49 Adverbs Exercise 7 Fill in each blank with the adverb form of the adjective in brackets. A private aircraft crashed (1) (tragic) on the runway. The pilot and the passengers were (2) (critical) injured and had to be rushed to the nearest hospital (3) (immediate). They are (4) (current) undergoing surgery. Other flight arrivals that (5) (normal) took place on the same runway were held back. Debris on the runway resulting from the accident had to be cleared (6) (quick). An investigation team has been created and is working (7) (close) with the Civil Aviation Authority to investigate the cause of the accident. There is a need to investigate the whole accident (8) (thorough). At least 90 people were missing on Monday, a day after a massive landslide swept (1) through an industrial park. (2) all of those missing were children and young adults. It was (3) a shock to many as this had never happened before. A news agency reported that the landslide buried 10 buildings in the industrial park (4) midnight when most people were sleeping. There was mud (5) and some areas had up to six metres of mud. More than 1,000 people had been evacuated (6) . About 500 people were (7) involved in rescue efforts. One local resident asked, ‘(8) did this happen?’ The general opinion was that (9) it was due to construction work. The soil that slid down onto the area had been piled up after being dug out in the past three years in the building of condominiums. (10) this was a very irresponsible act by the developer. Exercise 8 Fill in each blank with an appropriate adverb. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 49 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 50 6.1 What is a Preposition? A preposition is a word used to connect nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They are usually short words and are placed in front of its object. The following words are the most commonly used prepositions. above below from on to across beneath in onto toward after beside in front of out under against between in spite of outside underneath along but inside over until among by instead of past up around despite into since upon at down near through with before during of throughout within behind for off till without The cat climbed up the chair to get onto the table. Let me know your views after you have read the book. Go through the door and go into the other room. He ran across the fi eld. Take your sister with you. I prefer to stay at home. 6.2 Types of Prepositions There are diff erent types of prepositions. They talk about time, place (location) or direction (movement). Prepositions UNIT 6 Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 50 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
51 Prepositions A Prepositions of time Basic examples of prepositions of time include: at, on, in, before and after. They are used to help show when something happened, happens or will happen. Preposition Used Example after y for showing a later time or when a particular time / event / action has ended Let’s fi nish this work after lunch. ago y for showing some time in the past The parcel arrived a few days ago. at y for night y for weekend y for showing an exact or a particular time It gets very hot at noon. We’re going there at the weekend. There’s a meeting at 3.30 this afternoon / at lunchtime. before y for showing at or during a time which is earlier than a particular time My sister always goes to bed before midnight. by y for showing not later than; at or before She promised to return by 6 o’clock. for y for showing an amount of time I'm just going to rest for an hour or so. from…to y to show the time when something starts The shop is open from 10.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m. in y for months / seasons / year y for morning / evening / afternoon y for a period of time I visited Italy in July, in spring, in 1994. He likes to watch TV in the evenings. This is the fi rst movie I’ve seen in three years. on y for days y for dates y for particular days Many shops don't open on Sundays. They will arrive on 7 January. She meets her friends on her birthday. past y for telling the time, to mean after the stated hour They need to leave by half past ten. since y for showing from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now It has been nineteen years since we moved to this town. till / until y for showing up to (the time that) He waited till / until half past six for his friend. to y for showing until a particular time, marking end of a period of time It’s only three weeks to Christmas. to y when saying the time, to mean before the stated hour It’s twenty to six. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 51 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 52 B Prepositions of place Prepositions of place are used to the show location. They answer the question where. Preposition Used Explanation above y to show something is at a higher place or position than something / someone My neighbour in the flat above me is really quiet. across from / opposite y in a position facing someone or something but on the other side The bus stop is opposite the post office. after y to show when one follows another They ran after the child with the toy. among y to show something is in the middle of or surrounded by other people or things The bees are buzzing among the flowers. at y when referring to something at a specific point We will meet at the train station. behind y at or towards the back of a person or thing He is waiting in line behind his friend. below y in a lower place or position than something else The whale dived below the surface of the water. beneath y to show under something or someone I hid the letter beneath a pile of books. between y to show something is in the middle of two objects (places) There is an alley between the two buildings. by y to show something is near or at the side of The chair is by the window. in y when referring to something that is inside or within confined boundaries The fresh milk is in the fridge. in front of y to show something is farther forward than someone or something else They waited in front of the coffee shop. near / close to y to show a short distance from a person or thing There is a tree near the fence. next to / beside y to show at the side of someone or something We put the chairs beside the pool. on y when referring to something with a surface The photo of a bird hangs on the wall. over y on something or covering it We held the umbrella over our heads. under y below or at a lower level than something, or covered by something The kitten hid under the bed. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 52 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
53 Prepositions C Prepositions of movement Prepositions of movement are quite easy to understand as they are less abstract than prepositions of place and time. Essentially, they describe how something or someone moves from one place to another. The most commonly used preposition of movement is to, which usually serves to highlight that there is movement towards a specific destination. He has gone on holiday to Egypt. Do you go to school by bus? She goes to the gym. Preposition Used Example across to refer to moving from one side to another Mike walked across the road unaided. Jerry lives across the river. around down over past up to indicate directions of movement He went around the village looking for his sister. Keith rolled down the hill. We walked over muddy patches. He walked past a convoy of trucks. Sandra cycled up the hill. into to refer to entering or looking inside something Maureen went into the room. The deer stared into the headlights. through to refer to moving directly inside something and out the other end The arrow Lee shot went through the window. The cars go through the tunnel. 6.3 When Do We Use Prepositions? The following explains when prepositions are used in sentences. A To show the relationship between a noun and a noun. The fox (noun) is in the trap (noun). The preposition in shows the ‘relation’ beween the fox and the trap. B To show the relationship between a noun and a pronoun. The little monkey slept close to her mother (noun). It slept beside her (pronoun). The preposition beside shows the ‘relation’ between the monkey and its mother. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 53 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 54 C To show the relationship between a noun and an adjective. The child is good (adjective) at karate (noun). The preposition at shows the ‘relation’ between the child’s skill and karate. D To show the relationship between a noun and an adverb. Marion runs well (adverb) for her age (noun). The preposition for shows the ‘relation’ between Marion’s skill at running and her age. E To show the relationship between a noun and a verb. Johan went on (verb) a trip to Singapore (noun) last month. The preposition on shows the ‘relation’ between the act of going and the trip to Singapore. Exercise 1 Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 1 The plate of noodles was my supper. A for B after C about D around 2 We are going on a skiing holiday January. A on B at C in D since 3 Please put the money the table. A in B on C for D over 4 I received a present my mother. A of B by C from D about 5 School begins Monday. A in B on C from D since 6 Hurry up, Alif. You're going to be late school. A on B at C since D for 7 Hello, are you the new student Sarawak? A to B from C about D around 8 I come a big family. I have three brothers and two sisters. A for B from C over D after Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 54 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
55 Prepositions Exercise 2 Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. Villagers have expressed concern that a field near the Lucky Housing Estate has been turned (1) a rubbish dumping site. A resident, who wished to be known only as Susan, said she had seen individuals lurking (2) the site. “A car stopped (3) the site and the passenger got down (4) four bags of rubbish.” Mr Tan who is the Chairman for the Society for Environmental Protection said there had been cases where trucks that came from far (5) places dumped their rubbish there as well. The authorities should go (6) them. They should put the area (7) surveillance and a fine should be imposed (8) the culprits. So far, the villagers are taking the matter (9) their own hands. They take turns to patrol the area (10) the night. Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. 1 I need to talk to you this matter. 2 This is a secret you and me. 3 Geraldine is the tallest her peers. 4 He walked the room and opened the door. 5 There is something moving my mattress. 6 The child ran his mother with open arms. 7 It is very cold , so we prefer to stay at home. 8 We have the end of this month to finish our assignment. 9 Anis and her friends had dinner together they completed the project. 10 you leave the room, I would like you to take a look at this painting. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 55 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 56 Exercise 4 Each sentence has an incorrect preposition which has been underlined for you. Write the correct preposition in the space provided. 1 From my opinion, college students need not pay fees. 2 We must look for the welfare of our children. 3 We cannot stand beyond and let the country go down in debt. 4 On conclusion, if we want to be healthy, we must eat healthily and exercise. 5 I want to tell you off the need to save money for a rainy day. 6 This town is full off people who are jobless. 7 Being punctual means a lot for me. 8 He is standing among the two of us. 9 The boy is jumping in the trampoline. 10 There is someone looking on your bag. 11 Our grandmother is arriving at the 3.30 train. 12 Last year, there was a large number of mangosteens in the tree. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 56 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
57 Prepositions Exercise 5 Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition. A student collapsed while competing (1) a sprint event last month. She was running in the 200 metre race when she fell (2) 20 metres from the finishing line. The 9.00 a.m. incident took place (3) a public sports field. (4) the race, the student had complained that she felt unwell. Many of her friends gathered (5) her after they saw her fall. (6) the commotion, someone called the ambulance. It arrived (7) 15 minutes later. (8) reaching the field, the paramedics immediately sprang (9) action. The student was treated (10) the scene before being taken to hospital. Exercise 6 Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. 1 He is a very strict diet. 2 You should not walk the grass. 3 There is a lot of money this safe. 4 The horses ran very fast the race. 5 Please put your coat the wardrobe. 6 The lady walking his side is his wife. 7 The father supported his son the trial. 8 That house was built about a hundred years . 9 The robber who has a scar his face has been arrested. 10 The college students went to Bandung the term break. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 57 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 58 Exercise 7 Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. What do you need to change (1) your life to help you experience financial freedom? Most of us have experienced a shortage of money (2) some point in life. We have constantly hoped (3) a brighter future. Having a shortage of money often results (4) great difficulty. We can go (5) proper food for days. We live through significant periods (6) economic lack. The answer is to live (7) our means. More often than not, we buy things that we don’t need or spend (8) what we earn. (9) a proper budgeting plan, we end up with not enough money (10) our pockets by the end of the month. Exercise 8 Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. A young girl was seriously injured when an intoxicated man lost control of his vehicle, which swerved and crashed (1) the girl (2) the city hall this morning. The girl lost consciousness (3) the scene in the 8 a.m. accident. She suffered serious head injuries and is (4) critical condition. The girl had been standing (5) the side of the road waiting for her transport (6) school, when the accident occurred. Based on police’s preliminary investigations, the drunk driver was driving his car (7) the town centre to his home when he lost control (8) his vehicle. The driver received treatment at the district hospital (9) being arrested for suspected drunk driving. The District Fire and Rescue Department despatched 10 firefighters (10) the scene. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 58 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
59 Prepositions Exercise 9 Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. Getting schoolchildren to read or write serious material is an uphill task. We might become a nation of neither readers nor writers. Therein lies the death (1) a national mind. The Internet and the smartphone are (2) the main factors that have brought about this malaise. Our attention span has dropped so low, it is (3) that of even a goldfish. Publishers have dwindled in numbers (4) the years. These schoolchildren are often seen playing (5) a smartphone or tablet most of the time. Gone are the days when they would bury their heads in books and such. Now it is just a swipe (6) the screen and entertaining pictures appear. (7) some countries, schoolchildren are given incentives to read. They are encouraged to borrow books (8) the library. This is to steer them (9) a reading culture instead of being overly dependent (10) electronic devices. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 59 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 60 7.1 What are Articles? Articles are words that help us identify nouns as specifi c or unspecifi c. The articles are a, an and the. These words come before a noun. A and an are indefi nite articles (meaning non-specifi c) while the is a defi nite article (meaning specifi c). We use an indefi nite article to talk about something in general (unspecifi c). We use a defi nite article to talk about something in particular (specifi c). The following explains the diff erence between the two types of articles. Have you bought a bicycle, Ana? The speaker is not asking about any one specifi c bicycle but is asking whether Ana has bought any bicycle (a doesn’t refer to a specifi c bicycle). Have you bought the bicycle, Ana? The speaker and listener know the bicycle which is being referred to (i.e. the one they saw in a shop). The makes the noun bicycle specifi c. 7.2 Indefi nite Articles The indefi nite articles a and an are only used with singular countable nouns. The article a comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound and an comes before a word beginning with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u). a or an + singular countable noun a or an + a job or an occupation a or an + an expression of measurement or frequency a or an + an unknown person a car a laptop an untidy room an elephant an apartment a nurse a doctor an angry teacher an engineer an optician a kilometre a mile a dozen a centimetre an acre A Mr Lee called last night. A Madam Mok said she knew my brother. An Englishman is at the door. * Be careful Always remember that it is the sound that matters rather than the letters. Some words may begin with a consonant letter in writing but they have a vowel sound. The fi rst letter of the word hour, for example, is a consonant, but the h is silent. In spite of its spelling, the word hour begins with a vowel sound. Therefore, we use an. Example: I have been waiting here for an hour. Similarly, the word university is spelt with a vowel letter but is pronounced with a y sound. Therefore, we use a. Example: My mother teaches at a university in town. Articles UNIT 7 Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 60 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
61 Articles 7.3 Defi nite Article The defi nite article is the word the. It refers to one particular thing. For example, your friend might ask, “Are you going to the Odeon cinema in Castletroy Park this weekend?” The defi nite article tells you that your friend is referring to a specifi c cinema that both of you know about. The defi nite article can be used with singular, plural, or uncountable nouns. Below are some examples of the defi nite article the used in context: Please give me the saw. (singular noun) Please give me the saws. (plural noun) Please give me the sugar. (uncountable noun) 7.4 When Do We Use the Defi nite Article? We use the defi nite article before a particular or a defi nite object. The following are cases where we use the. A the + noun when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to: 1 because there is only one I can’t see the moon tonight. Who is the prime minister of Malaysia? The king of Thailand is visiting Malaysia. * we use the defi nite article with a superlative adjective: That is the oldest building in Melaka. What is the longest river in Malaysia? The Petronas Twin Towers are the tallest twin towers in the world. 2 because there is only one in that context: We live in a small house next to the temple. (= the temple in our town) Mum, can I borrow the car? (= the car that belongs to our family) I want the bowl of ramen noodles on the table. (= the bowl of ramen noodles that is on the table) Look at the tree over there. (= the tree I am pointing at) Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 61 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 62 3 because we have already mentioned it: Johan bought a computer. The computer costs a lot of money. I have a permanent marker pen. Is this the marker pen that you need? 4 to say something about all the things referred to by a noun: The whale is not a fish. (= Whales are not fish.) The Malayan tiger is found only in Malaysia. (= Malayan tigers are found only in Malaysia.) The liver filters the blood in the body. (= Livers filter the blood in bodies.) 5 to talk about musical instruments: Choy Yen plays the flute really well. She is learning the guitar. Can you play the rebana? 6 to refer to a system or service: I heard it on the radio. You should tell the police. B the + adjectives like rich, poor, elderly and unemployed to talk about groups of people: Life can be very hard for the poor. I think the rich should pay more taxes. She works for a group to help the disabled. C the + name Note We do not normally use the definite article with names: Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 62 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
63 Articles William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. Turkey is in both Asia and Europe. But we do use the with names in the following cases: 1 countries with words like kingdom, states or republic in their names: They visited the United States last year. The Kingdom of Bhutan is a land-locked nation. My Mandarin teacher is from the People’s Republic of China. 2 countries which have plural nouns as their names: I would like to see tulips in the Netherlands. There are beautiful beaches in the Philippines. 3 geographical features, such as mountain ranges, groups of islands, rivers, seas, oceans and canals: Mt Everest is in the Himalayas. The Pacific Ocean is 161.8 million square kilometres. The Amazon is so large that it is part of several countries. 4 newspapers: Mr Lee reads The Star every morning. The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. You can get The New Straits Times in tabloid size now. 5 well-known buildings or works of art: The Taj Mahal is in India. The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch. The Leaning Tower of Teluk Intan is in Perak. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 63 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 64 6 organisations: The United Nations was founded in 1945. My father attended the Parent-Teacher Association meeting at my school. 7 hotels, pubs and restaurants: We had dinner at the Déjà Vu. The reunion was held at the Concorde in Shah Alam. We do not use the definite article if the name of the hotel or restaurant is the name of the owner: We stayed at Brown’s in London. I would like to eat at Toby’s Restaurant. Notes 8 families: The Wongs are our neighbour. The Obamas once lived in the White House. D the + ordinals The last person to leave must lock the door. This is the second time that you’ve been late. The first woman elected president of a country was Vigdís Finnbogadóttir of Iceland. 7.5 When are Articles not Used? Articles can be omitted before particular types of nouns. Look at the following instances where articles are not used. A plural nouns Computer games can be very addictive. I love tropical flowers and fruits. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 64 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
65 Articles B proper nouns The event will be held in Kuala Lumpur. Azlan is a famous singer. C uncountable nouns that have a general function Chocolates are usually packaged in beautiful tins. We should cut down on our intake of sugar. Rice is grown mainly in Asia. D specific places The student was not in school for a whole week. I was at home when the tree fell on the roof. E meals I normally have dinner at 6 o’clock. We have scones for tea. F names of roads I live on Jalan Jebat. You can find the shopping centre on Orchard Road. * However, we use the before the name of a road joining two places. We are travelling on the Federal Highway to reach the city. Several sections of the Cameron Highlands road have been affected by landslides. Note G names of towns, states, countries, games and sports My lecturer comes from Indonesia. Leela plays hockey at national level. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 65 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 66 We use the or a when the country is used as an adjective. The Thai curry noodle is simply delicious. Kimchi is a Korean product. Note H abstract nouns There is joy in this household. King Solomon was full of wisdom. I most diseases David has just recovered from tuberculosis. Raji had dengue last week. Measles and mumps can be prevented with vaccination. Use an article for ailments such as: a cold, a fever, a headache, the flu, a cramp, an ulcer Note Exercise 1 Fill in each of the blanks with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. 1 He is architect. 2 I love to read history books. 3 Are you coming to concert tonight? 4 man over there looks very familiar. 5 She was wearing pair of sunglasses. 6 I bought new pair of shoes yesterday. 7 She is kind person. She is also rich. 8 He thinks that his uncle is the richest man in town. 9 I watched very interesting documentary last night. 10 Do you want to go to seafood restaurant we went to last week? Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 66 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
67 Articles Exercise 2 Fill in each blank with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. 1 I live in apartment. 2 I do not like netball. 3 Honesty is best policy. 4 Carlos speaks Spanish. 5 Sara can play trombone. 6 I bought carton of milk. 7 I saw burglary last night. 8 price of food keeps rising. 9 Juanita comes from Mexico. 10 This is man I told you about. 11 My brother doesn’t eat seafood. 12 I had dinner at Turkish restaurant. 13 night is quiet. There is no one on the street. 14 They are staying at cottage we saw last week. 15 Look at woman over there! She is a famous astronaut. Exercise 3 Fill in each of the blanks with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. 1 Is Marion at home? 2 I left work early today. 3 He went to prison for a major crime. 4 They are opening new shops in this town. 5 I was at police station when you called me. 6 Are you going to clubhouse this afternoon? 7 Did you get a good job after leaving university? 8 The students are sitting at table discussing physics. 9 She was at library when a burglar entered her house. 10 Aishah had just returned from Amsterdam when I met her. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 67 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 68 Exercise 4 Fill in each of the blanks with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. There is (1) new proposal to ban single-use plastic packaging for environmental reasons. Apparently, (2) voluntary plastic bag reduction campaigns do not work. This is despite the fact that a lot of (3) money has been spent on public education and outreach efforts. With the ban, hopefully there will be (4) shift in consumer behaviour. However, behavioural change will take place only when (5) laws are enforced. Retailers and manufacturers need to be given (6) time to phase out the production, sale and distribution of single-use plastics. Then we can begin using recyclable plastic containers that can be recycled through (7) container deposit and recycling buy-back system. This system will also result in (8) reduction in littering. Once there is a ban on single-use plastics, there will be (9) significant drop in plastic bag usage. This will be very beneficial to wildlife and (10) natural environment. Exercise 5 Fill in each of the blanks with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. At least 15 people were killed in (1) explosion at a chemical plant. Two bodies have been received at (2) morgue. However, officials have not confirmed (3) final toll or (4) location of the blast. This would be classified as (5) industrial accident. This town is also (6) industrial hub with factories. More action must be taken to monitor (7) hazard level of these operations. This is not the first time a blast has occured. (8) similar accident happened 5 years ago. Residents in (9) town are duly worried that such (10) tragedy might occur again. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 68 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
69 Articles Exercise 6 Fill in each of the blanks with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. There has been (1) plumbing work as well as (2) laying of new pipes in the town. Repairs needed to be done as (3) pipes were leaking in some places. New pipes were laid to replace (4) old ones as well. As a result of this, water supply was disrupted for (5) whole of last week. Several areas were affected by (6) disruption of water supply. This has inconvenienced many people. Water is (7) essential commodity for both the industry and (8) individual. Manufacturing production was temporarily halted because of (9) irregular water supply. Domestic chores had to be shelved as well. There was also (10) drive to use water economically. Exercise 7 Fill in each of the blanks with either a, an or the. Put X if no article is needed. The current hot and dry spell in the country is believed to have increased sales of bougainvillea plants to four times (1) sale on normal days. A nursery operator who has more than 10 years of experience in the field of (2) decorative plants and fruits said over (3) last few weeks, sales have shot up. The bougainvillea is (4) flowering plant that grows well under full sun. Bougainvillea flowers are also more beautiful under the hot weather and require (5) minimum care. When it comes to (6) watering, bougainvillea is pretty drought tolerant once established. It prefers (7) good, deep watering every 3 – 4 weeks rather than frequent shallow waterings. However, it is subject to (8) few types of root rots. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 69 19/04/2023 2:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 242 A Idiomatic Expressions Exercise 1 Match the idioms with their meanings. The fi rst one has been done for you. Idiom Meaning 1 The elephant in the room k a Legal and honest 2 The last straw b A diffi cult situation in which a lot of people get very angry. 3 Above board c A story that is very diffi cult to believe. 4 A bear with a sore head d In a bad mood 5 At a snail’s pace e To move very slowly 6 The lion’s share f The largest portion 7 Keep your word g A clue or piece of information which is or is intended to be misleading or distracting. 8 A red herring h A situation that causes a lot of problems for you when you start to deal with it. 9 Can of worms i People cannot change their character, especially if they have a bad character. 10 A tall tale j A person who is clumsy and awkward, especially in dancing or sports. 11 A hornet’s nest k A problem or question that everyone knows about but does not mention because it is easier not to discuss it. 12 Two left feet l The fi nal event in a series of bad events that makes you unable to continue with a situation. 13 Play it by ear m To do what you promised to do. 14 Out of your league n To not plan ahead but do whatever seems best at the time depending on the situation. 15 A leopard can’t change its spots o Someone or something that is too good or expensive for someone to have. Miscellaneous Exercises Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 242 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
243 Miscellaneous Exercises Exercise 2 Use an appropriate idiom from Exercise 1 to fi ll in the blanks. 1 Don’t go near him. He is like this morning! 2 His about fi ghting a grizzly bear went viral. 3 The traffi c was so bad – we were moving at . 4 He promised to change but I don’t trust him. . 5 She was the most beautiful girl in school and I knew she was . 6 Jean says he’s not sure what goes on in the meetings, so he’ll just and see what happens. 7 They continue to own the of the textile market. Their profi ts for the past fi ve years were huge. 8 When Maniam got the manager’s post, it stirred up a real because everyone knew he didn’t deserve it. 9 The minister claimed all the appointments were and denied claims that some positions had been given to his friends. 10 I worked very hard but was unhappy at my workplace. When I wasn’t promoted for the third time, well, that was . Exercise 3 Fill in each blank with an appropriate idiom from the box below. y a blessing in disguise y a drop in the ocean y a piece of cake y actions speak louder than words y an arm and a leg y a chip on his shoulder y it’s a small world y jumping the gun y once in a blue moon y over the moon 1 The test was . The questions were very easy. 2 Maurice was as he had won a trip to the Maldives. 3 Doing a crown for my teeth is going to cost me , but I have no choice. 4 One of my friends is always arguing with everyone. I think he has . 5 I don’t go out often. , I will go to the cinema to catch a good movie. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 243 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 244 6 The rich man gave RM10 to Help the Flood Victims charity. The contribution was . 7 I was in a café in Lanzarote and amazingly I saw Ah Seng from down the road in there. . 8 He was when he gave up his job. Now he has found out he has no other job opportunities. 9 The village head keeps talking about economic diversification but does he ever do anything about it? No! . 10 The flu I had a few weeks ago which prevented me from flying with my friends was . Their flight was cancelled and they had to wait for a very long time to catch another flight. Exercise 4 Complete the sentences. y back to the drawing board y between a rock and a hard place y bite my tongue y cut to the chase y every cloud has a silver lining y find your feet y set in his ways y get up on the wrong side of the bed y went the extra mile y put all your eggs in one basket 1 You’re so grumpy! Did you ? 2 This new job seems complicated but you’ll soon . 3 He’s very . He’ll never try any new cuisine. 4 Can you and tell us if we are going to be paid for our work? 5 I had to in that meeting. I really wanted to tell him that he was wrong. 6 She’s . She is unhappy with her job but there are no job prospects at the moment. 7 I know you shouldn’t but I’m going to invest all my money in this gold mine. 8 It doesn’t look like this plan to improve the company’s performance is working, so it’s ! 9 I know you don’t want to be transferred to a remote place to work. However, there are benefits, . 10 Jerry really yesterday. I only asked him to give me a lift to the hospital but he bought me lunch as well and waited with me to see the doctor. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 244 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
245 Miscellaneous Exercises B Singular and Plural Nouns Exercise 5 Change the singular nouns to plural nouns. Singular noun Plural noun appendix axis baby cactus child crisis criterion datum deer dwarf elf fireman fish foot goose half hare knife leaf life louse man money moose mouse octopus ox Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 245 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 246 phenomenon policeman shelf sheep tooth brush box scarf tomato C Countable Forms Exercise 6 Change these uncountable nouns to countable forms. 1 Abstractions a. A of choice b. A of advice c. A of luck d. A of noises e. A of tears 2 Food a. A of soup b. A of rice c. A of cake d. A of sugar e. A of butter 3 Liquids a. A of oil b. A of coca cola c. A of milk d. A of coffee e. A of water 4 Natural Phenomena a. A of lightning b. A of thunder c. A of rain d. A of magma e. A of colour 5 Particles a. A of salt b. A of pepper c. A of sand d. A of stones e. A of ash Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 246 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
247 Miscellaneous Exercises D Homonyms Exercise 7 The following words sound the same but are different in meaning. Give the meaning of each word. isle aisle flour flower aid aide all awl allowed aloud altar alter carat carrot key quay cited sighted course coarse colonel kernel cygnet signet E Collective Terms Exercise 8 Fill in each blank with a collective term. 1 A of ants 2 A of apes 3 A of bats 4 A of flowers 5 A of thieves 6 A of wolves 7 A of geese 8 A of whales 9 A of bees 10 A of birds 11 A of doves 12 A of cows 13 A of chickens 14 A of elephants 15 A of chocolates 16 A of fish 17 A of puppies 18 A of lions 19 A of houses 20 A of shoes 21 A of bananas 22 A of watermelon 23 A of tea 24 A sugar 25 A of wine Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 247 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 248 F Animal Gender and Its Young Exercise 9 Fill in correct animal names. The first one has been done for you. Animal Male Female Young ass jack jenny foal bear sow cat tom kitten cattle bull cow chicken hen deer buck dog bitch duck duck elephant cow calf fox dog cub goose gander goose horse foal lion lion cub rabbit doe bunny sheep ram swan cob pen tiger tiger cub whale bull cow wolf bitch pup G Animal Sounds Exercise 10 Complete the table with animal sounds. bears bees Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 248 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
249 Miscellaneous Exercises big cats (tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards) cats chickens cows crows wolves donkeys/asses ducks elephants frogs/toads geese horses hyenas magpies mice/rats owls parrots H Animal Homes Exercise 11 Match the animals with their homes. a hive b burrow c pen d sty e cave f mound g web h nest i kennel j drey k stable l den m dam n shed o coop p corral 1 ant 2 bat 3 beaver 4 bee 5 termite 6 cattle 7 chicken 8 dog 9 pig 10 horse 11 lion 12 rabbit 13 sheep 14 spider 15 squirrel 16 camel Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 249 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 250 I Synonyms Exercise 12 Match the words in Column A with a word that is similar in meaning from Column B. Column A Column B 15 attractive poll 16 away generous 17 awful innocent 18 backbone absent 19 ballot terrible 20 begin favourable 21 behave tender 22 believable start 23 belly act 24 benefi cial plausible 25 benevolent stomach 26 bid spine 27 bizarre appealing 28 blameless weird Column A Column B 1 about fragrant 2 abstract reach 3 accomplish approximately 4 accumulate lively 5 administer guarantee 6 admit summary 7 almost achieve 8 animated build up 9 annoy manage 10 applicable relevant 11 arise nearly 12 aromatic irritate 13 arrive occur 14 assure confess Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 250 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
251 Grammar Assessment 1 A Fill in the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 He (go) shopping after he (phone) me. 2 He (not visit) me before he (fl y) to America. 3 He (not drive) fast when the accident (happen). 4 Mariam (not work) yesterday. She (be) unwell. 5 Before she (have) dinner, she (water) the plants. 6 He (hear) a loud noise from outside and (rush) out. 7 Winston (break) a plate when he (wash) the dishes. 8 After he (repair) his bicycle, he (cycle) 20 km to town. 9 They (sleep) when thieves (break) in and stole the computer. 10 While they (listen) to music, they (hear) some dogs barking. 11 We (not play) badminton last Sunday. We (go) to town instead. 12 When he fi nally (get) his licence, he (drive) to town. 13 What (you, do) at nine o’clock last night? I called but you (not answer) your phone. 14 I (see) him yesterday in front of the shopping mall. He (wait) for someone. 15 When we (meet) Janice at the conference, she (wear) a blue dress. (15 × 1 mark = 15 marks) Grammar Assessment 1 Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 251 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 252 B Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. A group of men (1) (attack) a policeman during a raid at an apartment unit in Penang. A source said four police personnel who (2) (receive) information about a suspect in a drug-related case (3) (conduct) the raid at the location at 10.50 p.m. two days ago. ‘They (4) (observe) the unit for a few minutes , (5) (knock) on the door and (6) (call) for the occupants but there (7) (be) no answer before they charged in,’ said the source. Checks found that fi ve people (8) (hide) in the house at that time. The policemen (9) (show) their identifi cation cards and introduced themselves as the police before (10) (ask) them for their identifi cation documents. The group then became more aggressive and started (11) (throw) bottles, sticks and shoes at the policemen. During the tense moment, three of the policemen (12) (pull) out while another one (13) (push) inside the house. When one of the policemen tried to apprehend one of the suspects, he (14) (hit) with a wooden box. The injured policeman (15) (take) to hospital for treatment. The source said some policemen’s wallets and mobile phones (16) (also miss) during the incident. It (17) (understand) that a report (18) (make) at the police station for further action. Meanwhile, the chief Senior Assistant Commissioner when (19) (contact) today confi rmed that he (20) (receive) a report on the incident. (20 marks) C Identify and correct the error in each sentence. 1 The cat injured it’s paws so it cannot walk properly. 2 They should avoided peak hours if they want to get to town on time. 3 Kassim, the eldest of the two brothers, has been admitted to hospital. 4 No one like to be late for the meeting. 5 The passengers are upset as the plane have been delayed. (5 marks) Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 252 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
253 Grammar Assessment 1 D Finish the sentences using indirect speech. 1 ‘Fry the fi sh now.’ Hamid’s father asked him 2 ‘Can you give me a lift to town?’ Mrs Wee asked Peter 3 ‘I am going deep sea diving next week.’ Robert announced 4 ‘Four people were killed in the accident last night.’ The policeman said 5 ‘There will be snow around noon tomorrow.’ The weatherman said 6 ‘Where did you buy this shirt?’ He asked me 7 ‘The summer solstice is the longest day of the year.’ The lecturer said 8 ‘These relics need to be preserved.’ The archaeologist said 9 ‘Tony is driving very fast now.’ The traffi c policeman said 10 ‘All the biscuits have been baked.’ The chef said (10 marks) Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 253 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 254 A Fill in each blank with the correct tense of the verb given within brackets. Many countries in the world (1) (agree) to a legally binding framework for reducing plastic waste. An agreement on tracking thousands of types of plastic waste (2) (emerge) at the end of a two-week meeting on plastic waste and toxic, hazardous chemicals. Discarded plastic (3) (clutter) land, (4) (fl oat) in huge masses in oceans and (5) (entangle) wildlife. To prevent further damage, countries (6) (monitor) plastic waste in the future. They (7) (decide) to do something that will translate into real action on the ground. The deal (8) (aff ect) products used in a broad array of industries, such as healthcare, fashion, and food. Norway (9) (lead) the initiative and there (10) (be) a transparent and traceable system for export and import of plastic waste. (10 marks) B Fill in each blank with the appropriate part of speech. Students continue to rely on rote learning to get through (1) (noun) rather than showing a (2) (adjective) understanding of topics, according to (3) (article) report from state examiners. In some cases, it (4) (verb) the students marks because they are not delivering ‘high quality’ answers. The problem is highlighted in analyses of student performance (5) (preposition) last year’s accounting and applied maths exams. The Chief Examiner’s report (6) (preposition) accounting details areas where students, at both levels, handled questions well, (7) (conjunction) also points to defi ciencies. The report also (8) (verb) to two parts of a question on book-keeping where most students were unable to provide (9) (adjective) quality answers Grammar Assessment 2 Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 254 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
255 Grammar Assessment 2 (15 marks) C Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice. 1 The City Council will open Phase One of the new Link Road. 2 The Local Infrastructure Association funded part of this road project. 3 Before this, local residents have used several national roads. 4 However, the committee is drawing up plans to bar heavy vehicles on the new Link Road. 5 Volunteers are going to put up traffi c signs in strategic places. (5 marks) D The verb does not agree with the subject in each of the sentences below. Correct the mistakes. 1 The provision of three new pedestrian bridges are one of a number of signifi cant changes to the town. 2 The councillor have welcomed the alterations to the plan which provides a blueprint for the development of towns. and therefore performed (10) (adverb). Very few had applied the relevant procedures (11) (adverb). In another question, candidates showed some evidence of the tendency to reproduce rote-learned information (12) (conjunction) apply their knowledge to the question asked. In this case, the majority of candidates (13) (verb) a list of the functions of an auditor rather than examining (14) (pronoun) role in relation to the protection of shareholders, as was required. Answers were superfi cial in nature and lacked the detail required to (15) (verb) high marks. Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 255 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
Grammar Guide for Pre-U 256 3 The town need these bridges to allow people to enjoy viewing the river. 4 The river is one of the town’s greatest natural asset. 5 The councillor says, ‘Our ambition are about creating a “World Class Waterfront”.’ (5 marks) E Complete the sentences using indirect speech. 1 ‘A tiger has escaped from the zoo. Please stay indoors.’ The newsreader announced and advised the public 2 ‘Can you post a parcel for me? It’s urgent.’ My neighbour asked me because 3 ‘Where did you buy that hat? It is lovely.’ Jocelyn asked me and said 4 ‘Keep the windows shut. There may be a storm tonight.’ My father advised me as 5 ‘Be careful when you enter that village. A mad man is roaming around.’ My uncle told me as 6 ‘I enjoy eating local fruits. I have paid a lot for them.’ Majid said that and 7 ‘Have you seen the latest movie? I don’t like it at all.’ Greg asked me whether and he added that 8 ‘Where has everyone gone?’ The scoutmaster asked me (5 marks) Grammar Guide for Pre-U.indd 256 19/04/2023 2:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
273 Unit 1 Nouns Exercise 1 1 Great Jazz 2 Melor Concert Hall 3 February 4 Ahmad Shah 5 Lucas Bradshaw 6 Michael Radley 7 James Tan Exercise 2 1 heights 2 range 3 shelves 4 year 5 prices Exercise 3 1 house 2 wood 3 smoke 4 bricks 5 road 6 people 7 chimney Exercise 4 1 fur 2 tree 3 car 4 lecturer 5 students 6 carton 7 sand 8 athletes 9 fever 10 umbrella Exercise 5 1 cacti 2 hooves 3 hives 4 knives 5 tornados/tornadoes Exercise 6 1 collection of clothes 2 range of cookware 3 bag of sugar 4 glass of milk 5 pile of clothes 6 game of badminton 7 set of apparatus 8 spoonful of cough syrup 9 branch of science 10 drop of oil Exercise 7 1 beaches 2 spot 3 sea 4 study 5 home 6 animals 7 fi eld 8 oceans 9 miles 10 habitats Exercise 8 1 Pamela’s 2 hunter’s 3 swans’ 4 thieves’ 5 giraff e’s 6 workmen’s 7 policeman’s 8 child’s 9 buff aloes’ 10 bee’s Exercise 9 1 person 2 body 3 wonders 4 noises 5 skin 6 sicknesses 7 system 8 medicine 9 emotions 10 hobbies Exercise 10 1 copies 2 holiday 3 idea 4 fantasy 5 literature 6 stage 7 adventures 8 beasts 9 children 10 justice Exercise 11 1 need 2 homelessness 3 people 4 stations 5 move 6 uncertainty 7 streets 8 addiction 9 downturn 10 income Exercise 12 1 recovery 2 civilisations 3 stones 4 sentinels 5 secrets 6 monument 7 bank 8 hero 9 enemies 10 spear 11 grave 12 shoulder 13 fi eld 14 battle-site 15 location Unit 2 Pronouns Exercise 1 1 Mr Harris leaves early for work. He takes the bus. 2 Hello, my name’s Anita. I will be your tour guide today. 3 Ann’s mother is a pharmacist. She runs her own pharmacy. 4 The football players have arrived. They are ready for the match. 5 Have you seen my cat? It is black and white and has a crooked tail. 6 All the biscuits are in the airtight tin. They are crispy and delicious. 7 Marilyn is a personal coach. She prepares school-leavers for job interviews. 8 My friends and I enjoy Korean drama. That is why we follow most of the series. 9 The workmen are repairing the roof. It was badly damaged by the storm last night. 10 Annette and I are going to the cinema. We want to see the movie that has won fi ve Oscars. Exercise 2 1 him 2 it 3 them 4 He 5 We 6 you 7 her 8 me 9 us 10 they 11 she 12 I; We Exercise 3 1 those 2 These 3 That 4 This 5 that Exercise 4 1 several 2 any 3 None 4 All 5 anybody 6 Each 7 Few 8 anyone 9 several 10 both Exercise 5 1 Who 2 Whose 3 What 4 Which 5 Whom Exercise 6 1 ours 2 yours 3 his 4 yours 5 mine 6 hers 7 mine 8 hers 9 theirs 10 his ANSWER KEY Grammar Guide for Pre-U Answers.indd 273 13/04/2023 10:13 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
274 Exercise 7 1 your 2 my 3 His 4 his 5 My 6 your 7 Her 8 her 9 our 10 Their Exercise 8 1 which/that 2 where 3 which/that 4 who 5 whom 6 whose 7 whose 8 that/which 9 who 10 which/that Exercise 9 1 themselves 2 ourselves 3 myself 4 herself 5 yourselves 6 himself 7 themselves 8 myself 9 yourselves 10 himself/herself Exercise 10 1 we 2 which 3 its 4 your 5 Our 6 that 7 This 8 Everybody/Everyone/You 9 We 10 Those Exercise 11 1 It 2 which/that 3 him 4 It 5 they 6 who 7 they 8 his 9 this 10 their Exercise 12 1 his 2 they 3 who 4 That 5 who Exercise 13 1 its 2 they 3 which/that 4 They 5 These 6 Some 7 any 8 nobody/no one 9 I 10 This 11 who 12 his Exercise 14 1 What 2 Some 3 Others 4 their 5 it 6 There 7 one 8 we Exercise 15 1 This 2 which/that 3 there 4 this 5 she 6 who 7 He 8 Another Unit 3 Adjectives Exercise 1 1 I like dark chocolate. 2 This is the heaviest book I have ever carried. 3 This is the fastest motorbike I have ever ridden. 4 I prefer crunchy biscuits. 5 This is a lighter shade of blue. 6 He is the smartest boy in class. 7 Have you ever seen a dormant volcano? 8 Going on a roller coaster is very exciting. 9 The lonely child sits on the bench. 10 The whale is the biggest mammal that swims. Exercise 2 1 hottest 2 gorgeous 3 costly 4 top 5 highest 6 hardest 7 studious 8 boring 9 slow 10 delicious Exercise 3 1 bookish 2 watery 3 starry 4 amazing 5 wooden 6 decaying 7 snowy 8 runny 9 icy 10 syrupy Exercise 4 A a little vs. a few 1 a little 2 a little 3 a little 4 a few 5 a few 6 a few 7 a few 8 a little B some vs. any 1 any 2 some 3 some 4 any 5 any 6 some 7 any 8 any C some vs. many 1 many 2 some 3 some 4 some 5 many 6 some 7 many 8 some D little vs. less 1 less 2 little 3 less 4 less 5 little 6 less 7 less 8 less E a little vs. a lot 1 A little 2 a little 3 a little 4 a lot 5 a lot 6 a little 7 a lot 8 a lot F few vs. little 1 Few 2 little 3 little 4 little 5 little 6 few 7 Few 8 little G fewer vs. less 1 less 2 less 3 fewer 4 fewer 5 fewer 6 less 7 Fewer 8 less H farther vs. further 1 farther 2 farther 3 further 4 further 5 farther 6 farther 7 further 8 farther Exercise 5 1 several 2 deadly 3 illegal 4 strong 5 outdoor Exercise 6 1 largest 2 host 3 numerous 4 whitish 5 British 6 biggest 7 soft 8 rotten Unit 4 Verbs Exercise 1 1 eats 2 sells 3 walk 4 planned 5 departed 6 waters 7 sneeze 8 punched 9 made 10 kicked 11 visited; went 12 sleeping; cooking Exercise 2 1 started 2 alerted 3 saw 4 battled 5 destroyed 6 left 7 suspected 8 caused 9 reached 10 work Exercise 3 1 watch 2 covers 3 fear 4 separates 5 experience 6 increase 7 reduce 8 is Grammar Guide for Pre-U Answers.indd 274 13/04/2023 10:13 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
275 Exercise 4 1 has fi nally made 2 amassed 3 enables 4 hopes 5 will do 6 hails 7 lets 8 trains 9 aims 10 stop Exercise 5 1 is 2 are soaring 3 could feed 4 can only buy 5 need 6 could obtain 7 are getting 8 will happen Exercise 6 1 says 2 grapples 3 is 4 wrote 5 highlighted 6 were 7 admits 8 fails 9 won 10 account Exercise 7 1 have 2 signal 3 plays 4 prevent 5 alerts 6 make 7 opens 8 looks Exercise 8 1 happen 2 are 3 park 4 go 5 are 6 feel 7 take 8 complain Unit 5 Adverbs Exercise 1 1 Michael is very handsome. 2 Colin speaks many languages. 3 He is a rather disciplined student. 4 The robin sang merrily in the garden. 5 The police will catch the robber soon. 6 You will certainly do well at the interview. 7 I heard that he is doing great in his new school. 8 The registration process took a very long time. 9 The tortoise walked very slowly in the race with the hare. 10 He swallowed his food quickly because he was late for the bus. Exercise 2 1 The college bus always arrives on time. 2 You and Alice never paint with acrylics. 3 I often clean the birdcage during the weekend. 4 You are usually at the hair salon on Saturday. 5 We rarely watch a football match at the stadium. 6 I am sometimes hungry in the middle of the night. 7 Our lecturer, Mr Ranjit, is never late for lessons. 8 My sister hardly ever helps me with my homework. Exercise 3 1 C 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 C Exercise 4 1 much 2 quickly 3 ago 4 too 5 hard 6 loudly 7 fi nally 8 well 9 easily 10 slowly Exercise 5 (Accept any suitable answer) 1 well 2 angrily 3 carefully 4 beautifully 5 completely 6 slowly 7 quietly 8 happily 9 loudly 10 quickly Exercise 6 1 hungrily 2 frugally 3 Occasionally 4 usually 5 recently 6 extremely 7 sharply 8 Unfortunately 9 gradually 10 daily Exercise 7 1 tragically 2 critically 3 immediately 4 currently 5 normally 6 quickly 7 closely 8 thoroughly Exercise 8 1 quickly 2 Almost 3 surely 4 after 5 everywhere 6 safely 7 voluntarily 8 How 9 possibly 10 Certainly Unit 6 Prepositions Exercise 1 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 B 8 B Exercise 2 1 into 2 around 3 at 4 with 5 off 6 after 7 under 8 on 9 into 10 during/in Exercise 3 1 about 2 between 3 among 4 across/towards 5 beneath/under 6 towards 7 outside 8 until/till 9 after 10 Before Exercise 4 1 In 2 after 3 aside 4 In 5 of 6 of 7 to 8 between 9 on 10 at/into 11 on 12 on Exercise 5 1 in 2 about 3 at 4 Before 5 around 6 Amid 7 about 8 Upon 9 into 10 at Exercise 6 1 on 2 on 3 in 4 during 5 inside/into 6 by 7 during 8 ago 9 on 10 during Exercise 7 1 in 2 at 3 for 4 in 5 without 6 of 7 within 8 beyond 9 Without 10 in Exercise 8 1 into 2 near/in front of 3 at 4 in 5 by 6 to 7 from 8 of 9 before 10 to Exercise 9 1 of 2 among 3 below 4 over 5 with 6 of 7 In 8 from 9 toward 10 on Grammar Guide for Pre-U Answers.indd 275 13/04/2023 10:13 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
276 Unit 7 Articles Exercise 1 1 an 2 X 3 the 4 The 5 a 6 a 7 a, X 8 X 9 a 10 the Exercise 2 1 an 2 X 3 the 4 X 5 the 6 a 7 a 8 The 9 X 10 the 11 X 12 a 13 The 14 the 15 the Exercise 3 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 the/a 6 the 7 X 8 a/the 9 a/the 10 X Exercise 4 1 a 2 the 3 X 4 a 5 X 6 X 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 the Exercise 5 1 an 2 the 3 the 4 the 5 an 6 an 7 the 8 A 9 the 10 a Exercise 6 1 X 2 the 3 the 4 X 5 the 6 the 7 an 8 the 9 the 10 a Exercise 7 1 the 2 X 3 the 4 a 5 X 6 X 7 a 8 a Exercise 8 1 a 2 X 3 X 4 a 5 a 6 X 7 X 8 the 9 a 10 the Unit 8 Quantifi ers Exercise 1 1 any 2 most/much 3 many 4 much 5 a lot of 6 a little 7 a lot of/a little 8 any 9 a little/some 10 Few Exercise 2 1 any 2 some 3 some 4 any 5 some 6 any 7 some 8 some 9 any 10 some Exercise 3 1 much 2 many 3 much 4 many 5 many 6 much 7 many 8 much Exercise 4 1 Each 2 each 3 Each 4 every 5 every 6 Every 7 each 8 each 9 Each 10 Every Exercise 5 1 a little 2 a few 3 a little 4 a little 5 a little 6 a few 7 a little 8 a few Exercise 6 1 much 2 some 3 a number of 4 a lot of 5 all 6 Someone 7 several 8 Each 9 Both 10 No one Exercise 7 1 A few 2 some 3 A large number 4 Much 5 little 6 many 7 a little 8 every Unit 9 Conjunctions Exercise 1 1 but 2 and 3 after 4 before 5 or 6 because 7 Although 8 and 9 so 10 Even though 11 Neither…nor 12 While Exercise 2 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 but 5 and 6 so 7 but 8 so 9 and 10 but 11 so 12 or Exercise 3 1 because 2 so 3 because/as 4 but 5 but 6 because 7 because/as 8 so 9 but 10 because/as Exercise 4 1 so 2 lest 3 though 4 where 5 unless 6 that 7 whenever 8 rather than 9 so that 10 whether 11 as 12 If Exercise 5 1 either…or 2 Whether…or 3 No sooner…than 4 Not…but 5 If…then 6 Both…and 7 Not only…but 8 Either…or 9 either…or 10 neither…nor Exercise 6 1 and 2 but 3 as 4 but 5 as 6 if 7 but 8 and Exercise 7 1 so 2 but 3 or 4 yet 5 and 6 so 7 as 8 and 9 nor 10 and Exercise 8 1 and 2 when 3 so…that 4 but 5 Even if 6 Once 7 Undoubtedly 8 Whenever Exercise 9 1 and 2 When 3 than 4 Although 5 Because 6 that 7 Unless 8 both…and 9 as well as 10 Instead 11 but 12 or 13 when 14 so that 15 When Unit 10 The Present Simple Tense Exercise 1 1 teaches 2 likes 3 rains 4 listen Grammar Guide for Pre-U Answers.indd 276 13/04/2023 10:13 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
277 5 likes 6 goes 7 wears 8 walk 9 enjoy 10 read Exercise 2 1 are 2 is 3 am 4 is 5 likes 6 are 7 reads 8 am 9 live 10 is Exercise 3 1 My aunt does not cook lunch 2 The twins are not ten years old. 3 She does not recite a poem. 4 I do not speak German. 5 Danny does not phone his mother every evening. 6 The cake is not fresh. 7 The cat is not sick. 8 The heavy rain does not cause landslides. 9 Tropical fruits are not expensive these days. 10 My father does not play the accordion. Exercise 4 1 does not run 2 do not play 3 does not have 4 does not deliver 5 does not work 6 does not water 7 do not work 8 do not like 9 do not speak 10 does not use Exercise 5 Dialogue 1 1 Why are you here? 2 Do you like roses? 3 Is it diffi cult to grow roses? 4 What are some of the diseases? 5 How do you control the diseases? Dialogue 2 1 Why are you here? 2 What is wrong with your phone? 3 Did you try to dry it out? 4 Do you think they can repair it? 5 Do you want to buy a certain brand? Exercise 6 1 Everybody/Everyone 2 Every/Each 3 Each/Every 4 someone/everyone/everybody 5 Everybody/Everyone/Nobody/No one 6 Nobody/No one 7 anyone 8 Nothing 9 Everybody/Everyone 10 something 11 anybody/anyone/nobody/no one 12 anything Exercise 7 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 A 9 A 10 A Exercise 8 1 states 2 goes 3 is 4 feel 5 have 6 is 7 is 8 determines Exercise 9 A 1 fall 2 fail 3 wear 4 are 5 feel B 1 look 2 make 3 speak 4 are 5 is Exercise 10 1 is 2 plan 3 drives 4 interact 5 goes 6 soars 7 gossip 8 becomes 9 have 10 achieve Exercise 11 1 need 2 is 3 reveal 4 leads 5 migrate 6 are 7 takes 8 are 9 are 10 protect Exercise 12 1 treat 2 hope 3 need 4 is 5 drives 6 avoid 7 confront 8 requires 9 is 10 looks Exercise 13 1 brings 2 decide 3 are 4 fold 5 put 6 is 7 seem 8 are 9 make 10 gets/becomes 11 is 12 make 13 free 14 is 15 feel Unit 11 The Present Continuous Tense Exercise 1 1 is leaving 2 is raining 3 is walking 4 are preparing 5 is moving 6 are running 7 am reading 8 am using 9 is boiling 10 is singing 11 is taking 12 is making 13 is serving 14 is playing 15 are having 16 is trying 17 is sailing 18 is studying 19 is ringing 20 are planning Exercise 2 1 Adam is performing an act on the stage. 2 Rita is doing an assignment in the library. 3 The gardener is cutting grass in the garden. 4 Matthew is revising a lesson in the study room. 5 The soldier is training in the fi eld. 6 Carolyn is busy talking on the phone. 7 Sophia is waiting for the bus at the bus stop. 8 The spider is weaving a web on the fence. 9 Kylie is dyeing her hair at the hair salon. 10 Daniel Singh is watching a movie at the cinema. 11 The rabbit is eating a carrot in the cage. 12 The fi sh are swimming gracefully in the pond. Exercise 3 1 They are walking very fast. 2 I am looking for my car keys. 3 I am serious. I am not joking. 4 I am listening to the broadcast. 5 I can tell when she is lying. 6 Puan Halimah is teaching Maths. 7 She is sleeping on a new mattress. 8 You are bothering me. Please go away. 9 Gursaran is hanging out with his friends. 10 Tina is painting her bedroom walls white. 11 She is learning how to play the caklempong. 12 He isn’t playing football or sepak takraw today. Exercise 4 1 Where is he going? 2 Who is she arguing with? Grammar Guide for Pre-U Answers.indd 277 13/04/2023 10:13 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.