Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics Coursebook 8

Glossary and index

proof an argument to show a particular 54 sector part of a circle, the edges of which
statement or fact is true are two radii (plural of radius) and an arc 120

prove give a proof 54 segment part of a circle, bounded by
an arc and a chord
questionnaire a set of written questions 120
with a choice of answers
62 simplify (a ratio or fraction) divide all

radius (plural radii) a line segment from parts of the ratio (or fraction) by a common
the centre of a circle to its circumference (or
from the centre of a sphere to its surface); factor 141
the length of this line segment
120 simplify (an expression or equation)
gathering, by addition and subtraction,
random describes a situation where 150 all like terms to express each term in its 96
outcomes are equally likely simplest form

range the difference between the largest square the result of multiplying a
number by itself; the square of 5 is 25
and smallest number in a set 103 because 5 squared = 52 = 5 × 5 = 25 15

ratio an amount compared to another 141 square root the number that produces
amount, using the symbol :
a given number when squared; the square
recurring repeating; in a recurring fraction, root of 25 = 25 = 5 (or −5) 15
a digit or group of digits is repeated forever 73
side, side, side (SSS) condition that
reduction decrease 113 construction of a triangle is possible,
given the lengths of all three sides
reflect transform a shape, producing the 126

mirror image of that shape 158 statistics study and use of data; values
calculated from a set of data
right angle, hypotenuse, side (RHS) 103

condition that construction of a right-angled stem-and-leaf diagram a way of
displaying data like a horizontal bar graph
triangle is possible, given the lengths of the but with a set of digits forming the bars

hypotenuse and one other side 126 186

rotate transform a shape, moving or survey a method of collecting information
turning each point of the shape around
a fixed position through the same angle 158 by asking questions or observing 62

rotational symmetry the property that term-to-term rule a rule to find a term 19
means that a shape can be rotated a fraction of a sequence, given the previous term
of a whole turn and still look the same as it
does in its initial position 86 terminating ending; a terminating 73
decimal has a finite number of decimal
round make an approximation of a places, it does not go on forever
number, to a given accuracy
36 theoretical probability a probability 154
found using equally likely outcomes
sample a selection from a large population 62
transform move a shape by reflection,
scale the ratio between the lengths on a scale rotation or translation; change a shape 158
drawing and the actual lengths represented 92 by enlargement

scale drawing an accurate drawing in 92 translate transform a shape, moving 158
which lengths in the drawing are in a given each part of the shape the same distance
ratio to lengths in the original in the same direction

scale factor the ratio by which a length is transversal a line crossing parallel lines 51

increased (or decreased) 161

199

Glossary and index

trend a pattern in a set of data 184

two-way table a table displaying data, 66
with rows and columns usually showing
different variables

unitary method solving direct proportion

problems by first calculating the value of a

single item 145

units of measurement names of units 45
given to measure something. For example,
length is often measured in units called
metres (m); mass is often measured in units
called kilograms (kg)

variable a symbol, usually a letter, that can

represent any one of a set of values 26

volume the space occupied by a solid or 45
3D shape

200