Colloquial Thai - The Complete Course for Beginners

346 Thai-English glossa ry

..,khiiwog thing, marlcer of khlllb saenwlt c1 uh sandwich
possession RaUIJ.'I11lA'hf similar
khawog kilo antiq ue
khhii (I.:: hhi i)
tril~fh
•.no

khiwng khw:'hJ present Imhi . clutc h

I, tlMtI~CV flalltf

kbawng Jen toy kh1a w n g canal
I .,,"khi wpkhun
trD.Jl,h,

lhank you khliw1r: clinic

I tlilU~tIl corrupt ion AMA ever, used to
kha ~~chaD khoei

fin., '\j ,AV

I kh iiwthoht excuse me kholl person, people

'tml't'1~ AU

I khaya ruhbish Imon dio alone

tml: flULGltl1

I khuyiln ha rd.working khon khap rot driver
tJihoi
f!'Ilt!U7{l

I thee to ride khon Ii yalling in differen t ways
fI'Lm::rnh'>l
,i ~

I khee kial lazy, not feel khon r.ii: criminal
like- p ro b a b ly
'l'Iv~ flUi'ltt
s t ingy
kllCe ni(l khonx (ja)

",,,ntn
"''''kbem khat
be lt khoo meuh mi:lnu a l

I Mfi ~ilil

khellh to be khrai who

~. 1",

kh euhn to retum, bring khnmg lime, occasion
back tli'>l
~U (polite par!icle
to go up khriip used by men)
thenn
to write "'ll family
~U
to think khrawpkhrua suntan lotion
kh,.la"n"
to be wrong tl'iEltJfl11 machine,
khit classifier for
to miss khreem kan mac hin es
I. dacf
to thi nk Ihat plane
khit plJ'it fl~1JlhjJJ,~
khr~uang
~f1tl61
lfl;m
khlt Ibcung
nfli\~ khrellang bin

khft wia i~E1.nm

!\ttj,

Tha i-English glossary 347

khr i uaug drink (noun) kbwaam m~i: meaning
dimhm
~fl;(H~ll fl11$ll1)1'lfl

khwaam phil ntistake, faul t

kttreu:IIng m usical fl11J.ltifl
dontrce instrument
khwlam cilt:: love

1n111-MUf I ' fl l 1 ) i i f l

Ii.b~Ulmg menh tool kh waam raw n heot

1 " '0-.11] .. fll,mO\4

khrellltDg phOo. answering khwaam f lyO speed
machine
tawp fl11J.li;1

LfI~(I~flflD\J khwsam roo knowledge

khreuang washing machine fl l 1 l J 1•

sak phia khwaa m suk happiness

L fI~':Nfi nNl mllJ~tl

khrellng ha lf khwllla m YKa k curiosity
schoolteacher
"~, roo yaak h~n
il'II1lJ!ltJlflim:rln~'Il
khroo

"1 khwai: water buffalo

khuap year (when A1l1J
giving t he age
V1 U kiloh, ki logra m

of a child up kilohkram
to 12)
botllc nl., nl.o'l.

.,.!dIual kiloiInlliyt ki lometre

nlilllJfI1

khui to lalk, chal !ti. ..t

~V you. polite title nu

khun right kin khiiu: to have
(-~and side) something to
~N nUtn
goodness
khwb kio kop '"conce rning
memory
." ,ntnFltJ middle, central
truth
khwaam dee klaang r"
idea
fll1W mm near
opinion return
kJn\'aam jam kls i U-turn

fl11Wih 100

kllwasm jing kh, i

tlI1JJ~~~ 1mi'

khwaam khif klap
fl~U
fllUJ~tl
klap rllt
khwaam khil
he n nau'U)
fl1111~W,MU

I

II Thai-English glossary

348

II

II ld iiwDK t h i l : camer a kwaang wide

<"'p n),»

II miD.xi1tJvJ kwiley ti~ n o o dles

klom rou nd I'ilfJI~'n

II n"" ali"aid

kina L

II nlh banana

tluey
"II nli1tl ]>e<
"k. to hunl
II ~ polile and lia one million
to wash
linking particle aod
"ko diil:
II liloi all right lian

ko l a~o kan IilU

that 's it hinng

II nulilnu iil~

kOtmAi: l.w lae

II f1!J'1lJltJ lin::

kr.lldAat paper hiek pfian, pfian to exchange
U afl~tlll
II n1::flllf
kridum
bunon lueo a lread y

II mUll! uih

krllp l o suitcase, bag taeo jer kan see you!

mtlth (not a plaslic Ltiil'~i'iU
..I:
bag), pocket taco kii and , and then
kraplo sal3111ng waUel
ua,n

~ m::Lth""m laeo lae it's up to (you).
In" phliw s to m a ch depending on
u.nuti

m ::lm:: Ii; shoulder

II kniprohog skirt l11a

n, ::hh~ Iii.i: many

II krobl angry ".,.,

In,.tl llii: yaang many things

I krungllJilyp Bilngkok l1~1UBth~

fl 'l~l111' lambaak difficult

kuk cook, chef <il lJlfl (physically),
prawn trouhl esome
Qn key, lock lling behind, after,
bac k
kfmg la"ng"' classifier for

~,

kuojae

Q'I'L' more "iN houses
after
kwau Ihgjaak

ni, ..,MQln

Thai-English glossary 349

lao spirits, liquor 100g (haang to get lost

llllil 1.00' "a~tr» child. i.e.
offspring
lao: handsome look
classifier for
' "Iilw 10 try (i.e. test ."look round thi ngs
out)
'Mati .n ",n
secretary
l"wDg look chlr. customer
small
.D< 'J n1f1tl daughter
to play
Ja yk h aa n u k r u i R look kbi" to reduce
to break up, ~nfi,
."unn'\jn1"l end, quit, loose
,In look sAo:
give up to go beyond
le u ~mm
to choose in advance
lri..., .6t
forget
le rk ••
deep
L~n mam
to entertain to
I ~mak a meal, raise, ,,.11i11lJ
L~'iln kcep (pels)
IIlImg
....a.leuhm mo nk ey
~n luang nia
tum dl~..,lil
1111,
further, beyond, .,M
I~U~ at all, right
away, mOB to come
lin g completely
m" dog
~, world
'''''maa (rollowing to have donc,
110 loc k have been
a verb) doing
I~fn wind
IJ1 very. very much
loei
La' Uluak mother

I"hk .,n river

I" wile cot

".'6•k ".lUUaIc", <"nualll universi ty

,.10m maco

loog 10 go down "'"nuih:lay,il-

'" IhaY·ldai
lJMl"",rill

1\

II 350 Thai-English glossary

II
ma l
wood m a lakllw papaya
\1 1. new, ag..'1in mango
to burn ~f1il ;,
mal question marker lime
negative marker mamtiang drunk
1. ,;
...m
\1 mi i
ma.
l '11li
jj.
\1 mai
1• • manao:
I
mil JJ::tll1

W m,a.o,

mal . .. ~ck loei never again miiphriio: C()C(Inut
lsj~f1li1!1 JJ: ~fn
11
miil thoi
not really marcohn DeC day after

II b,jfimJ 10 mean )Jt"~ '\Jtf tomorrow
mai: kbwaam maw doctor

I wall! ""'mAw doo rOrtu ne teller
'HJ.Jl11A11)Jil

wil mee lltai nO Lhing l1)JrN,! d e n tis t
maw (HD
I Wihitl ,

wii mee khrai nobody 'I1)JuMJ

I 'bnflfl'nlll i nia m enll unbelievable maw nUHt masseur/e use

bhi~ll. mro'l/,1~

I mai ••• nii miiyk clo ud
,1m
1,; .. .W. oowhe re

m3 )"DOO menu

mai pen rai thai's all right, il Illy metre
doesn't mlltrer
1..~.h mayt
ill
mi l sabal: "'ft,

l Jl;;{U1f/ me aulliD like, the same as

mill sabai: j ai unhappy, 1'Hl.irJlI

W"'I.11111Q un easy, m~ to have, t he re is
worried
p

miii WHa ng busy mee Rrai reuh? is anything the
lJjh~ not very . . ma tte r ?
tlil::h'I1=fil
mai •.• 'haurai mL'l1.)•JU t6 smell bad

lli .. . Lthl'l1'i

mai: layk number meua chao this moming-

'I1~lPJUl'll l~flI.til

miii: layk thlibia n registration meua kil\\'U in the past
L ~mi il\l a moment ago
l'IU"lO,atM~LOPJ 'U num ber
meua kee nee
OIHhre ng inseC I I~(}ri;j

U)JiH

Thai- English glossary 351

...meUlI kheuhn last night nia next, in front 0(.
LsiLl~Url season. face
mCWl. WIIan nee yes terda y \111•1 farm, rice fi eld
t hick
L~Dl1\i;j same as befo re, ...., boring, an noying
mCwm denn same as usual worth looking at
..D" , tasty-looking
ndhn.!t~ also, the same, ugly, disgusting
InfunD kao fairly naa beua c ute. lovable
what a shame
ndlalliiu country, town ll..rl.. in teresting
worth visiting
meuang Thaihm d ni a dOD nice to live t n
L£iiH Ii") watch, clock
when water
meuang tbai min kin gene rosity
tiliNlf1t1 an y ti me ;oe
'Ih7iu lime j uice
mcna ra i lla nd orange juice
mia klint flood
L~!ll '11 ' ten thousand a lo ng time
lhm~tJjl model
meuHrai ki'i dill: pork. pig nfut rak
Idi)l'l1;til~
village ,hin
meuh naa Sill dlli:
fi nished, used up
~, " ..1'11Ifl1U
expired, out of
me uhn d,te mia sonjai
'Hsi'll
hal, cap U1((\I,lQ
moo
classifier for nia tbin
.."'I cigarettes lhftlll

moo billn txJXing nlia yoo
",!"111 "ho~

mol nalll likau
'111~01
•••
J,n:'iiam
mot HIllYU
nSam jai
'H)J ~el"Q ,h1~

muak miam khl\eng
tf"l1ih
.,.'H)Jln
DI'IIW InRnRO:
muan tfl)Jt 'Ul1

muey , .nU1I1II sum
\ll~J.J
""
....naam fhUam
N tfni"l)J

•• particle (softens "'"naang bacp

'" warnings or Ul4L\J\J
invites
agre e m en t)

I Thai-English glossary
I 352

II Dilsthee mi nute 0110 that (pronoun)

• '111 ~u

I Ric (jai) 10 be sure ning to Sit, or to
,,:,,'L~ travcl as a
ib

nie nS'''D certai n. fo r s ure paSSenger

u.';uau nling leat her

II olli in. inside l1ii~

1. nang film (movie)

rul' where, which l'Iii~
1••
nllogseuh book

:1 nilk heavy, 'VI ij,il'l£I

,",un excessively nangseuh newSp llper

.Ok someone phiDl
ski lled in
1\ un 'Hii41fiJ~~V!

I something nan: cold

oak klt8 U poli ti cia n lIt.1 11

I meuaug mipthellh to believe in,
II ~nn nltl()~
(ui k k811n tMol diplomat ihIDfl respect
mil to make an
ilnm,,'ll'l
ii. appointment,

nali.. ra wnJ!!: singc !' arrange to
meet
ilf1'i'()~

oak rian stude nt Da wk oul, outside
iindvu (al school)
. on

nak seuk.<;aa student Daft'k jiak apart from
ii~mn (al college, UflO'il1n

university) nawn lap to slcep

mik thiiwng tou ris t Um.llfinJ (l iterally

Imo lie and
I iin';a-.fltl1
nak thiira kit businessman, nawng sleep,
iiflq,n~ woman Ufl~ younger person

nam tlUtH s uga r miwng chai: yo unger brot her
U~N111tl
J' fI1il
mim-mltH petrol
nawng sao: yo unger sisler
,hiJ'U UtN al1

mimm\k we ight nee this (prono un),
waterfall t hese
.-.J111iln that (adjective) ti
this (adjective).
,namlok UI! e these

nlln if no rt h

~" Della

l'Hill!

Thai- English glossary 353

.neua beef, meat niyom 10 appreciate,
,~ 10 be popular
n e u ey ti re d ~"" with
one
ndJ08 steamed nobn thai ove r there
7 p.m. (adjective)
MUR& wor k Tu.
over there
.d. nobo
(pro nQun)
neung hi.
message
d. n6ht
a little, few
neung thum l,r"
l1d>l~1J just a little
nD6u.''",
.,.ngsiln .."hm bird

ngaan}iang party noli. mil k
( cel e b r a t i o n)
~1'L11~t1 ~ un massage
funer al
ngallD sop "om tr aditional
weddi ng massage
-¥lUAYl .,.u"
e~y
"Kaan taeng nuat
ngaan lo nely
nilal phllcn
-rnmtiHlll money, silver bohraan
U1flUUU1\J11f\i
ngi i: saJary
0 excla m ation
". =h s howing you' re
nglln oh-bOh surp rised or
quiet impressed
~M ~' T.T.
snake o p p o rtu nit y
"g,:enm. ohkill a t 10 transfer
sleepy car repair shop
ngem dellan ltlfnfl
~~Li'lflU character, forest
be haviour Db"
ngem sOt PC"
jus t a little, .01.u
L'hIfl~ f, w ~

ngiap a litlle p
po.
,~""
~,
ngoo
paak-kau
j
ngliang (nawn) thrnll

~ HL!Il'\J

nis!it

~."nil dio

llfll.~tl 1

nitnoi
~m1\.iflv

,I Thai-English glossary

:~ 354

:1 pacp dio j ust a moment phiak part (of;l
Lli}ul~fn e igh t country)
I 10 go tnII
I pil e i central Thailand
return phiak Haang
.00 to pass
sign, notice 1l1fmi'i'.a
pai la ng uage
1~ pbaan
pa s.s p o n
pai klap rhu
1tln~u I",
p h a a sii a
pii: storm
m,.-,
i1,. allergic to
phaasaphawl
pam " Blll"mali petrol station lose
~lJJ1iiu vnmJa i "
class ifi er for
pauMa problem pbaasee CDs, pape r
and ila l
tltj111 mil t hings

Pn" year phaayu expensive

"eo to be, to be "'~ 10 slay
LiJll ilble to s om e w h e re
ph8.c temporari ly
peo a ra i? what's the
matter,! '"phlie vegcla ble(s)
L\nw:1,
. ..." to rest
pen huang to worry
ph8.en MYlmma r
Lthn!"N
phaeng thousand
pen khai wa t to ha ve the 6u
y;\i .'" person
responsible fo r.
•m.1tim.1. Qj phak staff

1m.lH!n ~lIIi rnai dill: lbnl 's nOI "" sales person
lihi1. pos.~ibl e
.npbak
pen wilt to have 11 cold
11:h..11~" phHkphawn

pt:D ya ng-n ga i whit t's it like? Yim.itlll
bian~ how is it?
Lih.tU~ -t,j1~ phamaa

.,P'" to open, to be vuh
.~, open
phan
phaa to take some one
ii•
phaa cloth
cotton phamik ogaa"
.ll fn1 n~111

.w--phaa rai: phliulik ngllau
khli.i :
phaa rna i silk wiin~'u'D1U

rJ,l..,l./

Thai-English glossary 355

pharulk ngaan waiter (wait ress) ph ~u.an friend
serp neighbour
wife LVinu colleague
"Uf»l'UlMTf fr ie d
fried noodles, pbi!uan bian 10 print
phanNiyaa museum
Thai-style lll'il\lUlU spe cial
.fI"J"un wrong
''''' phcu8n mam illega l
phill skill
e n o ugh 0l,aan sunburn
phat thai fa tht:r plastic
reasonable, fair l aun~.f'lU
~1"fJ just righl "'"g
satisfied phim
phatlom parcnts VI~~ na tio nal anthe m
thin (o f people) to produce,
;ifl~lJ nurse phiphif-t ha phan
ghost, spirit man UfltctuTc
phsw older person Vlrli5IlN?i I (male speaker)
elder brother hai r
•• brothers and pbisilyt fru it
person
I,hiiw sistcTh 'AL9Iti te nanl
e lder sister p a:<;.Se ng e r
Ii. just now pbit
spicy
phllw chlii ~.

"fl,ilti phil kOtlU1ii:

ph.u,wa dee iJfI~"'lJ"lfJ
phi u
plulw j lli
~1
ymllil
phiu mai
pbii.w nuie
;h1,.,;
'riani
phlaasal ik
phawm
"al\f"n
u""
phlal'nc
I,hayaabaan
~"a~
" fJ1\J1a
phlayng ebia.
ph'" L"a~

~ .1.phlit
ph ~c
ph6m
fl
••
ph ~c chai:
phom
'FIti1fJ
u.
pbcc nawng
p hlin l a m al
~1!iH ~.ml~

phcc slio: phfio

flim ~

.fl,ph~rng pMo chlio
Ij.~,
....phcl
• phOo d o hisli.an

Ij1' fl llit"

~

:! 356 Thai-English glossary

I! phoo Jacban manager pit to close. closed
~flIl" fi, h
I c rim in a l o.
phoo ra i: to fralLS late
:I!~ male, man, boy pl>. s trange
@ll1 empty
:1 mou ntain ~., fake
pboodlal: safe
;~ spea k plae to change o nc' s
.;.no
I to tell a lie u~. mind
pbookhlio to change
l to joke pisek
f.l!n clothes
phuot to speak IItJan to plant
offensiv ely usually
'!" plan emb
10 say someth ing ltJ~l me e ting
phoot knh·hI)k wrong post office
Ypll n'l'lfl plawm in Suran c e
10 say something about
phOnt le n tha t is CQrrect thru),l Lo fine
country
'Yfi'It."u female, woman, plawtphai door, gate
girl usefulness
phont mllak mmfliitl first degree
10 meet
'I'j~lJln pllan jlli
dictio nary
phuot phil luritiulOJ
~~~ monk
pilau phia
phout Ihouk because of
~tnlUi!41
'l',!fI~ fl because
(followed by plouk
phOoying cla use)
~~~>I U."
together with
phOp pOk-kall
pepper
""phOljAn au nu - tln.
tomorrow
krom poo
w"
"~n'" ~

phra pnlchUDI

~'" th, 'I"
pbriiw
JWaisBnee
1.1'1'1:
phraw wila ltl'jlKiiil

L'I111::11 pra kaD

phriiwm u,::ii'LI.
'I1 i m J
pramaan
.,"phrfk
l h: l J1tl/
pbrung nee
Vli~il prap
11~\J
plllk
~nEln pratha)'t

th"::rr11'l
pratoo

11'l"::\lj

prayuht
lh~lEl!iU

prinyalltree

tRryq,nf'l'i

Thai English glossary 357

prio ron, rap s~ i: 10 answer

ltRfJ) 10 ache ~ \j~1tI (the pho ne)
nil faste n, tighlen
pil a t
I. govern ment
tho
riit- illa b aa u 1(1 wai t
R
;3lJ1i'1 between ...
",,,raakhlll price aod
shop raw
raan restaurant to be careful, to
bookshop "I1Iw'!ilang ••• be ware of
;111.
shoe shop kBP pClrticlc used in
nian aahaan con t rad icting
clothes shop ':l1il~ ... ~lJ or correcting
ilUD1't11"l
pharmacy rawan !!: hot
faan khai: photographe r's 'tl~
10 cry
mmgseuh (shop) rawk
l 1 , i lfl to sing
; 1l.ItllfJ'I'Iil'>lllE fi ~ '
nlwn , hoe
raall kbai: strong, strength imJ.
fill wng Ihao post codc period o f time
plantation, field rli,,'ng hal
·hU.tr1tniHL';1 bad, wicked iil>lH fast , e arly
to love
rSlin khlii: we niwng phlayng to hurry
to receive, in~Ln,H
seua phia to Slart, begin
luke, get, nutng (hao
;l'L1.trU~il~l fetch ,a>lLm question m~rkcr

rian khAi: yaa di}'ii wa)'laa q uestio n marker
i l\,t!lllMl used to nsk
' ;(J ;: Ll~l about
ciao Ihili: fOop someth ing in
~yo t he p<lsl
t nuhf'1t1
tl, boa!
rut!k rcep

u'" lu

rHt!ng reno
t'U
u"
re u plao
rahat praisanee 'Ll1~l
, ~~l\hlftij~
",rell yang
ri i
reua
1;
Il .
ral:

hI

,Ok

'""0
t"

rIIP

lu





~~ 360 Thai-English glossary

I slIt ha a nlh o o t embassy see Jeuang ye l l ow
hello, goodbye,
! (Jl)lU'tJ" ""_1h.l'I:til~ sq ua r e
sa wMtd ee any polite
greeling li..iIu" purple
fll,," 10 fepair
10 leach ·see muang
..,.siiwm Iwo
~ ~1.i·H
R p.m.
, .~ see ni m ogem b lu e
to take an exam brown
sa wng pass an exam ""J...~ orange (colour)
fai l an exam see mim laan
ao, economy
four 11'11'1911<1
sawng IMm sure!, rea lly
"ll~~JJ oo[o ur, paiD! see $Om
pink M~
sitwp
«d sec thao grey
ao"
b lack lnm
sawp diii: CD
"Cl'\J1~ lig ht blue see yaek intersection
white (of four Toads)
sawp 10k green lIutlfl
to sign
"ll1Jfln ,e,nii"
sayt-Ia kll thread
sen
lft1ltS"'" to fin ish, 10
,.",'" complete doing
,e,
l.n'll shin , blouse,
i\ coat
seua
,ec clothes
fi I~D

""~" semi phia

see chomphflo Li!ur,
~'IllI"J
se';!iI yeuhl T~sh i rt
se1e<tdt.a, eng
l1il&.
see dam
se uh 10 b uy
!fril
~.
sec dee
seuh khiiwng shoppin g
~I
~fl'lltl~
see faa
~>fi seuksaa to study (at
~mt1 coJlege or
see khlio:
sis univerSity)
1ftm broken,
,~,
~ "hlo damaged,

1fltiu') sis dai: spo iled, to die
it's a pity
!1ftlfllfJ
(0 be sorry
sia jai
L1f[l1~

1\1

Thai-English glossary 361

siang noise Wn miak mostly, most
noisy of tbe time
I~" th ings ,b")J1n
len W<>
siang dang eleven suao sit
lorry preuy
..ihWi'>l all.!a,rl ripe, cooked
-10 a.m.
s~g kbiwng suey he alt h
sofa polite
~." "'"k'" polite
qn
sip last
sUk-kha phiap
~u eye
iftJll1'11 diffe re nt
sip ef suphiap ab road, foreign
but, o nl y
luo. ifl11V1 to break,
su phiill p
sip law i.e. shatter
riaproi wate rm elon
1fUilil ~fI1'N1,~!J1JimJ to geT married,
suI tha i:
sip mohng be married
ij"e'l'thtJ to get dressed
eMo south, under
~tJiJJ4'111 side street T to die

so hraa neckla ce .,lsa r1lll l'kc l
1~1
dirty lillaog
soi
o r a ng e of"
."
10 send, la ke 1aanl!. pralbuyt
sOi khaw someone
mm,::nu'l
rriilllf'lli to suspect, guess,
doubt ."lae
sOk-kaprok
to be interested lack
"mho in
."n
sil m zero
tI.eD~ moh
,."..". tal! (of people
or things) u,,~ ~
"s(mgs~i
"~~fJ to smoke laeng ngaun
sonjui Li~ 'H'"
fresh
olloiltn" lac ng fu a
park, orchard.
tlufi garde n uoldh

slio ng Iii

~, 1.

soop tIIi:

s.~,u ."

•• .....lalaat

suan

"'''

-I 362 Thai-English glossary

1 ....fali ""t allihe time Iln t]t to ans.....er
1 a .m.
I titla wt pa i (ro m now on OD" ftlU
fta~ltJ to dance
II tee ne wig wake up
!a,mIlb"o.n sub-d isl ricl
:~ om!, (of oneself)
tllm..u8t police excited
I ~"'l q ',m building
if
I lamrua' truat immigration '"•. in that ca~c.

! khon khiio police t l!U ram to ask

mc uanjl; Liui l to eat (formal)

ri"'lqJII"qflULti'l.nil-.l leuhn w'y
a lte m a ti ye
..-, .lang lae si nce ~ genuine
re pla ce,
" leuhn ten
'"" stove su b s ti tut e
~1JLiiu area. row
,m
tcuk so ldier, milita ry
.-tiU to cui Thai
decide to "n
tut sin~ai per, extens ion to photocopy
thas ta ke
ilfl1l'u 101
;, photogra phs
"w
oiD Ihaa yang

taw raak halil 10 bargai n n.g.a n,
ei01lAl
flltl ~~
tlilWD ha i: afte rnoo n (early)
flilUU1tl lale al nig ht fh all m

t awn d~uk .1>1

flilU'fI night thaa n
lawn klua ng
.'"
kheuhn .,.,lhaang

",!l\lnl1r.ln'LI now, at the ,...tbu ng leuak
t!twn nee moment 'H'hlla ilfl

Plil'Ud at fi rs t 0';
tawn rick
ufternoon (la te) th~"
fI!l 'llu1n
lawn yen must, sho uld ."'

...r1il'LJ.U1'1l tha eQ

ti " 'ng om
bi wng ka..n 10 want (fonnul)
"iNn1'i thaMan

'YI1il'i
t hai

1",

Ihili: ilykasiiall

riltlLllm'l1"i
lhai: roop

thult1

Thai- Eng/ish glossary 363

thiila w t an to argue Ib i o foo'

..,. ." z:un::fl'LI sea ,m• equal, exactly
the same
tbaby to do thio kan
o nly
,ham to make me rit ~,,1Ii\l
how much
tham bun to make thiOn8A
>I11j<j something to give change
happell nhiiu
th8rn hi i to withdraw
,;;t~ to break lhuorai
gold
tham hi i sia to lose ..nhl,,;
~tomach
'h"'~' to cook "tb awn
( li t e r a ll y to have
tham hai: tMwn diarr hoea
'do food')
"hnu to clean ""thawng to take o ff
."
thanl tlip to work deep fried
khli.o: lh3wng
to make a te n nis
";1l'iml1 mistake ';U'II
who, which
Iha m khWIIWII ordinary, usually tha wng si s
sa-aat 'ti&l I1iEJ classifie r for
";ltll-wa:ill f1 why orders, places,
thim1 scals
Iha m nl;aan to be in time
...." at, in
'rimu ban k
th i w! ago, last
!ha m phit (ud tank Ihayn- n il
aflerward~, later
';-M\ a ll, both LJlUya
wh e re
Ihlm-nladaa altogether thee
anywhere
1i''Ulfil slree t ;I
he re
tha m-ma i thee

'ril1),1 ;I

tb:tn thee

""tha n aa kbaan ~
f1\fWll'
tllec loco
t h;a,n g
fl'I~1
,thlin g
"'Ihang mol tbee lallg

~~"'lJfI 9'i1ia-3

th llnOn thee nM

""" ~1""

(he e n ~.1 ko dJlI:

1il""Ifl.

thee nee

~ti

i~

36' Thai-English glossary

..II thee sUI mos, thohrasap mobile phone
~ meuh tbhh

thee 1ham office, place of 1mih",jjooil

~n work thook cheap
marker of
.,";'WlU tele vis ion 9"

thee wee tbOok

tbee yoo address 9" passive
~oti voice
lhook lawng correct, proper

theem learn tJnMiH

""!Muh ,Ihua whole
m
to carry

~, !biley , up

theung \0 arrive. reach, Ii",

~, until tblit every

twang (wan) midday ~" eve rywhere
midnight everything
.~"' (I,) fhlik thee

thillng kheuhn ~n~
L~V~~'Ii
lbUk yilang

thfng to th.row away 't)flaU'N

fl , thung sack, plastic bag

thio to go somewhere Q'

l-rilll fo r pleasure thilng meub glove

tlUo bin flight Q~iJil

l;;lI1il'll ihUng thlio sock

two dk) o ne -way (ticket) q.al'il

Liitfl.Jirfl thuri b usiness

1\ fhlp t ip It, :::

fl1J tia short (of people)
I~tl
I.,(hoh to telephone

tiang (Dawn) bed

Ihoh klpl' to cal! back, L~tI-:(UilU) stick, gel stuck
return a
111 ' n~ \I fit

call ~. be addicted to,

tho b maa hua to phone fit (kap) to catch a
(incoming) disease
1""1.11,.,1 ~tiln'lJ to be next to
to phone
thohf,lIi hlia (outgoing)

1", \hn

thoh phit call the wrong fit taw to contact
number
l""tifl ~ilfia

thohrasitp telepho ne 16 table

\~ It'l, ,,"wrl 1.,

Thai-English glossary 365

100 grown up u p - p p a" l l equipment,
utensil
1. to fall from ......ff11n1tii
rot
10k som ething. 81\1
10 be startle d sweet
10"k"d.i W
10 miss a bus, to put down
nn. train who
free , not
Il.k rot spicy soup w"aa''n'g' occupied, not
busy. empty
fIn'lit., tree ,1< unemployed

tom yam cupboard wiang to leave a
';JJ!i1 deposit
postbox i1<
tonmai glasses
phone box wailllg "gillilo
';ulli ring
fridge ''hH1\1
too wall;og ogcrn s unglasses
~ opposite
rnatjam glasses,
t60 praisanee where exactly spectacles
~1J,,.Qi" '}1~L1\1iif1=h
straight ahead to put away,
t60 Ihohrasap wien put in place,
on time store
..fjt",flvm ....i.., 10 be able to
to cbeck, (nonnally used
too yen examine ""'"wien kiln diet in the
negative)
t!'1N classifier for U.i Uo"llilfi
furniture , say prayers
trong khallm clothes, animals wiu tau
to swim
wuiiUJ ticket U.i'Ufl1
tcenagcr
tr(ln~ Alii sample w1"1'
day
"" '"'Iro"~Pai accident wiii

..,~ tI 1",

trong wllylaa wlii phn1

..,-&la1 l"ln"

.,tniat wai:nbm
"'nil
i-nnJ,
lu.
walrftn
.,to,. ~ui'll

tua yaang wan
'hi
ibmil>!

U

obitt hayf
~"LM'l

~I

366 Thai-English glossary

l wan uuthft Sunday wiu view

l'UD'ri\ftii ;l

I wan angkhaan T uesday y
'i"~,, Mo nd a y
WIlD jan
w~a"n'k"e"n' .,yu
birt hda y medicine
ya.
~hlLn fl don 't
llIi1
WHn nee today mosquito
yaa kan yun; re pellent
;1 lud fllfi'\J~
WilD phareuhat Thursday dr ugs
l'LIYl'llT'" yau sayptit
lIlI awiitll tobacco
I wan phfli holy day to want
1'1.!'rl, t yaa soop
difficult
wan phut Wednesday ..rJ1l!u
to be curious
lIII l'U'I115 Saturday '"yaak
wan sao Friday guard
'i\lLa,.~ yaak
thi ng, kind,
wan suk mn lype
,II lUI'fm
yiaak roo b a r b ecue d
wan yut holiday
1ll 'H~f1 yiaak hen only

."wang 10 hope OOm;mllru1•U at least
I hope SO how, what
wang will ,y.-........
(formal)
yang-at Bud d h is t '''''yiillng te r rib le
le m pJt:
w"'Hl,rhu-l ~1>1 to separllte
~. culture
yaang dio large
wi l-tini lham
il~l>lIWn spicy salad
l Wltlli'nJJ
yaang noi
waylaa t ime mh~ilfl

n~l yaa,n~ai
ntl1-l"l"
wee dee oh video
l ~t, yae

we esull vi s a LLU
'joril
yiek
wfcha a s ubj ect
",n
1.,
yai
wi,ng to run
1.~
1.
yom
wi H ha y a alui college
til
' l1f1100

Thai- Eng lish glossary 367

yang still yer-ramaa Germany
no t ye t IlI1l1"Uu
Ii> how 10 borro w
long yeuhm
.ya~mii make fema le
~. Japan ""yinx
.~. to be
ya n l:,u ~ lIi 0001 yoo somewhere,
10 sew Slay. live
ii",l~ illj
a lot is doing
yltO: yo n (following something
Iil verb)
.n mosquito
'i
yee haw difficu lt ,
yung co mp li cate d
~".
~. to stop
ye~ pun
/ij~u yung

Y'"·•u *'yut
.~.
yep

ye"•r"

Itlllt

English-Thai
glossary

I

A age aayil

,,~

about pram.!!an ,go thee hieo

U':::~'Qj fl uiil
. .1.1 fh~~";J:::
about to kamJangja agree, to ben duey

LlI'I.IfI1tl

ebroad tilling prathiyt Aids rohk ayd

ti'NU,tt,," hflttlflti'

acddent ubAl bayt air aakaat
q!iW..~
tnn'ltl

accou nt bancbee .a'air- a.
ache, to ~<vf condit ioning
airport s a n aa mb io
pUDt

add ress ~,. all .....,a'Ullrij'U
admire. to allergic to ,g
advance, in t~e yoo a lo n e ••
ph lie
~·V
U,;
".chom
khoD din
lfiang nia
~1-1~,rl fIlAilfJl

afra id kl. . all right ko diii:

n!' ifl.

after lling (jaak) al ready laco

"'~~(fj 'n) u,i1

aft ernoon tuwn hai: also dliey
( e a r ly) altogether
fltl'l.lU1PJ America i lE!
afternoon
(late) lawn yen ,thallg mol
'H'HW
afterwards flD'Utiru
amayrikaa
thee Iilng
'fIL)J~fl1
fI.,, ~~

again cek laco, mai ancient bohrulID

lInuih,1'Mli lin""

English- Thai glossary 369

""d .., ask, to thlam
and then
.'"..llieo ko "' OllJ
• • 1O
at least thee
a ng ry bobt ~
a nim al August
I"" yaung n61

,;, ath niafJ

~l deuan
sin gh h ( k b o m)
ankle khaw thaD
annoying tilmifl .m1fl~
itll.l'l1
B
niia beDa

\l 'l~!1

.auanswer, to tawp b'g thUng, kr~p1io
Q~, n,ttU'

enswer the nip sai: banana kluey
pbone, to ~lJalU
mhfJ
an ybody khrlli k6 diU:
1f1"iifl~ Ban gko k krun gthayp

fl' ~L"W'

anyth ing ami ko dii: bank thana akhllau

il:l, ifiti rI'I.Ilf'I11

any time meuarai ko dill: barbecued yillng

tiiol..,.it11i til<

anyw h ~ re thee nai ko dii: bargain, to Iii", raakhlla

;!1Mulilfi ,;il1'''1

denan muys3l1(yon) bath room hi:~n8am

IftallLW1lI'U
,....April •1

area be, to pen, kheuh

U01 ,tJu, ~a

argue, to Ihlihiw kan be able, to dill; pcn
urn
.,.l1:l.itl:ft'U 1., ,tJU

khaen be somewhere, yOo
arrange, to ;jilt ,
arrest, to '0 .~
arrive, to ,ujap
as for because (of) phr'w (waa)
Asia theung
IVI'1t:(11)
~,
b, d liang (nawn)
s3mrap
"1'i'I~\J LMfJ'>1('1Ul\l)

aysia bedroom htlwng nllwn

IDl.ilu 11fH \lOll

beef nelUl

I~'

beer IN,

~uvi

." English-Thai glossary

II
370

\ before kill wn ('Mung) hookshop raliO kha i:
riil\ln~
bored. to. be nllngWu b
before t ilw" bori ng
bo.rn , In be ;1,.,trWlMii.:atJo
0011 borrow, to.
bother, to. bcua
~ ,g,begin, W re,;mJ,Jl l~(l
behind
believe, tokhMltng lang Dia bellil
'lh>ll1~ >1
1i1t~a
Cbe llll
kert
believe in , to. na pthi!uh
,~.
I ut/na
yeuhm

~"

robkullD

belt kb em khot bottle 'Unl'll
~~lJfifl
..,.khuat
1\ hetween ... rdwaang .•. k8p
'l:'I1i1-~ ... ~\l

ra wung
I~ '::'\1and boxing mucy
heware of
beyo nd loei ooy ""phoochai:

'"bicycl~ r6 t j a k-I.:rayall n boyfriend ~lH
'Ut~n'nnu break, to fa en
I!II~ biU(in a
eMk hin break •••

restaurant) IMila ,.something, "n.hak, tick
Uftfl
bird . ok
tbam hi i sin
un
m1ill'tl

birt hda y W81t ken b rcakfa<;l aahian chao
B1l'I~Lil
~..n.

bite, to .0, bridge sa pb aan
bring, to
~I black: rio ..'.""'"

ree dalU ao maa

~., LtlllJl

b lo u s e si:lIa bring back, to khellhn
I '~n
blue (dark) s~e nam ngcrn broken ""sia
lI~"'~u ,~,

blue (light) see fau brothers and phee miwng
sisters
M1 ;:h~D ~
brown
00.. rcua see mi m taan
".oook Buddhism
oangs~ uh lI~l'nn

",ii~lIu sua.sanaa phii.

AlilUn"ll'llf

English Thai glossary 371

building tcuk cele brity .",daarau
cer tain
burn. to. on nae DIlWIl

bus mm ,,\luau
business
1"" chai r ldio&:
b u siness m an, In1~
-wo m a n rol bat
cbange, to laek pfiau,
b u sy 1uiia
plien
but thura
U.~tltllllj
buy, to q'f:::
ch ange plian phia
oak tbanik'll dothes, to
lu~uu,h
iinq,i'i~ change one 's
mind, to. pUllin j ai
miii wiang
lJlh~ chamctcr Itl~1J\I1~

lac nisl!.i
IL~
nfl,
seuh
cheap t hook
~n
check, to QO
C chef
Chiang Mai du:k, Iruat
called, 10 be n ak lnia chicken L~", ~''N
c h ild
L;tlflll kuk
~n
"" m j ai yen
chien~ rnai
1'i1luu LIlH M~

camera ldiwnl!: thai: roop .,.til

naufll'pJ 1,

oa. di i:, pen ,.n

1~, l\Ju

c a nal kWawng child, i.e. look
offspring
f\IHH go
China,
on< rOl. rot yon Chinese jee.

car repai r "ifl "lflll1.lil choose, to ~.
shop
o. cigarette lellak
careful, to be
~ cinema LnDn

riiwang burce

"i:i\l V·l

carry, to tbeuh rohng nang
h~M-:I\I
I,

cash ngem sot civil ser V:l nt khaa riiachakaa n
dean
t11.lil~ 'lin1t!n'M

oat moc. sa.-"a,a,t.

lUI'

II English-Thai glossary
I

372

clean, to ihant khwaam cook, to lbam kap kbio:
cooked
SII-illt 0001 ,hilutill
correct
If'I'I'l11Jat1l1f1 cost sDk

clear chil ""y••

••clever ,.t:fU,liat ""•

~ ..close, to pit \hook (t uwn~)

~ .,clOlh o. .,~n(iil~)

phia khlia
•
cotton phia rai:

clothes seua philo ~lU

I clothes shop itinr.h cough, to ,I

niall kh4i: 1,

seua phaa coun try memmg, pralhiiyt
;lU tlm.1ie~l
l;:]ll>l, ,h:ll1l"1

cloud miyk crab poo

OJ. 1J

coal seua crash ChOD
~,
""bill khrllydit
coconut mi p h nio: credit card
coffee U"'J~fl"i~
w Id ltmi1;
cold, to criminal khan rai:
"".ka.rae
have a crocod ile f l \.' ;l t l
collect, to 0 :10:
colour jarakhiy
come, to """pen wat
company on: l'Ii
complain, to d'.hnl'"
contact, to cross, to khiam
co nvenient ",p cry, to
'1Ilr;aa~·fn;hii
Inu
,up tinley
•••
) tilt!

m. . cupboa rd too

"'bawrisal ~
curious, to be yillak roo yiiak hen
'U' ~'YI
bon mnnimnmih.l

tiu customer lOok khlla

til 19W ~nAl
~jl"(]
cut, to ••tat
saduak cu te
nia rak
R:~lln
\h~fl

English-Thai glossary 373

0 dirty !ok.kllprok
disease
dance, to len ram dis gus t in g itrnhn
do, to
tiU'il rOhk

dangerous anlarai: 1,"

~U9l'flll .,0" k6al
'h,nl'fM
daugh ter look sao:
tham
.nan

day W~ doctor mAw
document
;" dog w",
dollar
day after mareuhn nee iiy kaslian
tomorrow 1J::~ud
I£lna"
December deuan
rob
thanwaa(khom)
w"'
~~Hujhmfl1J
lhlwnlaa
decide. to tal sin~ ai
f1mlin,
i\fI~U OJ
doo< pralno
deep le uk down stairs
~n tk::fJ
dress, to
wD.deep fried tbawt khiaRgling,

degree prioyaatree chin ling
d el icio u s
\I'l'll'lf""! .. • .t ,
ami
'II1~(t"» tilli\"»
il;oo
tae.., tua

Ilti.Hb

denlist m:\w fan drink (noun) "hreuang
dCuhDl
11l1.mU
lA1a").I

department hung drink, to deuhm
drive. to
Slore lil>l ~"

deposi t, 10 Gak kbl.p

diarrboea, to "m iiu
have
lluiwug sia driver k.hon khlip

li'w,1!u . 61

dictionary pbOtjanaamikrom f \ l l ! i U '' 'l

ffil uT'~n"jJJ driving bai kh~ kllce
licence
die, to tai: 1uiJu
drugs
01lJ yaa sayptit
drunk
different taang tn."rMfi
difficult dry
0'" mau

yank, lambaak, 1"'

yfing hien,
Inn. kn.I1f1, ~~
'w•'

I~ 374 English-Thai glossary
E
every thuk

early (before kawn waylaa everyt hing ~"

time) noumn thuk ),aang
'IIflDrh~

early (so ra)'o everywhere Ib.k thee

,4,won) ~th llfl;i

early in the ogii: ex.am, to lake siwp
an ",U
"'.morning
exchange, to laek, laek
easy
~ 'Wcat, to
kin (khio) excited pIlan
i'lU(ti'11)
LLan, uafltl~tJU
egg khAi
teuhn t~n
1. ~\lL~U

\ eight pief excuse me khiiwthobt
tmll1~
LLtl~
exercise, to Mwk kamlang
elder brother ph ~e chai:
kai:
~'1!J i1unfh~~n1tJ
elder sister
el ect ricity phcc sAo: expenses khihl cMI jru:

ilil''' fh1'11=hlJ
Cai raa
l ..h expensive phlteDg

ele phant ChauDg ex pired "m
e leve n
""Sip el mol aayn

:n.!. explain, 10 "1If1il1Q
expres.. alhibai:
e m b<l ss)' sa th liia nlliool
extell~i on !lSUllJ
empty "n1U~
.,rot duan
pJao 'imil U
lOw
Uj~1

England, angkril .,ey' to,

E nglish fi,mflti

enjoyable sanuk

eno ugh "I" F
enter, to
pha w face mllt
factory
.a fai l an exam lI'1h

kh,.•i,n rohng ngaan

equal .huo kan h 'N1U
evening meal t";11i\l
sawp 10k
8lth:ian ycn
il1l'l111VlI .""'"

English-Thai glossary 375

fall from cok first riek
some llting, first, at
on "'"tawn niek
'0 .,"
khri~'Pkhnlll fliruU'fl
fam ily five
A'U l U f lT I fligh t plaa
r' n
ra< pbatlom Oood tJ,"
fl ower
farmer ;w.aJJ hi....
fl u, to have
fast kJai fly, to Ibio bin

fasten 1.. rood L ~tl lihl

chao: oaa roo. DRam thuem

'1:111\11 '0' ~1111~
rayo
fo rbid, 10 dawk mai
,.'"• fo re ign
for e igner f1£1nl,j
rat pen khil wat yui
forest
fa t UWIlD fo rget, LtNlth11t1111tY
(arm
B1'L! (our bin
free (not
father phiw ~"
busy)
~, sshlhm , Idi p

Februa ry deuan khV.o:
kllmphaa(phan)
tliilUf}1lsnmt6 U1\t11, litniT)

(eel, to rOose n k thvu
fetch, to
iAn ~,"1

nip h1lii_

;u biam

fe ver kbii -'"taaoC prathayt
oh~1.h~'t'I~
11;
dum: t:wng
fie ld sanaam
film (movie) prath ilyt
a-U1)J
ti11.h~1.htn1l'1
Dang
po.
l'Iil~ ~,

find, to jer leuhm

fine, 10 pr'"ap '"bacp rawnl
fin ish, to ll'U uvl nill
1.l~'U
see
set
ri'l;'iI Ti

finish, to jop wiang

(e.g. studies) ;"
'"finished
mot

"""

376 English-Thai glossary

fresh sO•.• give change, thawn

F riday wan suI!: '0 .ml1inlgiass kieo
~\4f! ni
fridge glasses w3en taa
10 0 yea
fr ie d ~ih, glove Idllfl1

fr ie nd phil. go. \0 1.iUtg: meab
q-ril a
from ""pheullln go down, to
Iille'll pai
fruil jbk
1.1
full '111
.,10••
fu ll (Le. had phOnlamal
eno ug h to Jln1sj go out, to 'w.
eat)
t. m DDn
fuo l~"
go somewhere (pai) thio
om for pleasure, l~ tJ'l

ri. '0

sanuk go up. to .s.kheuTI
go ld
.~n good thawng
good at
G "

...garden •do.

generous keng
get, to
get stuck suan '"'something
ghost goodbye sawatdee
gid "'.
gir lfriend Iflaill
prillOO
" Ivtl. III good-looking I>w
\h~
'H ~D
m(.>t naam jai
gove rnment nit-Ihabaan
':,111 green ~ ! tJ1"

dil see khlo

I. lnil El1

til grey see thao
grown up
~. '.lhntl1

phlle 1.
~
g uard yoam
phooyTng guest
~'Htij~ "'.

fa.emn . khiek.

hii """

1i

English-Thai glossary 377

H holy day wan phrs
I)lM1=

".hai r ph6m homework ksan bian

.!,half k.hreung 0 11\J•1\1

han d m.uh hope, to wlinl
hospita l
~. "l~
hOi
happen, to kert thenn rohu g phayaabllHD

ti'ii1~ll t'-mfJ1\Jl~

,'wn

;Il\!

happy dee jai, sabai: jai, hotel rohng raem

mee khwaam suk i'~LL'1J
tl~, ,nJlv1~,
il i'l1 UJ~tJ hot-tempered jal nlwn
1~;m,~

ha rd-working kh8yan hour chullmohng

!lil'U ihtlN

hoi mUak house blinn
..unn
UN

mee how ya ng.nglli,
have, to how many
yaangrlli
..•..be
"'"head lH1"" i1th~1,
hua
••rl•

ib how much tlaiorAi
h und red
he a lth silk·khapbiap ..nh1\1;

iJ'Iflll< roi

."hear (aboul), dii yiD ;
1,;;• hungry hTu khio:
~l,;n
heavy nak

,..111fl hurry. to reep

he ll o sawatdee lu

~1~~ hurl, to j ep
\~\J
help, to chiicy
he re husband .,Psb mee
."thee nee
~ti

hill iribes chilO: khlio

trl1Ltn

hire ehao I (female chi n
spea ke r)
L1h ii.
I (mate
ho liday wan yilt speake r) ".phi:im

'hn'l!JfI

378 English-Thai glossary

II ke ....., '"miatn khAeng island kin..
it
idea khwaam khlt lf11:
J
I..,"-.Mtlif ma n
"ill mil sabai: January
lliau1fJ ii"
joke, to
illegal pbit kOlmAi: Ju ly deuan mok.araa
(thorn)
~Mf}Q\!lJ,tJ June
Lfi'il'll l J 0 1 1f1lJ
immigration tamtila! trual just now
just one phOot len
police kbon khao just right l'j~l"lI

meulilug deUlID karakadaa
(khom)
fI""~~"1i1f1\J.
L!i1Ltla~ LilImln'if1(11f1lJ

import/export bawrisilt imphim1 demln milhunaa
(yon)
b usin ess cksap hliwf
LillI'lliil)'II1!I'U
imp urtant tJ'obl1nlJ'I'W'(II
io IUflKWiI'., ,.,p~rng
in fron t of
slimkha n din

"'"'u (iirn

. ,nai, tlK!e n"ptlaw dee

indiffere nt 1,. ~

inject, to nia
cMei ch6ci K
insect
",l,iU,,II1 key kunjae
imurance Khon Kaen
~. Q1l!I"
interested in mldaeng ki ll , to kh.iiwn kiten
kilogram
interesting UJIIH tlrn.lurlu
pra b n kilometre
intersection kind kbao
(offour \J1d;\l kitchen
Wilds) 'h
siS nj a i
in vite, to kiJohkram
..1,
(lo b, Iciloh)
nlla ~ nj lli i"il~, 1iln fl ~lJ
th l'lu1'Q
kilohmayt
se~ yack
nlilllJfl1
lruun
jai dee
t hem
1,.
,fi'1l
hll"'ng Ichrua

-Hfr.lfl'h

English- Thai glossary 379

....knee: light (in b...
nil weight )
m'a"w' p
know, 10 roo, roojak, siap like , to """manao:
lime
(formal) j, ~n, l1'm1 lime juice ).1: " 11
limit , to
L li q uo r n'lIrn manlln:
listen, to
lan guage phaasi'ia little a J1JJtUll
live, 10
large n"" lock, to jamkllt
lone ly
last yoi long 41/i"
long time. a
l a~t night 1"11i look at, to lio
look for, 10
late (nol on silt IMi: look like, to L1-1 lh
time) iffl'~htl loose (ang
lorry
late at night meua khcuhn lose ~,
lose, to
"W n' . lost, to ge l n!tooi, noi

,,,)' L~flil'iUli' il'l'I'l1.iOtl, 1ltltl

lealhe r sai:, chaa yo.

leave, 10 i'llfJ, ,jl .~
16k
leave a tawll deuk
deposit, to "a'U~n I.-

left (-hand kOtmai: 0111.0

,.,side) flfPt)JlfI 1M'"

lend , to . ,lehie kial y.o:
ii,nll~
lie, \0 te ll a oang ."

li g hl 3wIc n. .n

DB" ",.

waang ngcrn doo

ma tjam ~
bila
-n~11JiJ~ 'h
"'doo mh uon
sill:
fJ1"jjnu
,;",
l\J alll
khaa
'\1cmJ
tn
~ip hiw
hai ycuhru lItJ~tt

1"UlJ phue

koh-hOk ."

In"fl tham hAl:

rai ~"''IU

lri l6ng thall ng

'Mft ·nn ~

380 English-Thai glossary

Jot, a .,yer masseur/euse maw nua,
loud LHil =
love, to Ma y "'~ilU ljl
dang
luck "u~
, Ok
lun ch phreutsllphaa
'"chohk
(khorn)
I..
maybe lflau 'WfJ\l1l1flll
uhian kJaang ast ja
wan
mean, to Dl 'i1'i1::
illl1"flill~l\1
mlii: khwQlm wiia

m ellt lUll!lflllJ.rh
neua sat

l ~il i'ill~

M med icine yu

machine khri!uaug meet, to Ul
mee ting
u'lln<l jer, ph6p
m enu
make (no un ) yeehliw '~lfl, 'mJ
message prachum
tiltil message, to
tJ1::'J")J
......make a lake a
'ham phil metre IDllynoo
midday
mistake, to middl e IJ,n~
midnight
make an nA' mi lk noht

••appoin tment, tUg)
10 JOt nohr

male, man pbOochai: 0JfIMel

qtr1fJ mayt

ma nager phOo jat kaan """lhi~g (wan)
mango ~fl11
rtifJ>II ('ll.l)
mamiiang
kh.ang
JJ ::~b ~
na1:j
manual ..,.khoo meub thi~ng khcuhn
many ~i'lil
L'PIfJ~ih
March lai:
marke t d,~ no,.m.

meenaa(khom) minUl e ",.naathee
miss, to
LIiDl.Ij'J'Ll lIUJ khil (benng

.,,,.tilaal Atl"

married, to taeng nga-au miss, 10 tok rot
get, to be
U.oi>ll~1 'Ll (a bus, train) "n'D
massage mis ta k e
Duat khwaam phil

"1il flll lJt3fl

English-Thai glossary 381

,uam N
".mixed
mobile phone thohrasap mcuh name cheuh
narrow
theab near ~,
tl1,tII~liilil nEl nearly
necessary kbiep
model naug baep ••u
neck
moment 'IlHlllJU klii
ago, a neck lace
meua tee (nee) lm~
new keu8p
,d,rld
n e~ 10DU
M onday wanjm
newspaper jampen
i'll~'\l 't1, next ~h,~
next to
money "Kern nickname thaw
monk I~ night
monkey nine ••
'.... nobody
"" U: noise soi khaw
no isy
a,ling noodles mtlUflil
no rth.
month deUlID mai

mood L"ilU ·'bul
aarom
kbio:
more D1''UUlI
un
kwaa, eck
nangscuh phim
ni1, '1ln
l1'U>II!lfJ"JJfl
mosqui'o yunt
nia
~,
'MU1
mosqui t o yaa kan yung
repe llent lnf'i"~:j fit (Up)
~"f'i\J
most thee lOut
cheuh I~n
~~. ~mfl\j

mos t ly suan miak lawn klaang kheuhn
$lil"na~
moth e r dlUJJln
mmo rcycle .a..
••mac
uh
rot ma~1crSlli
mii mce kbrai
1fUJilLCliI,1'titl
lm!l.,
mountain doi, phookMo
siang
museum MDtl, "Jltn
LlIfN
ph(phil- Ihapllan
siang dllng
iIlilln/iru71
itnJfli~
music dontree
must kwuey flo
"",1
fhtnMtn
lawng
tin ~ neUIi

l'M iln

382 English-Thai glossary

not really mi i khOi only fae, thiomin, yaang
not yet
nothing Wfioo open, to be- dio, ayng
notify opi nion
November yang mii U.ti,lti,{lll,
~>3hj opium
.ow opportunity mh~lilfJ1, Ln>3
mii mee IU al opposite
number h jij!)t:h 0' .0..., j
nu rse o range
."ji eog .<.khwlUllD khit
mll.J~fIl""1l
deuao
fin
phre utsajikall
de
(yon)
IIl<lu wQl'l~nltlU o hkitat

lawn nec tUn1n

f1i11.1d trung khaam

ber, mai: l/iyk ",-ni11J

i\Ji)i, mJ1tlatl reub

pblllYlUlb aull .01,

."""" S<l m

0 orange s~e SClin
(colour)
occasion ,kbcing M.
October ""deuan tulan orcmge juice
, ."8am s.om
office (khom) order, to
often lii'il1.!"~1fI'" eliW
old (people) Ih ~ Iham ngallu ordinary
o ld (t hings) sang
0" ihiUlU other
o n time ~.
one hOi o utside
one-way th llD1-madaa
(ticke t) \inti owner
1I1UJi'1
aayn maa k, kile
e uhn
....f1Vp.nfl, un
uh Ie

bOD kh ianlol nawk:
th~'1Hm
"e
j io khi wng
lrong wayllill"
•l~11ID-I
"1~lal
P malakaw
n(!Ung
papaya ma::nll
"~. paper
parents kradAat
thio dio
fl1Unli
l~EJll"fn
phi w mae

riawl

English-Thai glossary 383

park (a car), j'wt piece chin

...10 ~

paTty ngaa n) i ang pineapple s i p-Pllro l
pink ~hnh:'f1
~l'1U~ H~ plane
plant, to see chompboD
pass, to phall D plate lIti~

ohu ~u.ng bin

pass an exam sawp dii: Ifl'iNrtu

itDtllti plook

passenger phoo dohisaan \I~"

crr~tJwn ....jlllln

passport phi llSaphawt

l'nmJai..

pay, to j iii: play, to len

~lil nill

pen paak.kaa police tamtuat

tnf1nl ,hnll

pepper .,"phn'k police station salbaance tammal

ai11\ltim~

person khon polite suphiillp riaproi
po", ~fI1fji'VtJ;mJ
pelrol AU
1''''' j on
Dam-man
post office ••
J'liiu
moo
pe trol station pMm mim-mllD
o~
nml1W
pruisa ncc
pharmacy flian kha i: yall
1\1,tii\I,
il\ltl1tJtll

phone, to Ih uh p rawn kung
prefer. to
1., present t)-o
pretty
phone, to thoh mall haa price chi wp miak kwa a
print. to
(incoming) l.,,'uJ1'1n probahly t!f1UlJlnnil

phone, to thoh pili haa khBwng khwau
tlfl~m'll
(outgoing) 1",1\1",
suey
photocopy, to thai: aykaslian
""raukhaa
nltl\Df1nl1
11f11
photograph roop thiii:
phim
'lUCilE!
"""khong, 1a.1Oa)
photograph, Ihli: roop

to take a cl"llllU

photographe r'~ raan t hm: roop

(shop) ;1\Irlltll U fhl'il::, D1'i1'i1::

picture ro up prohlem r a llh i:ia

1\1 ilru'Hl

384 En gJish-Thai glossary

p r o vin ce j U P'Bt request, to khAw
purple ~MifI
put a way, to reserve ...!Ill
put down, to see muang
rest, to jawng
'tuh., pbjkphAwn

wai Vin~[Iu

1l fC!!; tauran l rian aalabn
rnll1Mn
,...waang ret urn
klap
put on , to, ,ill
put in , to 00"
1.
thob klap
Q ngiap re t urn a call
ri ce l'tl'n~ \J
quiet '~!ru 'ri ce field Wo:

quit Ie'" in

,~o .ao

"rich ro'Y

.,R .."..",ride, to
;i
,."rain
right (-h.and khwAIl

read, to ilan nang~ub side) ' "wAeD
(, book) dT\,Il1U~1fO ring

re ceipl baJ set ripe U111'l1.
river
lU'fI;;J silk

receive, 10 rap ~o

;u mae mlam

wllh

recover, to .'"hAi: '~m hawDg
red
s« daeng round li(H
1<1••
klom

reduce, to 16t rubbish kh"a"y"a
re ligion run, to .'"
••
""i,ng
saatsaDl\a
1.
1'1''''-1'
reme mber. (0 jam

ren t "khiia chao 5 pl8wtphai
repair, to
..fhlh sa fe tI(J()MJitl

sawm salary nge rn deUlIU

" illAi'lau

English- Thai glossary 385

sales person phami" ngaQO thai: shoe shop nillD khlii: rawn g

"iifl41'LItrl£l shop tbaD
shopping
same m~ uan(kaD) shon (Of ....,; l'Utll!nn,uYi,

u'lilau(nu) people) ; 1 \1
shorl (of
Saturday wan sao scuh k h1i wng
say, to th ings)
school ''1mni short s ~t1tJtl"

bawk should tia
shoulde r
"on shower, to L~U
side street
rohns rian sign, to "'.
sign, nOlice
t a l J U'\.I silk fi"
silver
"" Ihaby :.im ila r hang kayog kMa
'tl n~ since
since re ,,,"
seafood aahiian tbaJay sing, to
singe r ...n1l,M1l'lnl
u ·nrn't1~ n sit, to
ti wng
seaside cbsl: thaJay
•
tfltl \'l:l.a
lill
season ."ni s
• 1't1a
seal (of a car) haw
u p n ~Dm
secretary II'" m\l\i.

IDykhaanukaan . ,sol
.",.
see, to la1J 1l4 n l 1
pai:
be"
11",
,~,
phila mili
sell , lo khAi: ~11l11J
send, to
separate, to ." ngem
Sep te m b e r ,~"
seven ~ong
sew, 16 khhii (khhii)
••
,b, fl!iltJ
yiek
shirl ",,0 li ng t~e
~ti
deuan kanyaa(yon)
jing ~ai
,.l~u'Uih.jtl1tl'll.
~'-II ~
jet riwog phlayug

yo. ;(H1Wil-ll

,I" nlik fliwn g

kin•• iini'a4

se,"uI"ia. niug
~-II
shoe rawng tMo
' 04';,

386 English-Thai glossarv

sitting room hihmg rap sometime s baang khranl
son
khack song """I,
soon
'ti'il-nWtm sorry look chal:
sort
six hok sour ~mt1fJ
south
"n speak phlayng
special
size khanaat sp e nd ~V1,N
spicy
"",. spoon dl.
sport
'N.~kiUed worker chiang Spouse 1~lll
square sla jai
skin phiu stadium
ib staff ,1m1.
station
...skirt kraprohng baep
n,.::lth~ sta ,
sky """prio
,11 steal, to
ItA1l 1
sleep, to Rawn lap
\lil\ll'l~\J tii

slee py ngfiang (nawn) 1.

-l"NlIlJ U ph o o t

sleeve .""khaco ~.
s low(l y)
chaa phlsiroyl

",.nsmall lek fI'ffl1

• jill:

m'.smell bad, to .111
11U•IU
pbet
sIDell good. hawm
'~f1
10 .."'"!lOOp
~" cluiwn
smo ke, 10 ~
ti'iJU
snak e
n.,keclaa
snow !
rK..n..
hima
see flam
~bl::
~,";i,,"
,od thung thao
sanliam keeloM
Q*';l
~ofa sohfaa m.n1JnWl

1.m1 phanak IIguun

s old ie r ,haMlin 'Wilfl~l\J
someth ing
.".... sl lhaa nee

!l1~ g ;;frntl

~, yoo, phsk

ati. wn

khilmohi

'2ILlJtI

EngJish-Thai glossary 387

steamed neung s u nshin e diet

still d, suntan lotion Ufltl

stingy yang Idueem kan

stom ach "kbee Din daet
tllllilfll
stop, to fl~JJflUUflfl
thliwng, kripMlw
storm ';rH, n'j:IW1~ sure nae (jai)
u;u1'il
stove yut
suspect, to sOngsai
straight "'I"
ahead a~all
pllaayu
strauge s we e t wann
'.0,'.",I
stree t swim. to "TN
tron~ pai
stro ng wai: nbm
1II'j'>l tI
stuck. to get iltrti,
plack
student (a\ s wimnling sa wai:
college , U.tI~fI miam
un ive rsity) pool ;;f,:ilmh
tJllut6n
student (al swimsuit chuf wiii:
school) •••
miam
study, \0 II.haeng raeng
Uii.,U'H lfMlltnh
su bj ect
lit T
sugar
~. T-junctioll sliam 'yaek
suit
mik seuksaa ~m.aJ. un
sunburn
Yn~mfl T -sh ir t se~a yeuht
Sunday table
mik rian la ke. to t.l~iJtlWI
s un g lasses iifll.~fl\l
riI.,
rian (n.ll.Dgseub)
rap, DO
1~tN('Hij-lj~a)
~u, lill tI
wlchaa
take orr thiaw1
'"mim faan •••clothes, to
J 'WIl{! take someone, phaa, silng

ehul saakOD 10 yn, ,,~

11f1~ ln<'l take time, to cbai waylaa

pbiu mai 1timn
~h11'1~
talk , to thui
wan aal hi!
~,
'huniitllv
tall sOong
wien kilo dael
taSte, to ~,
"lufi'UUMl
chi,"

~"

388 Englis h-Thai glossary

tattoo ,A. Ihat o ver nohn
there
fin (adjecti ve) luy

(lu i ro t Ihac ks&! thal over oohn

'ulILilmi (here l u'U
(pro noun)
lea t:h aa the re Ware m oo
~
teach, to "sA wn they
khao
teacher aD"

kh rol)

("",001) "1 101

LeHchcr aaj awl thick naa
".,
(university) t)1lj"~

teleph o n e thohtllsap t h ie f khamuhi

l",~." thin (people) tllJJtl
telephone. to thoh thin (things) phawm

1., 00.
baang
te lephone sll:
li n e thing \fN
."
telephone th ink, to yillmr:,
number be r tho hra~.p Ihirsry kh3wog

'\luit" , MtlYl rnht U'lN

te U, to bawk khit

von ~.

temple ...wlit hiu nb m

le n O. ih,h

~u I"'" n"

ten tho usa nd meuhn d( adj e ctive),
tell/illt
terrible ."~" these

phon chin Ihis (pronoun), n ~

, these il

~., this morning meua chao
,~ath
"..;

Thai thai th ousa nd phan
three
1", .,.;;u

T h ai la nd me uallg thai saam

Liln~l'l'lu

thank you kh Bwpkhun throat kh.w
en
tb,ll ....t/DUijN throw away,
(udjcctivc) th!0g
, 10
that ii,
(pronoun ) ml",l"l Thursday
"" WUII phareuhal

1\1wq"''''

English-Th ai glossary 389

.,ticke t ru,. travellen.' chell; de Jn thaang
cheque 1~fl.lrtlm.I
ri.proi
tree loamlii
lijllmafl
lidy tria ngle. tiu1,;
triangula r
....tight siam 8am
Ott trousers ifla\1~llJJ

time waylaa lrue hang kayoS
tired
today " in try, to (Le. fl"NlfN
neue) test OUI)
."j il'l&
l'Hiloo Tuesday
lawn g
waD nee turn
00'
i u;l IwO wan angkhollD

together dfiey kaD ~\.Io·nrn
Ii.
ti1 Dnu
L~tl1
together wi th phrawlII
."sawng
-wi'mJ

toi let ha,:m't rniam

l'lilnl1

tomo rrow phriing nee U

100 "";-N unb e li e v a ble mi l nia cheuM
under
(excess ive ) kern pai unde rst and, llhi~ilD
toot h
.~"11J 10 ti i
10m
',n une mployed 1,;
unhappy
kh.".u"..t university kh»o jai
touch, lo j ap until
to urist upstairs li11q
."
urgent wboll ngaan
oilk thawog thio use, to
hu1t4
iifl~ tHl~tn
mii sabal: j ai
town meuaog 1~au1lJ1q

lilil ~ m 6 h i awit. t ha ya alai

loy khawog len lJ'H" 'ttfJ1f:itl
jo~
tlil~i'i'l.l
'"chan bon. khaaog
traffic light fai daeng
ll'l ll.tl~ bon

train rot faj ~Ul.I tirrull
tra nslate, to
,,1. dWon

.Ii.plae .'",,;<hal
travel. to dern Ihsang

L~'Inn~

390 English-Thai glossary

used to, chin washing khreuang sltk pha8
10 get machine
~" LfI'n~ijmi1
useful
m« pr3yoh1 watch, to doo
usually
Ilth,l""" ~
wa lch, clock RBlllikaa
pOk-kli ll
'Ulf4m
~nil
water m","
V
.",'...water buffalo khwai:
vege rable(s) ph a!;;
wa te rfall namlbk
vegetarian ~n watcnnclon
way ~"'"
rood aahb a jay we
ataen moh
very 0"M1'Wil Utl~ J,J

view m l i s !;; .hallin g

vi l l age "'n "H

V;~ wlu r ioo

1, wear, to p'i"
weat her
..moo bian 1.

,..,"'!'J'" aakAat

wrtsiia

visit hlo wedding InmA'
Wednesday
"' week ngaan taeng ngaan
we ight
W '". "'~utl",rn.t

wait, to "ph6mik "gauD se rp wan phut
waiter
'l'fUn,m.lLtlivl 'hi",
(waitress)
wake up It uhn !lathi!
walk, to iI1~tlV
wallet ~"
want, to "alllnak
'e,Am"
wash, to ,h,.,iin
kralJao SJltaang
we" sabal: (dee)
n':l'Ihn~n",~
well- iMI/(lI)
y/took, IHwngkaan mannered
ri"pro!
(fo rmal) Western,
Westerner "tI\J;()!J
i1tnn, li'iJ.ml"j fitrirong
wet
laaor:, sak tJ ~",
whal
(clo the~), sit (hair) piak

!i'N, fin, i'I'~ ,UItft

....,1),

what kind'! bac p nlii

uuul..,'\j

Eng/ish- Thai glossary 391

what time k~e mohng work ogaMD
is it?
nl., work, to .m\I""tham ogaan
what's it
like? pen yllng-ngai world mhk

tb(iNaiin4~.ru-w worry, to l_n

what's the pen IInli? wrist pe n hilling
matter? L{h,nh~
LUuiltl, write, to
when kb"'" meuh
mcuari i, meua wrong
.vailE!
L~rll'wi, I~!l y
thian
where (thee) nai, trOD! " AI y"'"
which yellow .fit,"
(fi)l",u, ",.,1""
yesterday phlc
nAi
you 110
which 1""
(relati ve young .'U"
thee
young see ~uang
~ woman
"'t1~il'"
pronoun) ke kbao: younger
white 'litm brother mcua waan nee

who khrai younger 1Jj"",~
pe=n
1., ..khun
younge r ~
who (relative thee sister
aayu noi
-pronoun) fl Z
ze ro U1f(U(J1J
.,1.why Iham-mai
"'0 do:
wide kwillol
."
Ol"N
nawng chai:
wife phllnrayaa
~£I-n11fl
m'tJl
nawn,
will j.
,;'"
"";n chana
.""_.wind " ' ''1Ig sao:
10m U()-,lm
...with
flU ""'.
fJ~ir
woman phi'ioying sU8n siot

wood ~m1! ~ f41'\jii~1
word
mai

".,'kham

Index

ability: dii: 4 countries and regions, vocabulary
ability: pen " relating to 6
add resse.~ 7
adjectives , currency and prices 3
adjectives of nationality 6
adverbs 7 diU: cJlpressing ability and
affirma ti ve se niem;:es 1 possibility 4
age 6
animals, vocabulary rei"ting to 12 dates 12
aoother 4 days of the week 10
apologisi ng 2, 15 dee, use of 4
appointments, vocabulary
de monstrative pronoun nee 5
relat ing to 10
asking how muclJ in a nandemo nstratives and lu'ihn 7

restaurant 8 describing people, vocabulary
as king pennission 11 relating to 6
asking the way 2
describing things, voca bulary
ba rgaining 4, 8 relating to 11
bSang, use of 1
borrow and lend 10 desirability 8
bring and la ke 10 dishes, vocabulary relati ng LO I
broken 11 distances 2
doubling of adverbs and adjectivcs 7
classi fiers 8 drinks, vocabulary rclating to 1
classifiers: an 4 duey, usc of 3, 5

classifiers: khon 6 early and late 15
clauses wit h thee 15 edUcation, vocabulary reh:lli ng
clothe&, vocllbulary re la ting to 11
colours 4 to 12
comparing things 10 eeL: ('more', 'again') 4, 5
conditional sentences wit h thia 13 eno ugh 4
confirmation ques tions 2 e nvironment, vocabulary relaling
contacting someone 5
to 12

family , vocabulary relating to 6, 9
fee lings, vocabulary relating to 5
first and last 12
food, vocabulary relating to 8

Index 393

frequen cy \} mil pen ral, use or I
fruit and juices, vocabulary
millk, use of 1
relating to 4
future time e xpressions 5 massage, vocabulary relating 10 13
meals and food 8
giving directions "I months 12
go up, go down 12 morning, afternoon and oight 7
greetings 1
names 2
bai, use of 8 numes used to refer to someone 5
half 4 nearly 4
hiring a vehicle, vOCl\bulary necessity 8
negative sentences 1
relating La 8 numbers 2
bot and cold 1
house and ho me, vocabulary occupations a nd places of work,
voca bulary re lating to 6
rc lating to 5, 9
how long, ways of e xpressing 5 official dea lings, voca bulary
bow to sa)' thi ngs in Thai 13 relating to 13

i11nesscs an d medicines, vocabulary only, ways or translating t3
relating to 10
ordering dishes: thee S
in tc rnational lrave l, vocabulary
rela ting to 10 pal thio aod pai tblarD 3
particle ki) 5
j8 indicating fulllre time :3 passive C()n~tructions 15
jai dee, use o f 1 past lime I I
jai yen and jai niwn 7 past lime ex pressions 5
joining verbs 3 past lime with maa and pai 12
past time: asking how long 12
kamlung '" yoo (action in ,",,0 (' to he') 6
people's character and behavio ur,
progress) 11
kheuh ('to be') 13 vocabulary relating to 9
khoei ('ever', 'used 10') 12 periods of time 3
khrAp and kha, use o f 1
kind of (j personal prono uns 1
know something 14 phcmg ('just') 12
knowledge uf languages, ways uf phrAw (wia), usc of 10
places about la wn, voca bulary
talking about 5
k6 as a linking particle 5 relating to 2
k6 dii:, use of 10 places 10 go, vocabulary relating
kwaa used in comparisons 3
to 3
Jfico, use of 4 places yll u visit, voca bulary relating
leisure activities, vOClibulary relating
to 7
to 3, 9 polite particles 1
loei, lise of 12 polite title k.hu n 2
pos~illn and relatio nshi ps 5
possibility and certainty 12

,394 IndaM

I prefix nia, use uf 5 similari ty. ways o f expressing 10
prefixes 9
Ii II I prepositions aD d adverhia Js of special and ordinary, ways o f
I expressing 8
place 8, 11
~,II putting and taking -11 sUJkrlativcs 10

I quantities 4, 6 talawt, use o f 10
question words wi th mai ting tae ('since') 12
I telephoning 14
and mii 7 telling someone not 10 do
I ques tion!)' with arlli 3
~. questions witb kce 3 something 8
q uestions with khrai 2 telli ng someone what 10 do 7
II questions with mewtr41 3 telling the time 9
questions with TeU yang S tham h5i, use of 9
que~tions witb reu plao 8 thanking someone 1
quesli()n~ with tham -mlll 6 there is, there arc 2
questions with thinrw 4 thuk ('every') 7
questions with thee nli 2 time phrases with m ~ ua 7
questions with yang-ngai 3 too and too much 11
tran~port , vocabulary relating ttl 3
referring to things 7 travelling by bus and luin,
relative clauSes with thee 7
religion aDd customs, voca bulary vocabulary relating to 11

rela ting 10 13 uncoun table nouns 4
renl ing a holJ.-.e, vllcahulary relating units of measureme nt 4

to' vehicles in town. vocahulary
relating 10 7
reporting speech 14
req uests 13 verb strings 12
requests with chuey 14
requests with kb1iw 5, IS want to know 14
wan ts 7
sanilk. use of I washing, words {or 10
seasons 7 weather, lICK:abulary re lati ng 10 7
sequence of evcllts II when, ways or eKprcssing 12
where: something or someone is 2
~I , us~ of 5 word ord er 1, 5, 8
shops and purchases, vocabulary
yang, URe of 5
rel ating to 4
shori answers 1 yeslno qu estio ns with myi 1
short answers with mM I. yuo, indicating an act ion in
signs forbidding something 13
progress 11
~igns with requests n

'\