Communicative English 1 Handbook

The effects of Deforestation

Climate Imbalance and
Climate Change

Loss of Biodiversity Increase in Global Warming

The Decline in Life Quality Deforestation Increase in Greenhouse Gas
of People Emissions

Food Insecurity in the Soil Erosion
Future

Acidic Oceans Floods

Wildlife Extinctions and
Habitat Loss

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Use appropriate vocabulary to
describe/ depict values

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• Be honest VALUES
• Be responsible
• Diligent • Consistent
• Do not gossip • Efficient
• Tell the truth • Innovative
• Do not vandalize property • Creative
• Have courage • Motivated
• Do not have sex before marriage • Positive
• Keep your promises • Optimistic
• Do not cheat • Inspiring
• Treat others as you want to be treated • Passionate
• Be trustworthy • Respectful
• Do not judge • Athletic
• Be dependable • Courageous
• Respect others • Educated
• Be forgiving • Respected
• Keep your self-control • Loving
• Have integrity • Be generous
• Be accountable and take responsibility • Reliable
• Have patience • Loyal
• Be loyal • Committed
• Have respect for yourself • Open-minded
• Be tolerant of differences
• Seek justice
• Have humility
• Serve mankind

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Idioms and
proverbs
related to
values

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IDIOMS • An idiom is a phrase that has a meaning of its own that
cannot be understood from the meanings of its
individual words.

• The literal meaning of an idiom usually doesn’t make
sense, and idioms can be almost impossible to
understand unless you have learned or heard them
before.

• Here are some examples of idioms:
• To be fed up with means to be tired and annoyed with

something that has been happening for too long.
• To rub someone the wrong way means to irritate

someone.
• Bbsuyyctchtheeesssskfuiknli,nobfouhfteyoronteulyertjhtue”semtthbeaamrneeslyas.nh“seSthahelamtposasostmsdeeiddthni’tnthgpeawtsesas.st

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PROVERBS A proverb is a short popular saying that gives advice about how
people should behave or that expresses a belief that is generally
thought to be true. They are often based on images which reflect
our culture and view of the world.

Here are some examples:
• Don’t cry over spilled milk.
• Those who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
• A stitch in time saves nine.

Like idioms, proverbs often have a meaning that is greater than
the meaning of the individual words put together, but in a
different way than idioms.

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IDIOMS IDIOMS VS PROVERBS PROVERBS

Keywords: Fixed expression that Well-known saying Keywords:
contains a figurative that contains an
FIGURATIVE meaning. advice. WELL-KNOWN
MEANING Do not contain a
moral. Contain a moral or an MORAL/ADVICE
WITHOUT advice based on the
MORAL/ADVICE Only phrases, not general truth. SENTENCES
complete sentence.
PHRASES Complete sentences. CAN BE
UNDERSTOOD
DO NOT MAKE Do not make sense, if Can be understood
SENSE you are not familiar even if you are
with it. hearing it for the first
time.

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PROVERBS

• Don’t judge a book by its cover.
• The early bird gets the worm.
• There is no place like home.
• Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
• Don’t count your chickens before they

hatch.
• All good things must come to an end.
• Actions speak louder than words.
• Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
• Don’t cry over spilt milk.
• Better late than never.
• Birds of a feather flock together.
• Kill two birds with one stone.
• Two heads are better than one.
• You can lead a horse to water, but you

can’t make him drink it.
• The grass is always greener on the other

side.
• The enemy of my enemy is my friend.

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Proverbs about Gratitude

• Count your blessings. ...
• Gratitude is the sign of noble souls. ...
• He that is hard to please, may get nothing in the

end. ...
• It's the little things that count. ...
• Never take anything for granted. ...
• Thanks cost nothing.

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Proverbs about Health

• An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ...
• Early to bed and early to rise makes a man

healthy, wealthy and wise. ...
• Health is not valued till sickness comes. ...
• Prevention is better than cure / an ounce of

prevention is worth a pound of cure. ...
• You are what you eat.

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Match the proverbs with their definitions

English Proverbs Meaning
A. Life is not all pleasure and amusement.
1. Don’t play with fire. B. Every effect is the result of some cause.
2. Every day is not Sunday. C. There are listeners everywhere, you should be
3. There is no place like home. careful.
4. There is no smoke without fire. D. Do not take risks with dangerous things.
5. Still waters run deep. E. Home is the best, the most pleasant
6. Walls have ears. place.
7. Well begun is half down. F. As soon as beginning is made, the rest is easy.
G. A quiet person can have much knowledge, cunning,
strong emotions, etc.

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Idioms

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Idioms

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Idioms

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Idioms

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Idioms

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Idioms

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Complete the sentences using suitable IDIOMS

a) I have to tell you something that will___________________.
b) He______________________ when he accidentally told her about the surprise party.
c) Okay, I’ll tell you what I’m going to do, although you’ll probably think that I

have _______________________.
d) I’m ________________ with my teacher because she caught me cheating in the test.
e) I’d better _______________________ now. I’m feeling really exhausted.
f) Jonathan is so cute that when he looks at me, I get__________________.
g) We’re all packed and ready to go- we can leave_________________.
h) I am feeling a bit ____________- I think I’m getting a cold.
i) Is Jennifer really getting married or are you just______________?
j) Was your English test hard? No, it was really___________________.
k) My friend got ____________________ and decided not to do a bungee jump.
l) Just ___________________________! Let’s think about this for a moment.

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Match the IDIOMS with their definitions

English Proverbs Meaning

1. Stop beating around the bushes. Just tell A. To make a bad situation even worse.
me what really happened.
B. Something is happening instantly, without any
2. To add insult to injury, after my car broke delay.
down, it started raining heavily!
C. Don’t avoid saying what you mean or what
3. Missing the bus and being late for work this needs to be said.
morning was a blessing in disguise.
D. Something is common and almost worthless.
4. I am ready to pack my bag and go on a
vacation with you at the drop of a hat. E. Something that seemed like a bad thing, but it
turned out to be a good thing.
5. Websites on health are a dime a dozen
nowadays, but not all of them are accurate and
have correct information.

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TOPIC 3:

ORAL
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

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Present
A Topic of Interest

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Presentation It’s important you create an engaging
Introduction introduction to capture the interest of your
audience early on.

A presentation introduction is the first period
of a presentation when you inform your
audience of who you are and what you’ll be
talking about.

An introduction should present you as a
capable professional and earn your audience’s
attention so they want to learn more about
your topic.

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How to create an
engaging introduction?

1.Tell your audience who you are.
2.Share what you’re presenting.
3.Let them know why it’s relevant.
4.Tell a story.
5.Make an interesting statement.
6.Ask for audience participation.

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1. Tell your audience who you are

• Introduce yourself, and then once your audience
knows your name, tell them why they should listen
to you.

• Example: ”Good morning. My name is Johan, and I’m
here today to talk to you about the benefits of listening
to music and how it can reduce your anxiety and
improve your memory.”

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2. Share what you’re presenting

• Tell your audience what you’re going to be talking
about in a succinct, organized matter. Think about
your content and find three key points you hope to
fully explain by the time you’re finished.

• Example: “I’m here today to talk to you about
environmental pollution, why is it important for us to
take care of the environment and what can we do to
save the environment.”

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3. Let them know why it’s relevant

• Your audience needs to know that what you’re
presenting is important. Consider pulling in data
or statistics to help deliver the importance of
your message.

• Example: “Did you know that more than 70,000

Americans died from drug-involved overdose in

2019. This is why I urge you to stay away from

drugs.

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5. Make an interesting statement

• If you don’t have a personal story to share with the
audience, consider sharing a thought-provoking
fact about your presentation’s relevance.

• If you decide to go forward with this approach,
make sure to deliver your statement with confident
body language and verbal tone.

• You want your audience to know what you’re saying
is both truthful and interesting.

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6. Ask for audience participation

• If you don’t plan to make a bold statement or
tell a story, ask your audience to participate. The
best way to do this is by asking an open-ended
question that requires them to either raise a
hand or stand up to answer.

• If it’s early in the morning, try asking them to
stand up when they answer your question. This
tactic works best in more intimate to small-scale
audiences.

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6. Ask for audience participation

• “Who can tell me…”,
• “Put your hand up if you have ever…”
• “Nod your head if you agree with me”
• – this not only enables you to make some judgements about

how much your audience already knows about what you
have to say, it also engages them and suggests that you care
about their experiences.
• Most people are much happier if they feel a speaker is
“talking to” them rather than “talking at” them with no
concern for their opinions.

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Presentation
introduction
templates

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The basic introduction

• “Good morning! My name is [insert your name here],
and I’m here today to discuss [insert your topic here ]).
You will find this interesting because [tie in your
audience relevance here].”

• “Good morning! My name is Alvin, and I’m here today
to discuss how healthy lifestyle can improve your life
span. Interestingly, researchers say that healthy
lifestyle habits can add as much as a decade to your
life span.

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The attention-grabber

• Bold statement: “Did you know that … [insert a
relevant, impactful statistic]?”

• Audience participation: “Stand up today if you
believe that… [relevant belief to your topic]”

• Storytelling: “When I think about [topic] it reminds
me of when I [personal relevance], and this is so
important to [topic] because [pair your experience with
the topic].”

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The attention-grabber examples

• Bold statement: “With the advanced in computer technology, we should
work smarter by using the relevant applications to ease our workload and
organize it properly. It is no point working hard if we can find other
alternatives.”

• Audience participation: “Stand up right now if you’re eager to learn more
about how to excel in your studies and be a top student in your class.”

• Storytelling: “When I was doing my practical training in an accountancy firm,
I faced a few problems and tried to solve on my own. I was having a hard time
because I lacked the experience and only know most of the theories that I
learnt. Actually, when I faced any hard problems, I should have asked other
senior staff as to how to overcome the problems. They have more practical
solutions and experience to guide me to perform better. Therefore, this is one
of the tips that I will be sharing with you regarding practical training.”

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Attention-grabbing tactic

• If you’re unsure of what attention-grabbing
tactic will work best, grab a friend or family
member to practise.

• They can give you feedback on things like your
body language, the intonation of your voice,
your dress attire and, ultimately, what tactic
works best with your presentation’s main idea.

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Non-verbal
Communication

Skills

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Gestures, & facial expressions

• Non-verbal communication, or body language, is an important part of
public speaking.

• Your body language includes:
✓ your posture
✓ movement
✓ gestures
✓ facial expressions
✓ eye contact

• At the very least, your body language should not distract the audience
and with considerable practice, it can help you convey confidence and
help the audience see your message more clearly.

• Remember the impact of the presentation should be given priority.

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Gesture mistakes

 Not using gestures at all.

 Keeping your hand in your pockets.

 Fidgeting with your hands.

 Holding your hands behind your back. This gesture usually resembles that of a child reciting a poem at
a school assembly. When not gesturing, your hands should be in the "neutral position," hanging loosely
at your sides.

 Pointing at the audience. Yes, your mother was right – it's not polite to point. Try an open-handed
gesture instead.

 Folding your arms across your chest. Even if you are only doing this because you feel cold, this gesture
will most likely be interpreted as your closing yourself off from the audience.

 Gripping the podium. This gesture is usually accompanied by the "deer in the headlights" look. If you're
using a podium, place your hands lightly on the top of it or in a relaxed hold on the edges.

 Using stilted gestures. Your gestures should be natural and flow smoothly rather than looking forced or
robotic.

 Using overly rehearsed gestures, for example a speaker fall to his knees during his

speech, which was unnecessary.

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Facial expression mistakes

 Not smiling, ever. Unless you are delivering horrible news, it is appropriate for
you to smile, even in a business setting. Smiling will relax you and, in turn, relax
the audience.

 Smiling too much, especially when delivering bad news. You may be smiling or
even giggling because you are very nervous, but it undermines the seriousness
of your message and your sincerity. If you smile broadly or giggle while
announcing mass layoffs, for example, your audience will interpret it as a sign of
your lack of concern.

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Presentation
Closing

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Closing the presentation

• Did you know most people only remember the
first and last things you tell them? It’s true.

• If you are giving a presentation, then you
definitely want people to remember what you say
at the end. And this means your closing must be
powerful!

• A closing in a presentation should be short and
clear. It should summarize your key points. And,
most importantly, it should be powerful.

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Summarize your key points &
close your presentation

• sTuhmatmbarrinizgesbuys staoytihneg e…nd of the presentation. I’d like to

• sTuhmatmcaornizcelutdheesmmayinppreosienntstaotriotnak. Heaowwaeyvse. r, I’d like to quickly

• And on that final note, that concludes my presentation.

• To quickly recap, I’d like you to remember these key points …

• To summarize …

• In conclusion …

• I’d like to bring this presentation to a close with …

• I’d like to close this talk with …

• So, this concludes the focus of discussion today. To end, I’d like to
highlight …

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Thank your audience

• I sincerely appreciate your attention today/this
evening/this morning.

• And that brings us to the end. I’d like to thank you for
your time and attention today.

• Thank you so much for your interest and attention.
• I can see that our time is just about up so to finish I’d

like to say thank you.
• I sincerely appreciate that I’ve had this opportunity to

present to you.
• If there is one thing I would like you to remember from

today’s presentation, it’s …

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Draft your oral presentation introduction
using appropriate phrases

CLUES HOW TO SAY IT?

Get the audience’s attention and signal
the beginning

To greet your audience

Introduce yourself

Share what you’re presenting

Let them know why it’s relevant

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REFERENCES:

https://in.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/group-discussion
https://www.speakconfidentenglish.com/interrupt-someone-politely-in-english/
https://leverageedu.com/blog/how-to-start-a-group-discussion/
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/tips-for-successful-group-discussion.htm
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/making-and-responding-to-suggestions/4266045.html
https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-make-a-suggestion-1211130
https://www.englishlessonviaskype.com/making-suggestions-in-english/
https://takelessons.com/blog/english-idioms
https://www.learnersdictionary.com/qa/what-s-the-difference-between-idioms-and-proverbs
https://www.factmonster.com/features/speaking-language/idioms-and-proverbs
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/example-oral-presentation-in-english/
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/presentation-introduction-tips-examples
https://www.speakconfidentenglish.com/3-steps-introduction/
https://etonx.com/how-to-use-body-language-during-a-presentation/
https://business.tutsplus.com/articles/importance-of-body-language-in-presentations--cms-33171
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-publicspeaking/chapter/facial-expressions-and-eye-contact/
https://virtualspeech.com/blog/different-ways-to-end-presentation-speech
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-conclude-a-presentation
https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/vocabulary/idioms/idioms/88848
https://englishlive.ef.com/blog/study-tips/six-unusual-ways-improve-confidence-speaking-
english/https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-deforestation.php

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