Notes Extended Teacher

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You’ll never guess who I met when I was at Mario’s a few minutes ago.

We were sitting at our favourite table near the window, looking forward to a relaxing meal and
trying to decide what to order.

We were just about to call the waiter, when suddenly we were disturbed by the noise of a
large group of people coming into the restaurant. I tried to see what the fuss was about, but it
was impossible because of the camera flash.
It wasn’t until sometime later, when I went to wash my hands, that I got a clear view and was
amazed to see the President himself!
I don’t need to tell you how excited I was. I started in surprise for what seemed like ages. I
decided to get his autograph before he left, and went to get some paper from him.
Just as I was about to approach the President, the whole group stood up and left just as noisly
as when they had arrived. I was disappointed to realise I had missed the chance of a lifetime!

Don’t you wish you’d been there? Must dash to see if there’s anything about it on the local news.

You’ll never believe what I’ve just done!

I was having my coffee this morning and reading the local paper, when I noticed an
advertisement for a free parachute jump. So I decided to go along.
Continue the narrative, using a selection of time sequence phrases, connectors and feelings and
ending with an appropriate conclusion.

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Applying the plan to a Type 3 situation

Introduction.
I can’t wait to tell my news!

I was listening to the results of the lottery on the TV when I realized I’d won!

Conclusion

The prize money wasn’t very much – but at least it should pay for some driving lessons.
This was certainly the happiest day of my life – so far!

Friendly emails: descriptive narrative

‘Descriptive narrative’ emails need to be written in friendly register. These are emails written to
a friend, relative or penfriend about an occasion or event. As the name suggests, descriptive
narratives are a combination of descriptive and narrative writing.

The occasions you may be asked to write about can include:

A celebration
A school show
A sports day
A festival or carnival
A holiday

Personalising in descriptive narrative and narrative letters.

Personlising I descriptive narrative email poses the same problems as for narrative emails.

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Other points to consider

Look again at the question:

Write an email to a friend about a sports day that was held recently at your school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I’m sorry / (it’s a shame) you couldn’t make sports day last week, but I’m glad to hear
you’re feeling better now.
I thought I’d drop you a line to let you know how it went/ what you missed.

Remember to give some reason why the frined had to miss the event.
To the penfriend you might write:

It was lovely to get your letter on Tuesday and to hear all your news. I thought you might like
to/be interested to hear about my school sports day which was held last Saturday.

In the body of the email to a school friend, you can refer to other studets and staff by name and
refer to their charactristcs because the friend knows them.

Mr. Robert was his usual bossy self, ordering everyone around at the top of his voice to make
sure all the parents would notive him!

Tania had put her hair up in yet another one of her fancy sstyles, but as she sprinted along it
came down and fell all over her face! You should have seen her! She looked such a mess!

To describe the same information to a penfriend you would need to write:

Our PE teacher, Mr. Robert, was souting instructions at the top of his voice hoping that all the
parents would notice him.

One of the fashioned-conscious girls in my class called Tania turned up with a new hairstyle, but
as she sprinted along it fel all over her face!

Well, I hope that gives you some idea what you missed/what happened. I don’t think you
missed much, really, and anyway it won’t be long till the next one!

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Well, I hope that gives you some idea about the kind of thing that happens at sports day
over here. do you have any event like this at your school? If so, I’d like to hear about it
sometime.

Well, now you know about what we get up to on sports day over here. How are you
getting on with your driving lessions, by the way?

Write an email to a friend about a festival or carnival that took place recently in you
home town or village.

What kind of festival could you write about?

Avoid festivals connected to religion
Avoid festivals connected to ward, victory days or any kind of politics
Try to choose something cultural such as arrival of spring, new year celebrations
or a festival of flowers, for example.

People

How many people?
People/visitors flocked in their hundreds.

In a relaxed mood / in a festive mood

Strolling around / wandering around

Try to create the atmosphere by using the senses – what is there to see, hear, smell and taste?

Twinkling fairy lights / decorated with brightly coloured bunting (flags used as deoration)
Dancing display / colourful folk dances / traditional cousumes

Smell of onions frying

Noise of the music / marching band / traditional instruments

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Exercise
1. Using the information given above, write an email to a friend about a festival or carnival
that took place recently in you home town.
2. Write an email to a friend about a holiday you went on revently.
3. You have recently been on a visit to another town. Write an email to a friend, telling them
what you did and saw.
Differences between narrative and descriptive narrative.
Compare the two styles

Exercise Question

You and your friend recently made a video and uploaded it to a video-sharing site on the internet.

Write an email to your cousin in which you:

 explain what the video was about
 describe why you decided to upload it
 say how you felt about the experience.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Exercise 6 – EXTENDED WRITING

Assessment objectives

Task:
Total marks

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REVIEW WRITING

Exercise 6 of the ESL paper could also be a review writing.
The review could be for a book, movie, restaurant etc. that you enjoyed (or didn’t!)
The exercise is worth 16 marks and you should write about 150-200 words.
Let’s dive right in. I will be using a book review for examples. I have included a sample review
at the end.
A critical appraisal of a book, play, film, etc. written to be published in a newspaper or magazine
is called a review. It is an opinionated account of the facts about a work. Often, review contains
a rating of the work.

A review combines both personal opinion and reporting. It has a specific goal: evaluation of
something.
 Introduction: state the book’s title, author’s full name, the setting of the story, giving a one-

line description of what the story is about. Use adjectives to describe the book such as
insightful, beautiful, controversial etc.

 Brief description: give a one-paragraph synopsis of the plot of the book, shortly expanding
your one-sentence description in the introduction. Don’t write the whole story, only the
beginning! Use the present tense of verbs and linking words to outline the story
chronologically. Bonus points if you can use words that fit the theme of the story. If, for
example, the book is of the fantasy genre, use words like magic, summon, fate, spells etc.

 Opinion: this is where you have to write down how the book impacted you. Was it inspiring?
Thought-provoking? Life-changing? You could praise the book or criticise it, stating why.

 Recommendation: you must state whether you would recommend this book, to whom and
why.

A review is:

 is neutral in register
 provides facts about the work (author / director, themes, plot, genre,..)
 gives assessment of the writer on the work.
 does not summarise or reveal the story. It doesn’t spoil the suspense.



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EXAMINER TIP 1





EXAMINER TIP 2

EXAMINER TIP 3

EXAMINER TIP 4

EXAMINER TIP 5

EXAMINER TIP 6

EXAMINER TIP 7

EXAMINER TIP 8

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How to write a review

 Your review in response to the examination question is expected to be in four or
five paragraphs.

 Read the question and the comments in the speech bubbles and identify the
problem to be discussed.

 Your review is basically a response to the problem to be discussed from your
point of view. Consider the facts about the work as required to develop and
discuss your opinion.

 You are expected to respond to the alternative opinion from your own stand
point.

Start with a generalised statement, Give one or two sentences of basic facts (including basic
line of plot and theme) of the work and give a review statement (your opinion on the discussion
problem set by speech bubble)- 3 or 4 sentences

Give an outline of the work in a way that supports your review statement. State the basic
thread of plot, characters and themes. (Don’t reveal the climax or catastrophe.)

Explain additional points to support your review statement. Start with a topic sentence, justify
that point with facts or logic in two sentences and summarise the point in last sentence of the
paragraph.

State the alternative opinion and its reason. Then give your response to it, not changing your
view.

Give a brief summary of the discussion above and repeat your review statement in modified
vocabulary or in paraphrase.

In the exam you could be asked to write review of a film, a book, a restaurant or a concert etc.

These tips on how to write a book review can also be used when you write a film review. When
you write a review of a place, like a restaurant, or an event like a concert, you should: 1. introduce
the place/event. 2. Say what happened when you were there, 3. Whether you would / wouldn’t
recommend the place/event to others.

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FILM REVIEW

Aspects of films

 Characters  Soundtrack
 Genre  Cast
 Hero/heroine  Direction
 Message of the film  Costumes
 Plot  Performance
 Setting  Special effects
 suspense
Wider vocabulary

VOCABULARY

Impressive Tough Sad Thought-provoking
Poignant Engaging
Magnificent Ruthless Memorable Mesmerising
Dramatic Convincing
Stunning Violent Gripping Appealing
Breath taking Likeable
Superb amusing Mysterious attractive
disturbing
Powerful Hilarious

Enjoyable Witty

Satisfying Stylish

Well-made Quirky

Choosing the right word

Film reviews are designed to give readers a general impression of a particular film. So, it is important
that a reviewer choose his or her words carefully in order to convey the most important information as
effectively as possible.

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Exercise 6

Core

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Extended

BOOK REVIEW

Structure • Tells the reader the title of the book and name of the author.
• In one or two sentences, explain very simply what the book is
Paragraph 1
Introduction about. The introduction, therefore, should state a central
thesis, and set the tone of the review.
• If you like the book, convince people to read it, but if you didn’t
like it, your introduction should show this.
• You could open your review by telling a typical moment from
the book that conveys your opinion.

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Introduction What happens in the book? You should not spoil the ending for
Paragraph 3 & 4 the reader, but you may want to summarise the basic setting
Analyse the book. and plot. An alternative way might be to write a sentence about
Paragraph 5 each main character. (Don’t reveal the climax or catastrophe.)
Recommendation • How does the book affect you? Are the events and characters
believable? Is the style effective? Are there any special
moments? How is the book related to your own experience?
• Give a brief summary of the discussion above and repeat your
review statement in modified vocabulary or in paraphrase.
• Would you recommend this book to others? Why?

For the extended paper 2, spend 30 minutes on this exercise. Allot 5 minutes to plan the
points you will include in each paragraph. Take 20 minutes to write your review, keeping in
mind all the above tips. Use the final 5 minutes to proofread and make any changes.

Useful languages for book reviews

Recommending Effective opening for book review






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Model question

You have just finished reading a book that your friend gave you for your birthday. You found out that a
few other students read the same book and you talked to them about it. You now decide to write a review
of the book for your school magazine.

Here are some comments from other students.

The ending was unexpected I found it inspiring

Write a review for your school magazine.
The comments above may give you some ideas, and you can also use some ideas of your own.
Your review should be between 150 and 200 words long.
You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your review, and 8 marks for the language.

Model answer

Introduce the book in the first The Woman in White is a mystery novel by Wilkie Collins, published in
paragraph. You should 1859. The story set in 19th century England, revolves around five characters
mention the name of the book – an art teacher called Walter Hartright, two half-sisters Marian and Laura,
and the author. Other useful
information can be given. the villain Sir Percival and the mysterious woman in white

You can include one or two In the second paragraph describe how the story starts
main events from the story.
Don’t describe the whole At the start of the story, the ghostly figure of a woman dressed in white
story.
appears to Walter. She tries to tell him something before he departs for
Use the present tense to talk Cumberland, in north-west England. When he arrives in Cumberland, he’s
about the plot.
surprised that one of his students, Laura, is very similar to the woman in
Use adjectives to describe the white. Laura and Walter fall in love, but can’t stay together because Laura is
characters.
to be married to Sir Percival, a cruel and dishonest man who also hides a
Keep the readers interested in
your review. E.g. ask questions terrible secret. Don’t tell the reader how the book ends!

Give a personal opinion of the What is the secret? Who is the woman in white and what is she trying to
book you are reviewing.
warn Walter about? These questions keep readers guessing. However,
Use a range of interesting
expressions. when I first read the book, I felt like giving up after the first few pages, which
would have been a mistake. This was just Collins’ clever way of making

readers wait before unfolding the gripping mystery. Behind the story, the
readers also uncover the truth about the morals of Victorian England. It’s

definitely well worth reading and inspiring.

Summarise your opinion of the book at the Use adjectives to describe the
end of your review. Give an overall writer or writer’s style.
recommendation.

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Book review questions

1. Your school librarian has asked your class to write reviews of novels for the library blog. Write
a review of a novel you have read for the blog.
Here are some comments from your friends about novels they have read.

The characters were believable The setting was difficult to imagine
and interesting

Write a review for the website. The comments above may give you some ideas, and you can
also use some ideas of your own.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Let’s look at a sample answer.

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini has to be the most devastatingly beautiful book I’ve
had the pleasure of reading. Set in 20th century Afghanistan, it tells the story of how a
young boy’s friendship is tested by war and betrayal. The characters in the novel is very
much interesting.
Amir, the son of a wealthy Afghan, shares a close friendship with their household servant’s
son, Hassan. But a fateful kite-flying competition tethers their bond, and as war forces
them to part ways, the boys’ lives take them on a journey of love and redemption.
The book made me realise how precious yet fragile the relationships we build are; and that
we must always take a chance on our loved ones. It taught me the importance of the people
in our lives and how they shape us to be who we are.
The Kite Runner is a beautifully narrated tale, the writing just as simple as it is heart-
breaking, the characters realistically portrayed.

I would definitely recommend this book to those who enjoy character-driven stories set in

troubled times. (180 words)

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Concert review

1. You recently went to see a concert or other live performance with some friends from your
school.
Here are some of your friends’ comments about the performance.

It was magnificent It was rather slow at
times

Write a review for your school magazine giving your views. The comments may give you some ideas,
but you should try to use some ideas of your own.

Your review should be between 150 and 200 words long.

If you want to be feel excited, scared and sad all at once, I suggest you go and see ‘The
Silver Song’ a the Moonlight Theatre. Although one of us said that the musical was a little
slow at times, most of us thought it was magnificent.

The heroine is played by Inara Ansar, who gave a sparking performance in the role of
Lily, a likeable teenager with musical talent. Her family are too poor to pay for singing lessons,
but, one day, when she is working for rich family, a visitor tot eh house offers her a job in
his theatre. It is a dream come true, but sadly, Lily is son drawn into a criminal underworld.

I won’t spoil the ending for you, but my whole family were on the edge of their seats.
The singing is also memorable, especially in the scene where Lily has to leave her parents to
start her hew life. The costumes were really impressive too.

The ‘Silver song’ is a masterpiece. It has superb music, appealing songs, engaging

humour, powerful performances and witty dialogue. So don’t miss out! (200 words)

The Jonas Brothers gave a gorgeous concert in my town last week. It was part of their
tour in of order to promote their new album. It was on Sunday night at Pagrition Stadium,
with a capacity crowd.

It was a brilliant performance. The audience were cheering and applauding bringing the
house down. The crowd went wild when they played their hit “SOS”. Suddenly, Kevin, the
oldest of the three brothers, threw his guitar and everyone was shocked. Generally, the
atmosphere was very energetic. The lights didn’t stop trying on and off and the sounds that
the mixer table made were really cool. I loved their final encore. It was favourite song,
“When You Look Me in the Eyes”.

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However, there were two little problems. First, the music sometimes went in slow pace,
which lagged the flow. Also, some fans wanted to get near the stage but the security guards
pushed them back and there was a small fight which fortunately didn’t last long.

Apart from that, the evening was marvelous. I’d definitely recommend Jonas Brothers
(JB) to everyone who likes pop music. If they visit you, don’t miss their concert. You won’t
regret it! (195 words)

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Activity – Multiple matching. Scan these 8 short reviews and match them with statements 1-7. There is
extra review.

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F
E
D
C
H
A
G

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REPORT WRITING

You will be given a particular context and asked to write a report on it. You are expected to
write 150-200 words, and the exercise is worth 16 marks.

Let’s look at a sample question:

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Follow these steps to answer the question:

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EXAMINER TIP 1





EXAMINER TIP 2

EXAMINER TIP 3

EXAMINER TIP 4

EXAMINER TIP 5

EXAMINER TIP 6

EXAMINER TIP 7

EXAMINER TIP 8

Sample questions

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Ref: (Success International)

Relating to your target audience

Your email, report, review or article should reflect the interest of those who are going to read it.
These are called your ‘target audience’.

For example: school pupils, elderly people, the general public, the head teacher, your teacher.

1. Most of us already have problems getting to school on time. The proposed cuts to the bus
service will make things even worse. I suggest we have an urgent meeting to discuss a plan of
action in the Common Room next Wednesday lunchtime. (School magazine for school pupils)

2. To sum up, our visit to the environment centre to see bicycles being made from recycled metal
and rubber was so worthwhile. If we could have permission for another visit later this term, our
class would love to go again. (Formal report to the head teacher)

Writing a report for the head teacher on a new facility

Students at your school have recently been provided with an outdoor covered seating area.
Students can sit under the covered area at break times if they wish. Your head teacher wants to
find out what students think of their new facility. He would also like to know if it would be good
idea to construct a similar covered area for the youngest students (8 – 12 years)

Write a report to your head teacher, giving your views.

Plan to be written in blank page or under the question with pencil only

Plan

Introduction

1. My reason for writing this report: asked for by the head teacher

Main paragraphs

1. protection from hot sun / some students concerned about sun damage
2. very useful in recent stormy weather / heavy rain / thankful we can go under cover
3. small tables are useful for packed lunches / writing
4. new friendships made as students form wider range of classes and defendant ages mix.
5. peaceful in this part of the school grounds / can hear the birdsong / enjoy nature / relax properly.
6. return to school refreshed / right mood to study.

Negative points of the facility
1. some distance form main building / quite a long walk
2. fixed seats – inconvenient for friendship groups / chatting
3. not enough recycling bins – litter / insects / smells

Conclusion
1. popular with students
2. recommend similar facility for young children
3. near to the water tanks
4. consider adding seats not fixed to ground

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The tone of the report is important. It should sound respectful as is for the head teacher, but
should also be direct and honest about the positive and negative aspects – this is expected in

a report. There is no need to express thanks to the head teacher.

The register is semi-formal

Language features:

Opening paragraph: I am writing because … , listing the positive arguments: in addition, …,
Furthermore, …, Presenting negative points: However, …, The only thing that could be
improved is, …, concluding paragraph: In conclusion, …, I believe, …, I would recommend,…,
I suggest that, …

Modal answer

A report for the head teacher on the new facility at school

I have been asked by our headteacher, Mr George, to write a report on the new covered area
from the students’ point of view.

Firstly, the covered area gives us protection when the sun is very hot. Some students have
become concerned about sun damage, especially those who gave studied climate change and the
greenhouse effect in science lessons. In addition, we have had stormy, unpredictable weather
recently and the students say they are thankful that they can go under cover in wet weather.

The small tables that are provided are helpful when we want to eat our lunch or do some
homework. Furthermore, students are mixing outside their normal friendship circles because a wide
range of students from different ages and classes come to enjoy the protection of the shaded area.
We can all enjoy nature and hear birdsong. We go back to our lesson feeling refreshed and in just the
right mood to study.

In conclusion, I believe this is a successful facility and very popular with students. I would

recommend a similar facility for the younger children, and suggest this is situated near the water

fountain so that the young ones can drink water when they are thirsty. (201 words)

Writing a report on a proposal for the benefit of elderly people

In your neighbourhood, there is a very large open area which young people use for ball games.
The council is proposing to dig up the area and plant a garden with benches for elderly people.
Your local council has asked for a report which represent the views of the people who will be
affected.

Write a report for the council, giving your views.

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Plan
Paragraph one: introduction
Points in favour
1. flower garden attractive / would brighten up area / flowers and plants provide a habitat for a wide

variety of insect life.

2. some old people lonely / have no meeting place / garden would provide focal point for meeting each
other.

3. trees welcome / provide shade / reduce pollution and noise levels / provide protection against wind
Points against
1. young people need opportunity to practise ball games / most live in flats
2. local football and netball teams cannot practice / morale and team confidence will sink
3. young people meet friends, watch matches, enjoy themselves here / vandalism might be a problem.
Final paragraph
Area is very large. Council can plant garden on one side for elderly people / other side for teenagers

Report for the council of the proposed garden

The council has asked for a report representing the views of the residents of Antalya
Place about the proposal to dig up the paved area and create a flower garden for elderly
people.

First, there could be many benefits to the proposal. A flower garden would be attractive
and brighten up a drab area. Also, the flowers and plants would be a habitat for a wide
variety of insects. In addition, old people in the area say they are often a bit lonely and they
have no meeting place. So the garden would be a pleasant place for them to relax in.
Furthermore, the trees would provide welcome shade, reduce pollution and noise levels and
give some protection on windy days.

However, many young people live in flats and have nowhere to play ball games. Also, local
teams won’t be successful if they cannot practise, so team confidence will sink. At present
teenagers use the area to meet friends and watch matches. If young people lose this area,
they will be very disappointed and even resentful.

In conclusion, I believe that fairest solution is for the council to divide the area into two.

One part could become the flower garden for the elderly people and the other part could be

left for the young people to socialise and play ball games. (221 words)

Maryam Al-Fyed

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Each year Cheng’s school raises funds for whorthwhile projects. This year the head teacher is
thinking about giving the funds to help an expediton of young exploreres going to Antarctica.
The head teacher has asked Cheng, who is a student representative, to write a report saying
that whether he thinks this would be the best way to use the funds.

Report for the headteacher on using the fund

This report will consider the pros and cons of supporting the young explorers going to
Antarctica. I have spoken to other students in my year to find out their views and these are given
in the report.

The positive points of supporting the expedition are that, firstly, the people taking part are
from our town, so we would be helping local people. In addition, many of us admire the explorers
because they are prepared to take risks and are testing themselves to the limits. Their courage is
s shining example and encourages us to think about the importance of having challenging projects
ourselves.

On the other hand, a few students have said it would be better to give the money to the
Town Emergency Services rather than a group of teenagers who want to have fun. Also, the trip
might end in disaster. While it is true that exploring the coast of Antarctica is dangerous, in my
view, the people going on the expedition are taking the project seriously.

To sum up, I believe that we should support the expedition. The explorers deserve our help.

The project is worthwhile and at school we are looking forward to reading the Antarctic Expedition

blog. [202 words]

Now it’s your turn

Exam style question

There are proposals to develop a river near your home. A marina would be built, and tourists
would be encouraged to come and use the river for boating and fishing. The council has asked
you to write a report saying what do you think of this idea?

Here are some comments from local people.

“The development will create jobs, which we need”

“Engine oil and litter from boats will pollute the water”

“The plants that grow in the water will help to absorb pollution. Many of them will
die if the river becomes developed’

“The river is in a beautiful, relaxing setting. It’s only right to encourage more people to
benefit from the tranquillity of the area”

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“Local people use the plants in the river as row material for making things,
such as reeds for making baskets. We will lose a valuable source of raw
material if the river is developed “
“Our area needs to become more modern and to progress. Developing the river will help us
achieve this aim’
Write a report for the council, giving your views.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Question
1. There are plans to build an airport near your town. Here are some comments from local
newspaper readers on the topic.

“There will be many benefits for our economy”
“A new airport will be disastrous for the environment”

Write a report for your local newspaper outlining your views on the proposal. The comments may
give you some ideas, but you should try to use some ideas of your own. You should write
between 150 and 200 words.
[Extended 16 marks]

2. Your class has been involved in a nature project. The students helped to create a garden in
the school grounds, which included an area for growing vegetables. Your head teacher would
like you to write a report explaining the success of the project and suggesting ideas for future
projects

Here are some comments from students in your class.

“We learnt so much about nature”

“It was an interesting project, but it wasn’t much fun being out in the cold
and rain all day”

Write a report for the head teacher.

[Extended 16 marks]

3. You are the organiser of a school club, ‘Save the world’. The school recently paid for the club
to visit an environmental centre. Your head teacher has asked you to write a report saying
whether you think the visit was worthwhile.

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Here are some comments from students.
“Seeing old car tyres made into shoes was fascinating”
“The introductory talk was too long, and difficult to follow”
Write a report for the head teacher giving your views.
[Extended 16 marks]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Report for the headteacher on visit to the environmental centre

Our visit to the centre was very interesting. First, we watched a film about recycling and then
listened to a long talk about climate change.

After that we were taken on a tour of the workshops. It was fascinating to see how things you
think are worthless are carefully collected, stored and recycled into useful items. We saw old car tyres
being make into shoes and tried some of them on. Mr. Barway even bought a pair for his son as they
were so comfortable. We were told that the money goes to support charities that clean up our rivers
and beaches.

Finally, we made some recycled items ourselves. I made a photograph frame from wood for my
mum and other people made necklace from glass beads and old plastic bags. The items we made were
lovely, and knowing we were helping the environment made them even more special.

We all enjoyed the visit, though the talk was hard to understand, so perhaps future groups could

miss that and spend more time making recycled items. On the way home, we all agreed we would try

to recycle more, as it is easier than we thought. (195 words)

Junaid,

Organiser of the school club ‘Save the world’

4. Your school plans to organisie an adventure holilday for next summer. Your teacher has asked
you to write a report on possible destinations. In your report, suggest places to go and say which
one might be best for your age group and why.

Here are some comments from your classmates.

“I think we should go sailing. Imagine learning how to sail on the Atlantic!”

“Could we go as far as South America? It would be great to travel into the Amazon Rainforest.”

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Write a report to your teacher.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Your class recently attended a special course in survival skills. Your head teacher asked you
to write a report about the course. In your report say what you thought of the course and suggest
ways it could be improved.

Here are some comments from students:
“we learnt useful skills such as how to build shelters and catch fish”

“ The course was quite interesting, but it was a bit too long.”
“The survival skills were difficult to learn.”

“The course taught us all a lot about how to survive to do in really difficult
situations”

6. Your school recently went on a visit to explore some underground caves. Here are some
comments from students about the trip.
“We loved exploring a placed that so few people had seen before”
“The caves were too dark and silent”
Write a report for the headteacher giving your views on the visit. These comments may give
you some ideas but you should try to use some ideas of your own.

[Detailed technical knowledge of underground caves is not expected, any reasonable
description of the challenges of exploring caves would be sufficient.]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School

Answer 80
Report for the Head Teacher on visit to a cave

When we arrived, the caves looked ordinary, but when we went inside,

we were amazed at the strange atmosphere. It was a sunny day but inside

the caves it was so dark and silent. Some of us found that scary, but I didn’t

mind because we had torches and the guide had a big flashing light too.

We followed the guide who led us down some very steep entrance steps,

reminding us to hold on tightly to a safety rope. She explained that the

caves were ancient but had only been discovered recently and they are

important for our eco system. During the walk, to our surprise, occasionally

there was not enough space to stand up, so we had to crawl slowly like

turtles.

When we finished exploring, we got ice creams and sat outside in the

sunshine. Some classmates admitted they had felt panic at first, thinking

something could go wrong and there would be a disaster underground.

Gradually, however, we realised that the caves were mysterious but sage.

Overall, it was wonderful exploring a place very few people had seen

before. It was cold though, so I would advise next year’s group to bring

warm jackets for their visit. (200 words)

7. Each year Ken’s school raises funds for charity. This year the head teacher is considering
using the funds raised to adopt a zoo animal. Ken is a student organiser of the wildlife club and
the head teacher has asked him to write a report saying whether adopting a zoo animal is the
best way for the school to help wildlife.

Use the notes below.

Points in favour of using our funds to adopt a zoo animal

 Queen’s Zoo is our local zoo – has an adoption scheme

 opportunity to adopt from a wide range of animals
 get plaque at the zoo with the school’s name on it

 get discounts on zoo entrance tickets
 gift shop – discounts

 invitations to special events (e.g. see new born animal)
 zoo uses our money to support breeding programmes for endangered species – returned to

wild when ready

Points against

Adopting a zoo animal means we cannot help other conservation project:

 destruction of the rainforest – projects create a safe haven for wildlife

 projects to care for animals threatened by poaching

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Conclusion

Wildlife club – special meeting. Result: in favour of adopting a zoo animal, possibly a tiger or a
tamarin monkey. Younger children love seeing / learning about a real live wild animal. Older
students – more information science projects / benefits those wanting careers in science

Structure

Structure the report into paragraphs. Use strong opening and final paragraphs. Use clauses to
make sentences more complex.

Tone and register

Your report is for the head teacher. It should sound calm and fair. You should use opinion
language to introduce your views, but be careful to provide clear evidence for your opinions.

Make the report suitable for the audience

The head teacher is the audience for this report. So try to link the report to the head teacher’s
concerns and priorities.

8. Your class recently visited an electronic zoo. Your head teacher has asked you to write a
report on the visit.

Here are some comments made by students who went on the trip.

“It was so exciting. Just like a real zoo – only better!”

“It was crowded and some of the equipment was broken’

Write a report for the head teacher giving your views and saying whether you would
recommend the trip for next year’s group.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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9. Your class recently went on a trip to a careers event. The head teacher has asked you to
write about what you learn from the event and to suggest how it could be improved for next
year’s group, if the trip is repeated.

Here are some comments from your classmates about the trip.

“We were given helpful information about the skills employers look for”

“We did not find out what training courses are available in our area”

Write a report for the head teacher.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Example Answer

Report for the Headteacher on trip to the careers event

Our trip to the careers event was exciting. Mrs. Azar took us into a large room where
local business people were sitting at tables. She explained that we could ask them for
information about the company they represented. She said they wouldn’t mind if we didn’t
know what we wanted to do in the future, and would be happy to answer any questions.

This made us all feel confident. I would like a job in art and design and I was told by a
food manufacturer that they have designers who design appealing packaging for their
products. She showed me some amazing examples on their website. She also said no one
starts their first job after school with a lot of experience, so I shouldn’t worry. When they
choose new employees, they select applicants who are polite, enthusiastic and willing to learn.

All in all, it was a rewarding and eye-opening day. Some of us would have liked to find out
more about possible training courses, so if the visit is repeated for next year’s group, it
would be useful to have someone from the local college who could tell us about those.
(193 words)

10. Your head teacher is considering two possibilities for students in your class. They could log
onto an online international careers event OR the class could go out to a local careers event. As
class representative, the head teacher wants to know your views before making her decision.

Here are some comments from students on the proposal.

“We will learn more from the online event as many of us want to have a career abroad”

“We would prefer to go to the local event as we would have the chance to make a good impression
on employers”

Write a report for the head teacher, giving your views.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11. Li’s class has recently visited an animal sanctuary.

The head teacher asked her to write a report about the visit.

Report for the Head Teacher on visit to an animal sanctuary

Our class visit to the animal sanctuary to see the giant panda and the newborn cubs
was so thrilling. We were all looking forward to it so much. All of us felt we knew a lot
about the cubs before the visit.

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Mrs. Lun told us about the way in which in the wild, a mother who has twins may
struggle to feed both babies and may abandon one them. In the zoo, however, staff will
take one cub to the incubator while the mother feeds the other one. It was amazing to
see this happen in real life.

We all wanted to take photographs, and everyone was able to get fantastic pictures
of cubs. We also saw how the cubs trying to move by pushing their legs backwards. We
were told they only weighed about 113 grams when they were born. We don’t know their
names because they will not be named until they are 100 days old.

On the way back to school, we decided to upload the photos onto the school website.
Mrs.Lun suggested we also write a fun online quiz based on the notes the staff gave us.

We all appreciated the experience so much and I recommend to visit the sanctuary.

Li (206 words)

Report for the Head Teacher on work experience

We all really appreciated our work experience at Le Yung Motorcycles. At first, students
didn’t want to do work experience because we had a stereotyped idea of what working in a
factory is like. We thought the factory was going to be noisy and dirty and we would be
desperate for the day to end. In fact, we found that a modern factory like Le Yung
Motorcycles is clean and pleasant, and the machines were quiet.

After being shown around the factory, to our surprise, we were told we could operate
some of the machines ourselves. We felt proud as we walked through the door marked ‘Staff
only’ and were given our special work uniforms. I personally loved working with the supervisor,
Mr. Zu, who operated a large machine used to repair damaged engines, and I know other
studetns had similar good experiences.

Everyone in the company encouraged us to think of engineering as a career with many
possibilities. Since doing work experience, I have become interested in doing an engineering
degree and others in the group are thinking of jobs in marketing, design or sales for an
engineering company.

Fatima Al-Sultana
Year 11

Success International

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11. A youth group you volunteer with has been raising funds for charity. Your teacher has
suggested you to write a report describing your activities. In your report explain why the group
wanted to raise funds for charity and describe what the funds will be used for.

Here are some comments from other volunteers
“We know that the funds we raise van be used for many different projects”
“It would be good if more people would volunteer in their free time”

Write a report for your teacher, giving your views.

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ARTICLE WRITING

Ten things to know about article writing

1. The reader is identified: An article is like a direct conversation with the reader. The exam
question might tell you who your readers are. For example, the students at a school, or
the people living in a town or people who are interested in sports. Everything you write
must speak to that reader and engage their interest right from the first sentence.

2. It has to be interesting: For an article to work, it has to be engaging enough to read all the
way through. Remember how bored the examiner must be after reading fifty exam papers.
Make it easier for them to get a good impression about your writing by entertaining them.
Add humour, real life or made up examples, or make up quotes.

3. It has to be easy to read: Organise your ideas. The planning stage is vital for this. Spend
around 5 minutes to brainstorm your ideas. Failing to plan essays is one of the biggest
reasons candidates fail their writing exam.

Why brainstorming?

 It gives you a structure to follow and ideas to include so you actually save time
while writing. You don't want to have to think about writing correct English and
varying your vocabulary at the same time as coming up with ideas!

 If you run out of time at the end of the exam, at least you have some notes which
you could quickly add as sentences to round off the final couple of paragraphs.
This way the examiner can see that you had a complete idea and a conclusion for
your essay, so you'll lose fewer marks for organisation and cohesion.

How to brainstorm?

The point of brainstorming is that ALL your ideas go down on paper. You select
the good ones afterwards. Turn off the "editor" in your head and just write whatever
comes into your mind on the topic.

Write two points – agree and disagree in your plan. Then choose the strongest
arguments. Cross out the ideas you are not writing.

4. Write a good ending: In an essay you sum up the points that have gone before and draw
a conclusion from that. But in an article, it's better to give the reader something to think
about, perhaps by asking them another question or giving them a call to action. Often, the
best endings link back to the starting point in some way.

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5. Keep the world limit. Your response shouldn’t be too short or more than the required word
limit. Both will lead to mark reduction.

6. Use of linking words: Don’t just regard extended writing as a chance to show how many
linking words and phrases you know. It is important to write fluently, and link your ideas
using phrases, sentences, and then paragraphs. But it’s also important that your whole
piece of writing makes sense, reads nicely and answers the question, addressing each
of the prompts.

7. Stick to the task!: It’s quite easy to wander away from the original prompts. It might help
if you look back and read the question/prompts again after you finish each paragraph.

8. Use the right tone: use appropriate tone considering the content and the audience.
9. Use of prompts: Don’t miss out one of the prompts (bullet points). You will lose marks if

you don’t respond to each of the points (there are usually three). Also, make sure that
you have the appropriate structure in your longer pieces of writing – a beginning, a middle
section (where you perhaps develop your piece by adding examples) and an ending.
10. A little bit of general advice: try to grab the reader’s attention right from the start, and write
in a lively manner.

Common mistakes students make in articles

 They don’t use examples.
 They either use not enough or too many questions. The questions, called rhetorical

questions, shouldn’t be more than one in a paragraph. Good examples are:
 Have you ever …?
 What do you think about …?
 Are you one of those people who thinks that …?
 Are you one among the millions who believe that …?
 What would life be like if …?
 Will the future bring us …?

 Time fixer phrases
 Phrases for introducing points
 Phrases for joining points
 Phrases for adding support
 Phrases for making generalisations
 Formal language structures

- Suggestion
- Opinion
- Views and arguments

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When writing formally, it is often good style to begin the introduction with a time fixer, such as
one from the selection below:
Nowadays
These says
Until now

Every day / week/ year
Recently
For many years

In the past
Ten years ago
In the last few days/ weeks/ months/years

Look at these examples:

Thirty years ago, nearly all children went to single sex schools.

For many years, environmentalists have been warning about the effects of global
warming.

Nowadays, most teenagers own a mobile phone.

Introducing points

In the first place, point is that Finally,
Firstly, Lastly,
The main The last point …
The most important The final reason …
The first To sum up,

Secondly, In conclusion / To
Another point… conclude
Another reason …
The final reason …

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In formal writing, there are certain ways to join points together, or add more points of the same
kind.
When joining similar points, use the following addition words:
Furthermore,
Moreover,
Besides,

e.g Regular exercise is beneficial fo rhealth. Moreover, it may result in weight reduciton.
(Both sentences are poistive)

Smoking can serioulsy damage health,. Furthermore, it is an anti-social habit.
(Both sentences are negative)

when joining contrasing points, or beginnng a nrew paragraph that introduces an
opposite opinion, use the following concession words:

Note: each of the above phrases begins a sentence

e.g. Tourism represents a significant contribution to the national economy. However, it is
argued that large numbers of tourists can damage the environment.

(The first sentence is positive and the second sentence is negative)

In formal writing, it is not apropriate to personalise because you are not writing for a reader
who knows you. The style is impersonal throughout.

This means that support in formal writing is factual, and can be introduced in many ways,

including the following: Consequently …
This means that … Therefore …
As a result … Because …
This may lead to … , which means that
…Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School
Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language

89

Generalisations

Sometimes a minor modification can make a big difference to your sentence. Some statements
can sound very dull. For example:

Tourists drop litter.

One of the simplest ways is to use one of the following generalisations, at the beginning of the
sentence. This makes it more acceptable to the English ear. Your sentence will also sound more
convincing.

Almost all In almost all cases tourists drop litter
A / The vast majority of In the majority of cases
A large number of In a large number of cases
Most many In most cases
Some tourists drop litter In many cases
A few In some cases
Not many In a few cases
Hardly any On the whole

In a few cases *Note
On the whole Look at these examples:
Almost all teenagers enjoy watching television. Generalisations are also helpful
A vast majority of teenagers enjoy watching television. in summaries of reading
In many cases, pollution is the result of ignorance. passages that contain figures,
numbers or statistics.

The most important tools needed for formal writing are the formal language structures
themselves.

In the exam, the question will usually contain a function word, for example: opinion, views,
arguments or suggestions.

One of the most effective ways to study formal writing is through learning various phrases
associated with selected language functions. For example, consider theses waysof making
suggestions:

In order to reduce pollution, the government should increase tax on petrol.

(This is a simple structure in terms of grammar)

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Surely it would be a good idea if the government increased tax on petrol.
(This is a more advanced structure using the second conditional with the past tense)
It is high time the government increased tax on petrol.
(This is the advanced structure using the phrase ‘it is high time’ with the past tense)

* Remember

Any structure that you intend to learn specifically for exam purposes must be learnt
thoroughly, through practice until you are confident that you can reproduce it accurately.
This takes time.

Articles you may be asked to write in the exam covers the following categories.
 Opinions and suggestions
 Views and arguments
 Problem and solutions

There are usually several keywords or phrases in the question that indicate the type of answer
and the range of phrases the examiner is expected you to write. Check does it contain one of
the following underlined phrases.

 Give your opinion
 Say what you think about
 Give your view

There are several ways of giving your opinion in formal register:

In my opinion,

In my view,

Personally,
It seems to me that …

As far as I am concerned,

As I see it,

The following examples show how the above phrases can be used:

In my opinion, sportis very important for our health.

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In my view, single sex schools allow students to concentrate fully o their studies.

Personally, I feel that sport should be part of everyday school time table.

As far as I am concerned, it is high time we began to respect the environment.

As I see it, schools have responsibility to educate children about the dangers of taking drugs.

In an opinion article only one view point is expressed. Every composition should be planned.

Use the fowwowing basic plan for every composition – Explain the importance of the subject
you have been asked to write about.
1. General introduction – explain the importance of the subject you have been asked to

write about. Put forward your own opinion
2. Support - Explain the first reason for your opinion.
3. Support - Explain the second reason for your opinion.
4. Conclusion – Sumamrise and write your opinion, include a suggestion if possible.

Expanding the plan

First paragraph

This is a general introduction which expalins the importance of the subject. Put forward your
own opinion.

 Time fixers
 Generalisations
 Opinion phrases

Second paragraph
Support – explain the reason for your opinion Introduce it with one of the following phrases.
First / In the first place / First of all,

Third paragraph
Support – explain the second reason for your opinion.

Introduce it with the phrases like: Another reason.

Fourth paragraph

Conclusion – Summarise and write your opinion. Include a suggestion if possible. Make sure
you include the following:

Phrases to introduce conclusion:

To sum up / To conclude / In conclusion

Opinion phrases

In my opinion / I believe that / Perdonslly / In my view

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Suggestion phrases
It would be great idea if + past tense
e.g. It would be a great idea if the government introduced new curriculum.

In an opinion composition it is important to write about either the good things or the
bad things, but not both. (If you include both, then you would be writing a views and
arguments composition)

So, before you start writing your answer, make a list of points in favour and against.
Choose which one you can write more with supporting points.

Example question

The following is an example question from past paper.

Zoos are cruel to animals and should be closed down. What do you think?

*Remember

Use the basic plan

Use as much relevant vocabulary as possible.

Example answer

Paragraph 1

General introducation explaining the importance of conservation

Nowadays (time fixer) a significatnt number ( generalisaiton) of naturalists have been

compaigning agaisnt zoos ( explain what the problem is) arguiing that (views and argumetns) it

is curel to keep wild animals in cages, away from their natural environment. However, (joining
point – contrast) like many other people, (generalisation) I believe that zoos have a positive role

to play. (42 words)

Paragraph 2

Explain the first reason for your opinion.

First of all, (introducing point) many species (generalisation) of canial are in danger ofextinction

because their natural habitat is desappearing, due to deforestation (support). Some, like the

elephant, (example) are hunted for their ivory or the tiger for their skins. Therefore, if animals

are kept in captivity they can breed in safety, which will prevent the species from dying out

(support). (56 words)

Paragraph 3

Explain the second reson for your opinion.

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Another reason (joining points – addition) for keeping animals in captivity is that it gives many of
us a chance to see animals from all round the world without having to travel (support). A trip to
the zoo is an example way to spend a day out because we can enjoy ourselves and learn about
animals at the same time (support).

(55 words)

Paragraph 4

Conclusion
To sum up, (introducing point) in my opinion (opinion) zoos should not be closed down
(suggestion) because they are beneficial both to humans and to animals (support).

(22 words)
(Total: 175 words)
Exercise 1

Using the plans and information above, write your own answer.

There are usually several key words or phrases in the exam question that indicate the type of
answer and the range of phrases the examiner is expecting you to write. Read the question
carefully. Does it contain one of the following underlined phrases?

Put forward your views and arguments

Put forward your ideas and arguments

Put forward your opinions and arguments

If so, then the phrases the examiner certainly expects to see will include those for putting forward
views and arguments.

There are several ways of putting forward views and arguments in formal register, including:

1 One of the main arguments in favour of (something) is that …
The main argument against

2 Some people would argue that

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3 think that
Many people feel
believe

4 It can be argued that …

Every composition should be planned. In a views and arguments article, the word ‘argument’
indicates that you must show both points of view. Use the following basic plan for every
views and arguments article.

1. General introduction explaining the importance of the subjects you have been asked to
write.

2. Put forward one side of the issue being argued – for example, the argument infovour.
3. Put forward the other side of the issue being argued – for example, the argument against.
4. Conclusion – put forward your personal opinion.

Example question 1

Now look at the following views and arguments article, based on a question from a past exam
paper.

There is a plan to build a wind farm in your area to provide electricity for the local population
Put forward your views and arguments concerning the project

Paragraph 1

General introduction explaining the importance of the subject.

Until now, (time fixer) power generation has relied on natural resources, such as coal, gas and

oil (examples). As these supplies begin to run out, scientists have been investigating alternative

methods of producing electricity, such as windmills (link to the main topic) (34 words)

Paragraph 2

Introduce one point of view.

One of the main arguments against windmills is that (views and arguments) they are an eyesore,
and spoil areas of natural beauty. This may lead to a reduction of tourism, which would be bad
for the local economy (support). Moreover, (joining points –addition) many people

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(generalization) are concerned that the windmills are not only a distraction to motorists, but that

the noise they make may disturb the local wildlife. (Support). (60 words)

Paragraph 3

Introduce the opposite view point

On the other hand, (joining points – contrast) the main argument in favour of windmills is that
(views and arguments) they will provide a much more reliable power supply to remote areas and
consequently small industries will be established which will provide employment for local people
(support) and at the same time (joining points – addition) boost the economy (support)

(47 words)

Paragraph 3

Conclusion

In conclusion, (introducing point) I believe that (opinion) it would be a good idea if (suggestion)

plans for the windmill farm went ahead, as they pose no threat to the environment (support) in

terms of air pollution and they would certainly be more attractive than a conventional power

station (support). (44 words)

(Total: 185 words)

Example question 2

The governors of your school have decided that all students should take part in competitive team
sports. Write an article giving your views and arguments.

Example answer 2

*Remember

Never drive directly into the topic. Always begin outside the topic. Then move into exact topic
in consideration.

Paragraph 1

General introduction explaining the importance of the subject.

Nowadays (time fixer) due to the media and awareness campaigns, the vast majority of people

(generalization) realize the importance of exercise, and the benefits it can have on health

(explain the importance of the issue and the effect it has). In an effort to promote this idea a large

number of (generalisaiton) schools want to make participation in team sports compulsory (link

to the main topic). (46 words)

Paragraph 2

Introduce one point of view

One of the main arguments against (views and arguments) anything compulsory is that when a
student is forced into something, he will not be an enthusiastic participant, and this may weaken

Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School

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the performance of his team (support). Consequently, he could become unpopular, isolated

socially, or even become a victim of bullying (support). (47 words)

Paragraph 3

Introduce the opposite point of view

On the other hand, (joining points – contrast), many people (generalization) many people would

argue that (views and arguments) sport makes us fit and gives us energy. In order to (support)

have a healthy mind in a healthy body. Sport should be (suggestion) a compulsory subject on

every school timetable. Furthermore (joining points) it is a fact that (views and arguments) team

sport encourages co-operation and promotes social interaction (support) (52 words)

Paragraph 4

Conclusion

To sum up (introducing point), in my opinion (opinion) it would be a god idea if (suggestion) team

sports were made compulsory in school to establish healthy habits early in life, and to prevent

students from becoming unfit due to laziness (support) (37 words)

(Total: 182 words)

SCHOOL MAGAZINE ARTICLES

Articles for a school magazine are mainly written by students for students. In other words
for people about the same age as you and with almost the age as you and with almost
the same education, background, culture, ideas and outlook on life as you. It is like writing
to a large number of friends all at once!

The right approach

When writing a school magazine article, bear in mind the following:
 Do not give the impression that you are an expert and the readers know nothing.
 Be enthusiastic. Whatever you write must be something you are enthusiastic about and
firmly believe in because contributions to the school magazine are voluntary.

 Be convincing. If you want your article to be printed in the magazine, it must be written in
a convincing way because not every contribution is automatically included.

 Be interesting. Remember that most of the readers are at school with you and know the
things you know, so be careful not to give them a lesson.

Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School

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 Personalize. Emphasise any points you have in common with your readers (attitude to
parents, school work, friends, for example). Try to replace I whenever possible with we.
This has the effect of personalizing the article and making the reader feel involved.

Register in school magazine articles

The register (or the level of language) used in a school magazine article can vary. Much depends
on how serious the topic is. Some topics can be treated in a light-hearted way and can be written
in informal (friendly) register. Other topics are more serious and will need formal register.
Sometimes the language needed may fall halfway between the two registers.

Format of a school magazine article

 Title
 Introduction
 Body
 Conclusion

Let’s look at each stage in detail.

Title

Always give the article a title, and underline it. Make it interesting. From the very beginning, show
the examiner that you know exactly what you are doing. Try to think of an effective, interesting
title. Compare the two following titles:

How to Prepare for Exams

Exam Nerves Cure

The first title sound boring, dull and uninteresting because the readers have already got many
advice from teachers, parents or even elders.
The second title, on the other hand, looks more interesting. Perhaps you might have an exam
nerves. It is always reassuring to find how such situation is dealing with.
Unfortunately, good titles do not always come into your mind just when you need them. You will
find that with practice, titles will come to you more easily than you may think. Read as many
English newspapers or teenage magazines or articles even in past papers as possible and take
note of the titles. Look at some more titles.

Summer Holidays Loom

TV: The Teenagers Viewpoint

Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School

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Article Questions

As part of the Earth Day celebration, you have been discussing the idea of keeping animals in
zoos. You have now decided to write an article for the school magazine.
Here are some comments from students about the idea.

Zoos wrongly teach children that The majority of zoos provide a
keeping animals in captivity for safe and enriched environment
entertainment is acceptable for animals that would otherwise
become extinct in the wild.

Write an article for your school magazine giving your views.

Your article should be between 150 and 200 words long.

[Before start writing, it is important to think for a while. You should try and think of some ideas
and plan in what order you want to write those ideas. This will make your writing more organized
and easier for other people to read.]

Plan

Introduction:
Rhetorical question:

Ideas for:

Ideas against:

conclusion

Sample answer:

ARE ZOOS BAD FOR ANIMALS?

For a long time, the show of animals was a status of wealth and power. But today
animals are kept in zoos for conservation rather than a status symbol. Are zoos a safe place
for animals? Is confinement of wild animals be justifiable?

To begin with, today many species of animals are in the edge of extinction. If they
are not protected in a safe place, they will no more be in this world. Similarly, they will not be
affected by habitat lose, or threat from poachers, predators and starvation. Moreover, zoos
provide an opportunity for education and entertainment. For instance, students can observe

Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School

99

the way they behave. In addition, zoos rehabilitate those exotic pets that people no longer
be able to care for.

However, some people say that animals should not be kept in confinement since they
are born in the wild. As long as they are in the zoos, their freedom of movement has been
lost. They need a lot of space to move around. For example, elephants roam a long distance
on a daily basis. Although it is true, today elephants are threatened species and are heavily
poached for ivory. Therefore, keeping them in the zoos would rescue them from these
dangers.

In conclusion, my contention is that zoos are a better home for animals. Next
generation can see them rather than read in the stories as the species lived before. Captive
breeding will increase their number.

Reading an article for the school website [Success International #199]

Hammerton High School paid a visit to a zoo. After the visit, Michael wrote about the trip for his
school website. Read his report below. How does his impression of the zoo compare with your
own experiences?

Can zoos ever be animal-friendly?

The theme of our last class discussion was ‘How can zoos provide animals with a descent life?’ Everyone
except me (I just wasn’t sure) believed it was impossible for zoos to give animals the environment they
need. Mr Hennessy suggested that, now the exams are over, actually visiting a modern zoo might give us
wider perspective.

I went to the zoo with an open mind and was pleasantly surprised by what I found. In our debate, many
people had said that zoos are full of smelly cages containing animals with miserable, hunted-looking
expressions. Metro Park Zoo, however, was set in an attractive, open environment. Trees and bushes had
been planted around the enclosures. Small ponds had been dug out so the animals had access to water.
In my opinion, the animals were peaceful rather than depressed.

As we entered, we were given information packs about the origins and habits of the animals. The zoo takes
a lot of trouble to keep the animals’ diet, living quarters and social groupings as natural as possible. Vets
are on hand if they become ill.

At school, some people had accused zoos of exploiting animals for profit but at Metro Park, as I see it,
nothing could be further from the truth. Most of the profits are used to improve conditions at the zoo or
donated to charities for endangered species.

Before I visited Metro Park Zoo, I wasn’t sure about the rights and wrongs of zoos. I couldn’t deny that zoos
take the freedom of animals away. On balanced I feel that, although zoos can’t provide the freedom of the
wild, they can give animals a safe, secure environment where they are fed and protected from predators.
As long as they do this well, to my mind they make a positive contribution to animal welfare. They also play
an important part in educating us about wildlife. I think lots of my friends changed their minds, too.

On the bus back to school we all agree that what we liked most was the zoo’s atmosphere and we would
definitely recommend it for next year’s trip.

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Rhetorical questions

A rhetorical question is a question to which you do not expect an answer. It’s a device to get more
attention for your opinion when presenting an argument. They are very useful in compositions because
they are such an effective way of making a point. They are not questions at all, but statements put in the
form of questions.

Study the following rhetorical questions. What is the opinion of each speaker?
1. Don’t you think it’s about time people showed more sympathy to farmer?
2. Who can honestly say they would enjoy eating a battery hen*?
3. Which is worse: to pay a little bit more for food produced ethically or to make animals suffer terribly

in factory farm conditions just so we can get cheaper process in the supermarket?
4. Do we really need all this food from thousands of miles away?

Question

Your school ecology club is trying to persuade people not to use products that have been tested on
animals. Here are some comments from your friends.
“Locally produced food is much tastier’
‘Farmers’ markets are dull and old-fashioned’

Write an article for your school magazine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Key to IGCSE English as a Second Language Prepared by: Jose Dept. of English, Huvadhoo School