41 (e) We use singular verbs for collective nouns which refer to groups as a whole. The nouns are considered singular. (f) However, when the collective noun refers to individuals within the group, the noun takes a plural verb. (g) We use singular verbs for words like each, nobody and every. These words are followed by singular nouns. (h) Singular nouns followed by with and together with must go with singular verbs. This is because the nouns are still considered as singular. (i) We use has for singular nouns and have for plural nouns. 1 A herd of cows grazes in the field. 2 The band of musicians plays well. Examples 1 The audience clap their hands and stand up. 2 The police are very busy stopping the cars. Examples 1 Every girl brings her own food. 2 Each student pays RM10. 3 Nobody is staying back. Examples 1 The boy, with his dog, takes a walk. 2 Sally, together with her friends, goes to a movie. Examples 1 Ruth has a white bag but Beatrice has a red bag. 2 The boys have to bring their own food for the trip. Examples ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
42 (j) Either ... or and neither ... nor can be singular or plural. (k) Amount, distances and numbers are taken as single units if used as subjects. 1 Three is enough. 2 Ten kilometres is a long way to drive. 3 Twelve is an even number. 4 Five ringgit is all that I need. Examples (l) Names of countries are singular. (m) When we use negative expressions, we use does not for singular nouns and do not for plural nouns. 1 Either Henry or his sister has to help me. (If the noun preceding the verb is singular, use a singular verb) 2 Either the boys or the girls have to go to the hall. (If the noun preceding the verb is plural, use a plural verb) 3 Neither Luke nor his friends play badminton. Examples 1 The United States is an advanced country. 2 The Philippines has a large population. Examples 1 The baby cries. The baby does not cry. 2 The dogs eat bones. The dogs do not eat bones. Examples ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
43 COMMON ERRORS One of the girls are crying. One of the girls is crying. My mother sew lovely dresses. My mother sews lovely dresses. Brian and Johnny writes neatly. Brian and Johnny write neatly. The water in the cup are dirty. The water in the cup is dirty. Every child sleep in the big room. Every child sleeps in the big room. Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs in brackets. 1 The team of players (be) practising harder than usual today. 2 No news (be) good news. 3 Some of the junk (have) been left on the table. 4 The members of the committee (live) in those big houses on the hill. 5 Mrs Kuna (do) not believe in corporal punishment. 6 We (not want) to go camping with the boys. 7 All this clothing (belong) to Mimi. 8 My father (not own) this house. 9 Sally, like her sister, (like) cooking. 10 Nobody (get) along with that rude girl. 11 There is no special rate, everyone (pay) RM30 for admission. 12 Either you or Jill (have) to finish the report. 13 Azmir and Azhar (have) different interests. 14 This (be) all the information that I found on the Internet. 15 Neither of them (look) happy about the outcome. ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
44 Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box. Make the necessary changes where needed. ring flow appeal put cost work conduct drive sing practise 1 The water in the rivers to the valleys and hills. 2 Nobody as fast as you do. 3 The team football every week. 4 The staff workshops for the students twice a month. 5 Saroja is one of those who very hard. 6 “I know all of you in a lot of effort in this project,” said Puan Norma to her students. 7 Your clothes always more than mine. 8 She to the principal when she needs help from him. 9 My alarm clock at seven every morning. 10 The school choir only classical songs. Exercise 3 Complete the following passage with the correct verbs. Write your answers in the space provided. The temperature up on Fraser’s Hill (1) (be) cool and refreshing. The temperatures (2) (range) between 18°C to 23°C. The people who (3) (live) there lead simple and happy lives. They either (4) (work) as farmers or shopkeepers. ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
45 The town (5) (have) basic amenities such as a post office, banks and a few restaurants. The main attractions (6) (be) the golf courses and camping sites. As the drive from the city is just two hours, many tourists (7) (prefer) going to Fraser’s Hill rather than other highlands. On the way up the hill, one will get to (8) (see) a lot of greenery. Anyone who (9) (have) been to Fraser’s Hill always (10) (return) for another visit. Exercise 4 Complete the following description of Bill Gates’ achievement with the correct form of verbs. Gates’ foresight and vision for personal computing (1) (have) been central to the success of Microsoft Office. Along with his wife, he set up the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It (2) (support) disease immunisation programmes, research into HIV/ Aids and education for the poor through an endowment of $30 billion. This (3) (make) the foundation the largest charity in the world. Gates (4) (feel) positive about the changes that have been made. In today’s world, paper has (5) (become) a thing of the past. There (6) (be) no textbooks, no magazines and no newspapers. Instead we will carry an object he (7) (call) a tablet, a slim device like a clipboard that (8) (cater) to all our information and entertainment needs. ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
46 Exercise 5 Complete the following description of the National Zoo with the correct form of verbs. Over 4,000 animals from 400 different species of mammals, reptiles, birds and fish are believed to (1) (live) at the zoo. Of course, visitors (2) (not see) all 4,000 of them. The zoo also (3) (boast) an open concept with spacious exhibits beautifully landscaped. The notable exhibits (4) (include) the Reptile House, Malaysian Elephants, Nocturnal Exhibits, Bear Complex, Mammal Kingdom, Savannah Walk, Ape Centre and the Cat Walk. Besides exhibits, Zoo Negara also (5) (conduct) performances such as the elephant show as well as the nocturnal animal show. The natural odour of the animals (6) (permeate) the entire zoo and its natural landscape (7) (be) unspoilt. Another unique feature is that the zoo (8) (go) green to save costs as well as to help preserve its natural environment. ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
291 Answers Unit 1 Exercise 1 1 the, the/a 2 a, – 3 an 4 a, a, a, the, the 5 –, an, the 6 a, the, The 7 An, a, The 8 the, –, an 9 a, a, a, the/a, The 10 the, the, a, a Exercise 2 1 2 My uncle is filling up his car with the petrol. 3 Bob and his father are leaving for the London next month. 4 Kate met with an accident at the Temple Street. 5 My friends are attending the squash lessons. 6 Bring a box of the books to the hall. 7 8 We go to a school early in the morning. 9 I am keen on the knitting and sewing. 10 Exercise 3 1 some 2 Some, the, some 3 –, – 4 The, the, the, the, the, some 5 a, the, Some 6 some 7 an 8 some 9 –, some/–, a 10 a, a Exercise 4 1 B 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 A 9 C 10 D Exercise 5 Text 1 1 C 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 D 9 D 10 D Text 2 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 D Exercise 6 Text 1 1 an 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 – 6 the 7 the 8 – 9 a 10 – 11 an/the 12 – Text 2 1 – 2 a 3 The 4 an 5 the 6 The 7 a 8 the 9 the 10 the 11 – 12 a Text 3 1 – 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 the 7 a 8 the 9 – 10 the ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
292 Unit 2 Exercise 1 Tucked away on the foothills of Mount Santubong is the award-winning Sarawak Cultural Village. Described as Southeast Asia’s finest museum and cultural showcase, this tourist resort offers the heritage, culture and crafts of Sarawak’s ethnic groups in one location. Officially opened in 1990, it is set in a tranquil setting of landscaped tropical forests. It is considered a must-visit for every visitor to Kuching because it showcases the various attributes of the major ethnic population, namely the Malay, Chinese, Iban, Orang Ulu, Bidayuh, Melanau and Penan. While there is nothing comparable to visiting the actual dwelling sites of these tribes who thrive in the delta of the Rajang River or in deep rainforests, the showcases in this village are pretty much as close as one can get in getting to know the colourful multi-ethnic characteristics of the state. Exercise 2 To speak well before an audience, there are some tips to follow. First, you must have knowledge of the topic. Do enough preparation for your speech. Grab the audience’s attention in the first few minutes with a question or a funny experience. This will help you to connect with everyone and reduce the tension. You also have to control the tone and volume of your voice. Very important, speak with expression. Put emotion into what you say. This has more impact on listeners. In addition, never rush through your speech. The audience will lose interest in your speech. Look in the eyes of your audience. Try to make as much eye contact as possible. It will put you at ease. It also shows that whatever you are saying, you are saying it with conviction. Exercise 3 1 courage 2 truth 3 generosity 4 fear 5 exhaustion 6 patience 7 boredom 8 knowledge 9 loyalty 10 beauty 11 importance 12 drought 13 information 14 applause 15 advice Exercise 4 1 deforestation 2 impact 3 provision 4 assurance 5 survival 6 disappearance 7 loss 8 malnutrition 9 migration 10 preservation 11 destruction 12 shortage 13 erosion 14 pollution Exercise 5 Text 1 1 development 2 image 3 esteem 4 failure 5 improvement 6 reaction 7 decision Text 2 1 anger 2 stress 3 damage 4 pressure 5 constriction 6 health 7 emotions 8 management 9 composure 10 wisdom ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
293 Unit 3 Exercise 1 Nouns used as adjectives Nouns 1 cheese 2 cheese 3 kitchen 4 kitchen 5 Grammar 6 grammar 7 gold 8 gold 9 police 10 police 11 cotton 12 cotton 13 tax 14 tax 15 school 16 school 17 flower 18 flower 19 fruit 20 fruit Exercise 2 1 We went to camp at the top of the hill at an old mining camp. 2 We decided to stay longer and fish some more fish. 3 I will not drink that strange black drink. 4 Everyone on this block decided to block off the road for the wedding party. 5 “I will cook your favourite meal,” said the cook. 6 I forgot to lock the lock on our garage. 7 When Lina began to laugh , I realised that it was the loudest laugh I had ever heard. 8 We could smell the smell of bread from across the road. 9 The stress of the exam began to stress us out. 10 “The object is too expensive,” I started to object to Jim’s suggestion. 11 “I cannot reply to your reply right now,” I said firmly. 12 The hunt began early as they were determined to hunt down the murderer. Exercise 3 1 explanation 2 length 3 pleasure 4 beginning 5 curiosity 6 darkness 7 attraction 8 revival 9 youth 10 breath 11 humility 12 hatred 13 fame 14 dirt 15 discovery Exercise 4 1 The children are watching the flight of the flamingos at the zoo. 2 The old man is well known for his wisdom. 3 My friend lost her sight in the accident. 4 Many people like him because of his kindness. 5 I will not take your things without your permission. 6 I have to make a payment of RM500. 7 He was unhappy with the child’s behaviour last night. 8 I must congratulate you on your success. 9 The girls’ decision to join the camping trip is a good one. 10 We found James’ speech interesting. 11 We gained a lot of knowledge from the jungle trip. 12 The lady gave a detailed description of the robber. 13 All of us need to have strength in times of crisis. 14 The departure of the plane was announced five minutes ago. Exercise 5 1 happiness 2 responsibility 3 operation 4 behaviour 5 childhood ENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD