Furniture Workshop Equipment

VRT 3023 ( KUMPULAN B )

FURNITURE WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT

NUR KAMALIN SOFIA BINTI MOHAMED SYIS (D20201095704)
SITI NUR ASLAH BINTI ABDULLAH (D20201095710)
NUR SYAIDATUL AISYA BINTI MOHD IDRUS (D20201095713)
WAN NURKHALISAH BINTI WAN MOHD RUZILA (D20201095717)
NUR NADZIRAH HANEEM BINTI JOHARI (D20201097720)

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 4.0 METHODS OF HOW TO STORE TOOLS 31
4.1 How to store tape measure 32
1.1 Introduction of tape measure 5 4.2 How to store hand saw 33
4.3 How to store firmer chisel 34
1.2 Introduction of hand saw 6 4.4 How to store jigsaw 35
4.5 How to store power planer/ electric planer 36
1.3 Introduction of firmer chisel 7 37-38
5.0 SAFETY FACTORS 39-40
1.4 Introduction of jigsaw 8 6.0 CONCLUSION 41-42
7.0 REFERENCES 43-44
1.5 Introduction of power planer/ electric planer 9 9.0 REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES

2.0 FUNCTIONS 10

2.1 Functions of tools 11

3.0 CORRECT METHODS ON USING TOOLS 12

3.1 Correct method on using tape measure 13-17

3.2 Correct method on using hand saw 18-21

3.3 Correct method on using firmer chisel 22-24

3.4 Correct method on using jigsaw 25-26

3.5 Correct method on using power planer/ electric planer 27-30

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Generally, in woodworking, there are two tools that we usually used. One is hand tools and the other ones is
power tools. Both of it is used to get the desired shape of woods.

Like the name of hand tools, it require manual labor to use and common things one should have at homes. For
power tools, it have power source that allows them to operate automatically and without intervention.

Hand Tools in woodworking is classified into grouped such as;
1. Measuring and marking Tools
2. Clamp and Buffer
3. Cutting Tools
4. Hitting and Turning Tools
5. Sharpening Tools

While for power tools, it is classified into types which are;
1. Saws and drills
2. Routers
3. Chisels
4. Shapers
5. Planers

In this flipbook, we had decide to choose 3 hand tools and 2 modern power tools to be discussed.This includes;

Hand Tools
1. Tape Measure
2. Hand Saw
3. Chisel

Modern Power Tools
1. Jigsaw
2. Power Planer

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION OF TAPE MEASURE

 A tape measure is a type of hand tool used for measuring
a wide range of materials, objects and distances in
various professional and home DIY applications.

 Tape measures feature a long length of marked material
with measurements along the full length and are available
in a range of sizes.

 The measurements are often both in metric (centimetres
and metres) and imperial (inches and feet) units.

 Most commonly made of a coated, flexible steel strip

INTRODUCTION OF HAND SAW

 A hand saw is an essential tool that being used for cutting
woods such as hardwood, softwood and also plywood.

 A general purpose of hand saw is designed to cut hard and
soft wood, plastic and non-ferrous metal.

 It has a serrated blades, and the shape of the sawtooth are
depends on the material being cut.

 Usually, saw tooth blades are made up by tool steel or carbide.
 The size of the saw is determined by the length of the blade

and the number of tooth per 25mm (1 inch)
 Two types of designs of a sawtooth

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INTRODUCTION OF FIRMER CHISEL

 A firmer chisel is one of four main chisels used in woodworking
projects.

 It has a thick, strong blade that allows removal of large pieces of
wood in a single strike.

 In fact, this chisel's 4-inch (10.16-cm) blade is strong enough to
form deep, large joints when the end is hit with a mallet.

 This type of chisel has sloping edges, and is a good choice for
general woodworking projects.

 A more explicit variation of a chisel is called an oblique edge
chisel, or back chisel, with bevels on both sides of the cutting
surface for more precise trimming.

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INTRODUCTION OF JIGSAW

 A jigsaw power tool is made up of an electric motor and a
reciprocating saw blade. Jigsaws with sole plates that have a
beveling function can cut angles typically up to 45 degrees
relative to the normal vertical stroke to make miter joints.

 In the past, what are now usually called scroll saws were often
referred to as jigsaws. Today they are electrically powered
and have been largely displaced by power jigsaws.

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INTRODUCTION OF POWER PLANER/ ELECTRIC PLANER

 A power planer/electric planer is very helpful in the Pusher Handle Power cable
woodworking process.
Planer thickness Main Switch
 Used to smooth, level and shape pieces of wood. adjustment knob
Vbelt cover and drive
 Shredding is the principle of cleaning the wood surface from Parallel conveying motor pulley
the cutter marks and leveling the wood surface until the clamp bolts
entire surface is equal and making all four sides of the wood
angled 90 ° Front base plate

 This electric planer machine is driven by an electric motor, Front planer Planer knife shaft
so working with this planer machine necessarily requires an base plate
electric current with a voltage of 220 Volts.
Parallel delivery rod
holes

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2.0 FUNCTIONS

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• Measure the distance of an object that Length exceeds the size of a steel ruler 11
• Used in the construction, carpentry and furniture manufacturing sectors.
• The size and distance of an object can be measured precisely.

• Used for cutting straight

• There are 2 types of method on how to cut woods;

1. Cross-cut: The wood is cut across the wood grain

2. 2. Rip-cut: The wood is cut parallel to the direction of wood grain

• cut flat and straight work, create an interlocking mortise and tenon joint
• rake and pack the corners of the wood
• cutting or carving hard materials such as metal, stone or wood
• Using it involves forcing the blade into the material to slice or carve a shape.

Curved cuts
• more delicate than other powered saws and their thin blades can be fitted into tight spaces and follow a curved line

with ease.
• not very heavy so they are easy to manoeuvre and guide along stencilled designs.
• Circles of almost any size can be accurately cut with a jigsaw either freehand or with the aid of a circle cutting guide
Straight cuts
• Straight cuts can be either along or across the grain of a piece of wood or made in another material such as laminate

with change to slightly wider blade installed.
Plunge cuts
• Making a plunge cut involves starting a cut in the middle, rather than on the edge, of a workpiece
Bevel cuts
• Most jigsaws have a pivoting shoe which enables them to make bevel cuts in mouldings and boards.
• The shoe can be positioned at angles up to 45 degrees so that the jigsaw cuts on a bevel.

• To level, straighten and smooth wood surfaces.
• To make sponing on door and window frames.
• Plan the sides of the wood.
• Smoothen out the rough edges
• Using a plane on door edges

3.0 CORRECT METHODS ON
USING TOOLS

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3.1 TAPE MEASURE

• Find or read the markings. On a standard tape measure, the biggest marking is the
inch mark (which generally has the biggest number, if it has them).

• Measurements may say in units of inches, feet, m and cm
• As the increments decrease, so does the length of the mark. For example Inch size,

.½" has a bigger mark than ¼" which has a bigger mark than ⅛", and so on

• Read 1 inch. The space from the largest mark to another is 1 inch.
• Read one-half inch. Same principle as reading one inch, only this time the space between the

second-biggest mark and the biggest is read. You can think of a half-inch mark as half way
between a full inch.

• The remaining markings follow a similar pattern. ¼" is half of ½". ⅛" is half of ¼". Most tape measure
markings go as small as 1⁄16;". This tape divides one more time, down to 1⁄32".

• For Measure a length. Put the end of the measure at one end of the item or
space you want to measure. When the length stops, take a reading on the tape
measure.

• Find the length. In order to determine the length, you must add the lengths
between inches together. For example, the image below has a measurement
that goes beyond the space between two inch marks (that is, one full inch). In
order to find the length, add the length of the inch (1) with the space between
the second inch mark and the third. In this case, you’d add 1 inch + 1/4 inch to
get 1¼ inch, or “one and a quarter inches.

• For a length less than 1 inch, simply read off the tape measure the length. If the
increments of an inch are not labeled, determine the marking’s increment and add
together the respective fractions.

• As an example,3/4 of an inch and less than one full inch. The marking is half way
between 3/4 (6/8) and 7/8. Therefore, the marking is half of 1/8, or 1/16.

• Taking this knowledge, you simply add the known fractions to find the length.
Convert 3/4 to 12/16 for common denominators and add 12/16 + 1/16 to get 13/16 –
that’s your length.

• When the size is the right size, the mark uses a pen or pencil for the purpose of
comfortable work to lower easily and below that measurement.



3.2 HAND SAW

1) Measure and mark the line using the pencil

2) When making a starting cut place the thumb or knuckle
holding the woods on the cut lines and saw blades outside
the line as figure

TIPS !!

Don’t start the cut right on the marked lined. Instead, cut right next to the line on the waste side. The
waste side is the part of wood we’re not going to use in the finished product. It’s always better to
have a piece of wood that’s a bit long, than a bit short.

3) Produce several slow back cuts until creating a nice
groove or kerf. If using a crosscut saw, start the cut with
the teeth nearest to the handle for getting a best control.
Make a few back cuts until getting a nice kerf which is an
opening wood. If using a ripsaw, start the cut with the
finer teeth furthest from the handle and make a few short
draw strokes to get a kerf going

4) Grip the handle and let the forefinger to extends along
the side of handle. This is to ensures the saw is along the
line and this is helping to get an accurate cuts

3) Hold the elbows close to the body when sawing
to prevent from twisting and tilting the blade. It
helps to ensure getting a nice, clean cut

6) After getting a kerf going, angle the saw
correctly for best cut. For crosscut saws, the
proper angle is 45 degrees between the saw and
wood. With ripsaws, it’s 60 degrees

7) After the groove is started, a few short forward strokes
will deepen the cut so move left hands away from the blade.
Push the saw with an easy, free-running motion

8) Reduced the pressure when the cutline wood is nearly
broken and hold wasted wood
9) Cut the wood evenly

3.3 FIRMER CHISEL

1) Clamp down or secure the wood piece to the vice on the
workbench. It is best to work on a firm surface that can
handle enough weight and sturdy enough when you use
force.
• Avoid damaging or making dent marks when clamping

the wood.
• Do not tighten the vice too hard.

2) Hold the chisel with both hands. You use one hand to
press the edge down and direct it with control, The other
hand follows with the pushing force.
A properly sharpened chisel needs little force to carve and
shave even on hardwood.

3) Carve with the chisel at a 16-20 degree angle with the
bevel side facing up and the flat side against the wood
surface. Carve one small and thin shaving at a time.
Forcing and cutting into the wood can damage the chisel
or split the wood you're working on.

4) Hold the hammer with your dominant hand and direct
the chisel with other hand.

5) Put the chisel onto the wood. The bevel should be
pointing up.

6) Hit the end of the chisel with the hammer. Start off
gently, hit harder when necessary

TECHINUQUES USING A WOOD CHISEL

MORTISE CUT

1) Outline the area then cut thin slices by pushing the head of the chisel by
your hand or a mallet. The most effective technique is to face the bevel side
of the tool down. Control the depth by high or low handles. Generally, when
shaving a piece of wood, face the angle down.

Pairing Cut
2) It is to flatten the bottom of an open surface on the wood. The trick is to keep the back of the
chisel flat on the wood’s surface to make it easier to slice and pivot. When flattening a cut, face the
beveled side of the blade up. Then, hold the back of the chisel tight to the surface.

Chopping Cut

3) To remove chunks of wood, slice off small amounts first. Use a hammer to
strike the chisel and chop it to about 1/2 inch. Then chisel from the end to
remove the piece before continuing.

Chop and Pair Cut
4) Cut out small chunks at a time, with a series of shallow cuts. Space the blade cuts about 1/2 inch
apart. It is more accurate and practical than driving the chisel too deep. If it’s a rough surface,
use a hammer or a mallet for more delicate cuts

3.3 JIGSAW

1. SELECT THE RIGHT BLADE 2. SET UP THE JIG SAW

The blade of your jigsaw depends on the type of Start by putting the blade into the jigsaw, but first,
material you intend to cut. If you are cutting make sure the saw is unplugged. Newer jigsaws
wood, a wood blade will enable a faster cut. If you have a black lever that loosens the grip on the
are cutting metal, a metal blade with 21-24 teeth blade when pulled down, which enables you to put
per inch is ideal. The blade type is evident in how a new blade in. Make sure the blade is facing the
fine the teeth are, or the label on the blade's box. right direction. and that the end is securely
gripped by the jigsaw when you release the black
lever. Now you can plug your jigsaw back in and
prepare for the cut.

3. SET UP MATERIALS
 Mark materials part to be cut. While jigsaws can cut curves, make sure none of the

curves are too tight; going around very sharp bends has the potential to bend the blade.

 Clamp materials to a table.

4. CUTTING THE MATERIALS
 make sure the foot of the jigsaw is pressed flat against the material. When setting the jigsaw up to cut.
 Apply some forward pressure but do not force the saw to go too fast. It will naturally cut through the material,

and pushing too hard can cause the blade to recoil or break, in addition to possibly damaging the material.
 don't let the blade stop before completely going through the material.
5. CLEAN UP
 make sure to sand all of the edges of material to avoid any splinters
 unplug the jigsaw, remove the blade, and store both in their proper location.
 Sweep and vacuum your work area

3.4 POWER PLANER

• Like a hand plane, the power hand planer
(or electric planer) rides on a shoe, or sole plate.

• Like a jointer, the planer has blades mounted on
a cutter head or drum that spins at 20,000 rpm,
removing wood equal to the difference in
elevation between the front and rear shoes.

• The front hand grip doubles as a depth-
adjustment gauge.

• The gauge, with its built-in scale settings, turns
back and forth to move the front planer shoe up
or down, setting the depth of the cut. Depending
on the depth you set, the planer removes lots of
wood (1/8 in. per pass) or, like a belt sander, a
little (1/64 in.)

1) Get the most out of the tool by mastering the right way to
hold and push the planer. Properly balancing your body
ensures safety and the best planning results.
Balance means standing with your feet apart in a position
that you’ll find comfortable throughout the full tool pass on
the workpiece. Each pass of the planer involves a rhythm of
balance and hand pressure

2) Begin by resting the front shoe of the planer flat on the
wood without letting the blade touch the work.

3) Start the tool, let the motor reach full speed,
then ease the plane into contact with the work
and push it steadily forward

4) Keep your initial pressure on the front grip as
the planer enters the workpiece.

5) Balance hand pressure between the tool handle
and front knob as both planer soles contact the work.

6) As you push the tool off the work, apply greater
control to “catch” the rear handle. Avoid overreaching
at the end of a pass; the front shoe will drop off the
wood and let the blades take an uneven bite off the
end of the wood (called “snipe”).

7) The speed at which you push the tool and the depth
setting you choose will affect the final smoothness of
your work

4.0 METHODS OF HOW
TO STORE TOOLS

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HOW TO STORE TAPE MEASURE PROPERLY

 After using it roll the measuring tape into its home and lock it using the provided thumb lock.
 Do not let it not roll after using it as it can hurt others if it is footballed or stepped on.
 Keep it in a place that is not exposed to rain as it is easily rusty.
 Place in a storage container or basket that has been reserved for carpentry and keep away from children

HOW TO STORE HAND SAW PROPERLY

 After use, hang the hand saw at the wall
 If store in the toolbox, placing a simple sheath on saw blades before storing in the toolbox can prevent saw teeth

from becoming dull and rounded
 Most new saws came eith a sheat, but if lost it can be replaced by makeshift sheath by using a garden hose
1. Hold the saw up against a straightened section of an old rubber garden horse. Use a utility knife to cut a section of

hose that’s roughly as long as the saw blade
2. Cut a slit down the length of the section of hose. Make sure that the slit goes all the way through the rubber.
3. Slide the cut edges of the hose over the exposed blade of the saw. The stiffness of the hose should hold it in place

over the blade, protecting it from nicks and bending

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HOW TO STORE FIRMER CHISEL PROPERLY

 after use, the chisel should be stored in an iron toolbox and stored neatly
 Store it safely in a toolset and use plastic protective caps to cover cutting edges when not in use
 Protective cap that will keep the chisel’s cutting edge from becoming blunted or damaged in between uses
 In addition, the chisel can be stored in a simple hanging wall shelf made of plywood by using one part as high

support, and the front part is glued with spacers. The spacer is sized so that the slot is large enough for the chisel
to fall but small enough for the handle not to fall.

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HOW TO STORE JIGSAW PROPERLY

Before use

 check the condition of the power cord if your jigsaw is powered by mains electricity
 the machine is unsafe to use if the cord is nicked or frayed
 be careful not to drop your jigsaw as this may affect the alignment of its shoe
 bent or damaged baseplate will be unable to make accurate cuts.
 If the shoe is severely misshapen, you may have to replace the shoe or the entire jigsaw.

Lubrication

. apply a drop of oil to the blade roller guide of your tool to prevent it from jamming during operation

Cleaning

. keep your jigsaw’s ventilation slots free from dust and debris to reduce the likelihood of your tool overheating during use

 make sure that the handle is clean, dry and free of oil or grease before and after use.
 use a damp cloth and mild soap to remove any dirt from the body of your tool.
 the blade guide should be kept clean and free from dust-build up. Use toothbrush to remove any unwanted grime which may

affect the accuracy of the saw.

Replacing carbon brushes

 these brushes will be worn away by friction and will need to be replaced.
 however, because the tools are normally only used for a short period at a time, a set of brushes will usually last the life of the

tool, so will not need to be replaced

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HOW TO STORE POWER PLANER/ELECTRIC PLANER PROPERLY

 Make sure power planer is always clean. The air vents on the planer machine must be free of dust.
 When done, store power planer in the tool storage provided so as not to pose a risk of injury to the user and to

avoid unnecessary damage
 Disconnect the plug from the power source from the power tool before making any adjustments, changing

accessories, or storing power tools. Such preventive safety measures reduce the risk of starting the power tool
accidentally.
 Store idle power tools out of the reach of children and do not allow persons unfamiliar with the power tool or
these instructions to operate the power tool. Power tools are dangerous in the hands of untrained users.
 Do not store power tools in wet places. Water entering a power tool will increase the risk of electric shock

Storage

 An inappropriate storage procedure not only puts the user at risk of being injured by the tool but also exposes it to unnecessary damage, which
could otherwise have been avoided.

Rust

 Scrapping rust using a special abrasive material, using penetrating oil or using electrolytic cleaning works in renewing an otherwise rusted planer.

Lubrication

 Moving parts should be lubricated to reduce friction, which otherwise may also result to production of heat that may
cause the shaft to break and consumption of a lot of energy to overcome frictional force.

Tightening Bolts

 Bolts hold moving parts together and loose bolts can play havoc in precision. Tighten them regularly.

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5.0 SAFETY FACTORS

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SAFETY FACTORS

Wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to maintain personal safety while working
Ensure that in the workshop and around the workplace in a neatly arranged condition so as not to obstruct any movement.

Follow the teacher's instructions while in the workshop
Be careful when operating tools and machines
Stay away from friends while doing cutting work to avoid any injuries
After finishing using the equipment, store all equipment in a designated place and should be well maintained and tidy

Close all appliances that use electrical power after doing work

observe any safety facilities and emergency doors in the workshop so that movement is easy in the event of any emergency or accident

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6.0 CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

Workshop equipment operation is very important as it will affect
on how long the life of the tools.If the tools were properly cared,
and use with correct methods, the life of tools will increased. To
maintained the tools, work practices need to be emphasized such
as before, during and after work. This includes on how we store
the tools properly are are very important in influencing the
condition of the equipment. With good care, the responsible
parties should’nt have to spend money on equipment
maintenance costs.

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8.0 REFERENCES

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REFERENCES

1) https://www.wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/jigsaws/what-is-a-jigsaw
2) https://www.wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/wood-chisles/what-are-wood-

chisels-used-for
3) https://www.artofmanliness.com/articles/toolmanship-how-to-use-a-

handsaw/
4) https://www.wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/handsaws/what-is-a-hand-saw
5) https://www.johnsonlevel.com/News/TapeMeasure
6) https://www.familyhandyman.com/project/how-to-use-a-power-planer/
7) http://www.free-instruction-manuals.com/pdf/pa_1404490.pdf

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9.0 REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES

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Answer the question below!

1. There is 2 types design for sawteeth. What is the design and the different?
2. Inches units may use in tape measure for measurement. What is the others

measurement unit that we can use in type measure?
3. Why we need to select the right blade depends on the types of the materials in

Jigsaw’s work?
4. What is the function of firmer chisel?
5. Lubrication steps in included in both latest technology equipment (Jigsaw machine

& power planer) for maintenance and care. Explain why.
6. What will happen if we did not comply the factor of safety in the laboratory?

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