MOREC2019 Abstract

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

List of Abstracts for MOREC 2019 Oral/Paper Presentation

001 ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
BY REMOVING THE BARRIERS ON OUTDOOR RECREATION ......................................................... 3

002 MOTIVE FOR PARTICIPATING IN ADVENTURE RECREATION
AT SKYTREX ADVENTURE SHAH ALAM ......................................................................................... 4

003 DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTURE-BASED MENTAL TOUGHNESS MODEL:
A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 5

004 OXYGEN SATURATION (SPO2) AND PULSE RATE (PR) VARIABLE
ALONG THE POINT ON HIGH ALTITUDE MOUNTAIN TRAIL:
CASE STUDY OF HIGH-ALTITUDE REVIEW ON MOUNT KINABALU ............................................... 6

005 KESAHAN DAN KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN INSTRUMEN (OCL-OMR)
PENILAIAN KENDIRI TAHAP KOMPETENSI JURULATIH PENDIDIKAN
LUAR PUSAT KOKURIKULUM DI MALAYSIA .................................................................................. 7

006 STRENGTH TRAINING INTERVENTION FOR MOUNTAINEERS:
THE MALAYSIA MERDEKA DE’ EVEREST EXPEDITION EXPERIENCE............................................... 8

007 ROLES OF NATURE TOUR GUIDE IN SHAPING VISITORS’ SATISFACTION
AT PAHANG NATIONAL PARK ....................................................................................................... 9

008 EXPECTATION AND MOTIVATION OF BEGINNER AND INTERMEDIATE SCUBA DIVERS
AT TIOMAN ISLAND ....................................................................................................................10

009 EFFECTIVENESS OF OUTDOOR EDUCATION PROGRAM ON PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE
AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA...........................11

010 DEVELOPMENT OF HIKING PREPAREDNESS MODEL (HiPrep):
A SCENARIO OF MALAYISAN HIKERS’AWARENESS.....................................................................12

011 ADVENTURE BASED TOURISM IN THREE POTENTIAL AREAS
AT TANJUNG MALIM, PERAK. .....................................................................................................13

012 AWARENESS OF RIVER STORM PHENOMENON AMONG VISITORS
AT FOREST ECO PARK IN MALAYSIA THROUGH IDENTIFICATION OF RIVER HAZARDS ..............14

013 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES PARTICIPATING IN INCLUSIVE
OUTDOOR RECREATION PURSUITS FOR ACHIEVING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE ..............................15

014 VISITOR MOTIVATION IN LEISURE:
A STUDY OF SAGA HILL AND SERENDAH WATERFALLS, SELANGOR..........................................16

015 SELF - COMPASSION AMONG STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
AT PUSAT LATIHAN PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PEMULIHAN, BANGI. ...............................................17

016 PROFILE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCAL VISITORS
TO THE KILIM KARST GEOFOREST PARK, LANGKAWI. ................................................................18

017 EVALUATION OF FRIENDSHIP QUALITY OUTCOMES AMONG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
AT PUSAT LATIHAN PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PEMULIHAN BANGI .................................................19

018 UNLOCKING YOUTH BACKPACKERS MOTIVATION EXPERIENCE AND SATISFACTION................20

1

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

POSTER
IDP001 PROFIL KOMPETENSI KEMAHIRAN BERKAYAK

PENSYARAH INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU MALAYSIA............................................................21

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 001

ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE BY REMOVING THE
BARRIERS ON OUTDOOR RECREATION

Vincent A. Parnabas, Julinamary Parnabas., & Antoinette Mary Parnabas

Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450
Selangor, Malaysia.

Institut Pendidikan Guru, Kampus Darulaman, Jitra, Kedah, Malaysia.
Medical Unit, Hospital Taiping, Taiping, Perak, Malaysia.

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Barriers on outdoor recreation refer as factors prevent people from taking part in outdoor
recreation. Constrains or barriers can create distinct challenges and must sequentially be
overcome if a person it to participate in an outdoor recreation activity. Limited previous
research on recreation shows that women are still significantly constrained in their participation
in outdoor recreation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify five main barriers in
outdoor recreation, which include lack of Accessibility, Safety, Knowledge, Time and
Financial. The sample consisted of 157 respondents, who voluntary participated in this study.
The participants for this research were 69 males and 88 females. Constrains of Outdoor
Recreation Questionnaire were used in this research to collect the data. Barriers of the Out
Door Recreation items were evaluated, the result showed that, lack of Accessibility (x̄ =
21.1024), Safety (x̄ = 18.7821), Knowledge (x̄ = 16.8120) and Financial (x̄ = 18.6531), has the
highest mean on female, while lack of time (x̄ = 17.1104) higher on males. The t test scores for
the barriers on outdoor recreation between gender showed there is a significant differences t
(157) = 12.4461, p < .01. The result of this researched showed that women are experiencing
highest constraints than men from taking part in outdoor recreation activities. Outdoor
recreation agencies should focus on specific needs and interest as well on causes of their
nonparticipation or under participation. Women should be provided with access to outdoor
recreation environment. Outdoor recreational psychologist should overcome fear, safety and
anxiety of women. Recreation service providers should increase visibility of programs
designed for women, effectively provide information about such programs, staff their agencies
with female role model, so women can take part in sport without any fear or anxiety. It is
important to remove the barrier, so women can get more opportunities to play outdoors, in
order to explore the world, appreciate the naturalness, develop skills and practicing a healthy
lifestyle.

Keywords: Accessibility, Safety, Knowledge, Time, Financial.

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 002

MOTIVE FOR PARTICIPATING IN ADVENTURE RECREATION AT
SKYTREX ADVENTURE SHAH ALAM

Azman A Rahman., & Nur Hidayah Zul Shamsuddin

Centre of Studies for Park and Amenity Management Faculty of Architecture, Planning and
Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Adventure recreation is typically seen as special event because of certain elements which
included uncertain outcomes, danger and risk, challenge, anticipated rewards, novelty,
stimulation and excitement, escapism & separation, exploration and discovery, absorption &
focus as well as contrasting emotions. Adventure recreation also usually involved in a natural
setting, that contains elements of real or significant danger of outcomes, while after uncertain,
can be influenced by the actions of the participant of conditions. Most people participated in
adventure recreation caused by trends. Traditionally, most participants less involving in
adventure recreation because they are preferred to spend their time to do leisure recreation or
outdoor recreation that contain less challenges, dangers and risks. But nowadays, it is different
than before because of now mostly participants likely to involve more frequent in adventure
recreation. The aim of this paper is to identify the characteristics of the participants in adventure
recreation and also those influencing factors of motivation in participating of adventure
recreation. The result of this study is stated that most of the participants are males, aged
between 18-24 years, and single status. Finding found that the influencing factors that
motivated one’s in participating in adventure recreation are come from both push and pull
factors theoretical and practically.

Keywords: Adventure Recreation, Participation, Motivation

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID 003

DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTURE-BASED MENTAL TOUGHNESS
MODEL: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Mohd Shariman Shafie, Md. Amin Md. Taff, Nik Jazwiri Johanis, Omar Firdaus Mohd Said,
Mustakim Hashim, Mohd Noorazlan Ab Aziz , & Muhammad Wafi A. Rahman

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Since the turn of the 21st century, recent research has demonstrated that adventure-based
programs are linked to positive psychological aspects outcomes, including mental toughness,
these benefits go beyond traditional character-building concepts of adventure-based programs.
Today, adventure-based programs emphasize towards more positive frameworks that rely on
the development of effective adventure-based training design. In Malaysia, there are numerous
adventure-based programs conducted by local sports’ organizations with aims to improve
youth athletes’ mental toughness. However, there is no specific model is developed relating
adventure-based program and mental toughness. As a result, it is adventure to understand on
designate of the adventure-based program that can effectively encourage appropriate mental
toughness development. The main conceptual issue in this regard is without the development
of adventure-based mental toughness model, the effectiveness of the previous programs was
doubted. A study with the ability to identify, assess and modify a theoretical model of
adventure-based program and mental toughness is crucial required, this should include more
innovative approaches and testing on developmental of mental toughness in the context of
outside sport performance. The efficacy of adventure-based program in enhancing mental
toughness need to be evaluated, hence there is gap between theoretical research and practices.
Findings will provide a platform from which to foster coherent and systematic scholarly work
on adventure-based program and mental toughness development to be ventured.

Keywords: Adventure-based program, & mental toughness

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 004

OXYGEN SATURATION (SPO2) AND PULSE RATE (PR) VARIABLE
ALONG THE POINT ON HIGH ALTITUDE MOUNTAIN TRAIL:
CASE STUDY OF HIGH-ALTITUDE REVIEW ON MOUNT
KINABALU

Muhamad Aliff Abdullah., Sam Shor Nahar Yaakob., Mohd Hafizal Ismail., & Jenal
Othman

Department of Recreation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a potentially lethal condition caused by acute hypoxia after
ascending to altitudes higher than 2500 m in a short time. The main symptom of AMS is
headache. Numerous risk factors of AMS have been examined, including gender, BMI, slope,
age and climber’s category. In previous studies, age was considered a predisposing factor for
AMS. However, different opinions have been raised in recent years. The pulse oximeter was
used to monitor climber’s health condition. Blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) and Pulse rate
(PR) are frequently measured to determine acclimatization status in high-altitude level. Pulse
oximetry is a valuable, noninvasive, diagnostic tool for the evaluation of ill individuals at high
altitude. It is also being increasingly used to monitor the well-being of individuals traveling on
high altitude expeditions. The Mount Kinabalu is categorized in Very High altitude scale (
3,658 - 5,487 meters), therefore, the potential of getting altitude sickness or acute mountain
sickness (AMS) is higher. Laban Rata, the place to stay overnight before ascending to Low's
Peak is at the Highaltitude scale (2,438 - 3,658 meters). Since few people have experienced to
such altitudes, it is hard to know who may be deal with the symptoms. There are no specific
factors such as age, sex, or physical condition that correlate with susceptibility to altitude
sickness. Five main points were selected based on site characteristic in term of logistic and
different altitude, namely Timpohon Gate, Layang-Layang, Laban Rata, Sayat-sayat and Low’s
Peak. Climber social demographic background was recorded, and climber categories were
carefully assessed to compare their previous high-altitude acclimatization with the current
climbing at Mount Kinabalu.

Keywords: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), Oxygen Saturation (SPO2), Pulse Oximeter, Mount
Kinabalu

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
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Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 005

KESAHAN DAN KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN INSTRUMEN (OCL-OMR)
PENILAIAN KENDIRI TAHAP KOMPETENSI JURULATIH

PENDIDIKAN LUAR PUSAT KOKURIKULUM DI MALAYSIA

Omar Firdaus Mohd Said, Md Amin Md Taff, Ahmad Hashim, Mazuki Mohd Yasim,
Jaffry Zakaria, Mohd Shariman Shafie, & Nik Jazwiri Johanis

Fakulti Sains Sukan & Kejurulatihan Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Email Penulis: [email protected]

Abstrak

Kajian yang dijalankan ini merupakan suatu kajian empirikal yang mana berkaitan tentang
pembangunan suatu instrumen penilaian kendiri tahap kompetensi jurulatih Pendidikan Luar
Pusat Kokurikulum di Malaysia. Instrumen penilaian kendiri ini merupakan instrumen terawal
yang telah dibangunkan di Malaysia. Pembangunan instrumen ini akan melalui proses kesahan
dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen. Kajian ini telah menggunakan seramai n=110 jurulatih
Pendidikan Luar Pusat Kokurikulum sebagai responden kajian bagi pelaksanaan kajian rintis.
Bagi metodologi kajian pula, pengkaji telah memilih menggunakan rekabentuk kuantitatif yang
mana responden kajian akan menjawab soal selidik yang dibangunkan bagi mendapatkan
kebolehpercayaan instrumen yang dibangunkan. Sementara analisis dapatan kajian pula akan
melalui proses EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis). Hasil analisis mendapati, nilai KMO bagi
atribut foundation adalah r=.685 dan ujian Bartlett’s adalah signifikan (p=.000). Manakala bagi
dapatan atribut kedua iaitu hard skills pula menunjukkan r=.719 dan ujian Bartlett’s adalah
signifikan (p=.000). Bagi dapatan analisis bagi atribut ketiga iaitu soft skills menunjukkan
r=.804 dan ujian Bartlett’s menunjukkan nilai signifikan (p=.000). Sementara bagi dapatan
atribut keempat iaitu meta skills pula menunjukkan nilai r=.751 dan ujian Bartlett’s adalah
signifikan (p=.000). Secara keseluruhan dengan kewujudan instrumen ini secara tidak langsung
membantu para jurulatih pendidikan luar dan rekreasi menilai tahap kompetensi mereka.

Kata Kunci: Instrumen penilaian, kompetensi, Jurulatih Pusat Kokurikulum dan Pendidikan Luar

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID 006

STRENGTH TRAINING INTERVENTION FOR MOUNTAINEERS:
THE MALAYSIA MERDEKA DE’ EVEREST EXPEDITION
EXPERIENCE

Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin , Hosni Hasan, Hashbullah Ismail , Wan Faizal
Iskandar Wan Abdullah., & Tetsushi Moriguchi

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor,
Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Japan

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The mountaineering activity which requires unique physical demand has increased in
popularity as both as recreational activity and as competitive sport. Strength training has been
widely used to enhance the physical abilities related with muscular strength, endurance and
power in variety of sports. The use of strength training for mountaineering expedition
especially in an extreme environment may provide beneficial successful climb outcomes. A
variety of strength training intervention programs which include the conventional and
functional training has been implemented for all mountaineers participating in the Merdeka
De’Everest expedition. The primary aim of this conceptual presentation was to identify the
physical demand in mountaineering, determine the effectiveness of the strength training
program, and to explore needs and opportunities for specific strength training program that
may provide physical enhancement for mountaineers.

Keywords: strength, mountaineering, training

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 007

ROLES OF NATURE TOUR GUIDE IN SHAPING VISITORS’
SATISFACTION AT PAHANG NATIONAL PARK

Mustakim Hashim, Mohd Noorazlan Ab. Aziz, Azlizam Aziz ., & Siti Suriawati Isa

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, University Technology MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia.

Department of Recreation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia,43400,
UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Ecotourism in Malaysia is emerging as one of the tourism spots, popular niches that attracts
many tourists to come and visit Malaysia. One of the primary reasons of those visitors are
mainly attracted to Malaysia is due to the diverse attractions spots available for them to
experience including all eco - resources. In 2011, Ministry of Tourism and Culture Malaysia
(MOTAC) received many complaints from the tourists that they had experienced bad treatment
from the front liners. Given this situation, the study tries to explore tourists’ satisfactory on the
performance of nature guides when shaping their experiences in Pahang National Park, Kuala
Tahan. Specifically, this study to measure the visitor`s satisfaction level towards the nature
guides in terms of their main roles played. Moreover, it is integrated the full Model of Modern
Tour Guide using the framework of disconfirmation theory to examine the satisfaction of the
visitors of the park. To make it more meaningful, gap analysis had been used when comparing
the performance and expectations in order to look at the gap’s scores. Findings and analysis
resulted a positive satisfaction towards all the roles played by those nature guides at Pahang
National Park, Kuala Tahan, except the one role which is motivator of responsible behaviour.
Parametric tests revealed that 6 out of 8 roles demonstrated by tour’s guide significantly better
between expectations and performance score rated by the visitors. This study suggested that
these roles need attention from the guide and specifically the management of the park.

Keywords: visitor satisfaction, national park, ecotourism

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 008

EXPECTATION AND MOTIVATION OF BEGINNER AND
INTERMEDIATE SCUBA DIVERS AT TIOMAN ISLAND

Muhd Asraf Zulzali &amp., & Mohd Helme Basal

Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, MALAYSIA

Kolej Poly-Tech MARA Bangi, MALAYSIA

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Scuba diving is known as one of the famous activities that is not only in adventure tourism
segment but also as a vital activity of marine tourism in Malaysia. This study attempted to
examine the motivation and expectation between beginner and intermediate scuba divers who
participated in scuba activity at Tioman Island, Malaysia. A set of self-administered
questionnaire consist of 19 items of expectation factors adapted from Perceived Risk in
Adventure Tourism and 27 motivation items adapted from the Recreation Experience
Preference Scale was administered to 350 divers at different diving operators in Tioman Island.
The t-test revealed differences between divers of different levels of diving mode (i.e., beginners
and intermediate). Beginner divers used to enjoy the scenery and relaxation while intermediate
divers engaged to be with similar divers whom highly environment awareness state. The
finding shows no significant difference of motivation and expectation between beginners and
intermediate divers. Thus, this study may provide an insight which can be helpful for sea diving
operators in strategizing and marketing their business.

Keywords: Motivation, expectation, scuba diving, adventure tourism, marine tourism, Malaysia

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 009

EFFECTIVENESS OF OUTDOOR EDUCATION PROGRAM ON
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION

STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

Shamsulariffin Samsudin., Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden., Azlizam Aziz., Hafizal
Ismail., Aris Fazil Ujang., Ahmad Asyraf Ahmud., & Alif Syamim Syazwan Ramli

Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang Selangor
Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang Selangor
Institut Pendidikan Guru Ilmu Khas, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Outdoor education program (OD) has been used as a medium of learning process for secondary
and tertiary educational institutions in Malaysia. Resilience can be considered as the
characteristics and capacities that overcome the impacts of biological, psychological, social
factors that threaten an individual’s health. The lack of study done in Malaysia is one of many
reasons people think outdoor education program is not necessary to be included in the national
curriculum for students. The perspective of the people can be changed by providing them with
evidences on importance of outdoor education. It is advantage for the student to be resilience
when facing extreme conditions. This study provided an insight on the psychological resilience
of the students while participating outdoor education program. Two weeks’ outdoor program
be evaluated upon students’ psychological resilience. Students from Bachelor of Education
(Physical Education) (N = 39 students) involved. There are 5 parts of evaluation that needed to
be answered by the students to evaluate holistic reaction towards the outdoor education
program before and after one OD program. The 5 parts were: Respondent’s Background; The
Resilience Scale (RS); The Ego Resilience Scale (ERS); Review of Personal Effectiveness
(ROPE); and Social Support (SS). The results showed there have significant differences before
and after the program on Resilience Scale [t (38) = -2.657, p = 0.01]; Ego Resilience [t (38) =
-3.488, p = 0.01] and Review of Personal Effectiveness [t (28) = - 4.700, p = 0.01]. Therefore,
there was significant relationship with Resilience Scale with Ego Resilience (r = 0.551, p =
0.01), Review of Personal Effectiveness (r = 0.652, p = 0.01) and Social Support (r = 0.401, p
= 0.01). Thus, students’ participation in outdoor education program in UPM had positive
impacts on their students’ psychological resilience perspective.

Keywords: Outdoor Education Program &amp; Psychological Resilience

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 010

DEVELOPMENT OF HIKING PREPAREDNESS MODEL (HiPrep):
A SCENARIO OF MALAYISAN HIKERS’AWARENESS

Nik Jazwiri Johannis., Mazuki Mohd Yasim., Azli Ariffin., Mohd Shariman Shafie., Omar
Firdaus Mohd Said., Muhammad Wafi A. Rahman., & M Adli Mohd Sidi

Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Negeri Sembilan
Centre for General Studies, Universiti Tun Abd Razak, Kuala Lumpur

Author Email: [email protected]
Correspondence Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Mountain hiking is a well-known outdoor recreation activity in Malaysia. In fact, it became
phenomenon since 2016 when the social media platform took place as a mainstream. Many
people tend to hike some hiking spots which went viral. They liked to share their awesome
pictures and experience as well. However, since then, accidents and incidents in terms of hiking
activity in Malaysia drastically increased. Many hikers injured, death and lost in the jungle
which previous study showed that human led were part of the causes. As a result, tons of SAR
operations have been done and it were costly, time consumed and faced difficulties. Regards
to this circumstance, hiker’s preparedness doubted. Therefore, the main purpose of this study
is to know the scenario of hiking preparedness among Malaysian hikers from the experts’ point
of view. Thus, an interview of local experts has been conducted. The finding shows, all the
experts agreed that most of hikers nowadays are lack of knowledges about preparedness in
terms of physical, knowledge and equipment. Experts stress out that most of the new hikers
were not carried along basic necessities during their first hiked such as headlamp, extra clothes,
extra food and drinks, whistle and pocket knife. Experts also revealed that many newbie hikers
didn’t wear appropriate attire during a hike such as wrong shoes and backpack which end up
with rising of safety issues. Hence, this study results help researcher to in debt explore the
scenario of Malaysian Hikers in order to develop one Hiking Preparedness Model (HiPrep) in
the future.

Keywords: Hiking preparedness model (HiPrep), safety preparedness behavior.

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 011

ADVENTURE BASED TOURISM IN THREE POTENTIAL AREAS AT
TANJUNG MALIM, PERAK.

Siti Zubaidah Nur
Sports Academy Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM
Correspondence Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The main goal of this study was to identify, enlist and to promote the potential of Challenge
Based Tourism (CBT) in Tanjung Malim. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the
researcher used documental analysis, interviews and field study in an area of 20km radius in
Tanjung Malim. Perak. Performance of each area was analyzed using Importance Performance
Analysis (IPA) to identify strength and improvement required in each location. Mapping
method was used to construct a CBT potential location around the 20km radius from Tanjung
Malim. Mixed method used and it found that the Tanjung Malim area has a great potential to
be developed tourism location based on CBT. This study found three potential locations to be
developed as CBT areas concerned namely 1) Air Terjun Strata, 2) Sungai Dara, 3) Taman
Tasik Embayu (Proton City). Further analysis was initiated by IPA highlighted the
attractiveness of these locations with factors liked: 1) natural attraction, 2) natural environment
still preserved, and 3) various adventure activities could be offered. In addition, IPA analysis
also found rather some weaknesses, namely the commercialization of these locations. The
drawbacks were such as: 1) inadequate infrastructure 2) lack of promotion, and 3) poor access
to location. Based on the findings, this research suggested various recommendations on
improving the development of the CBT in Tanjung Malim. However, findings of this study
may be applied by the related organizations such as Tanjung Malim District Council and
Ministry of Tourism Perak to develop CBT products in Tanjung Malim for futuristic
concerned.

Keywords: adventures tourism, adventure activity, important performance analysis, nature

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 012

AWARENESS OF RIVER STORM PHENOMENON AMONG VISITORS
AT FOREST ECO PARK IN MALAYSIA THROUGH
IDENTIFICATION OF RIVER HAZARDS

Nor Hidayah Daud., Mohd Hafizal Ismail., & Alyani Ismail

Department of Recreation and Ecotourism,
Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Centre,
Department of Computer and Communications Systems Engineering,

Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

River looks calm on the surface, but it can contribute to the numerous hazards and potential
danger to the human, this is because many people overlook safety aspect when deals with
water- based activities. River storm phenomenon is the most frequent natural disasters
happened in Malaysia forest ecosystem. A river storm phenomenon is a short lived and
suddenly occurring phenomenon, and its causative factors can be accumulated when there is
an overflow of water occur at the upstream hill or mountain which caused a sudden large
column of water came unexpectedly, mostly after a heavy rainfall. In case of natural
recreational park in Malaysia, it can cause enormous impact to infrastructure and fatal and
nonfatal injury to the persons who are very close to the water body during the river storm
phenomenon. It is suspecting that lack of awareness among the public about water safety is the
leading factors to the injury death for people. A focus group discussions (FGD) and a
questionnaire survey on river safety issues were used to explore in-depth analysis to identify
the criteria of river storm phenomenon and the level of awareness among the visitors at forest
eco - park in Malaysia.

Keywords: drowning incident, river storm phenomenon, strong current, river safety issues, river
hazards & forest eco - park.

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Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 013

PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES PARTICIPATING IN INCLUSIVE
OUTDOOR RECREATION PURSUITS FOR ACHIEVING A HEALTHY

LIFESTYLE

Hisyam Che Mat., Nagoor Meera Abdullah., & Rezian-na Muhammed Kassim
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam.
Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The important of outdoor recreation pursuits’ programs for a healthy lifestyle and daily living
need to be better understand among persons with disabilities (PWD). For the past few years,
more and more people are realizing numerous benefits of outdoor recreation pursuits’ programs
and its’ benefits such as improve leadership skills, self-concept, academic performance,
interpersonal skill, group development and also not to forget enjoy the benefit of generating a
certain level of fitness regime. Although outdoor recreation pursuits programs have been
existence for many years, programming for persons who have disabilities are actually new in
Malaysia. Lack of programs and facilities accessibility and information have prevented persons
with disabilities enjoyed the full participation as their able- bodied peers in order to gain full
fitness and enjoyed a healthy lifestyle. Historically, PWD were not provided with opportunities
to participate in outdoor recreation pursuits programs or activities, because the society thinks
that these activities are dangerous, risky and out of realm of possibility for them. More and
more programs for persons with disabilities are been organized so that persons with disabilities
also can enjoy participating in outdoor recreation pursuits to gain and achieve their full
potential and not to forget achieving a healthy lifestyle. In outdoor recreation pursuits, persons
with disabilities will participate with an assistance from persons without disabilities, and both
groups can enjoy the full participation in all the activities that been highlighted in the program.
Outdoor recreation pursuits activities such as kayaking, orienteering, abseiling, jungle trekking,
rock climbing, survival activity, caving, mountain climbing been organized for persons with
disabilities are not only challenged their determination but also their level of fitness.

Keywords: Persons with Disabilities, Inclusive, Outdoor Recreation Pursuits, Health

15

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 014

VISITOR MOTIVATION IN LEISURE: A STUDY OF SAGA HILL AND
SERENDAH WATERFALLS, SELANGOR.

Jane Abi., Albattat, Ahmad., Razali Ibrahim., Muhammad Hairol Hakimy Mansor., &
Ahmad Faiz Rosli

School of Hospitality and Creative Arts, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia.
Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Corresponding Authors: [email protected]

Abstract

Saga Hill and Serendah Waterfalls have been the popular destinations for short leisure gateway
for nature enthusiasts in Selangor particularly. Located at Ampang / Cheras District, Saga Hill
is a very easy climb features and well maintain trail, a reachable summit of 430 meters and also
a waterfall. While Serendah waterfall located at Serendah, attract visitors with a vertical drop
of estimated 8 meters waterfall. Serendah waterfall is an ideal site for picnic and hiking
activities. Both sites have the attractive nature features and sufficient basic facilities for the
convenience of visitors to enhance their experience in outdoor recreational activities’
participation. The main objective of this study is to identify the visitor’s motivation to visit
Saga Hill and Serendah waterfalls. Physical, psychological, sociological and environmental
awareness attributes were examined to determine the motivation of their visit to Saga Hills and
Serendah waterfalls. The study questionnaire was divided into three section; section A focuses
on the demographic characteristic of the respondents, section B focuses on the motivational
and behavioral aspects of the visitors which consisted physical, psychological, sociological,
and environmental variables. The sample of 200 visitors involved in this study based on Simple
Random Sampling method. The primary data were analyzed in a descriptive manner using
SPSS 20.0 software. The study suggested both study sites have the same highest mean score
for physical, psychological, social and environmental attributes contributing for their leisure
participation. Visitors motivated to visit both sites to be healthy and increase their fitness. As
for the psychological attributes, the visitors agreed that the natural environment and special
features of both sites have added value and potentials that will increase local tourism industry.
The sociological attribute suggested that the visitor’s motivation to visit both sites to enjoy the
waterfall with their family and friends. Lastly, environmental attributes also influence the
motivation for visitors to visit Saga Hill and Serendah waterfalls. The development surround
both study sites increased their awareness of the importance of maintaining and preserving the
natural leisure attractions located within the developed Selangor city. Overall, the result of the
study reveals that the main visitor’s motivation to visit Saga Hill and Serendah waterfalls were
physical and sociological attributes.

Keywords: Motivation, leisure, physical, psychological, sociological, environmental

16

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 015

SELF - COMPASSION AMONG STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL
DISABILITIES AT PUSAT LATIHAN PERINDUSTRIAN DAN

PEMULIHAN, BANGI.

Aisyah Rosalam., Hisyam Che Mat., Farieza Natasha., Afiq Yazid., Faaiz Faisal., &
Nazreen Karim

Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam

Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Self-compassion refers to the ability to care and have compassion towards oneself during a
hard time in their life, which offers them a sense of warmth, connectedness, and concern. The
purpose of this study was to compare self-compassion among students with physical disabilities
at Pusat Latihan Perindustrian dan Pemulihan Orang Kurang Upaya, Bangi. The objectives of
the current research study were to determine the factors of self- compassion among students
with physical disabilities and to compare the differences factors of self- compassion between
gender and age of students. A quantitative method was used. The questionnaire consists of two
(2) sections which were Demographic Profiles (Section A) and Factors That Influence Self
Compassion (Section B). The participants consist of 73 students with physical disabilities at
Pusat Latihan Perindustrian dan Pemulihan (PLPP) Bangi. Independent t-test analysis was
utilized to answer the research questions. Study results identified self-kindness was the most
vital factor of self-compassion among students with physical disabilities. Students with
physical disabilities reported isolation was the factor that makes a gap among them with others.
These findings were important as it was providing insight into the social interaction and
confidence level among students with physical disabilities.

Keywords: Self Compassion, Physical Disability, PLPP Bangi

17

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 016

PROFILE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCAL VISITORS TO
THE KILIM KARST GEOFOREST PARK, LANGKAWI.

Faaiz Faisal., Hisyam Che Mat., Aisyah Rosalam., Nazreen Karim., & Afiq Yazid
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam.
Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Kilim Karst Geoforest Park (KKGP) provides a nature park with thick mangrove forest
featuring wonderful lagoons and beaches that can be one of the best attraction spots to visitors
from various countries in the world. The information gathered from visitors to the park allows
visitors to be categorized and can be used for research and tourism purposes. Therefore, this
paper aims to define local visitors 7339; profiles and characteristics. To obtain primary data
from 364 local visitors, a questionnaire and a face-to-face method of data collection were used.
The raw data is presented in a simpler form using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) version 21. The findings suggested that most respondents are highly educated, earn less
than RM5,000.00 per month, originated mainly from Kedah, and work in the private sector.
40% of the respondents used a tour package for the overall trip from home. The findings will
help the potential researchers, readers, and tourism industries to acknowledge what the most
visitors’ characteristics and provided information that can be useful toward the eco- tourism
management, the body of knowledge.

Keywords: Langkawi, Geoforest Park, Visitors characteristics, Visitors profile, Local Visitors

18

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 017

EVALUATION OF FRIENDSHIP QUALITY OUTCOMES AMONG
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AT PUSAT LATIHAN
PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PEMULIHAN BANGI

Nazreen Karim., Hisyam Che Mat., Afiq Yazid., Faaiz Faisal., Aisyah Rosalam., &
Farieza Natasha

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
Correspondent Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Friends were one of the important people in someone’s life. Not all people either a normal
person or disabled people in this world can live without a friend. When people do connect with
their friends, the relationship between them named “friendship & quote” does exist. However,
the friendship between males and females might be different according to the way they
interacted with each other. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the
differences between gender and sport friendship quality outcomes among people with
disabilities in Pusat Latihan Perindustrian dan Pemulihan (PLPP) Bangi. The target
respondents for this study were 113 (74 males and 39 females) consists of adolescents and
adults who were in the range of 18-40 years old. These participants were assessed using the
Friendship Quality Scale. The data was collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS). The finding revealed that gender was insignificant with a sport
friendship quality scale.

Keywords: Friendship quality, disability, gender, adolescents, sport friendship quality scale, PLPP
Bangi

19

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

ID: 018

UNLOCKING YOUTH BACKPACKERS MOTIVATION EXPERIENCE
AND SATISFACTION

Fatin Izzati Binti Mohd Yusoff , Rezian-na Muhammed Kassim , Hisyam Che Mat &
Azyann Safwan Salfian Medi

Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Selangor.
Correspondent Author : [email protected]

Abstract

Backpacking, as one of the modes of traveling, is attainment much consideration among
scholars. In Malaysia, the numbers of young backpackers are increasing year by year; however,
there is still a lack of study about their motivation and satisfaction, mainly due to the
misconception defining their motive as a budget traveler. This study employed a quantitative
method with the sample size of 251 youth backpacker's ages between 15 until 34 years old.
Multiplier linear regressions and descriptive analysis were employed. The result showed that
primarily motivated of intellectual motivation, social motivation, and competency motivation
has significant impact on satisfaction. Future planning should consider the importance of
backpackers as a target market in the tourism marketing strategy and sustainability of this
traveler market. The result would be fruitful to various stakeholders such as marketers and
traveler businesses in order to recognize and develop motivation experience in the future.

Keyword: Youth Backpacker, Motivation, Satisfaction, Malaysia

20

Malaysian Outdoor Recreation Conference 2019
18-19 December 2019
Putrajaya, Malaysia

IDP: 001

PROFIL KOMPETENSI KEMAHIRAN BERKAYAK PENSYARAH
INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU MALAYSIA

Md Amin Md Taff., Norkhalid Salimin., Jaffry Zakaria., Mazuki Mohd Yasim ., Benderi
Dasril., & Muhammad Jun Basaruddin

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Correspondents Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Outdoor education as part of Institute of Teacher Education’s (IPG) co-curricular component is aimed
towards inculcating soft skills, leadership, teamwork as well as building strong teacher identity amongst
IPG’s teacher trainees. This component also stresses on the use of outdoor education activities such as
kayaking as tools in delivery of curriculum content. A standardized competency in outdoor education
which is accredited by their official agencies is deemed necessary towards meeting the safety
requirements while conducting such activities, especially for high-risk outdoor activity such as kayak.
Up to this point, there is no policy requirement that sets the levels of competency required by IPG’s
lecturers in charge of outdoor education component. This research aims to develop a competency
profiling of 21 lecturers (n=21) selected from 27 IPG campuses nationwide who teach this component.
Scoring Instruments for Canoeing Skills and Knowledge Components used in Star 1 Certification
developed and accredited by Malaysia’s Board of Canoe Education (MBOCE) are used to ascertain the
competency level of the lecturer. Field research is conducted alongside a three-day intensive training
conducted at “Tasik Marina, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. All the 21 respondents were tested and
assessed on two components; skills competency and knowledge competency in kayaking. This research
finding shows that IPG’s lecturers’ (n=21) skills’ competency is good, with everyone achieving the
minimal percentage (42%). However, in the knowledge competency component, research shows that a
total of 5 (n=5) lecturers failed to meet the minimal passing score, thus automatically disqualifying
them to achieve the Star 1 certification and be categorized as not competent based on MBOEC’s
standards. This research study has proposed that similar competency level profiling to be conducted to
other outdoor education activities in IPG’s curriculum. This will ensure safety standards in conducting
outdoor activities are met, without compromising on the quality and course’s educational outcomes of
IPG’s curriculum delivery.

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