid
R Ciri cecair penyejuk
Diagram 11.1 • Boiling point
Calculate 100°C
Hitung Takat didih 100°C
(i) the specific latent heat of fusion of the • Specific heat
capacity
substance, 4 200 J kg-1 °C -1
haba pendam tentu pelakuran bahan Muatan haba tentu 4
itu, 200 J kg-1 °C 1
(ii) the specific heat capacity of the
The features
substance in liquid state. of cooling liquid
muatan haba tentu bahan itu dalam S Ciri cecair penyejuk
keadaan cecair. • Boiling point 78°C
Takat didih 78°C
[5 marks] • Specific heat
(c) You are asked to investigate the features of capacity
2 450 J kg-1 °C -1
cooling material anil the design of a car Muatan haba tentu 2
engine radiate as in Diagram 11.2. 450 J kg-1 °C 1
Explain the suitability of each feature in
Diagram 11.2 and then determine the most The features
suitable car engine radiator to be used. of cooling liquid
Give a reason for your choice. Ciri cecair penyejuk
Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri T • Boiling point 78°C
bahan penyejuk dan reka bentuk radiator Takat didih 78°C
enjin kereta sepei Rajah 11.2. • Specific heat
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri da I am capacity
Rajah 11.2 dan seterusnya tentukan radiator 2 450 J kg-1 °C -1
enjin kereta yang paling sesuai digunakan. Muatan haba tentu 2
Beri sebah untuk pililtan anda. 450 J kg-1 °C 1
Diagram 11.2
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13
SPM 2009 (c) Diagram 11.2 shows a thermos flask used to
maintain the temperature of a hot drink for a
11 Diagram 11.1 shows a metal block, M, of mass 500 long time.
g heated in boiling water of temperature 100 °C for Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan sebuah kelalang termos
a long time. The metal block M is then quickly digunakan untuk mengekalkan suhu minuman
transferred into 200 g of water at 30 °C in a panas untuk jangka masa yang lama.
polystyrene cup. The water is stirred until thermal
equilibrium is achieved.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu bongkah logam, M,
berjisim 500 g dipanaskan di dalam air yang
mendidih bersuhu 100 °C dalam jangka masa yang
lama. Suhu 30 °C. air itu dikacau sehingga
keseimbangan terma tercapai.
Diagram 11.2
Diagram 11.1 Table 11 shows the characteristics of four
different flasks.
(a) (i) What is the meaning of thermal Jadual 11 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi
equilibrium? empat kelalalng termos yang berlainan.
Apakah maksud keseimbangan terma?
[1 mark] Thermos Stopper Space P Double walled
flask Penutup Ruang p
(ii) Explain, in terms of thermal Kelalang tube
equilibrium, how a thermometer which termos Hollow Vacuum
is placed into boiling water reads at the plastic Vakum Tiub dinding dua
temperature of 100 °C. W Plastik
Terangkan, dalam konteks berongga Vacuum lapis
keseimbangan terma, bagaimana X Hollow Vakum
thermometer yang diletakkan ke dalam plastic Made of Coate
air mendidih memberikan bacaan suhu Plastik
100° C. berongga Diperbu d by
[4 marks] at dari Di
(b) (i) Calculate the final temperature of the
pada salut
water in the polystyrene cup.
[ Specific heat capacity of oleh
M = 800 J kg-1 °C-1] Glass Shiny
[ Specific heat capacity of water =
Kaca paint
4200 J kg-1 °C-1]
Cat
Hitung suhu akhir air di dalam cawan
polistrena itu. ber
[ Muatan haba tentu M =
kilat
800 J kg-1 °C-1 ]
[ Muatan haba tentu air = Copper Black
4200 J kg-1 °C-1] kuprum paint
[4 marks]
Cat
(ii) State one assumption that you have
made in 11 (b) (i). hitam
Nyatakan satu andaian yang anda buat
dalam 11 (b) (i). Y Solid Air Glass Black
[1 mark]
Plastik Udara Kaca paint
pepejal Cat
hitam
Z Solid Air Copper Shiny
Plastik Udara kuprum paint
pepejal Cat
ber
kilat
Additional information:
Maklumat tambahan:
Specific heat capacity of glass = 840 J kg-1 °C-1
Muatan haba tentu kaca = 840 J kg-1 °C-1
Specific heat capacity of Copper = 387 J kg-1 °C-1
Muatan haba tentu kuprum = 387 J kg-1 °C-1
Table 11
14
Explain the suitability of each characteristics ............................................................................................
of the thermos flasks and determine the most ............................................................................................
suitable thermos flask to be used for the ............................................................................................
purpose of maintaining the temperature of ............................................................................................
the hot drink. ............................................................................................
Give reasons for your choice. ............................................................................................
Terangkan kesesuian setiap ciri kelalang ............................................................................................
termos dan tentukan kelalang termos yang ............................................................................................
paling sesuai untuk digunakan bagi tujuan ............................................................................................
mengekalkan suhu minuman panas. ............................................................................................
Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda. ............................................................................................
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19
SPM 2013 Hubungkaitkan isi padu udara terperangkap
dengan tekanan yang dikenakan untuk membuat
9 Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show an experiment deduksi tentang satu hukum fizik.
to determine the relationship Namakan hukum fizik tersebut.
Between volume of trapped air and pressure that is
exerted to it in a glass tube. [5 marks]
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan satu
eksperimen untuk menentukan hubungan antara isi (b) Explain why the size of an air bubble at the base of
padu udara terperangkap dengan tekanan yang a lake increases as it moves toward the surface.
dikenakan ke atasnya dalam tiub kaca. Terangkan mengapa saiz satu gelembung udara
pada dasar sebuah tasik bertambah besar apabila
gelembung udara bergerak menghampiri
permukaan.
[4 marks]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a house in
Malaysia.
Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan model sebuah rumah di
Malaysia.
Diagram 9.1
Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.3
(i) What is the meaning of pressure? Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the use
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tekanan ? of suitable material and design to improve the
[ 1 mark] ventilation of the house and to ensure the
temperature inside the house is not high. Your
(ii) Observe Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2. answer should include the following aspects:
Compare the volume of trapped air, the Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan
pressure exerted and the temperature of trapped kegunaan bahan-bahan yang sesuai dan
air. rekabentuk tertentu bagi meningkatkan lagi sistem
Relate the volume of trapped air to the pressure peredaran udara da/am rumah dan memastikan
exerted to deduce one physics law. Name the suhu da/am rumah tidak tinggi. Jawapan anda
physics law. hendaklah merangkumi aspek-aspek herikut'-
Perhatikan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2. (i) Number of windows
Bandingkan isi padu udara terperangkap,
tekanan yang dikenakan dan suhu ndara Bilangan tingkap
terperangkap.
(ii) Size of windows
20 Saiz tingkap
(iii) The specific heat capacity of material for the
wall.
Muatan haba tentu bagi bahan untuk dinding.
(iv) The type of material for the roof.
Jenis bahan untuk bumbling.
(v) Additional feature that can cool the house.
Ciri tambahan yang boleh menyejukkan rumah
itu.
[10 marks]
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22
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Contoh Soalan SPM - Struktur & Esei - 04 - HABA
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