FORMULA SPM KSSM

Rumus-rumus berikut boleh membantu anda untuk menjawab soalan. Simbol-simbol yang
diberi adalah yang biasa digunakan.

The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the
ones commonly used.

1 am  an  amn 14 TeoremPithagoras/Pythagoras
2 am  an  amn
Theorem c2  a2  b2

15 P(A)  n( A)
n(S )

3 (am )n  amn 16 P(A') 1 P(A)

4 A1  1  d b  17 m  y2  y1
  c  x2  x1
ad bc  a 

5 Jarak / Distance = (x2  x1)2  ( y2  y1)2 18 m   pintasan-y
pintasan-x

m   y-intercept
x-intercept

Titik Tengah / midpoint 19 Faedah mudah / Simple interest, I
=Prt
6 (x, y)   x1  x2 , y1  y2 
 2 2 

jarak yang dilalui 20 Nilai matang / Maturity value
Purata laju = MV  P1  r nt
7 masa yang diambil  n
Average speed = distance travelled

time taken

hasil tambah nilai data 21 Jumlah bayaran balik / Total amount
payable
Min = A = P + Prt

bilangan data
8 sum of data

Mean =
number of data

9 Min = hasil tambah (nilai titik tengah kelas × kekerapan)

hasil tambah kekerapan

Mean  sum of (midpo int  frequency)
sum of frequencies

10 Varians / Variance,  2  (x  x)2  x2  x2

NN

11 Varians / Variance, 2  f (x  x) 2  fx 2  2
f f
x

12 Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation,   (x  x)2  x2  x2
NN

13 Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation,   f (x  x)2  fx 2  2

f f x

BENTUK DAN RUANG
SHAPES AND SPACE

1 Luas trapezium = 1  hasil tambah dua sisi selari  tinggi
2

Area of trapezium = 1  sum of parallel sides  height
2

2 Lilitan bulatan = d = 2j 3 Luas bulatan = j 2
Circumference of circle = d = 2r Area of circle = r 2

4 Luas permukaan melengkung silinder = 2jt 5 Luas permukaan sfera = 4j 2
Curved surface area of cylinder = 2rh Surface area of sphere = 4r 2

6 Isipadu prisma tegak = Luas keratan rentas  panjang
Volume of right prism = cross sectional area  length

7 Isipadu silinder =  j 2 t 8 Isipadu kon = 1 π j2t
Volume of cylinder =  r 2 h 3

9 Isipadu sfera = 4 π j3 Volume of cone = 1 π r2h
3 3

Volume of sphere = 4 π r3
3

10 Isipadu piramid tegak = 1  luas tapak  tinggi
3

Volume of right pyramid = 1  base area  height
3

11 Hasil tambah sudut pedalaman poligon = (n – 2)  180o
Sum of interior angles of a polygon = (n – 2)  180o

12 panjang lengkok  sudut pusat
lilitan bulatan 360o

arc length  angle subtended at centre

circumference of circle 360

13 luas sektor = sudut pusat
luas bulatan 360o

area of sector  angle subtended at centre
area of circle 360

14 Faktor skala, k  PA' 15 Luas imej = k2  luas objek
PA Area of image = k2  area of object

Scale factor, k  PA'
PA