Intelligent Transport System Magazine

259426 272228 277883

NURUL SYUHADA BINTI AZIZAN NARISSA BINTI ZOLHASRI DURGA DHARSHINI A/P MAHENDRAN

265639 275509 281774

HELMIE SUFIAN BIN ISAMSUHAIMI YONG QING NOR'ATIQAH NORMA BINTI KHAIRUL NIZAM

BPMG3043

TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM

BOKAAY NIB IRZAM RD :ROF DERAPERP

PREPARED BY: GROUP 2

GROUP 2 TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION KEY ISSUES AND A LOOK FORWARD
IMPROVEMENT

A EDUCATIONAL MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

01. INTRODUCTION

0.2 INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS

0.3 BENEFIT OF
INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS

0.4 TECHNOLOGY
REVIEW

0.5 SUMMARY

INFORMATION SYSTEM
APPLIED TO TRANSPORT
IMPROVEMENT

INTRODUCTIONS

Nowadays there are increasing movement of vehicles for transport freights delivery, at the
same time increase the traffic-jammed and make the country be more complicated to handle
it. Increased logistic transportation not only causes traffic congestion, but also has an effect
on the economy, and competitiveness of country and businesses. A city's transportation
system collapse causes an economic problem when vehicles lose their ability to move easily;
as a result, their function of moving goods or people is not properly established, resulting in
higher transportation costs and impacting businesses and the economy. The environmental
effect is clear since cars will have longer wait times in congested areas or will travel at a
slower pace, resulting in increased fuel consumption and emissions.

Furthermore, traffic-jammed makes people being impatient, which forces itself in the use of
horns, which is called noise pollution. In terms of productivity, traffic-jammed causes
businesses and cities to conduct logistics operations less effectively, resulting in higher costs
and lower service standards also resulting in the previously stated competitiveness loss.

Internationally, there are policies known as City Logistics Initiatives that are aimed at
reducing the negative effects of freight transportation in cities (Benjelloun et al., 2010).
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is same as well as the integration of administrative
tools which is example tools for transportation management and functoning in making
decision and activity for management.

Controlling transportation operations outside of cities, on the other hand, is a critical
component of ensuring efficiency and customer service. As a result, ITS systems have grown
to include all transportation, each with its own set of challenges, also achieve all with the
goal of raising efficiency.

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.

Over the last decade, there has been a
significant advancements in “smart”
information technologies for vehicle routing
management have emerged, owing to
technological advances in more accurate
geographic information systems, new-
generation computers with increased
processing capabilities, and advancements
in better planning systems and techniques

Intelligent transportation systems are
defined as a collection of advanced
applications in the fields of information
technology, electronics, and
communications that aim to improve traffic
mobility, safety, and productivity by making
better use of existing infrastructure,
improving energy efficiency, and expanding
transportation system capacity.

When ITS is implemented, transportation
operations are optimised in terms of traffic
flow (speed and time routes). It goes on to
say that the integration of ITS allows for the
sharing and coordination of information, the
acquisition and integration of information
between vehicles and road infrastructure,
and the sharing of information with
commercial sectors such as logistical
service providers.

When discussing ITS, it is Intelligent Transportation
important to highlight that Systems were designed to
they are divided into two capture, communicate,
major categories which ITS calculate, and support
placed in cars and ITS placed decision-making, enabling for
in infrastructure or in the effective management of
method of transportation. vehicle and transportation
Great efforts and work are means.
being made in both categories
to enhance efficiency, which The integration of
is based on the creation of technologies such as the
hardware, software, and Internet, electronic data
programming models to exchange, wireless
optimize routes and traffic communications, computer
flow. technology, programming, and
technologies designed to
Main technologies for collect and analyze important
information and data is critical for successful
communication for logistics transportation system
and freight transport: management.

Applications for CLASSIFICATION OF
transportation ITS
management - TM
Applications for supply .
chain execution - SCE
Application for Field Force
Automation - FFA
Fleet and Freight
Management Applications
- FFM

19

The TM application is a tool for planning, information systems applied to
optimizing and executing transportation intelligent transportation on
operations, such as cargo quotation, highways (IVHS - Intelligent
routing, scheduling, tracking, freight Vehicle-Highways Systems) in
payment and audit systems. six categories:

SCE programmes manage and automate the These systems are linked by an information
interchange of information, and as well as chain that comprises information
the execution of the distribution schedule acquisition, communication, processing,
in real time. dissemination, and usage by users for
management and decision-making.
FFA applications are mobile enabled
technologies and allow the integration Public Transport Management Systems
between distant elements and business Electronic Payment Systems
processes. Commercial Vehicles Operation Systems
Emergency Management Systems
FFM applications are used to report cars Advanced Systems for Vehicles
and freight information as well as to gather
real-time data to manage distribution
operations in a more dynamic and efficient
manner.

3.0 Benefits of
Intelligence

Transportation
System (ITS)

According to the two articles which is written by Perego et al. in 2011 and
Julian et al. in 2013, these Intelligence Transportation System can be
divided into 4 categories which is Supply Chain Execution (SCE), Field Force
Automation (FFA), Transportation Management (TM) and the last one is Feel
and Freight Management (FFM).

Supply Chain Execution (SCE) is a

3.1 Supply Chain process that include the activities like
storage, production, transportation and
Execution (SCE) so on which show how the company
promote the movement of goods that
start from purchasing the raw materials

and other items until deliver the goods to the customers. The application that under this
category can help people during the process of the actual allocate plan have been
implemented, so that the real-time management can be implement and also the exchange of
information can be managed and automatization.

3.1.2 Benefits under Supply Chain Execution (SCE)

Firstly, when people choose to use the financial burden and save money. Then, the
application of SCE, one of the benefits is the company will have more competitive
important information in the supply chain advantage in the market and operation of the
can be shared to other people without any company will be more efficient and effective.
seam no matter it is share with other After that, the change in over time of the
department or with the supplier like function that supported by many kinds of
movement and the delivery timetable of the application have reflected the change of the
freight will be synchronized and the demand on supply chain. Thus, from the past
company will get the real-time information. time, management of the order performance
With this, the company and the company’s execution and the simple coordination
cooperation partner can give their respond to between the organization which it completed
the change on demand and supply quickly. by using EDI systems until optimize, high level
Next, this application also can help company planning, coordination and real time
to increase their flexibility, interflow of adjustment in recent years. All these are the
communication can be simplified, and also advantage that brought by this application
increase the company’s production. Besides, over time.
the company or people who use
this application can help to
reduce the burden of the
employees that work in customer
operation and then those
employees can spend more of
their time on other business
activities that is important and
crucial. Also, it can help the
company to reduce the number of
inventory that the company has,
so that the company can reduce
their

3.2 Field
Force

Automation
(FFA)

Field Force Automation (FFA) can let people use the computer,
handheld palmtop computer, tablet, mobile phone, devices that are
wireless or other communication technologies to capture the real
time information of the services and field sales. Then, the information
that have been captured will be transmit from the wireless
connectivity to the back-end system. Besides, the application that
under this category, the integration between the workers who work at
long distance and process of enterprise business can be supported
due to these the support of the mobile technologies.

3.2.1 Benefits under

Field Force Automation

(FFA)

There are many benefits that the company can get from the application
of FFA:

Firstly, the company have enhanced their efficiency when they
handle their business activities. For example, the company can
reduce the times of delay and waiting, decrease the time that need
to process, reduce the work force on manual and so on.

Next, one of the benefits is with the adoption of the application of
FFA, the company can reduce waste of the company’s resource and
make better use to it. This can let the company do better on
monitoring the process and the condition of inventory, so that the
time of processing can be reduce and the capacity of inventory can
store in storage or warehouse can be increase.

After that, another benefit is the flow of information and the quality
of the service also will be improved. When the flow of information
and the monitoring have been improved, transmission of the
information can be reached to another place in time. So that, the
quality of the services can be improved and have enhancement on
the control of decision making.

Besides, the increasing of the connectivity, interactivity and
flexibility are also one of the benefits.

3.3 Transportation

Management (TM)

The application of Transportation Management (TM) is the tools that use in
decision supporting so that it can help people in planning, optimal and

implementation in the aspect of transportation. After that, the functions of the
tools have included tracking and trace in freight, can help to select and

schedule the route, tender for carrier loading, the payment and auditing on the
transportation expenses and so on.

u3n.3d.1erBenefits
T(MTraMann)asgpeomrteatniton

Firstly, the application of TM can assist Other than that, as for the
the company in deciding which is the analysis of the performance
most time efficiency and cost saving on the carrier and
operation modes for many types of transportation, the company
transportation like rail transport, can use the real time
maritime transport, road transport and information that emerge by
other to the company for the movement the system about the process
of cargo. Then, the distance of travel will of transportation to analysis.
be reduced and the time that taken by
transportation to the destination also
decrease. Due to the situation at above,
the usage of fuel will be decrease and it
can let the company save money on the
transportation fuel. Also, the problem of
environmental like sound and air
pollution can be improved.

Next, another benefit is optimize on the
function of routing and arrangement
itinerary can let the travel become easier
and the management on the terminal
will be supported.

3.4 Fleet and freight
management (FFM)

For the application of this category, the main function of this application is work as
the logistic manager’s tools of reported that can help them in understanding the
when is the time of the vehicle travel, the temperature inside the container, the
time of services, the place of the delivery need to access and also serve as the
function of management and real-time input of dynamic vehicle, so that the
manager can manage the fleet more efficiency during implementing of the allocate
plan.

3.4.1 Benefits under Fleet and
freight management (FFM)

Under this category, the company can improve their internal operation, reduce their
paperwork and the time that they need to wait.

After that, another benefit is the company’s operation cost and the mistake that they
may make can be sharply reduce through the resource of the company that have
been optimize. For example, the facilities of the transportation can be used in better
way when the company keep continue to get in touch and make better
communication with the transportation driver.

Besides, the tracking and trace function of the FFM application can give the
notification to the company on time if there are delaying problem or other problem.
Thus, the company can check the situation that have happened on and quickly take
action when they face this emergency situation such as correcting the wrong order,
searching for important things, need to have extra delivery and so on.

Besides, the request and complain form the customers can be given respond
immediately if the goods are delivered and send it to the wrong people and wrong
place.

PAGE 13
POPSTARMAG.COM | 2021

BILL GATES

"I believe innovation is the most powerful
force for change in the world. People who are

pessimistic about the future tend to
extrapolate from the present in a straight line.

But innovation fundamentally shifts the
trajectory of development."

4.0 TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

Vehicle information collection is a critical component of ITS transportation
management, according to Jarauniené, and it may be gathered in three ways:

Detectors that work on the induction principle. These detectors are
implanted in the pavement and allow for a car count to be taken. The
number of cars on the road, their speeds, and the amount of traffic
may all be counted using these sensors.
These sensors include ultrasonic, infrared, and radar sensors, to name
a few. On the summits of towers, these sensors are installed. They can
detect automobiles using waves and determine the number and speed
of such vehicles. Although its performance is less efficient in adverse
weather, this technology has the advan\ tage of being easier to instal
and maintain than inductive sensors.
Video imaging detectors: These detectors can detect the presence of a
vehicle and its speed, track occupancy, traffic flow, detect licence
plates, and more using image processing and optical character
recognition (OCR)

CCTV

In addition to these
elements, it is important
to construct a control
centre to monitor and
make decisions to enhance
traffic conditions in the
city. As a result, a Closed-
circuit Television (CCTV)
system is necessary in
addition to vehicle
detection sensors.
Maintaining adequate
interaction with
institutions involved with
the transportation system,
such as traffic agents,
helicopters, road
maintenance systems, taxi
firms, weather systems,
and even mobile phone
navigation applications, is
another important part of
obtaining traffic
information.

PAGE 20 FEATURE GEARS

There are a number of apps that process
the data and provide traffic system
reports for administrators and
consumers. It is required, according to
Jarauniené, to "merge" information from
both public and private sources in order
to gain this knowledge. Both actors can
get this information via dynamic signals
(Dynamic Message Signs - DMS),
broadcasters and television|, in-vehicle
devices (In-Vehicle Units - IVU), or
handheld devices.

PAGE 87 REVIEWS FAOSVORYATSIHTITLSEEAMRABSSLREE:

AID (Automatic Incident
Detection): This technology
reduces the time it takes to
notice and respond to
problems. They can also tell if
an accident has happened or
may happen by looking at
traffic patterns. These systems
aren't intended to replace
monitoring centres; rather,
they're intended to assist in
their administration..

Weigh in Motion (WIM) systems
are used to calculate the
weight of moving vehicles.
They can aid in the
maintenance of roadways, as
overweight vehicles contribute
to their early degradation. Load
cells, piezoelectric systems, and
flexible bands are used to make
these systems operate. Figure 3
depicts a flexible band WIM
system in action.

PAGE 49 NEWS GEARS

EXCLUSIVE

Advanced Traffic Management Systems - ATMS:

Advanced These systems are in charge of obtaining real-time
traffic information, data analysis, travel time

Traffic projections, and emergency response management,
as well as disseminating that information to users

via city traffic control information systems or other

Managementmeans, such as Advanced Traveller Information
Systems - ATIS. They're in charge of supplying

Systems traffic data that consumers may utilise to better
their method of transportation, routes, and overall

decision-making. Distances, fuel consumption, and

pollutants are all reduced using these methods.

AUTOMATED EElectronic payment and
VEHICLE Automated Vehicle
Identification - AVI: These
IDENTIFICATION technologies provide real-
time knowledge of demand
and the quantity of trucks
currently moving in the city,
allowing for better traffic
flow regulation.

ADVANCED FLEET MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (AFMS):

THESE SYSTEMS ENABLE FOR THE PLANNING OF
FREIGHT LOCATION AND UTILISATION, LEADING

IN REAL-TIME SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION AND
CONTROL. “ADVANCED FLEET MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS CAN ADD GREATLY TO THE EFFICIENCY
AND EVENTUAL SUCCESS OF CITIES' LOGISTICS
SYSTEMS,” ACCORDING TO BENJELLOUN ET AL.

4.1. ITS IN
DIFFERENT
TRANSPORT MODES.

Air - The manoeuvres support
systems for aircraft landings and
takeoffs are the most essential
technological aspects in the air
transport mode.
Navigation assist systems and radars
for ILS (International Landing
Systems) and MLS (Microwave
Landing System).

Duke | 102

EXCLUSIVE

ROBOTIC IN MARITIME

Three new types of robots will be in use by 2030, according to robotics. A
learning robot will be the first, followed by a practical robot (one that can
handle an asset) and a mini-robot, which will be helpful for inspections in
difficult, dangerous conditions. Cognition, versatility, imitation, sensing, and

adaptability will all be utilised by these robotics.
The advancement of these robots is inextricably tied to the advancement of
other technology, such as sensors and remote controllers. These solutions

need system reaction times of less than a few milliseconds (including
network latency).

BCIENOTFWMREAMESUANT4NNR.2VIUD.CECHATTIUCIORLEENS
This communication has

resulted in the development

of CVIS (Cooperative

Vehicle-Infrastructure

Systems), which allow

interaction between nearby

vehicles and infrastructure

located on the roads,

Vehicle and infrastructure resulting in improved traffic

communications are critical and transportation
management. CVIS systems
components of intelligent
are built around a
transportation systems
because they enable two-way multichannel terminal that
can connect a variety of
communication, which is
utilised by city administrators devices via WLAN / Wi-Fi,
cellular networks (GPRS /
to acquire and send
information for transportation UMTS), short-range
microwave and infrared,
management. These
communication technologies and satellite
communications.
include vehicle-to-vehicle

communication (V2V) and This communication leads
infrastructure-to-vehicle to a new concept known as
communication (I2V). the Connected

According to Borrero et al., Transportation System,
which is an attempt to
The progress of these systems allows there are a plethora of
useful information to be transmitted to gadgets that enable internet connect vehicles using
communication technology
travellers, such as: communication from
anywhere and at any time. So in order to improve safety,
Routing that a vehicle with its own IP emergency management,
Congestion avoidance and traffic transportation
management address and Internet
Coordination of traffic signals connection may communicate management, and
Truck surveillance with a control centre and/or environmental impacts. The
Management of parking spaces IP-based infrastructure,
Information on safety and public other cars. Bluetooth and
service announcements vehicle-to-vehicle phone lines according to
Information on the weather Dimitrakopoulos, is the
are two other options for
connecting. Communication most feasible
between cars, as well as in air communication technology.

Traffic management technologies are a set of techniques aimed 4.3. Traffic
at reducing traffic congestion in cities while also increasing Management
traffic security. These systems disperse traffic and notify drivers Technologies
of potential road difficulties. According to WSDOT, the capacity
to continually adapt to traffic circumstances and respond to
these changes effectively is the most important feature of these
systems

According to the Government Procurement Service, traffic
management technologies are part of a framework that allows
access to a variety of technologies, including traffic management
solutions, traffic signs and parking systems, electronic and
interactive messaging systems, traffic monitoring services,
vehicle access and parking services, and so on.

4.4. Weather Weather Responsive Traffic The following actions should
Responsive Management (WRTM) is a set be taken to develop traffic
Traffic of technologies that predict, management systems in
Management determine, and anticipate response to climate change,
weather conditions so that according to the USDOT [40]:
care and control actions can
be implemented before the Advisory, Alert, and
weather has an impact on Warning Systems for
the roads. These systems Motorists
allow for the development of Strategies for Managing
proposals and methods to Speed
minimise climate impacts, Strategies for Vehicle
and the data is sent to Restrictions
managers and users via Strategies for Route
communication systems with Restrictions
cars and control facilities. As Control Strategies for
a result, Traffic Management Traffic Signals
Technologies are a collection Management of Traffic
of techniques, tools, and Incidents
systems used by authorities Management of
to mitigate the effects of Personnel and Assets
weather on transportation. Coordination of Agencies

WRTM are based on a variety of technologies,
including:

Systems that provide passive warning
Warning systems that are active
Systems that provide information on road
conditions and forecasts prior to a trip
Weather warnings and information on the state of
the roads en route
The combined use of these technologies aims to
improve transportation networks, notably passenger
and freight safety and mobility. As a result,
increasingly complicated solutions have emerged, such
as the Smart Roadside Initiative, which aims to
enhance safety, reduce the frequency of accidents, and
boost efficiency in the transport of products by
collecting and exchanging data among commercial
vehicles, carriers, highway infrastructure, and other
stakeholders.

This integration is
accomplished by the
cooperative operation of

technologies and
information exchange
across three elements:
vehicle communication

systems, road
technologies, and cargo
transportation systems.

Railway transportation has a
legendary history. Now, two centuries
later, technical are extending railway
systems capabilities, increasing the
speeds, become more capacity, and
make some improvement for safety to
compete with other transportation.
Technology has transformed to be
more powerful and with this
technology,they get benefits by
making their operations more
efficient, safe, and profitable.

How can railways make the
opportunities to railways industry?
The answer is technology.

Railways are types of transportation
infrastructure that involved with
some issues such as global warming
and population urbanization. Because
of how technology will revolutionize
the way people live, work and travel in
their daily life.

Railways industry help to improve
safety and the passenger experience
and increase their operational
efficiency.

What are the advantages of using
cloud-based technology?

• Reduce cost
• Easy to access
• Have strong security

Network Rail and Deloitte are an
excellent example. As a result of
the collaboration with Deloitte, a
cloud-based web-accessible
system can developed and enable
Network Rail to confirm the
schedule planning by leveraging
the billions of data provided given
by the railway's signalling system.
Network Rail was able to automate
the data processes, increase
timeliness, and the operational
railways will be efficiency by
implementing this cloud-based
solution.

ENHSAANFCEETMYENT OERNCGHAAAPNNAIZCBAEILTMIITOEYNNATL

Written by Jeff Sticks

Technology can make train operations Technology may have a big impact on an
more safe by detecting problem in the organization's capabilities by providing
tracks, can monitor the tracks, automated effective training and aiding in decision-
maintenance, as well as the improvement making. Training has been transformed
of management operations such as with the emergence of virtual reality (VR)
welding and finding Errors and the cases and gamification, both of which may
of accidents can be reduced through replicate real-world settings.
improvements in signaling and
transmission, rolling stock crash safety,
and monitoring human operations.

TRAIN OPERATIONS Technology can help improve
EFFECTIVENESS asset reliability through
sensor based condition
monitoring and data forecast
maintenance. Decision aid
systems have the potential to
play a big role in increasing
employee perfomance.

I

IMPROVES Teach passengers how to plan a trip and buy a
PASSENGERS ticket, as well as how to go to the railway station,
EXPERIENCES arrive at the station, and ride the train. Technology
has the potential to affect every element of the
experience. Then, value-added services such as Wi-
Fi and entertainment, and accurate train tracking
based on GPS are examples of ways that technology
can enhance the passenger experience.

UPGRADES
INFRASTRUCTURE

Analyzes construction can enhance the speed for infrastructure upgrades
track laying and electrification while improving cost-effectiveness.

SUMMARY

Transportation has influenced
corporate competitiveness and
has various bad effects towards
urban areas and needs to make
huge considerable efforts in their
project management. To put it all
together, the need of
contemporary information
systems is very crucial to
optimise commercial and
consumer transportation through
all levels.

Intelligent transportation
systems is a tool that has been
used in a wide range of
components by improving the
transportation’s safety,
productivity and mobility. We
have been using intelligent
transport systems in our daily
lives such as public and private
organizations, automobiles,
systems, as well as information
technology such as cameras, GPS,
speed detectors and radiations.

SUMMARY

Besides that, the implementation
of Intelligent transportation
systems (ITS) is very vital to
improve transportation
infrastructure as well as can give
beneficial effects towards traffic
more efficiently and more safely,
and also can reduce cost and
expenses.

Based on our studies, road
transportation has more
possibilities and easier to use the
technology of intelligent
transportation systems rather
than rail transport. On the other
hand, we also provided more
ways and technologies for rail
transportation to improve their
safety and efficiency.

However, this is not one of the
barriers for them to optimize the
system and enable intelligent
transportation management. As a
result, the importance of using
the system is to aid the
improvement of transportation
operation and will allow them to
achieve the fundamental goal of
the Intelligent Transportation
System (ITS).

WRITERS

DURGA
DHARSHINI
A/P
MAHENDRAN

277883

BARCHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION IN LOGISTICS
TRANSPORTATION

HELMIE
SUFIAN BIN
ISAMSUHAIMI

265639

BARCHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION IN LOGISTICS
TRANSPORTATION

NARISSA
ZOLHASRI

272228

BARCHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION IN
LOGISTICS TRANSPORTATION

WRITERS

NOR'ATIQAH
NORMA BINTI
KHAIRUL
NIZAM

281774

BARCHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION IN LOGISTICS
TRANSPORTATION

NURUL
SYUHADA
BINTI AZIZAN

259426

BARCHELOR OF INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

YONG QING

275509

BARCHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION IN LOGISTICS
TRANSPORTATION

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