2.2 Task Based Approach TBA emphasizes learning language through doing, focusing on meaningful tasks rather than explicit teaching of linguistic forms. The lesson plan involves students in a series of tasks leading to a final project or output such as writing an article about how pasta is made in the lesson plan activity (Sanchez, 2004). Activities include matching pictures to stages of pasta making, completing sentences using passive voice, and writing articles, which cultivate skills in analyzing, collaborating, and applying language in practical contexts. This approach promotes engagement through real-life relevance, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. PRE TASK
TASK POST -TASK
2.3 Presentation, Practice and Production PPP is a traditional, structured approach dividing the lesson into three phases: presentation of a new language, controlled practice, and free production. In the PPP lesson plan, new vocabulary and grammar are introduced through storytelling and multimedia, followed by practice activities like worksheet completion and comic strip creation. The production stage allows students to apply learned language creatively in writing exercises. This method offers a clear, step-by-step learning path, which can be reassuring and effective for learners needing structure and gradual progression. PRESENTATION
PRACTICE PRODUCTION
2.4 Teach, Test and Teach TTT focuses on identifying learning gaps, teaching based on these gaps, and testing to assess improvement. The lesson plan begins with an assessment (test) of students' knowledge of comparative adjectives, followed by teaching addressing the identified needs and a post-test to measure learning outcomes (Canale & Swain, 1980). Activities include reading, answering comprehension questions, and applying comparative adjectives in sentences. This adaptive approach ensures that teaching is directly relevant to the student's current learning state, fostering a tailored educational experience. TEACH
TEST TEACH
2.5 Engage, Study and Activate ESA aims to motivate (Engage), present and practice new language (Study), and encourage the use of language in creative or communicative activities (Activate). The lesson plan incorporates engaging activities like "Broken Telephone," studying through flashcard comparisons and textbook exercises and activating knowledge through creative sentence construction and games. This cyclical approach allows for flexibility and variation in teaching, catering to different learning styles and keeping students motivated and involved (Tymoshchuk, 2019).
3.0 Conclusion Comparing the teaching and learning activities across CBL, TBA, PPP, TTT, and ESA lesson plans highlights the diversity in pedagogical approaches to language teaching. Each method offers unique benefits, whether through content integration, task engagement, structured progression, adaptivity to learner needs, or a balance of motivation, study, and activation. The choice of framework depends on the learning objectives, the learners' profiles, and the educational context, underscoring the importance of selecting the most appropriate method to enhance learning outcomes effectively.
References
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