Grammar1 Nouns 12 Articles 93 Pronouns 134 Question Words 165 Conjunctions 186 Prepositions 227 Adjectives 278 Adverbs of Manner 359 Modals 3810 Subject-Verb Agreement 4211 The Present Simple Tense 4612 The Past Simple Tense 5013 Positive Statements 5614 Negative Statements 6015 Questions and Responses 6416 Sentences 6717 Punctuation 72Vocabulary18 Synonyms 7819 Antonyms 8120 Similes 8421 Idioms 8722 Proverbs 9022 Proverbs Fun Learning 93UASA-Format Practices 97Answers A1–A8Contentsii
1A COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS1 A noun is used to name a person, place, animal and thing.Examples: owl, bed, fork, lizard, teacher2 We use certain words or phrases before countable and uncountable nouns.Examples:Nouns Words/Phrases ExamplesCountable nouns aanmanyseveral*somea cupan eggmany people several bookssome boatsUncountable nouns a littlemuchany*somea little patiencenot much rice leftthere isn’t any soy saucesome information*some can be used with countable and uncountable nounsNounsmaterials, liquids, thingsAbstractNounsExamples:womanhospitalhyenasmartphoneshawl Examples:floursandwindairExamples:informationbeautypatienceCountable NounsUncountable NounsNouns 1Grammar
2Practice 1Underline the countable nouns in the following sentences.1 Are these vegetables fresh, Encik Yusuf?2 My teacher is writing on the blackboard.3 She fed the baby some apple puree.4 There are some biscuits on the table.Practice 2Circle the uncountable nouns in the following sentences.1 My mother made some chicken soup for lunch. 2 Vinod bought a bottle of blue ink at the bookshop.3 Encik Rashid went to the nursery to get some black soil.4 Please add a cup of flour and a pinch of salt into the bowl.Practice 3Use the words in the table below to complete the sentences.muchsomemanyseverala littlericesaltworkoilclothesseedsadvice1 I poured into the wok.2 I planted in the flowerpot.3 There is too in the curry.4 You have packed too , Kishan.5 My friend gave me about organising my time well.6 Last night, Li Yuan slept late because she had to finish.
3Practice 1Look at the pictures. Choose the correct collective noun for each sentence.1 Ramlah was chosen as the best debater by a .A panel of judges B board of judges2 A went on a field trip to the museum.A crowd of pupils B class of pupils3 I saw a during a trip to the zoo.A pride of elephants B herd of elephants4 Please help me remove the near the playground.A pile of rubbish B clump of rubbish5 Would you like to look at my , Janice? A catalogue of stamps B collection of stampsB COLLECTIVE NOUNSCollective nouns are used to refer to a group, number or collection of people, animals and things.Examples:(a) a collection of stamps (c) a ream of paper(b) a troop of scouts (d) a pack of wolves
4Practice 1Write the plural form for the following words.Singular Plural Singular Plural1 banana 8 horse2 boot 9 louse3 calf 10 mango4 class 11 mouse5 dress 12 scarf6 ferry 13 tomato7 fly 14 toothC NUMBER NOUNS (SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS)Nouns can be singular or plural. The table below shows you how plural nouns are formed.How plural nouns are formed ExamplesAdd -s at the end. flags, pencils, tigersAdd -es if the noun ends in -s, -sh, -ss, -ch or -x. bus – busesbush – bushesdress – dressesmatch – matchesfox – foxesIf the noun ends in -y and the letter before it is a consonant, drop the -y and add -ies.cherry – cherriescity – citiesIf the noun ends in -f, change the -f to -v and add -es.However, some are formed by adding -s.thief – thievesknife – knivesroof – roofschief – chiefsSome nouns have irregular plurals. foot – feetfungus – fungianalysis – analysesgoose – geesemouse – micelouse – liceox – oxenchild – children
5Practice 2Write the singular form of the words in brackets.1 The cat ran after a . (mice)2 There is a on the flower. (bees)3 Jack broke a in the sink. (dishes)4 I bought a silver for my mother. (brooches)5 Is that Mr Yong’s outside the house? (geese)6 My sister’s short entry won the first prize in the writing competition. (stories)Practice 3Circle the words which are spelt incorrectly. Rewrite.1 The policemen caught the thiefs red-handed.2 These are my new pair of pyjamies.3 All these blueberrys are rotten.4 He bought three box of match at the grocery store.5 There are two ferrys docked at the jetties. 6 Mrs Leong read all the pupils’ essayies last night. 7 Please help me peel the potatos, Zizi. 8 None of the woman in the auditorium have received their welcome gifts. 9 The nurseis and surgeonies at the hospital are friendly. 10 My mother made chocolates chip cookys yesterday.
611 She folded her blouse and put them in the cupboards. 12 These coffee cup aren’t properly washed. Common Nounssoft things sweet things things we ride on things we wearD COMMON NOUNSPractice 1Group the words correctly.shoescakecookiesscarfcandymotorcyclebicyclenecklacetrouserstissuepuddingpyjamascushioncarwoolcottonblousechocolateice creampetalferrytrainbuspillowNouns that are used to name general things are called common nouns.Examples: plants, cutlery, drinks, doctor
7Practice 1Rewrite the sentences. Put capital letters for the proper nouns.1 Last week, we went to ipoh to visit aunt shamala.2 She likes to walk her dog, furry, in the evenings.3 Mrs nathan owns a bakery along jalan pegaga.4 The parrot show at the greendale zoo is popular among visitors.Practice 2Read the questions. Write the correct common nouns.1 Who bakes bread and cakes?2 Where do bats live?3 Where do children play football?4 Where do we cook?5 Who paints pictures?6 What do you use to cut a piece of paper?7 Where do clowns perform?8 What do we sleep on?9 Who cuts our hair?10 What do we use to brush our teeth?E PROPER NOUNSEach person or place has a special name. Cities and countries have special names too. These special names are called proper nouns. They begin with a capital letter.Examples: Sarawak Jalan Aman Jaya Supermarket Hospital Ipoh Murad Stabilo pen
8Practice 1Change the gender of the words in bold. Rewrite the sentences.1 My sister and I saw a tigress and a lioness perform at the circus.2 The boy fed some drakes at the pond.3 My brother and nephews are going to the Butterfly Park tomorrow.4 The queen and princess rode on a chariot during the parade. 5 My uncle gave the order to the waiter.6 My father and grandfather are taking a bus to Butterworth.7 The cow is grazing in the field. The goose is walking along the pond.8 The headmaster presented the student with a hamper.9 Her sister is an actress.10 The sultan threw a grand feast for his people.F GENDERGender tells us whether the names of people and animals are masculine or feminine. The masculine gender refers to males. The feminine gender refers to females.Examples:grandson – granddaughter Lord – Ladyfox – vixen drake – duck
9A THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES – A AND ANB THE DEFINITE ARTICLE – THE1 A and an are indefinite articles. They refer to any one person, animal or thing. 2 A and an mean one. We use a and an with a singular countable noun. They are not used with a plural or uncountable noun.Examples: a motorcycle / a river / a policeman / a school3 (a) We use a before nouns which begin with consonants. (b) A is also used before words such as uniform and university. These words begin with the yu- sound. So we say a uniform and a university.(c) The word one is pronounced with a w- sound. So we say a one-man show, a one-piece swimsuit and a one-stop shop.4 We use an before nouns which begin with a vowel sound. An is also used in front of words which begin with a silent h. So we say an hour, an honourable deed and an honest person.1 The is a definite article because it refers to a specific thing. 2 The is used with most types of nouns such as countable, uncountable, singular and plural nouns. 3 We do not use the when we talk about things in general. We do not use thebefore proper nouns unless it is the name of something unique such as the Arctic. We use the before some proper nouns such as the following:Examples:oceans and seasmountainsriversmonumentstitlesthings that are one of its kind→ the Indian Ocean, the South China Sea→ the Appalachian, the Andes→ the Nile, the Rajang River→ the Petronas Twin Towers, the National Science Centre→ the New Straits Times, the Times magazine→ the moon, the sunArticles 2Grammar
10Practice 2Fill in the blanks with the correct article.1 Take your seats, please. (A/The) concert will start in ten minutes. 2 Please switch off (a/the) lights after you leave (an/the) room. 3 Mrs Anjali made (a/an) apple pie. Later, she served her guest (an/the) pie. 4 Once upon (a, an) time, there lived (a/an) emperor who loved to help people. Practice 1Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.1 ostrich egg2 Sphinx3 moon4 equator5 rectangular photo frame6 grand piano7 Mediterranean Sea8 television set9 slim laptop10 underground tunnel11 oval mirror12 huge iceberg13 blue balloon14 Pacific Ocean15 Strait of Melaka16 American breakfast17 continental car18 fierce lion19 elegant gown20 bald eagle1 Sandra has an unique gift. She can play a piece of music after having listened to it once.2 He completed the Sudoku puzzle in a hour.1 Sandra has a unique gift. She can play a piece of music after having listened to it once.2 He completed the Sudoku puzzle in an hour.✗ ✓
115 (A/The) Panama Canal connects (an/the) Atlantic and (a/the) Pacific Oceans. 6 (A/The) worker picks (a/the) tea leaves and puts them in (a/an) basket on her shoulders.7 (A/The) Pacific Ocean is (an/the) largest ocean. It is larger than all of (an/the) Earth’s land area combined.8 My brother likes reading about astronomy. He subscribes to (an/the) astronomy magazine. (A/The) magazine is called ‘Discover Astronomy’.Practice 3Write ‘A’, ‘An’ or ‘The’ correctly.1 astronaut travels to space in a spacecraft.2 parcel was just delivered for you.3 contract was signed and posted to the lawyer.4 children sat quietly on the carpet and watched the magic show.5 pair of squirrels ran up the tree.6 marble rolled under the table.7 amazing thing happened on my way to Ipoh.8 avalanche on the slopes of the mountain did not damage the cabins.9 extra hour will be given to you to complete the work.10 electrician is checking the fuse box.11 Amazon River is the longest river in the world.12 kite got stuck up a tree.
12Practice 4Complete the passage below with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.Last weekend, my father, sister and I threw (1) surprise birthday party for my mother. First, my aunt took my mother out shopping. Then, my father went to (2) shopping mall to buy her (3) present. After that, he bought some food for (4) party.My sister and I stayed at home to decorate (5) house. We put up balloons and set the dining table. Later, my father returned. He bought (6) orange cake, (7) bucket of fried chicken, some fried rice and salad. We laid (8) food on (9) table. Soon, (10) guests began to arrive. Then, we heard my aunt and mother drive up. Everyone quickly hid. When my mother opened (11)front door, everyone shouted “Happy Birthday”. My mother was (12) little shocked but she was so happy to celebrate her birthday with her family and friends.Later, (13) guests helped themselves to (14) delicious food. Everyone gave my mother (15) present too. After dinner, she opened them one by one excitedly.
13Practice 1Underline the subject pronouns and circle the object pronouns.1 My mother wants me to give her a hand with cleaning the kitchen. She wants to finish cleaning it before lunch.2 Mr Akash advised my friends and me to study every day. He also told us to ask him questions if we had any.3 Please pass me the dictionary. It is next to Mandy.4 The coach talked to the players before the match. He encouraged them to do their best.Practice 2Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronouns.1 I gave a sardine sandwich. Do want one?2 Lisa and Siti are in the living room. Please give some biscuits. A PERSONAL PRONOUNS1 A personal pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun or nouns. 2 A subject pronoun indicates who or what performs the action of a sentence. I, you, it, he, she, we and they are subject pronouns. 3 An object pronoun indicates who or what receives the action of a sentence. Me, you, him, her, it, us and them are object pronouns.4 We use he for men and boys. We use she for women and girls. We use it for animals or things. We can also use he or she for animals. We use they for all plurals; men, girls, animals or things.Examples:(a) Rani bought a lot of chocolates from Belgium. She gave them to all her friends.(b) The electrician forgot to tell me when he would be able to deliver the television. So I will call him later.(c) My sister and I want to keep some goldfish. My father will take us to the pet shop later.Pronouns 3Grammar
143 Chee Leong and I are visiting Ramani tomorrow. want to discuss Science project.4 My uncles and aunts are sitting in the garden. are eating some fruits. My father bought at the night market.Practice 3Replace the phrases in bold with suitable personal pronouns.1 The dog is injured. The dog has a wound on its paw. 2 My grandmother loves gardening. 3 My sisters and I made breakfast for our parents. 4 Encik Azral interviewed ten candidates for the job.5 The carpet is made in Turkey. The carpet is very expensive.6 Ameera and Nadirah went to the Bird Park yesterday.7 The hairdresser opens her salon at 9.00 a.m.B DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS1 This, that, these and those are demonstrative pronouns. They are used to talk about people, animals and things. 2 They are used with countable and uncountable nouns. Refer to the table below.Used with uncountable nounsUsed with countable nounsTo refer to something which is near to the speakerthis Singular Pluralthis theseTo refer to something which is far from the speaker that that those
15Practice 1Look at the pictures. Fill in the blanks with ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’ or ‘those’.1 cupboard is small.2 calves are searching for their mother.3 rambutan tree is tall.4 Take chairs to the library.5 bench was painted an hour ago.6 Open box carefully.
161 Words such as what, who, where, when, which, why and how are used to ask questions. A question ends with a question mark. Question words Used to ask questions aboutwhat things, objects and animalswho peoplewhen the timewhere locationwhy reason or purposewhich things, objects and animals of a limited number or a choicehow the manner how much is/are an amount or a pricehow many a number 2 (a) The word how means ‘in what way’.Examples:(i) How do we get to your home?(ii) How can I help you?(b) We can also use How long ...?, How big ...?, How far ...? or How old ...?(c) How much ...? goes with uncountable nouns. How many ...? goes with countable nouns.Examples:(i) How much flour do I add into the bowl, Mother?(ii) How many apples did you buy?Practice 1Underline the correct question words in brackets.1 (Why/How) was Ramesh in a hurry?2 (How/What) much does this book cost?3 (When/What) are you cooking for dinner?4 (Why/When) were you absent yesterday?5 (When/Where) is your brother leaving for London?Question Words 4Grammar
17Practice 2Use the correct question word to form a question.1He arrived at the airport at 7.30 p.m.2I am going to wear a salwaar kameez.3It is RM2.30 for a tin.4We are allowed to borrow only three books.5My father will drive us to the concert.6It is more than two metres long.7I want the silver brooch.8I found the burglar’s footprint near the window.9I am sorry, I do not know the doctor’s telephone number.10I will call the police in case of an emergency.11It is 1 kilometre from school.12My grandmother is 75 years old.13Lee Min Min is 160 cm tall.14It is 10 metres deep.15The journey to Fraser’s Hill takes 2 hours.
18 1 Words such as and, or, but, because and so are conjunctions.2 And is used to join: (a) common nouns Examples:tables and chairs, pots and pans, letters and parcels(b) proper nouns Examples:Kuantan and Rompin, the Planetarium and the National Museum (c) single verbsExamples:sit and read, cook and serve, cut and paste(d) proper nouns with pronounsExamples:Jane and I, Arthur and I(e) noun with pronounsExamples:My classmates and I, My parents and I(f) adjectivesExamples:friendly and polite, tall and strong, wild and fierce(g) prepositionsExamples:up and down, round and round3 But is used to join two contrasting ideas. Example:I slept early last night but still feel sleepy this morning.4 Or is used when we have to make a choice between one thing and another.Example:Ling Ling, would you like to have ketupat or rice with your rendang?5 Because is used to show reason.Example:My sister wiped the table because there was a coffee stain on it.6 So is used to show reason or consequences of something.Conjunctions 5Grammar
19Practice 1Rewrite the sentences below using the correct conjunctions.1 Would you like to take a taxi (and, or) ride on the LRT?2 Maria (and, but) Alice went boating on Lake Titiwangsa yesterday.3 Ganesh went to the bus station early in the morning (because, but) there was a long queue at the ticket counter.4 Shoo Ling washed her clothes (and, because) dried them on the clothes line.5 My parents go for brisk walks around the neighbourhood (and, because) they want to keep fit.6 Let’s take our binoculars to the park (and, so) we can get a closer look at the birds.7 Did you stay in a chalet by the beach (or, but) in a hotel in the city during your trip to Thailand?8 Asin could not go cycling with her friends (so, because) her bicycle tyre had punctured.9 He knocked on the principal’s office door (so, and) waited to be called in.Examples:(a) I practise playing the piano every day so I can play the pieces well.(b) He is looking for a part-time job, so he reads the ‘classifieds’ section in the newspaper every day.(c) Manisha boiled some water so she could make some tea for her family.(d) The boxes were very heavy, so I asked Ramli to help me carry them into the classroom.
2010 She did not go out to play (so, because) she wanted to finish reading her storybook.11 Alex jogs every evening (so, because) he wants to stay fit.12 My father went to the clinic (because, and) he sprained his ankle.Practice 2Join the sentences using ‘so’ or ‘because’.1 The cat ran up the tree. The cat heard a loud thunder.2 The pudding is very sweet. I accidentally put too much sugar in it.3 Mrs Yong waits for the sale every year. Mrs Yong can buy some clothes for her children at a discount.4 The bushes were overgrown. The gardener trimmed the bushes.5 Boon Hong took a second helping of his mother’s fried noodles. The fried noodles tasted delicious.6 Hani went to the post office. She wanted to post some greeting cards to her friends.7 It started to drizzle. The children ran into the classroom.8 The school bell rang at noon. The pupils returned to their class.9 He did all his chores quickly. He could go out with his friends.10 Arinah made lunch for her family yesterday. Her mother was ill.
21Practice 3Fill in the blanks with ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘but’, ‘because’ or ‘so’ correctly.1 The mechanic took the engine apart put it back together again.2 You must add the potatoes now they won’t cook in time.3 He submitted his application letter two weeks ago has not gotten a reply yet.4 Helmi washed his T-shirt it was dirty.5 Ganesh waited for his friends at the bus stop they didn’t come, he went home.6 You must preheat the oven now the chicken won’t cook properly.7 Aishah May Yin attended a workshop they can improve their communication skills.8 The little girl turned round round. After that, she fell down she felt dizzy.9 She spoke loudly clearly all the pupils could hear her.10 Would you like to go to the beach to snorkel sunbathe?11 She quickly washed dried the clothes outside it was a hot day.12 They went to the museum yesterday it was closed for renovations.13 He pushed pulled the door it would not open.14 He carried the large boxes to the second fifth floors.15 She jogs five times a week, she is very fit.16 We made kites flew them at the beach.17 The cafe did not have pineapple apple juice. They only had orange juice.18 They are studying hard every day their exam is just around the corner.
22PrepositionsLocationinonunderatagainstamongnext tobehindat the back ofin front ofDirectiontoupdownoutacrossalongthroughA PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATIONB PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION1 Prepositions of location are used to express the location of a person, thing or animal. 2 The word at is usually used with locations in a city.Examples:at the field, at the stadium, at the park, at the post office, at the mall, at the grocery shop, at school, at home3 The word in is used:(a) with rooms (b) with cities, states, countries and Examples: continentsin the bedroom, in the bathroom, Examples:in the staffroom, in the gymnasium in Kuala Lumpur, in Australia, in Europe, in Ipoh, in Tioman IslandPrepositions of direction tell us where a person, an animal or an object is going to or coming from. Words such as out, to, up, down, across, along and throughare prepositions of direction.Examples:(a) The dolphin jumped through the hoop.(b) She knocked the bucket and it fell down the well.(c) The mountaineer climbed up the icy slope with ease.Prepositions 6Grammar
23Practice 1Look at the pictures. Tick the correct phrases. Write the complete sentences in the space provided. 1 Hui Hong is walking .along the roadacross the road2 The encyclopaedia is .on the bookshelfbehind the cupboard3 Jerry likes to jog every Saturday to keep his body fit.along the riverbank next to the riverbank4 The public is not allowed to park their vehicles entrance. behind the hospitalin front of the hospital5 The man jumped .through the stooldown from the stool
246 I found this photograph .against the lettersamong these letters7 The man is leaning .next to tree trunkagainst the tree trunk8 Please put these old newspapers .under the vanat the back of the vanPractice 2Match the sentence parts. Then write the correct sentence to describe each picture.1 The telephone is at No 8, Jalan Raya.2 The bats flew through the needle.3 Encik Ramli’s hardware shop is next to the study lamp.4 The cat climbed out of the cave.5 My mother put a thread under his bathrobe.6 Kevin is wearing pyjamas up the tree.1 2
253 45 6 Practice 3Match the words and phrases. Write complete sentences in the space provided.1 The teacher led the pre-schoolers inatupalongbehindunderat the back ofnext toyour plate.2 There is a napkin Asrul at the library.3 Roslan is standing this road.4 Is that your brother sitting the stairs.5 My uncle’s new clinic is the queue.6 She left her wallet Amy?7 Mrs James bought these beautiful paintings home.8 Joseph is sitting New Zealand.12345678
26Practice 4Look at the pictures. Choose the correct preposition.4The tortoise crawled the hill slowly.A to C onB up D along5There is a tall coconut tree my grandparents’ house.A next to C againstB through D above6The train passes the tunnel.A along C behindB across D through1There is a pony the horses.A behind C alongB among D next to2The baby crawled the table to get a ball.A out C underB down D behind3The group of people are walking of the supermarket.A in C atB on D out
27A DEGREES OF COMPARISON1 The comparative form compares two people, animals or things. We add -er to the adjective or use more in front of the adjective. Than follows the comparative form.2 The superlative form compares three or more people, animals or things. We add -est to the adjective or use most in front of the adjective. The comes before the superlative form.Examples:Positive Comparative SuperlativeFor simple adjectives (one syllable)freshsharpsmoothfresher thansharper thansmoother thanthe freshestthe sharpestthe smoothestFor adjectives with two or more syllables intelligent expensivehandsomemore intelligent than more expensive thanmore handsome thanthe most intelligent the most expensivethe most handsomeFor adjectives that end in -fulcarefulcheerful colourfulmore careful thanmore cheerful thanmore colourful thanthe most carefulthe most cheerfulthe most colourfulFor adjectives that end in -e, drop the e and add -er or -estsafewise largesafer thanwiser thanlarger thanthe safestthe wisestthe largestFor adjectives that end in -y, change the -y to -iand add -er or -esttinymerrysunnytinier thanmerrier thansunnier thanthe tiniestthe merriestthe sunniestFor adjectives that end in one vowel and one consonant, double the consonanthotbigthinhotter thanbigger thanthinner thanthe hottestthe biggestthe thinnestIrregular forms muchmanybadoldmoremoreworseolder/elder the mostthe mostthe worstoldest/eldestAdjectives 7Grammar
28Practice 1Complete the tree map.ADJECTIVESPositivefondusefulhungryfatinterestingweaklittlefineroughquickpopularwhitedangerousComparativeweaker thanluckier thanlovelier thanwhiter thanmore dangerous thanSuperlativethe luckiestthe roughestthe most popular1 The engine of a truck is powerfuler than an engine of a motorcycle.2 The basket is the most heaviest of all.3 The service at the hotel reception is more bad than at the airport.1 The engine of a truck is more powerful than an engine of a motorcycle.2 The basket is the heaviest of all.3 The service at the hotel reception is worse than at the airport.✗ ✓
29Practice 2Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives in the brackets.1 This book is that book. (interesting)2 The railway station is on weekends it is on weekdays. (busy)3 The play I watched yesterday was I have seen all this year. (funny)4 “You look the last time I saw you. You must be working out at the gym regularly,” says Choo Fun. (slim)5 time for shopping is on a Sunday morning. (convenient) 6 Shobana completed several puzzles in time. (fast) 7 A day at the carnival is gardening. (enjoyable)8 Zahrin is member in the volleyball team. (fit)9 This is the book I own. I have had it since I was two years old. (old)10 Mr Lim’s fried noodles is the in town. (good)Practice 3Look at the pictures. Write sentences to compare the people, animals and things. Use the words in the boxes to help you.comfortable more big tall fast exciting1The clock is a coin.The hula hoop is a clock.The hula hoop is of all.2Travelling by car is by bicycle.Travelling by bus is by bicycle. way to travel is by an aeroplane.
303The wooden chair is a plastic stool.The leather sofa is a wooden chair.The leather sofa is of all.4The flag pole is a ladder.The lamp post is a flag pole.The lamp post is of all.5There are rambutans in the bowl.There are rambutans in the crate.The number of rambutans are in the basket.6Riding on a speedboat is sailing.Snorkelling is riding on a speedboat. activity is snorkelling.B DOUBLE ADJECTIVESOpinion/general descriptionNationality/origin Size Age Colour TypeExamples: sweet strange friendly excitingdelicioustinylong widehugesmalloldnewyoungmodernten-year-oldredbluepinkgreenpurpleIndianSpanishAmerican EuropeanMalaysiansilkgold metalglass wooden1 We can use two or more adjectives before a noun.2 The order of the adjectives is as follows:
31Examples:(a) Hanim made some creamy chicken soup.(b) They trekked carefully up the steep narrow path.(c) My family and I ordered several spicy Mexican dishes at the restaurant.(d) My mother bought a beautiful, long, new, gold, Indian, silk shawl.Practice 1Circle the adjectives. Underline the nouns they describe.1 Encik Johar owns a small grocery along Jalan Aman.2 The generous young prince likes to help the poor.3 “Is this grey cotton shirt yours?” asks Puan Noraini.4 My sisters and I went on thrilling rides at the funfair.5 The polite middle-aged man standing by the piano is my uncle.6 “Are these your new sneakers?” asks Jasmine.7 My sister wore a beautiful red skirt.8 I brushed my younger sister’s hair with a black comb.9 He burnt his finger with a hot iron.10 My brother and I enjoy listening to our neighbour’s interesting stories.1 Have you seen my silk redshirt?2 My father bought a beautiful diamond blue small ring for my mother.3 I will always remember the old generous Welsh man who gave me my first job.1 Have you seen my red silk shirt?2 My father bought a beautiful small blue diamond ring for my mother.3 I will always remember thegenerous old Welsh man who gave me my first job.✗ ✓
32Practice 2Put the adjectives in the correct order.1 an cruise Mediterranean enchanting 2 a chalet woodenlarge3 a sofa suede comfortable 4 a blanket purple newsoft 5 a tour guide Austrian mild-mannered 6 a mango greensour 7 a gown red brightsilk Italian 8 an boy ten-year-oldactive Practice 3Arrange the adjectives and noun in each sentence correctly. Rewrite the sentences.1 I found a leather/small/wallet on the road.I found a on the road.2 There is a Persian/carpet/large/brown in the centre of the living room.There is a in the centre of the living room.3 Mrs Lam bought several wooden/cheap/ladles at the night market.Mrs Lam bought several at the night market.4 The girl chased after a green/tiny/insect in the garden.The girl chased after a in the garden.5 The brave/teenager/young received a medal of honour recently.The received a medal of honour recently.6 Mrs Padma picked some green/vegetables/fresh from her garden.Mrs Padma picked some from her garden.
33C POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES1 Words such as my, your, his, her, its, our and their are possessive adjectives. Possessive adjectives always go before a noun just like other adjectives.2 Possessive adjectives are used to show that something belongs to a person or an animal.Subject form Possessive formIyouhesheweittheymyyourhisherouritstheir3 We use his for men and boys. We use her for women and girls. We use itsfor animals and things.Examples:(a) The dog is scratching its ears furiously.(b) We are preparing a surprise dinner for our parents.Note:its = possessive adjectiveit’s = the short form of ‘it is’4 A possessive noun shows ownership. (a) To form the possessive of a singular noun, add (’s) Examples:(i) Mr Chua’s house was broken into last night.(ii) An elephant’s trunk is long.(iii) These are Aina’s earrings.(b) To form the possessive of a plural noun ending in -s and a singular noun ending in -s, add (’) Examples:(i) Those are my sisters’ belts.(ii) Where are the boys’ tickets?(iii) Mr Jones’ wife is a teacher at a kindergarten. (iv) Dennis’ T-shirt is too big for him.(c) To form the possessive of an irregular plural noun, add (’s)Examples:(i) The children’s toys are all over the carpet.(ii) The women’s changing rooms are at the back of the shop.Note:Regular plural nouns = students, friends, sistersIrregular plural nouns = people, women, men
34Practice 1Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjectives.1 Jeffery dropped harmonica.2 The bird returned to the nest to feed chicks.3 May I have recipe for chicken rendang, please?4 My sister and I redecorated bedroom yesterday.5 Daisy and Penny left tracksuits at the gymnasium.6 She entered a short-story essay competition. story was selected as one of the top five entries.Practice 2Fill the blanks with the possessive form of the words in brackets.1 I cannot find my toys anywhere. (brothers)2 The sleeping bags are in the cupboard. (children)3 The caps are blue. (girls) The caps are black. (boys)4 children are participating in the talent contest. (Mrs Chong)5 We are making a trip to my hometown next weekend. (parents)1 Could you take me to Madam Lee office, please?2 The boys’s bicycles were stolen. 3 Mrs Rama and his son like to go to the library on Sundays.4 The dog wagged it’s tail happily.1 Could you take me to Madam Lee’s office, please?2 The boys’ bicycles were stolen. 3 Mrs Rama and her son like to go to the library on Sundays.4 The dog wagged its tail happily.✗ ✓
35Practice 1Write the suitable adverbs of manner for the following words and phrases.1 waited (tiredly/patiently)2 sat (easily/quietly)3 ate (hungrily/terribly)4 sleep (slowly/peacefully)1 Adverbs of manner describe verbs. They help to build a description and tell us how an action is carried out.2 Most adverbs of manner are formed by adding -ly at the end of an adjective.3 Adverbs of manner can be placed at the end of a sentence or in mid-position(before a verb if the verb is only one word, e.g. walked or breaks). Examples:(a) I walked to the bus stop quickly. (at the end)I quickly walked (verb) to the bus stop. (mid-position)(b) The choir sings sweetly. (at the end) (c) He breaks the tree branch easily. (at the end)He easily breaks (verb) the tree branch. (mid-position)1 They completed successfullythe tasks.2 The security guard shouted angryly at the intruders.3 Did you enjoy watching the cheerfully clown perform, Kamal?1 They successfully completedthe tasks.2 The security guard shoutedangrily at the intruders.3 Did you enjoy watching the cheerful clown perform, Kamal?✗ ✓Adverbs of Manner 8Grammar
365 marched (safely/smartly)6 fought (thunderously/bravely)7 shouted (angrily/swiftly)8 crept (tiredly/slowly)9 wrote (neatly/correctly)10 rushed (gracefully/quickly)11 spoke (plainly/clearly)12 left (immediately/soundly)13 jumped up (drastically/suddenly)14 greeted us (cheerfully/regularly)15 visit us (cordially/occasionally)16 prepared dinner (hastily/cleverly)17 danced (gracefully/hurriedly)18 answered the question (calmly/repeatedly)19 accepted defeat (graciously/angrily)20 tied the rope (plainly/securely)Practice 2Change the words in brackets to adverbs. Rewrite the sentences.1 Encik Johari waited (patient) outside for the bank to open.2 My school choir sang (melodious) during the inter-school talent competition.3 The race horse ran (swift) to the finishing line.4 The boys dressed (smart) for the Hari Raya open house yesterday.5 The fishermen were caught in a storm when the weather changed (sudden).6 Mr and Mrs Davin donate (generous) to various charitable organisations.
377 The passengers were startled when the bus driver (abrupt) stopped the bus.8 I always hold my mother’s hand (tight) when we cross the road.Practice 3Put the adverbs in the correct places. Rewrite the sentences.1 The cool winter breeze blew against my face. (harshly)2 It rained yesterday, so the village is flooded. (heavily)3 Linda recited her poem in front of her classmates. (loudly)4 The view of the beach from the balcony is beautiful. (incredibly)5 Sally strokes her pet guinea pig. (gently) She also speaks to it. (lovingly)6 Please tidy the living room. (quickly) The guests will be arriving. (shortly)7 She hit her head against the edge of the table when she fell. (painfully)8 The jewellery shop owner looked at the man who was loitering in the street outside. (suspiciously)9 The lawyer spoke to the judge. (convincingly)10 The soldiers marched during the parade. (smartly)11 The writer walked to receive her prize. (proudly)12 My brother cried because he had a deep wound on his knee. (uncontrollably)
38A MUST1 Must is used to refer to things which are absolutely necessary or very important. 2 Must does not have a past tense. If we want to talk about something that happened in the past, we use had to.Example:Yesterday, we had to go to the relief centre because our house was flooded. 3 Must can also mean probably or certainly.Example:You have been on your feet the whole day, so you must be feeling exhausted.B HAVE TOHave to shows that we are obligated to do something. Must shows a stronger obligation than have to. We can use have to in the present tense, past tense and future tense. Examples:(a) The children have to do their homework every evening. (Present tense)(b) Karen had to wash her shoes yesterday. (Past tense)(c) The contractor will have to show me some new tile samples tomorrow because the ones I ordered are no longer available. (Future tense)1 Yesterday, I must babysit my cousin.2 They must queuing up to enter the bus.1 Yesterday, I had to babysit my cousin.2 They must queue up to enter the bus.✗ ✓Modals 9Grammar
39Practice 1Complete the sentences. Use ‘must’ or ‘have to’.1 We take the escalator to the second floor.2 They wash their T-shirts. They are covered in mud.3 You ask your father to help you change the light bulb.4 If you want to be a good violinist, you practise every day.5 I call Aunt Nina to thank her for the present she gave me.6 If you do not understand the instructions, you ask someone to help you.7 Rina and Arin do some stretching and warm-up exercises before they play any game.8 I buy these ingredients today. I want to bake a chocolate cake for my mother tomorrow.C COULDCould is used:1 to show past habit/abilityExamples:(a) I could climb that tree easily when I was younger.(b) My grandmother could sew well when her eyesight was better.2 to describe a past action (to indicate the meaning ‘was able to’)Examples:(a) He climbed the ladder so he could repair the roof.(b) She finished her homework so she could meet her friends at the park.3 in polite expressionsExamples:(a) Could you pass me the salt, please?(b) Could you lend me your umbrella, please? (c) Could you help me arrange these books on the shelf?D SHOULDShould is used to offer advice. It is used to show that something is a good idea but you have a choice. It is used in the present tense and future tense.Examples:(a) We should visit Uncle Lim and Aunty May during the weekend.(b) Khairul should save at least 10 percent of his salary every month.(c) “You should ask for directions if you get lost,” says Joey.(d) Tee Ling is ill. He should see a doctor.
40Practice 3Change the following statements into polite questions.1 Close the door gently.2 Wash my hair after you cut it.3 Help me wash these plates.4 Serve the jelly to the guests.5 Make some tea for Aunt Liza.6 Carry these boxes to the first floor.Practice 2Rearrange the phrases. Write complete sentences. Put the word ‘could’ in the correct places. 1 of four. Jaya read by the age2 when he was younger. swim for My grandfather long distances3 finish the work quickly Hisham helped him. because his friends4 the next morning. so he wake up early Mohan set the alarm clock5 answer all the questions my lessons thoroughly. I because I revised
41Practice 4Write ‘could’ or ‘should’ correctly.1 Jee Hoe got up early this morning so he study.2 You sit down if you are feeling dizzy.3 Wati get a job in her hometown if she misses her family,4 you post this letter for me, please?5 We surprise father with a party.6 He walked to the zebra crossing so he cross the busy road.7 You rinse the vegetables thoroughly before you cook them.8 you wipe the whiteboard, please?9 Peter read about the countries he is visiting before he sets off on his travels.10 We build a bird house since we have all the materials.11 you suggest a rest stop along Kenong Highway?12 Nizam and Kim Leng pack a compass each in their backpacks.13 Vanita ask for help if she has a problem.14 I answer all of the judge’s questions.15 You wash your school shoes. They are filthy.16 Kiran write to the authorities about the problem.17 She climb 10 flights of stairs because she is very fit.18 you pass me the dictionary, please?
421 A singular subject takes a singular verb. A plural subject takes a plural verb.2 Is and was are singular verbs. They take a singular noun/subject. Are and wereare plural verbs. They take a plural noun/subject. See the table below for more examples.Subject/noun Verb “to be”I am/wasHe is/wasShe is/wasIt is/wasThe boy is/wasYou are/wereWe are/wereThey are/wereMatt and Dina are/wereExamples:(a) Selina is a talented musician. (b) This is my favourite bookshop. (c) Encik Arif was at the bank this morning.(d) There are many bats in that cave. (e) Mei Cheng and her cousins are visiting an old folks’ home.(f) Sunita and Roshan are planning a surprise party for their parents.Subject-Verb 10 AgreementGrammar
43Practice 1Choose the correct word.1 I making a cup of coffee.A isB am C was2 This a can of baked beans.A is B amC are3 These my grandmother’s pearl necklace and earrings.A are B wasC were4 Andy and Zainal fishing by the pond yesterday.A amB areC were5 The children dancing on stage.A am B areC was6 Zara in the computer lab an hour ago.A amB areC was7 The children at the Dragon Boat Race last Sunday.A amB areC were 8 Amita juggling three oranges. She quite good at it.A is; is B am; isC are; arePractice 2Fill in the blanks with ‘is’, ‘am’, ‘are’, ‘was’ or ‘were’. 1 These the movie tickets, Yin Yin.2 We cruising along the river last night.3 Sanjeeta and Roziah walking to the canteen now.4 I making some mashed potato for dinner tonight.5 This the latest issue of my favourite teen magazine. 6 Noriza helping her aunt make dodol last weekend.7 He nervous because he has a driving test tomorrow.8 My classmates and I at an ice show last Saturday.9 Peter, Annie and Raymond riding on the Ferris wheel. 10 Yesterday, Mrs Ranita selected as a committee member to help organise the Annual Funfair.
A1 Grammar & Vocabulary Practice KSSR Year 6 – Answers Grammar 1 : NounsA Countable and Uncountable NounsPractice 11 vegetables 3 baby, apple2 teacher, blackboard 4 biscuits, tablePractice 21 soup 3 soil2 ink 4 flour, saltPractice 31 a little oil 4 many clothes2 several seeds 5 some advice3 much salt 6 some workB Collective NounsPractice 11 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 BC Number NounsPractice 11 bananas 6 ferries 11 mice2 boots 7 flies 12 scarves3 calves 8 horses 13 tomatoes4 classes 9 lice 14 teeth5 dresses 10 mangoesPractice 21 mouse 3 dish 5 goose2 bee 4 brooch 6 storyPractice 31 The policemen caught the thiefs red-handed.The policemen caught the thieves red-handed.2 These are my new pair of pyjamies .These are my new pair of pyjamas.3 All these blueberrys are rotten.All these blueberries are rotten.4 He bought three box of match at the grocery store.He bought three boxes of matches at the grocery store.5 There are two ferrys docked at the jetties .There are two ferries docked at the jetty.6 Mrs Leong read all the pupils’ essayies last night.Mrs Leong read all the pupils’ essays last night.7 Please help me peel the potatos , Zizi.Please help me peel the potatoes, Zizi8 None of the woman in the auditorium have received their welcome gifts.None of the women in the auditorium have received their welcome gifts.9 The nurseis and surgeonies at the hospital are friendly.The nurses and surgeons at the hospital are friendly.10 My mother made chocolates chip cookys yesterday.My mother made chocolate chip cookies yesterday.11 She folded her blouse and put them in the cupboards .She folded her blouses and put them in the cupboard.12 These coffee cup aren’t properly washed.These coffee cups aren’t properly washed.D Common NounsPractice 1 soft things sweet things things we ride onthings we wearpillow ice cream car trouserscushion chocolate bus scarftissue cookies train blousewool cake bicycle pyjamascotton pudding motorcycle shoespetal candy ferry necklacePractice 21 baker 5 artist 9 hairdresser2 cave 6 scissors 10 toothbrush3 field 7 circus4 kitchen 8 bedE Proper NounsPractice 11 Last week, we went to Ipoh to visit Aunt Shamala.2 She likes to walk her dog, Furry, in the evenings.3 Mrs Nathan owns a bakery along Jalan Pegaga.4 The parrot show at the Greendale Zoo is popular among visitors.F GenderPractice 11 My brother and I saw a tiger and a lion perform at the circus.2 The girl fed some ducks at the pond.3 My sister and nieces are going to the Butterfly Park tomorrow.4 The king and prince rode on a chariot during the parade.5 My aunt gave the order to the waitress.6 My mother and grandmother are taking a bus to Butterworth.7 The bull is grazing in the field. The gander is walking along the pond.8 The headmistress presented the student with a hamper.9 Her brother is an actor.10 The sultana threw a grand feast for her people.Grammar 2 : ArticlesPractice 11 an 8 a 15 the2 the 9 a 16 an3 the 10 an 17 a4 the 11 an 18 a5 a 12 a 19 anAnswers
© Penerbit Ilmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (732516-M) 2025 A26 a 13 a 20 a7 the 14 thePractice 21 The 5 The; the; the 2 the; the 6 The; the; a3 an; the 7 The; the; the4 a; an 8 an; ThePractice 31 An 5 A 9 An2 A 6 A 10 An/The3 The/A 7 An 11 The4 The 8 The 12 APractice 41 a 5 the 9 the 13 the2 the 6 an 10 the 14 the3 a 7 a 11 the 15 a4 the 8 the 12 aGrammar 3 : PronounsA Personal PronounsPractice 11 me , her , She, it 3 me , It2 me , He, us , him , we 4 He, themPractice 21 her/him, you 3 We, our2 them 4 They, them Practice 31 It is injured. It has a wound on its paw.2 She loves gardening.3 We made breakfast for our parents.4 He interviewed ten candidates for the job.5 It is made in Turkey. It is very expensive.6 They went to the Bird Park yesterday.7 She opens her salon at 9.00 a.m.B Demonstrative PronounsPractice 11 This 3 That 5 This 2 Those 4 those 6 thatGrammar 4 : Question WordsPractice 11 Why 3 What 5 When2 How 4 WhyPractice 21 When did he arrive at the airport?2 What are you going to wear to the party?3 How much is a tin of tomato puree?4 How many books are we allowed to borrow?5 Who is taking us to the concert?6 How long is that piece of string?7 Which brooch do you want?8 Where did you find the burglar’s footprint?9 What is the doctor’s telephone number?10 Who will you call in case of an emergency?11 How far is your house from school?12 How old is your grandmother?13 How tall is Lee Min Min?14 How deep is the lake?15 How long is the journey to Fraser’s Hill?Grammar 5 : ConjunctionsPractice 11 or 5 because 9 and2 and 6 so 10 because3 but 7 or 11 because4 and 8 because 12 becausePractice 21 The cat ran up the tree because it heard a loud thunder.2 The pudding is very sweet because I accidentally put too much sugar in it.3 Mrs Yong waits for the sale every year so she can buy some clothes for her children at a discount.4 The bushes were overgrown, so the gardener trimmed them.5 Boon Hong took a second helping of his mother’s fried noodles because they tasted delicious.6 Hani went to the post office because she wanted to post some greeting cards to her friends.7 It started to drizzle, so the children ran into the classroom.8 The school bell rang at noon so the pupils returned to their class.9 He did all his chores quickly so he could go out with his friends.10 Arinah made lunch for her family yesterday because her mother was ill.Practice 3 1 and 7 and; so 13 and; but2 or 8 and; because 14 and3 but 9 and; so 15 so4 because 10 or 16 and5 but; so 11 and; because 17 or6 or 12 but 18 becauseGrammar 6 : PrepositionsPractice 11 Hui Hong is walking across the road.2 The encyclopaedia is on the bookshelf.3 Jerry likes to jog along the riverbank every Saturday to keep his body fit.4 The public is not allowed to park their vehicles in front of the hospital entrance. 5 The man jumped down from the stool.6 I found this photograph among these letters.7 The man is leaning against the tree trunk.8 Please put these old newspapers at the back of the van.Practice 21 The cat climbed up the tree.2 The bats flew out of the cave.3 Kevin is wearing pyjamas under his bathrobe.4 The telephone is next to the study lamp.5 Encik Ramli’s hardware shop is at No 8, Jalan Raya.6 My mother put a thread through the needle.Practice 31 The teacher led the pre-schoolers up the stairs.2 There is a napkin under your plate.3 Roslan is standing at the back of the queue.4 Is that your brother sitting next to Amy?5 My uncle’s new clinic is along this road.6 She left her wallet at home.7 Mrs James bought these beautiful paintings in New Zealand.8 Joseph is sitting behind Asrul at the library.
A3 Grammar & Vocabulary Practice KSSR Year 6 – AnswersPractice 41 B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A6 DGrammar 7 : AdjectivesA Degrees of ComparisonPractice 11 fonder than; the fondest2 more useful than; the most useful3 hungrier than; the hungriest4 fatter than; the fattest5 more interesting than; the most interesting6 the weakest7 lucky8 less; least9 finer than; the finest10 rougher than11 lovely; the loveliest12 quicker than; the quickest13 more popular than14 the whitest15 the most dangerousPractice 21 more interesting than 6 the fastest 2 busier, than 7 more enjoyable than 3 the funniest 8 the fittest 4 slimmer than 9 oldest5 The most convenient 10 bestPractice 31 bigger than, bigger than, the biggest2 faster than, faster than, The fastest3 more comfortable than, more comfortable than, the most comfortable 4 taller than, taller than, the tallest5 many, more, most6 more exciting than, more exciting than, The most excitingB Double AdjectivesPractice 11 Encik Johar owns a small grocery along Jalan Aman.2 The generous young prince likes to help the poor.3 “Is this grey cotton shirt yours?” asks Puan Noraini.4 My sisters and I went on thrilling rides at the funfair.5 The polite middle-aged man standing by thepiano is my uncle.6 “Are these your new sneakers?” asks Jasmine.7 My sister wore a beautiful red skirt.8 I brushed my younger sister’s hair with a black comb.9 He burnt his finger with a hot iron.10 My brother and I enjoy listening to my neighbour’s interesting stories.Practice 21 enchanting Mediterranean 5 mild-mannered Austrian2 large wooden 6 sour green3 comfortable suede 7 bright red Italian silk4 soft new purple 8 active ten-year-oldPractice 31 small leather wallet2 large brown Persian carpet3 cheap wooden ladles4 tiny green insect5 brave young teenager6 fresh green vegetablesC Possessive AdjectivesPractice 11 his 3 your 5 their2 its 4 our 6 HerPractice 21 brothers’ 4 Mrs Chong’s2 children’s 5 parents’3 girls’, boys’ Grammar 8 : Adverbs of MannerPractice 11 patiently 8 slowly 15 occasionally2 quietly 9 neatly 16 hastily3 hungrily 10 quickly 17 gracefully4 peacefully 11 clearly 18 calmly5 smartly 12 immediately 19 graciously6 bravely 13 suddenly 20 securely7 angrily 14 cheerfullyPractice 21 Encik Johari waited patiently outside for the bank to open.2 My school choir sang melodiously during the inter-school talent competition.3 The race horse ran swiftly to the finishing line.4 The boys dressed smartly for the Hari Raya open house yesterday.5 The fishermen were caught in a storm when the weather changed suddenly.6 Mr and Mrs Davin donate generously to various charitable organisations.7 The passengers were startled when the bus driver abruptly stopped the bus.8 I always hold my mother’s hand tightly when we cross the road.Practice 31 The cool winter breeze blew harshly against my face.2 It rained heavily yesterday, so the village is flooded.3 Linda recited her poem loudly in front of her classmates.4 The view of the beach from the balcony is incrediblybeautiful.5 Sally strokes her pet guinea pig gently. She also speaks to it lovingly.6 Please tidy the living room quickly. The guests will be arriving shortly.7 She hit her head painfully against the edge of the table when she fell.8 The jewellery shop owner looked suspiciously at the man who was loitering in the street outside. 9 The lawyer spoke convincingly to the judge.10 The soldiers marched smartly during the parade.11 The writer walked proudly to receive her prize.12 My brother cried uncontrollably because he had a deep wound on his knee.Grammar 9 : ModalsPractice 11 have to 4 must 7 must2 have to 5 have to 8 must3 must 6 mustPractice 21 Jaya could read by the age of four.