49 6 Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu litar rektifikasi gelombang penuh. Diagram 2 shows a full-wave rectification circuit. ke O.S.K. to C.R.O. X R Rajah 2/Diagram 2 Komponen X disambung secara selari dengan perintang, R untuk meratakan arus output. Apakah komponen X? Component X is connected in parallel to a resistor, R to smoothen the output current. What is the component X? A Diod C Perintang Diode Resistor B Kapasitor D Transistor Capacitor Transistor TP 2 BT ms.186 7 Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan empat buah diod dalam satu litar rektifikasi gelombang penuh. Diagram 3 shows the arrangement of four diodes in a full-wave rectification circuit. ke O.S.K. to C.R.O. A B H G D E C F 1 3 4 2 Rajah 3/Diagram 3 Apakah nama susunan diod itu? What is the name of the arrangement of diodes? A Rektifier tetimbang Bridge rectifier B Rektifier arus terus Direct current rectifier C Rektifier gelombang penuh Full-wave rectifier D Rektifier arus ulang-alik Alternating current rectifier TP 1 BT ms.184 8 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan voltan output bagi rektifikasi gelombang penuh yang disambungkan secara selari dengan kapasitor? Which of the following shows the output voltage of the full-wave rectification that is connected in parallel with a capacitor? Aras R Aras R Aras R A C B D TP 2 BT ms.186 9 Apakah fungsi suatu diod? What is the function of a diode? A Suis automatik C Sensor Automatic switch Sensor B Amplifier arus D Injap Current amplifier Valve TP 1 BT ms.182 10 Mentol dalam litar manakah yang akan menyala? Which bulb in the circuit will light up? A C B D TP 2 BT ms.182 11 Mentol dalam litar dalam Rajah 4 tidak menyala apabila suis itu ditutup. The bulb in the circuit in Diagram 4 does not light up when the switch is closed. Diod/Diode Mentol Bulb 6 V Rajah 4/Diagram 4 Apakah perubahan yang perlu dilakukan pada litar supaya mentol itu menyala? What adjustment must be done to the circuit for the bulb to light up? A Tukar mentol Change the bulb B Terbalikkan kutub diod Reverse the diode pole C Tingkatkan voltan bateri Increase the voltage of the battery D Keluarkan suis daripada litar Remove the switch from the circuit TP 3 BT ms.182 Aras R Aras R Aras S Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 49 14/1/2025 10:58:00 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
50 5.3 Transistor Transistor 12 Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu litar penggera kawalan haba. Diagram 5 shows a heat-controlled alarm circuit. Siren Siren Mentol Bulb Termistor Thermistor R 10 kΩ 1 kΩ 9 V B C E IC IB Rajah 5/Diagram 5 Keadaan manakah yang akan menghidupkan mentol dan siren? Which condition will turn on the bulb and siren? Suhu persekitaran Surrounding temperature Rintangan termistor Resistance of thermistor Rintangan R Resistance of R A Panas/Hot Tinggi/High Rendah/Low B Panas/Hot Rendah/Low Tinggi/High C Sejuk/Cold Tinggi/High Rendah/Low D Sejuk/Cold Rendah/Low Tinggi/High TP 2 BT ms.191 13 Rajah 6 menunjukkan satu litar transistor yang berfungsi sebagai suis automatik. Diagram 6 shows a transistor circuit functioning as an automatic switch. 10 kΩ PPC LDR Mentol Bulb 12V 1 kΩ Rajah 6/Diagram 6 Mentol menyala dalam keadaan gelap apabila beza keupayaan merentasi perintang 10 kΩ ialah 5.0 V. Hitung rintangan perintang peka cahaya (PPC) apabila mentol menyala. The bulb lights up in the dark when the potential difference across the 10 kΩ resistor is 5.0 V. Calculate the LDR resistance when the bulb lights up. A 7 kΩ C 10 kΩ B 14 kΩ D 16 kΩ TP 3 BT ms.190 Aras R Aras S 14 Rajah 7 menunjukkan litar suis kawalan cahaya. Diagram 7 shows a light-controlled switch circuit. IC IB 9 V PPC LDR R B E C Rajah 7/Diagram 7 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menghuraikan rintangan PPC dan voltan merentasi B dan E yang membolehkan mentol menyala apabila persekitaran gelap? Which of the following describes the LDR resistance and the voltage across B and E that enables the bulb to light up when the surrounding is dark? Rintangan PPC LDR resistance Voltan merentasi B dan E Voltage across B and E A Berkurang/Decreases Rendah/Low B Meningkat/Increases Tinggi/High C Berkurang/Decreases Tinggi/High D Meningkat/Increases Rendah/Low TP 2 BT ms.191 15 Rajah 8 menunjukkan litar ringkas yang terdiri daripada transistor pnp. Diagram 8 shows a simple circuit consisting of a pnp transistor. IC IE IB Perintang Resistor Rajah 8/Diagram 8 Perbandingan manakah yang betul antara IE , IB dan IC? Which comparison between IE , IB and IC is correct? A IE IB IC B IB IC IE C IC IE IB D IE IC IB TP 2 BT ms.190 Aras R Aras R Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 50 14/1/2025 10:58:01 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
51 Kertas 2 / Paper 2 Bahagian A / Section A 5.1 Elektron/Electron 1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiub pemesongan yang digunakan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri sinar katod. Sinar katod dihasilkan apabila elektron dipancarkan dari permukaan katod yang dipanaskan. BT ms.176–178 Diagram 1 shows a deflection tube which is used to study the characteristics of a cathode ray. The cathode ray is produced when electrons are emitted from a heated surface of a cathode. Vacuum tube Plat pemesongan Tiub vakum Deflection plate Senapang elektron Electron gun Plat pemesongan Deflection plate Medan elektrik Electric field Bekalan kuasa V.L.T. E.H.T. power supply Bekalan kuasa V.L.T. E.H.T. power supply Bekalan kuasa 6 V 6 V power supply + + + e – – – Rajah 1/Diagram 1 (a) Nyatakan tujuan tiub itu mesti divakumkan. TP 1 Aras R State the purpose why the tube must be vacuumed. [1 markah/mark] (b) Pada Rajah 1, lukis laluan elektron ketika melalui medan elektrik. TP 2 Aras R On Diagram 1, draw the path of the electron as it passes through the electric field. [1 markah/mark] (c) Hitung halaju elektron selepas dipecutkan daripada keadaan rehat dengan beza keupayaan sebanyak 5 000 V. TP 3 Aras S [Jisim elektron, m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg] Calculate the velocity of an electron after it has been accelerated from rest with a potential difference of 5 000 V. [Mass of an electron, m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg] [2 markah/marks] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 51 14/1/2025 10:58:01 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
52 5.2 Diod Semikonduktor/Semiconductor Diode 2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan isyarat input dan output apabila komponen X disambungkan pada suatu litar ringkas. BT ms.184–185 Diagram 2 shows the input signal and the output signal when component X is connected to a simple circuit. Isyarat input Input signal Isyarat output Output signal 6 V R X Rajah 2/Diagram 2 (a) Namakan komponen X. TP 1 Aras R Name component X. [1 markah/mark] (b) Lukis simbol komponen X. TP 1 Aras R Draw the symbol of component X. [1 markah/mark] (c) Nyatakan fungsi komponen X. TP 1 Aras R State the function of component X. [1 markah/mark] (d) Namakan satu komponen elektronik yang boleh disambungkan pada litar itu untuk meratakan arus output. TP 1 Aras R Name one electronic component that can be connected to the circuit to smoothen the output current. [1 markah/mark] (e) Lukis litar dalam Rajah 2 dengan komponen elektronik yang dinyatakan di 2(a) dan 2(d). TP 2 Aras R Draw the circuit in Diagram 2 with the electronic components mentioned in 2(a) and 2(d). [2 markah/marks] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 52 14/1/2025 10:58:01 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
53 5.3 Transistor/Transistor 3 (a) Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan suatu komponen elektronik. BT ms.187 Diagram 3.1 shows an electronic component. Namakan komponen elektronik itu dan nyatakan fungsinya. Name the electronic component and state its function. TP 1 Aras R [2 markah/marks] (b) Dalam susunan litar dalam Rajah 3.2, didapati bahawa LED itu tidak memancarkan cahaya. LED itu akan menyala apabila beza keupayaan merentasinya lebih besar daripada 2.0 V. In the circuit arrangement in Diagram 3.2, it is found that the LED does not emit light. The LED will light up when the potential difference across it is greater than 2.0 V. BT ms.190–191 (i) Namakan komponen P. TP 1 Aras R Name component P. [1 markah/mark] (ii) Suatu perubahan terhadap persekitaran komponen P menyebabkan LED memancarkan cahaya. Nyatakan perubahan persekitaran itu. TP 3 Aras S A change in the environment around component P causes the LED to emit light. State the change in the environment. [1 markah/mark] (iii) Terangkan jawapan anda di 3(b)(ii). TP 2 Aras R Explain your answer in 3(b)(ii). [2 markah/marks] Bahagian B / Section B 5.3 Transistor/Transistor 4 (a) (i) Apakah transistor? BT ms.187 TP 1 Aras R What is a transistor? [1 markah/mark] (ii) Lukis dan labelkan simbol transistor pnp. BT ms.187 TP 1 Aras R Draw and label the symbol of a pnp transistor. [2 markah/marks] (iii) Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara transistor npn dengan transistor pnp. BT ms.187 TP 1 Aras R State one difference between a npn transistor and a pnp transistor. [1 markah/mark] Rajah 3.1/Diagram 3.1 8050 0 331 Rajah 3.2/Diagram 3.2 6 V P Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 53 14/1/2025 10:58:02 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
54 (b) Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu litar bertransistor. R2 mempunyai rintangan 3.0 kΩ. BT ms.191 Diagram 4.1 shows a transistor circuit. R2 has a resistance of 3.0 kΩ. R1 R3 R2 9.0 V Rajah 4.1/Diagram 4.1 (i) Nyatakan fungsi R3 . TP 2 Aras R State the function of R3 . [1 markah/mark] (ii) Untuk mentol menyala, voltan merentasi R1 mestilah sekurang-kurangnya 6.0 V. Hitung rintangan R1 apabila mentol itu menyala. TP 3 Aras S For the bulb to light up, the voltage across R1 must be at least 6.0 V. Calculate the resistance of R1 when the bulb lights up. [3 markah/marks] (iii) Apakah yang akan berlaku pada mentol sekiranya rintangan R1 kurang daripada nilai yang dihitung di 4(b)(ii)? Jelaskan jawapan anda. TP 4 Aras S KBAT Menganalisis What will happen to the bulb if the resistance of R1 is less than the calculated value in 4(b)(ii)? Explain your answer. [2 markah/marks] (c) Sheila perlu mengawasi bayinya yang tidur di bilik lain. Dia memerlukan sejenis pencetus di biliknya untuk menyedarkannya jika bayinya bangun dan mula menangis pada waktu malam. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan empat litar yang berbeza. Sheila needs to monitor her baby who sleeps in another room. She needs a trigger in her room to alert her if her baby wakes up and starts crying at night. Diagram 4.2 shows four different circuits. Litar W Circuit W 1 kΩ Reostat Rheostat Penggera Alarm Kapasitor Capacitor Termistor Thermistor Litar Y Circuit Y 1 kΩ Reostat Rheostat Penggera Alarm Kapasitor Capacitor Mikrofon Microphone Litar X Circuit X 1 kΩ Reostat Rheostat Mentol Bulb Kapasitor Capacitor Mikrofon Microphone Litar Z Circuit Z 1 kΩ Mentol Bulb Kapasitor Capacitor Termistor Thermistor Rajah 4.2/Diagram 4.2 Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 54 14/1/2025 10:58:02 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
55 Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat litar dalam Rajah 5.2 berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang berikut: Study the specifications of all four circuits in Diagram 5.2 based on the following aspects: (i) Jenis sensor dan posisinya/Type of sensor and its position (ii) Jenis pencetus dan posisinya/Type of trigger and its position (iii) Fungsi perintang-perintang/The function of the resistors (iv) Fungsi kapasitor/The function of the capacitor Pilih litar yang paling sesuai untuk mengawasi bayi itu. Beri alasan untuk pilihan anda. Choose the most suitable circuit to monitor the baby. Give reasons for your choice. TP 4 TP 5 Aras T KBAT Menganalisis KBAT Menilai [10 markah/marks] Bahagian C / Section C 5.1 Elektron/Electron 5 Rajah 5 menunjukkan tiub sinar katod bagi suatu osiloskop. BT ms.175–178 Diagram 5 shows the cathode ray tube of an oscilloscope. − + + Plat-X X-plate Plat-Y Grid kawalan Y-plate Control grid V.L.T. E.H.T. Filamen pemanas Heating lament Skrin berpendaruor Fluorescent screen Tompok cerah Bright spot Alur elektron Electron beam Vakum Vacuum Katod Cathode Anod memfokus Focusing anode Anod memecut Accelerating anode Rajah 5/Diagram 5 (a) (i) Apakah sinar katod?/What is a cathode ray? TP 1 Aras R [1 markah/mark] (ii) Nyatakan empat sifat sinar katod./State four properties of cathode rays. TP 2 Aras R [4 markah/marks] (iii) Terangkan bagaimana tiub sinar katod itu bekerja. TP 3 Aras S Explain how the cathode ray tube works. [2 markah/marks] (b) Suatu elektron dipecutkan dari katod ke anod dengan beza keupayaan sebanyak 500 V. An electron is accelerated from cathode to anode with a potential difference of 500 V. (i) Nyatakan transformasi tenaga yang berlaku apabila elektron memecut ke arah anod. TP 2 Aras R State the energy transformation that occurs when the electron accelerates towards the anode. [1 markah/mark] (ii) Hitung halaju elektron apabila elektron terkena skrin pendarfluor. TP 3 Aras S Calculate the velocity of the electron as it hits the fluorescent screen. [2 markah/marks] (c) Tiub sinar katod merupakan salah satu komponen utama yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan imej pada skrin sebuah televisyen. Terangkan prinsip kerja tiub sinar katod berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang berikut: TP 4 Aras S KBAT Menganalisis Cathode ray tube is one of the main components used to produce images on a television screen. Explain the working principle of a cathode ray tube based on the following aspects: (i) Penghasilan sinar katod/The production of cathode ray (ii) Sistem pemesongan/The deflection system (iii) Sistem skrin/The screen system [10 markah/marks] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 55 14/1/2025 10:58:02 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
56 5.2 Diod Semikonduktor/ Semiconductor Diode 6 (a) (i) Apakah semikonduktor? TP 1 Aras R What is a semiconductor? [1 markah/mark] (ii) Beri dua contoh bahan semikonduktor. TP 1 Aras R Give two examples of a semiconductor material. [2 markah/marks] (iii) Kekonduksian suatu semikonduktor dapat ditingkatkan dengan pendopan. Terangkan apa itu pendopan. TP 2 Aras R The conductivity of a semiconductor can be increased by doping. Explain what is doping. [3 markah/marks] (b) Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua litar ringkas yang mengandungi diod. BT ms.182 Diagram 6 shows two simple circuits containing diodes. 6 V + Suis Switch Suis Switch Diod Diode Diod Diode Mentol A Bulb A Mentol B Bulb B 6 V + Rajah 6/Diagram 6 Apabila suis dihidupkan, mentol A menyala tetapi mentol B tidak menyala. Terangkan pencahayaan mentol dari segi cara penyambungan diod ke terminal bateri untuk mendeduksikan konsep fizik yang berkaitan. TP 3 Aras S When the switch is turned on, bulb A lights up but bulb B does not light up. Explain the lighting of the bulbs in terms of the way the diode is connected to the terminals of the batteries to deduce a relevant physics concept. [4 markah/marks] (c) Anda dibekalkan dengan empat diod, sebuah perintang, sebuah kapasitor dan dua set osiloskop sinar katod. Terangkan bagaimana anda akan menggunakan komponen-komponen elektronik ini untuk menukarkan input arus ulang-alik kepada output arus terus yang rata. Dengan bantuan gambar rajah litar, terangkan reka bentuk anda berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang berikut: You are provided with four diodes, a resistor, a capacitor and two sets of cathode ray oscilloscopes. Explain how you would use the electronic components to convert an alternating current input to a smooth direct current output. With the aid of a circuit diagram, explain your design based on the following aspects: TP 4 TP 6 Aras T KBAT Menganalisis KBAT Mencipta (i) Susunan komponen-komponen dalam litar The arrangement of the components in the circuit (ii) Aliran arus melalui setiap diod dan beban The flow of current through each diode and the load (iii) Kaedah meratakan arus output The method of smoothing the output current (iv) Kaedah yang digunakan untuk melihat bentuk gelombang arus input dan output The method used to view the waveforms of the input and output current [10 markah/marks] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 56 14/1/2025 10:58:03 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
57 5.3 Transistor/Transistor 7 (a) Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan simbol transistor. BT ms.187 Diagram 7.1 shows the symbol of a transistor. (i) Namakan jenis transistor itu. TP 1 Aras R Name the type of the transistor. [1 markah/mark] (ii) Namakan terminal X, Y dan Z. TP 1 Aras R Name terminals X, Y and Z. [3 markah/marks] (b) Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan litar dengan transistor npn. Pada mulanya, mentol P tidak menyala tetapi mentol Q menyala. Apabila nilai RB dikurangkan, kedua-dua mentol menyala. BT ms.188 Diagram 7.2 shows a circuit with a npn transistor. Initially, bulb P does not light up but bulb Q lights up. When RB is reduced, both the bulbs light up. (i) Terangkan prinsip kerja transistor dengan membandingkan arus tapak, IB, arus pengumpul, IC, dan arus pengeluar, IE. Explain the working principle of the transistor by comparing the base current, IB, collector current, IC and emitter current, IE. TP 4 Aras S [5 markah/marks] (ii) Tulis suatu ungkapan untuk mewakili hubungan antara arus tapak, IB, arus pengumpul, IC dan arus pengeluar, IE. TP 2 Aras R Write an expression to represent the relationship between base current, IB, collector current, IC and emitter current, IE. [1 markah/mark] (c) Kamal merancang untuk memasang beberapa lampu di kebunnya. Lampu-lampu itu perlu dihidupkan secara automatik setiap malam, dan dimatikan pada siang hari. Kamal telah membeli beberapa komponen elektronik seperti yang berikut untuk membina litar suis kawalan cahaya automatik. Kamal plans to fix some outdoor lights in his garden. The lights need to be switched on automatically every night, and switched off during the day. Kamal has bought the following electronic components to build an automatic light-controlled switch circuit. Lampu Lamp Dua perintang Two resistors Perintang peka cahaya (PPC) Light-dependent resistor (LDR) Bateri 12 V 12 V battery 8050 0 331 Transistor Transistor Rajah 7.3/Diagram 7.3 Anda diminta untuk mencadangkan satu litar ringkas suis kawalan cahaya dengan menggunakan kesemua komponen elektronik dalam Rajah 7.3, menggunakan idea prinsip kerja suatu transistor. Lukis litar yang menunjukkan reka bentuk anda. Dalam penerangan anda, tekankan fungsi bagi setiap komponen. TP 4 TP 6 Aras T KBAT Menganalisis KBAT Mencipta You are required to suggest a simple light-controlled switch circuit by using all the electronic components in Diagram 7.3, using the idea of the working principle of a transistor. Draw a circuit that shows your design. In your explanation, emphasise the function of each component. [10 markah/marks] Rajah 7.1/Diagram 7.1 Z X Y P C B E I I E B IC RB Q Rajah 7.2/Diagram 7.2 Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B5 3rd.indd 57 14/1/2025 10:58:03 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
58 6.1 Reputan Radioaktif Radioactive Decay 1 Berapakah bilangan nukleon dalam nukleus 208 82Pb? How many nucleons are there in a nucleus of 208 82Pb? A 82 C 208 B 126 D 290 TP 1 BT ms.200 2 Apakah zarah-zarah yang terkandung dalam suatu nukleus atom? What are the particles found in the nucleus of an atom? A Elektron dan neutron Electrons and neutrons B Elektron dan proton Electrons and protons C Neutron dan proton Neutrons and protons D Neutron sahaja Only neutrons TP 1 BT ms.200 3 Sinaran manakah yang boleh dihentikan oleh sehelai kertas? Which radiation can be stopped by a sheet of paper? A Zarah alfa C Sinar gama Alpha particles Gamma rays B Zarah beta D Sinar-X Beta particles X-ray TP 1 BT ms.200–201 4 Ciri-ciri manakah yang menghuraikan zarah β dengan betul? Which characteristics correctly describe b-particles? Cas/Charge Jisim/Mass A Positif Positive Kecil Small B Positif Positive Besar Large C Negatif Negative Kecil Small D Negatif Negative Besar Large TP 1 BT ms.201 Aras R Aras R Aras R Aras R 5 Reputan radioaktif dihuraikan sebagai spontan dan rawak. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan spontan dalam konteks ini? Radioactive decay is described as spontaneous and random. What is meant by spontaneous in this context? A Mustahil untuk meramalkan atom seterusnya yang akan mereput It is impossible to predict the next atom to decay B Reputan radioaktif tidak dipengaruhi oleh sebarang situasi atau bahan The radioactive decay is not influenced by any situation or substance C Reputan radioaktif hanya dipengaruhi oleh sifat kimia bahan The radioactive decay is only affected by the chemical properties of a substance D Reputan radioaktif adalah eksponen The radioactive decay is exponential TP 1 BT ms.200 6 Sebuah artifak yang ditemui didapati mengandungi 1 16 daripada bilangan asal karbon radioaktif. Hitung usia artifak itu jika separuh hayat bagi karbon radioaktif ialah 1 200 tahun. An artefact that has been discovered is found to have 1 16 of its initial number of radioactive carbon. Determine the age of the artefact if the half-life of the radioactive carbon is 1 200 years. A 6 000 tahun C 3 600 tahun 6 000 years 3 600 years B 4 800 tahun D 1 200 tahun 4 800 years 1 200 years TP 3 BT ms.202 7 Separuh hayat bagi suatu bahan radioaktif ialah 3 jam. Satu sampel diuji dan didapati mengandungi 0.52 g bahan radioaktif tersebut. Berapakah jisim bahan radioaktif dalam sampel, 21 jam sebelum sampel itu diuji? The half-life of a radioactive substance is 3 hours. A sample is tested and found containing 0.52 g of the substance. What is the mass of the substance present in the sample, 21 hours before the sample is tested? A 0.52 g C 40.63 g B 3.64 g D 66.56 g TP 3 BT ms.202 Aras R Aras S Aras S Kertas 1 / Paper 1 BAB 6 Fizik Nuklear Nuclear Physics Tema 4: Fizik Moden Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 58 14/1/2025 11:16:28 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
59 8 Radioisotop manakah yang boleh digunakan untuk menentukan usia batu? Which radioisotope can be used to determine the age of a rock? A Kobalt-60 C Uranium-235 Cobalt-60 Uranium-235 B Karbon-14 D Fosforus-32 Carbon-14 Phosphorus-32 TP 1 BT ms.203 9 Jisim awal suatu unsur radioaktif ialah 40 g dan separuh hayatnya ialah 10 hari. Pernyataan manakah yang tidak benar tentang jisim unsur radioaktif itu? The initial mass of a radioactive element is 40 g and its half-life is 10 days. Which statement is not true about the mass of the radioactive element? A 10 hari sebelumnya, jisimnya ialah 80 g 10 days earlier, the mass was 80 g B 20 hari sebelumnya, jisimnya ialah 120 g 20 days earlier, the mass was 120 g C 10 hari kemudian, jisimnya ialah 20 g 10 days later, the mass will be 20 g D 20 hari kemudian, jisimnya ialah 10 g 20 days later, the mass will be 10 g TP 2 BT ms.203 6.2 Tenaga Nuklear Nuclear Energy 10 Apakah tindak balas nukleus yang menghasilkan tenaga di permukaan Matahari? What is the nuclear reaction that produces energy on the surface of the Sun? A Tenaga pengikat/Binding energy B Pelakuran nukleus/Nuclear fusion C Reputan radioaktif/Radioactive decay D Pembelahan nukleus/Nuclear fission TP 1 BT ms.209 11 Pernyataan manakah yang tidak benar tentang pembelahan nukleus? Which statement is not true about nuclear fission? A Pembelahan nukleus ialah proses yang melibatkan pembelahan satu nukleus berat kepada dua atau lebih nukleus yang lebih ringan Nuclear fission is a process of involving the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei B Sekitar 200 MeV tenaga dibebaskan oleh setiap atom semasa pembelahan About 200 MeV of energy is released per atom during fission C Matahari memperoleh tenaganya daripada pembelahan nukleus hidrogen The Sun gets its energy from the fission of hydrogen nuclei Aras R Aras R Aras R Aras R D Pembelahan nukleus tidak berlaku secara spontan Nuclear fission does not occur spontaneously TP 1 BT ms.209 12 Pernyataan manakah yang tidak benar tentang pelakuran nukleus? Which statement is not true about nuclear fusion? A Pelakuran nukleus ialah proses apabila dua atau lebih nukleus kecil dan ringan bergabung untuk membentuk satu nukleus yang lebih berat Nuclear fusion is a process where two or more small and light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus B Sekitar 200 MeV tenaga dibebaskan oleh setiap atom semasa pelakuran About 200 MeV of energy is released per atom during fusion C Pelakuran lebih sukar berlaku daripada pembelahan Fusion is more difficult to achieve than fission D Bom hidrogen menggunakan prinsip pelakuran nukleus Hydrogen bombs use the principle of nuclear fusion TP 1 BT ms.209 13 Suatu tindak balas nuklear diwakili oleh persamaan yang berikut. A nuclear reaction is represented by the following equation. 235 92U + 1 0n → 140 38Xe + 94 38Sr + 2 1 0n + tenaga/energy Apakah tindak balas nuklear itu? What is the nuclear reaction? A Pelakuran nukleus Nuclear fusion B Reputan radioaktif Radioactive decay C Pembelahan nukleus Nuclear fission D Tindak balas berantai uranium Uranium chain reaction TP 2 BT ms.209 14 Dalam suatu tindak balas pembelahan nukleus uranium-235, tenaga yang dihasilkan ialah 3.15 × 10–8 J. Hitung jumlah kehilangan jisim dalam tindak balas itu. [Laju cahaya, c = 3.0 × 108 m s–1] In a nuclear fission reaction of uranium-235, the energy produced is 3.15 × 10–8 J. Calculate the total loss of mass in the reaction. [Speed of light, c = 3.0 × 108 m s–1] A 1.05 × 10–16 kg C 3.50 × 10–25 kg B 1.05 × 10–20 kg D 3.50 × 10–28 kg TP 3 BT ms.211 Aras R Aras R Aras S Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 59 14/1/2025 11:16:29 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
60 Kertas 2 / Paper 2 Bahagian A / Section A 6.1 Reputan Radioaktif/Radioactive Decay 1 (a) Atom torium diwakili oleh simbol di bawah. BT ms.200–201 An atom of thorium is represented by the symbol below. 230 90Th (i) Berapakah bilangan proton dalam atom itu? TP 1 Aras R What is the number of protons in the atom? [1 markah/mark] (ii) Berapakah bilangan neutron dalam atom itu? TP 1 Aras R What is the number of neutrons in the atom? [1 markah/mark] (b) Apabila suatu nukleus torium-230 mereput, ia memancarkan sinaran dan berubah menjadi radium-226 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam persamaan di bawah. When a thorium-230 nucleus decays, it emits radiation and changes into radium-226 as shown in the equation below. 230 90Th → 226 88Ra + sinaran/radiation (i) Apakah jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan oleh torium-230? TP 1 Aras R What is the type of radiation emitted by thorium-230? [1 markah/mark] (ii) Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di 1(b)(i). TP 2 Aras R State a reason for your answer in 1(b)(i). [1 markah/mark] 2 (a) Apakah maksud separuh hayat? BT ms.202 TP 1 Aras R What is the meaning of half-life? [1 markah/mark] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 60 14/1/2025 11:16:29 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
61 (b) Lakar satu graf lengkung bagi reputan radioaktif dalam ruang yang disediakan. Gunakan graf itu untuk menerangkan bagaimana separuh hayat suatu sampel radioaktif ditentukan. Sketch a curved graph for a radioactive decay in the space provided. Use the graph to explain how the halflife of a radioactive sample is determined. BT ms.205 TP 2 Aras R Penerangan/Explanation: [3 markah/marks] (c) Separuh hayat torium-234 ialah 24 hari. Hitung masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan torium-234 mereput sehingga 12.5% daripada keaktifan asal. BT ms.205 TP 3 Aras S The half-life of thorium-234 is 24 days. Calculate the time taken for the activity of thorium-234 to decay to 12.5% of its initial activity. [2 markah/marks] 6.2 Tenaga Nuklear/Nuclear Energy 3 Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatu tindak balas nuklear apabila uranium-235 dibedil oleh satu neutron. Diagram 1 shows a nuclear reaction when uranium-235 is bombarded by a neutron. BT ms.209 n + U 235 92 U 236 92 Kr 89 36 Ba 144 56 n n n Rajah 1/Diagram 1 (a) Apakah isotop? TP 1 Aras R What are isotopes? [1 markah/mark] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 61 14/1/2025 11:16:30 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
62 (b) Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara uranium-235 dengan uranium-236. TP 1 Aras R State one difference between uranium-235 and uranium-236. [1 markah/mark] (c) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas nuklear yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1. TP 1 Aras R State the type of nuclear reaction shown in Diagram 1. [1 markah/mark] (d) Tulis persamaan tindak balas yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1. TP 1 Aras R Write the equation of the reaction shown in Diagram 1. [1 markah/mark] 4 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip keabadian tenaga-jisim Einstein. BT ms.211 TP 1 Aras R State the Einstein’s principle of mass-energy conservation. [1 markah/mark] (ii) Apakah maksud cacat jisim? BT ms.211 TP 1 Aras R What is the meaning of mass defect? [1 markah/mark] (b) Radium-226 mereput menjadi radon-222 dengan melepaskan satu zarah alfa, seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah. BT ms.211 TP 3 Aras S Radium-226 decays to become radon-222 by releasing one alpha particle, as shown below. 226 88Ra → 222 86Rn + 4 2He + tenaga/energy Diberi bahawa jisim 226 88Ra = 226.54 u.j.a, jisim 222 86Rn = 222.018 u.j.a, jisim 4 2He = 4.003 u.j.a, 1 u.j.a = 1.66 × 10–27 kg dan laju cahaya di dalam vakum, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1. Given that mass of 226 88Ra = 226.54 amu, mass of 222 86Rn = 222.018 amu, mass of 4 2He = 4.003 amu, 1 amu = 1.66 × 10–27 kg and the speed of light in a vacuum, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1. (i) Hitung cacat jisim dalam kg. Calculate the mass defect in kg. [2 markah/marks] (ii) Hitung jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan dalam J. Calculate the amount of energy released in J. [2 markah/marks] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 62 14/1/2025 11:16:30 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
63 Bahagian B / Section B 6.1 Reputan Radioaktif/Radioactive Decay 5 (a) Keaktifan suatu bahan radioaktif ialah bilangan reputan per saat bagi nukleus yang tidak stabil. The activity of a radioactive substance is the number of decays per second of the unstable nuclei. BT ms.204 –205 (i) Nyatakan unit S.I. untuk keaktifan itu. TP 1 Aras R State the S.I. unit for the activity. [1 markah/mark] (ii) Nyatakan pemerhatian yang menunjukkan bahawa reputan radioaktif adalah secara spontan dan rawak. TP 2 Aras R State the observations which suggest that the radioactive decay is spontaneous and random. [2 markah/marks] (b) Natrium-24 mengalami reputan beta dan mempunyai separuh hayat 15 jam. Simbol nuklid bagi natrium-24 ditulis sebagai 24 11Na. BT ms.200–202 Sodium-24 undergoes beta decay and has a half-life of 15 hours. The nuclide notation of sodium-24 is written as 24 11Na. (i) Nyatakan apa yang diwakili oleh nombor 24 dan 11. TP 1 Aras R State what is represented by numbers 24 and 11. [2 markah/marks] (ii) Tulis persamaan reputan bagi natrium-24. TP 1 Aras R Write the decay equation of sodium-24. [1 markah/mark] (iii) Hitung tempoh masa yang diperlukan oleh natrium-24 untuk mereput sehingga 1 16 daripada keaktifan asalnya. TP 3 Aras S Calculate the duration of time taken for sodium-24 to decay to 1 16 of its initial activity. [2 markah/marks] (iv) Nyatakan dua kegunaan natrium-24. TP 3 Aras S State two uses of sodium-24. [2 markah/marks] (c) Sham mengesyaki saluran paip yang membekalkan air ke rumahnya mengalami kebocoran. Hal ini menyebabkan pengaliran air menjadi perlahan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2. Dia mengupah seorang tukang paip untuk mengesan kebocoran itu. BT ms.200–207 Sham suspected the pipe that supplied water to her house was leaking. This causes slow water flow as shown in Diagram 2. She hired a plumber to detect the leakage. Sebelum Before Selepas After Rajah 2/Diagram 2 Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 63 14/1/2025 11:16:30 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
64 Jadual 1 menunjukkan empat jenis radioisotop yang boleh digunakan untuk mengesan kebocoran itu. Kaji sifat yang berbeza bagi setiap radioisotop dalam Jadual 1. Table 1 shows four types of radioisotopes that can be used in tracking the leakage. Study the different properties for each radioisotope in Table 1. Radioisotop Radioisotope Sinaran yang dipancarkan Radiation emitted Separuh hayat Half-life Kuasa penembusan Penetrating power Keterlarutan di dalam air Solubility in water A Alfa, α Alpha, α 20 minit 20 minutes Lemah Weak Tidak larut Does not dissolve B Beta, β Beta, β 8 jam 8 hours Sederhana Medium Larut Dissolves C Gama, γ Gamma, γ 8 jam 8 hours Kuat Strong Larut Dissolves D Beta, β Beta, β 12 hari 12 days Sederhana Medium Tidak larut Does not dissolve Jadual 1/Table 1 Terangkan kesesuaian bagi setiap sifat itu. Pilih radioisotop yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk mengesan kebocoran pada paip bawah tanah. Beri alasan bagi pilihan anda. TP 4 TP 5 Aras T KBAT Menganalisis KBAT Menilai Explain the suitability of each property. Choose the most suitable radioisotope that can be used to detect the leakage in the underground pipe. Give reasons for your choice. [10 markah/marks] Bahagian C / Section C 6.1 Reputan Radioaktif/Radioactive Decay 6 (a) Apakah maksud reputan radioaktif? BT ms.200 TP 1 Aras R What is the meaning of radioactive decay? [2 markah/marks] (b) Sebilangan bahan radioaktif memancarkan zarah alfa atau beta. Bandingkan ciri-ciri zarah alfa dan zarah beta dari segi BT ms.200–201 TP 4 Aras S KBAT Menganalisis Some radioactive substances emit alpha or beta particles. Compare the characteristics of alpha particles and beta particles in terms of (i) struktur, structure, [2 markah/marks] (ii) penembusan melalui udara dan bahan lain, penetration through air and other materials, [2 markah/marks] (iii) pesongan dalam medan elektrik, deflection in an electric field, [2 markah/marks] (iv) pesongan dalam medan magnet. deflection in a magnetic field. [2 markah/marks] Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 B6 3rd.indd 64 14/1/2025 11:16:30 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tingkatan 5 – Jawapan J1 Bab 1 Daya dan Gerakan II Kertas 1 1 D 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 C Kertas 2 Bahagian A 1 (a) 3 daya yang menentang pergerakan. the force that opposes the motion. (b) (i) Sama/Same (ii) Sama/Same (c) (i) mg – T2 = ma (2.1)(9.81) – 7 = 2.1a a = 6.48 m s–2 (ii) T1 – f = ma 7 – f = (3.7)(6.48) f = –16.98 N 2 (a) W Fy Fx (b) (i) Fx = 30 sin 60° = 26.0 N (ii) Fy = 30 cos 60° = 15.0 N (c) (i) Jisim bongkah kayu/Mass of the wooden block = 30 9.81 = 3.06 kg Fx – f = ma 26 – 14 = 3.06a a = 3.92 m s–2 (ii) Rehat//Pegun/At rest//Stationary 3 (a) Daya graviti yang bertindak pada suatu objek. The gravitational force acting on an object. (b) T W T 80° (c) (i) W = mg = (4.3)(9.81) = 42.18 N (ii) 2Ty = W 2(T cos 50°) = 42.18 T = 32.81 N (d) Meningkat Increases 4 (a) Kadar daya yang dikenakan pada spring kepada pemanjangan spring. Ratio of the force applied on a spring to the extension of the spring. (b) – Spring akan dimampatkan apabila mengalami kejutan. The spring will be compressed when experiencing a shock. – Hal ini dapat memanjangkan masa impak./This can extend the time of impact. – Mengurangkan daya impuls/Reduce the impulsive force (c) (i) F = kx 80 = 20x x = 4 cm (ii) x = 4 × 10–2 = 0.04 m E = 1 2 Fx = 1 2 (80)(0.04) = 1.6 J Bahagian B 5 (a) Semua daya yang bertindak pada suatu objek menghasilkan daya paduan sifar. All forces that act on an object produce zero resultant force. (b) (i) T1 W T2 60° 30° (ii) W = mg = 2.5 × 9.81 = 24.53 N W sin 90° = T2 sin 30° 24.53 sin 90° = T2 sin 30° T2 = 12.27 N (c) – Tali itu diperbuat daripada bahan yang lebih kuat The string is made of stronger material – supaya dapat menahan tegangan yang tinggi. so that it is able to withstand high tension. – Tiang bendera diperbuat daripada bahan berkelenturan tinggi. The flagpole is made of a high flexibility material – supaya tidak mudah patah. so that it does not break easily. (d) Ciri-ciri Characteristics Sebab Reason Permukaan licin Smooth surface Tiada daya geseran No frictional force θ 45° Dapat mengurangkan daya yang menentang pergerakan objek// Dapat mengurangkan komponen mengufuk Can reduce force that is against the motion of objects//Can reduce horizontal component Rendah Low Dapat mengurangkan tenaga keupayaan graviti Can reduce gravitational potential energy Keluli Steel Bahan yang kuat//Dapat menahan berat objek Strong material//Can withstand the weight of objects Jawapan Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 Jwp 4th.indd 1 7/2/2025 9:42:40 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Penerbit Ilmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (732516-M) 2025 J2 S dipilih kerana mempunyai permukaan yang licin, θ 45°, ketinggian yang rendah dan diperbuat daripada keluli. S is chosen because it has smooth surface, θ , 45°, its height is low and it is made of steel. Bahagian C 6 (a) Sifat bahan yang membolehkan suatu objek kembali kepada bentuk dan saiz asal selepas daya yang dikenakan pada objek itu dialihkan. The property of material that enables an object to return to its original shape and size after the force applied on the object is removed. (b) (i) Spring J spring K (ii) Spring J = spring K (iii) Spring J spring K (c) (i) Semakin besar daya yang dikenakan, semakin besar pemalar spring. The greater the force applied, the greater the spring constant. (ii) Hukum Hooke/Hooke’s law (d) (i) – Semasa spring dimampatkan, molekul-molekul spring itu tersesar mendekati satu sama lain. When the spring is being compressed, the molecules of the spring are displaced closer to each other. – Daya tolakan bertindak menolak molekulmolekul itu kembali ke kedudukan asal. The repulsion force acts to push the molecules back to their original positions. – Semasa spring diregangkan, molekul-molekul spring itu tersesar menjauhi satu sama lain. When the spring is being stretched, the molecules of the spring are displaced away from each other. – Daya tarikan bertindak menarik molekulmolekul kembali ke kedudukan asal. The attraction force acts to pull back the molecules to their original positions. (ii) Pengubahsuaian Modification Sebab Reason Spring keluli Steel spring Lebih keras//Pemalar spring tinggi Stiffer//High spring constant Spring lebih tebal Thicker spring Dapat menahan kejutan yang lebih kuat Can withstand stronger shock Spring lebih pendek Shorter spring Lebih keras//Pemalar spring tinggi Stiffer//High spring constant Diameter spring lebih besar Larger diameter of spring Lebih keras//Pemalar spring tinggi Stiffer//High spring constant Spring yang lebih keras Stiffer spring Dapat menahan kejutan yang lebih kuat Can withstand stronger shock Bab 2 Tekanan Kertas 1 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 D 11 B 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 A 16 A 17 C 18 B 19 B 20 B 21 A 22 A 23 B 24 A 25 A 26 A 27 B 28 C 29 C Kertas 2 Bahagian A 1 (a) Kedalaman air The depth of water (b) Tekanan air di titik U lebih tinggi berbanding tekanan air di titik T. The water pressure at point U is higher than the water pressure at point T. (c) P = hρg = (8)(1 000)(9.81) = 78 480 Pa 2 (a) Tekanan yang disebabkan oleh berat lapisan udara yang bertindak ke atas permukaan Bumi. The pressure due to the weight of the layer of air that acting on the surface of the Earth. (b) 3 Merkuri Mercury (c) (i) Ketinggian turus bahan dalam barometer X > barometer Y The height of the substance level in barometer X > barometer Y (ii) Altitud di R < altitud di S Altitude at R < altitude at S (iii) Tekanan atmosfera di R > di S The atmospheric pressure at R > at S (d) (i) Semakin tinggi turus bahan, semakin tinggi tekanan atmosfera The higher the level of substance, the higher the atmospheric pressure (ii) Semakin bertambah altitud, semakin rendah tekanan atmosfera The greater the altitude, the lower the atmospheric pressure (e) P = 76 + 8 = 84 cm Hg 3 (a) Gas Gas 50 cm Merkuri Mercury Pgas Patm (b) Pgas = 50 + 76 = 126 cm Hg (c) (i) Tinggi High Gas dapat disimpan dalam bentuk cecair Gas can be kept in the liquid form (ii) Kecil Small Menghasilkan halaju yang tinggi dan tekanan yang rendah Produce higher velocity and low pressure (d) S 4 (a) Prinsip Pascal Pascal’s principle (b) Pemindahan tekanan melalui bendalir brek menjadi lebih perlahan atau kurang berkesan The transfer of pressure through the brake fluid becomes slower or less effective Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 Jwp 4th.indd 2 7/2/2025 9:42:41 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tingkatan 5 – Jawapan J3 (c) Omboh besar Large piston Omboh kecil Small piston Silinder utama Master cylinder Silinder hamba Slave cylinder Pemegang Handle Tangki Tank Bendalir hidraulik Hydraulic uid Injap pelepas Release valve Injap A Valve A Injap B Valve B (d) 16 4 = F 10 F = 160 40 = 40 N Bahagian B 5 (a) Prinsip Archimedes Archimedes’s principle (b) Berat dan daya apungan Weight and buoyant force (c) – Apabila udara di dalam belon dipanaskan, suhu udara di dalam belon bertambah. When the air in the balloon is heated, the temperature in the balloon increases. – Ketumpatan udara di dalam belon akan berkurang. The density of air in the balloon will decrease. – Berat belon berkurang daripada daya apungan. The weight of the balloon is less than the buoyant force. – Jadi, belon akan bergerak ke atas. Thus, the balloon will rise up. (d) (i) Isi padu udara yang disesarkan/Volume of air displaced = isi padu udara di dalam belon/volume of air in the balloon = 10 m3 (ii) Daya apungan/Buoyant force = 1.2 × 10 × 9.81 = 117.72 N (e) Ciri-ciri Characteristics Penerangan Explanation Saiz belon – besar Size of balloon – big Banyak isi padu udara yang disesarkan A large volume of air is displaced Ketumpatan gas yang diisi di dalam belon – kecil Density of gas filled in the balloon – small Belon dapat terapung dan naik lebih tinggi The balloon can float and rises higher Jenis fabrik belon – getah sintetik Type of balloon fabric – synthetic nylon – Kuat/Strong – Tidak mudah koyak Not easy to tear Jisim radiosonde – kecil Mass of radiosonde – small – Ringan/Light – Tidak mudah jatuh ke bawah Does not easy to fall downwards L kerana mempunyai saiz belon yang besar, ketumpatan gas yang diisi di dalam belon adalah kecil, jenis fabrik ialah getak sintetik dan jisim radiosonde adalah kecil. L because it have a big size of balloon, small density of gas filled in the balloon, type of fabric is synthetic nylon and a small mass of radiosonde. Bahagian C 6 (a) Prinsip Bernoulli menyatakan bahawa apabila halaju bendalir bertambah, maka tekanan bendalir akan berkurang dan sebaliknya. Bernoulli’s principle states that when the velocity of a fluid increases, thus the pressure in the fluid decreases and vice versa. (b) – Halaju air di titik X dalam Rajah 6.1 < Rajah 6.2 The velocity of water at point X in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram 6.2 – Tekanan air di titik X dalam Rajah 6.1 > Rajah 6.2 The pressure of water at point X in Diagram 6.1 > Diagram 6.2 – Paras air di turus B dalam Rajah 6.1 > Rajah 6.2 The level of water in column B in Diagram 6.1 > Diagram 6.2 (c) (i) Semakin tinggi halaju air di titik X, semakin rendah tekanan air di titik X. The higher the velocity of water at point X, the lower the pressure of water at point X. (ii) Semakin tinggi tekanan air di titik X, semakin tinggi paras air di turus B. The higher the pressure of water at point X, the higher the level of water at column B. (d) – Udara mengalir dengan halaju yang rendah di bahagian atas spoiler. Air flows with low velocity at the top of the spoiler. – Bahagian atas spoiler menghasilkan tekanan yang tinggi. The upper part of the spoiler produces high pressure. – Udara mengalir dengan halaju yang tinggi di bahagian bawah spoiler. Air flows with high velocity under the spoiler. – Bahagian bawah spoiler menghasilkan tekanan yang rendah. The lower part of the spoiler produces low pressure. – Perbezaan tekanan ini menghasilkan daya ke bawah. This pressure difference produces a downforce. (e) Saiz lubang udara – besar Size of air hole – big Lebih banyak udara dapat masuk ke dalam penunu Bunsen More air can flow into the Bunsen burner Luas permukaan tapak – besar Base area surface – big Lebih stabil More stable Saiz muncung – kecil, sempit Size of nozzle – small, narrow Menghasilkan halaju udara yang tinggi atau tekanan rendah Produce high velocity of air / low pressure Kolar – boleh dilaraskan Collar – moveable Mengawal kuantiti udara yang masuk ke dalam penunu Bunsen Control the quantity of air that flows into the Bunsen burner Cerobong – diperbuat daripada logam Chimney – made from metal Tahan lasak/kuat/tidak mudah terbakar Durable/strong/not flammable Bab 3 Elektrik Kertas 1 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 D 7 A 8 B 9 C 10 B 11 A 12 B 13 C 14 A 15 C 16 A 17 C 18 D 19 B 20 C 21 A Kertas 2 Bahagian A 1 (a) Kawasan di mana zarah bercas elektrik mengalami daya elektrik. A region in which an electrically charged particle experiences an electric force. (b) – Apabila bekalan kuasa dihidupkan, medan elektrik akan terhasil di antara dua plat logam. When the power supply is switched on, the electric field will exist between the two metal plates. Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 Jwp 4th.indd 3 7/2/2025 9:42:41 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Penerbit Ilmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (732516-M) 2025 J4 – Tenaga haba yang dibebaskan oleh nyalaan lilin akan mengionkan udara menjadi ion negatif dan ion positif. The heat energy emitted by candle flame will ionise the air into negative ions and positive ions. – Ion positif akan tertarik pada plat negatif, manakala ion negatif akan tertarik pada plat positif. Positive ions will be attracted to negative plate while negative ions will be attracted to positive plate. (c) (i) Bercas negatif/Negatively charged (ii) Jisim ion positif lebih besar daripada ion negatif. The mass of positive ions is bigger than that of negative ions. 2 (a) Kadar pengaliran cas dalam satu konduktor. The rate of flow of charge in a conductor. (b) (i) R = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Ω (ii) 1 R = 1 2 + 1 2 + 1 2 = 3 2 R = 0.67 Ω (c) (i) I = 6 6 = 1 A (ii) I = 6 0.67 = 9 A (d) (i) Semakin besar rintangan, semakin rendah arus yang mengalir. The greater the resistance, the lower the current flow. (ii) Litar dalam Rajah 2.2 Circuit in Diagram 2.2 3 (a) Suatu ukuran bagi keupayaan konduktor untuk menentang pengaliran arus elektrik. A measure of the ability of a conductor to oppose the flow of electric current. (b) j = 0.4 × 10–3 m = 4.0 × 10–4 m ρ = RA l , A = πj 2 = (12)(π)(4.0 × 10–4)2 1.5 = 4.02 × 10–6 Ω m (c) (i) – Tebal Thick – Rintangan rendah Low resistance (ii) – Kuprum Copper – Rintangan rendah Low resistance (iii) X 4 (a) Rintangan dalam Internal resistance (b) (i) 6 V (ii) y = mx + c V = –rI + Ꜫ 2 = –r(4) + 6 4r = 6 – 2 r = 1 Ω (c) – Disebabkan oleh rintangan dalam sel kering Due to internal resistance of dry cell – Kerja harus dilakukan untuk menggerakkan 1 C cas untuk menentang rintangan dalam sel kering Work has to be done to move 1 C charge against the internal resistance – Kehilangan tenaga akan berlaku Loss of energy will occur (d) V = IR 2.3 = 3I I = 0.77 A Ꜫ = V + Ir 4 = 2.3 + 0.77r r = 2.21 Ω 5 (a) Kadar perpindahan tenaga. The rate of the transferred of energy. (b) (i) R = V2 P = 2402 1 000 = 57.6 Ω (ii) P = VI 1 000 = 240I I = 4.17 A (c) (i) t = 30 × 60 × 30 = 54 000 s P = 1 000 W E = Pt = (1 000)(54 000) = 5.4 × 107 J = 54 000 kJ (ii) t = 0.5 jam/hours × 30 = 15 jam/hours P = 1 000 W = 1 kW E = Pt = (1)(15) = 15 kWJ = 15 unit/units Jumlah kos Total cost = 15 × RM0.22 = RM3.30 Bahagian B 6 (a) Pengering rambut itu menghasilkan tenaga 1 100 J sesaat apabila disambungkan pada satu bekalan kuasa 240 V. The hairdryer produces energy of 1 100 J per second when it is connected to a power supply of 240 V. (b) (i) P = VI 1 100 = 240I I = 4.58 A (ii) P = I2 R 1 100 = (4.582 )R R = 52.44 Ω (c) Anggap kedua-dua pengering rambut itu digunakan selama 1 jam. Assume both hairdryers are used for 1 hour. Pengering rambut G Hairdryer G EG = Pt = (0.8)(1) = 0.8 unit/units Pengering rambut H Hairdryer H EH = Pt = (1.2)(1) = 1.2 unit/units Berdasarkan pengiraan di atas, pengering rambut G menggunakan tenaga elektrik yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan pengering rambut H. Oleh itu, pengering rambut G yang akan dipilih. Based on the above calculation, hairdryer G consumes lower electrical energy than hairdryer H. Therefore, hairdryer G will be chosen. Praktis Topikal SPM Fizik Tg5 2025 Jwp 4th.indd 4 7/2/2025 9:42:41 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.