SPM Model Test 210 10 Diagram 5 shows a stage in a type of cell division. Diagram 5 Identify the stage shown in Diagram 5. A Prophase B Metaphase C Anaphase D Telophase 11 Which of the following statements are true about fermentation? I Fermentation produces 2 898 kJ energy II Fermentation occurs in mitochondrion III Fermentation produces lactic acid or ethanol IV Fermentation occurs in condition of limited or without oxygen A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV 12 Diagram 6 shows a plant that grows in a pot filled with water. Water Q P Diagram 6 What are the products of respiration that occurs in part P and Q? Part P Part Q A Carbon dioxide + water + energy Ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy B Ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy Lactic acid + energy C Lactic acid + energy Carbon dioxide + water + energy D Lactic acid + energy Ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy 13 Diagram 7 shows the respiratory structure of a fish. A Diagram 7 Which adaptations of structure A allow for efficient gaseous exchange in fish? I Has many lamellae II Has a network of blood capillaries III Has a bony gill arch IV Large operculum opening A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV 14_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 210 11/01/2023 1:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
SPM Model Test 211 14 Diagram 8 shows an alveolus that is surrounded by blood capillaries. T Direction of blood flow S Diagram 8 Choose the correct partial pressure of oxygen in S and T. S T A High High B High Low C Low Low D Low High 15 Diagram 9 shows the stomach of an individual that has undergone a surgery as an alternative to reduce body weight. Bypassed portion of stomach Gastric pouch Bypassed duodenum Jejunum Diagram 9 How can the surgery reduce weight? A Less food intake B Increase the risk of gastritis C Increase the nutrient absorption D Increase the insulin production in the body 16 Diagram 10 shows a part of human blood vessels. Blood vessel X Blood flows Blood capillaries Diagram 10 Which of the following are the characteristics of blood vessel X? I Small lumen II Presence of valve III Transports oxygenated blood IV Thin muscular wall A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV 17 The following statement is about one of the vaccines taken by many individuals around the world to gain immunity against the COVID-19 virus. Inactivated virus vaccines that use a dead virus to stimulate our bodies to produce an immune response, similar to flu and polio vaccines. If you receive the vaccine above, what type of immunity do you get? A Artificial passive immunity B Artificial active immunity C Natural passive immunity D Natural active immunity 14_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 211 11/01/2023 1:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
SPM Model Test 212 18 Diagram 11 shows the crosssection of a synapse. Synaptic vesicle Substance X Diagram 11 What is the importance of substance X? A Produces energy B Produces hormone C Produces neurotransmitter D Transmission of impulses across a synapse 19 Diagram 12 shows the regulation of human body temperature in a cold weather. Body temperature drops below normal range Corrective mechanism Normal body temperature Thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus Thermoreceptors in the skin Diagram 12 Which of the following is the mechanism of correction by effectors through physcial methods? I Vasoconstriction of arterioles II Erector muscles contract III Adrenal glands secrete more adrenaline IV Thyroid glands secrete more thyroxine A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV 20 Diagram 13 shows the formation of twins. Diagram 13 Which of the following is correct about the twins above? A Their genders are different B Their blood groups are the same C Their genetic makeups are different D They have their own placenta 21 Which of the following causes a tree stem to grow wider in diameter? A Annual plant B Photosynthesis C Primary growth D Secondary growth 22 Why does a leaf containing chlorophyll look green? A Because the leaf is green in colour B Because the leaf absorbs green light C Because the leaf absorbs yellow light D Because the leaf reflects green light 14_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 212 11/01/2023 1:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
SPM Model Test 213 23 Diagram 14 shows a type of plant that is able to trap its prey, typically insects. Diagram 14 Which of the following nutrients is supplied by the insects to the plant? A Iron C Sulphur B Boron D Nitrogen 24 The following statement is about insects that get their source of nutrients from plants. Many insects and pathogens have evolved to access phloem to get a rich source of nutrients. Most phloem-feeding insects belong to the order Hemiptera, including aphids, planthoppers, whiteflies and shield bugs. Sumber/Source: Jiang, Y., Zhang, C., Chen, R. and He, S., 2019. Challenging battles of plants with phloem-feeding insects and prokaryotic pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(47), pp.23390-23397. Which part, A, B, C or D supplies nutrients to the insects? A B C D 25 Diagram 15 shows one of the transport vessels in plants. X Y Diagram 15 What are the parts labelled X and Y? Part X Part Y A Sieve tube Phloem B Companion cell Phloem C Sieve tube Companion cell D Companion cell Sieve tube 26 The following statement is about the practice in our society to speed up the ripening of mangoes. Mangoes are placed in a container of rice to speed up the ripening. How can this method speed up the ripening of mangoes? A Ethylene is trapped in the rice container B Heat is trapped in the rice container C Oxygen is trapped in the rice container D Carbon dioxide is trapped in the rice container 14_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 213 11/01/2023 1:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
SPM Model Test 214 27 Diagram 16 shows the crosssection of a papaya. A Diagram 16 Which part of the flower does part A develop from? A Ovule B Ovary C Anther D Stigma 28 Diagram 17 shows the crosssection of a lotus stem. Air spaces Diagram 17 The stem of the lotus is composed of light tissues. What is the name of the tissue? A Vascular tissues B Epidermal tissues C Aerenchyma tissues D Sclerenchyma tissues 29 Anas platyrhynchosi is the scientific name for duck in Linnaeus binomial system. Which of the following is the hierarchical level of Anas? A Order B Genus C Family D Species 30 The following statement is about thermophile bacteria. Thermophile bacteria are bacteria that can withstand high temperatures and grow at optimum temperatures of 60°C to 80°C. They are found in hot springs and highly acidic conditions. Which of the following is the kingdom for thermophile bacteria? A Animalia B Protista C Eubacteria D Archaebacteria 31 Diagram 18 shows one of the adaptations of a mangrove tree. Diagram 18 What is the importance of the adaptation above? A Reduces rate of transpiration B Provides support to the tree C Eliminates excess salt from the leaf D Prevents fallen seedlings from being uprooted by waves 32 Which of the following describes an interaction between biotic components and abiotic components? A Flowers are pollinated by birds B Birds build their nests on a tree 14_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 214 11/01/2023 1:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
SPM Model Test 215 C Rabbits eat flowers and vegetables from a garden D Reptiles sit on hot rocks under the sunlight to warm their bodies 33 Which of the following does not contribute towards the environmental sustainability? A Practicing 5R concept B Upcycling waste substances C Using pesticides in a garden D Using owls as a biological control agent in oil palm plantations 34 Select the appropriate criteria for products, equipment or system that are categorised as green technology. I High quality product II Can be used for a long period of time III Has low release of greenhouse gases IV Encourage the usage of renewable resources A I and II C II and IV B I and III D III and IV 35 Table 1 shows the Punnett’s square used to determine the F1 generation when two plants with round seeds are crossed. Round seed is a dominant trait while constricted seed is a recessive trait. Male gamete Female gamete R r R RR Rr r Rr rr Table 1 What is the probability of getting constricted seeds in F1 generation? A 25% B 50% C 75% D 100% 36 Diagram 19 shows a pair of homologous chromosomes. D d f F a a Diagram 19 What does D and d represent? A Allele B Genotype C Phenotype D Gene locus 37 Diagram 20 shows a hybrid flower, Lilium asiatica. Diagram 20 What is meant by a hybrid? A Plant produced from selfpollination B Plant produced from dominant allele and recessive allele C Plant produced from a cross breeding between two purebred varieties D Plant that has colourful flowers 14_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 215 11/01/2023 1:49 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
232 Answers Answers SPM Model Paper Paper 1 1 A 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 A 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 B 11 D 12 A 13 A 14 B 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 D 19 A 20 B 21 D 22 D 23 D 24 A 25 C 26 A 27 A 28 C 29 B 30 D 31 D 32 D 33 C 34 D 35 A 36 A 37 C 38 D 39 C 40 C Paper 2 Section A 1 (a) P: Mitochondrion Q: Chloroplast (b) R transports synthesised proteins (c) Palisade mesophyll (d) – P generates energy for active transport to occur at the roots – Q traps sunlight for photosynthesis process. Roots do not carry out photosynthesis 2 (a) (i) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (ii) As a source of energy (b) Chitin is formed from hundreds of monosaccharides to form long molecular chains through condensation process. (c) – Soak the peeled potatoes in water to remove the starch on the surface of the potatoes. – Then, bleach the potatoes in hot water to remove more starch. 3 (a) Process of gaseous exchange (b) (i) Y: gills Z: alveolus (ii) Both have a large total surface area to volume ratio for an efficient exchange of respiratory gases. (c) – Alveoli lose elasticity and increase in size. – Alveoli walls become damaged. – The total surface area of alveolus decreases and the gaseous exchange becomes less efficient. 4 (a) (i) Joint M: Ball-and-socket joint Joint N: Hinge joint (ii) Ball-and-socket joint allows rotational movement in all directions, while hinge joint allows movement of bones in one plane. (b) If muscle A is injured, it cannot contract. Leg cannot be straightened. (c) Milk and green vegetables 5 (a) (i) Structure P Palisade mesophyll (ii) – Has a transparent layer that allows the sunlight to penetrate the leaf – Has guard cells that contain chlorophyll and are able to perform photosynthesis (b) (i) The rate of photosynthesis will decrease. The optimum temperature for plants is between 25 °C to 30 °C. The enzyme will denature at 50 °C. (ii) A source of oxygen in the atmosphere 6 (a) (i) – Shoot: positive phototropism/negative geotropism 15_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 232 11/01/2023 1:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.
233 Answers – Root: positive geotropism/negative phototropism (ii) – When the pot fell to the side, the shoots are exposed to the light only from the above. – Auxin will move away from the light. – The auxin concentration is higher in the shaded side. – Cells in the shaded side elongate more compared to the cells in the bright side. – Auxin promotes cell elongation at the shoot. – As a result, the shoot bends towards the light. (b) Phytohormones are chemical substances that are synthesised by plants at a very low concentration to stimulate or coordinate responses in plants. (c) – Auxin stimulates the development of adventitious roots at the end of stem cutting. – Ethylene promotes maturation of fruit quickly. 7 (a) (i) Process U: Ammonification Microorganism: Bacteria/ saprophytic fungi (ii) Nitrobacter sp. (b) – The interaction that occurs is mutualisme. – Rhizobium sp. bacteria in the root nodules of legumious plant will convert nitrogen gas from the air into nitrogen compounds that is needed by the plant while the plant provides food to the bacteria. – Both organisms gain benefits. (c) – Use the crop rotation technique. – First, plant the leguminous plants (plant C) to supply nitrate ions in the soil. – Second, plant the vegetables (plant A) since leafy green vegetables require high amount of nitrogen. – Lastly, plant the tuber plants (plant B) since they require the least amount of nitrogen. 8 (a) (i) Dominant trait: Violet flowers Recessive trait: White flowers (ii) – Both parents are homozygotes – During gamete formation, alleles separate to produce gametes with dominant allele from one parent and recessive allele from another parent. – When a dominant allele pairs with a recessive allele, this will produce heterozygous offsprings. Recessive trait is not observed because it is suppressed by the dominant trait. (b) – Genotypic ratio: VV : Vv : vv 1: 2: 1 – Phenotypic ratio: Violet flowers : White flowers 3 : 1 (c) – Both of their sons inherit haemophilia. – Haemophilia is caused by the recessive allele on the X chromosome which is represented by Xh . – The sons inherit X chromosome from their mother who has the genotype Xh . Section B 9 (a) (i) Y: Loop of Henle (1) Process: Reabsorption (1) (ii) – The ultrafiltration process occurs under high hydrostatic pressure in X (glomerulus) (1) 15_Q&A Biology SPM F5.indd 233 11/01/2023 1:50 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD.