Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 1 Lab Sheet 4: Process Modelling and Process Description Instructors: Dr. Cik Feresa Binti Mohd Foozy Duration: 4 hours (2 weeks) Reference: i. Lecture Note ii. Systems Analysis and Design, 7th Edition Asia Edition by Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, Roberta M. Roth. Publisher: Wiley. Link: https://www.wiley.com/enmy/Systems+Analysis+and+Design%2C+7th+Edition+Asia+Edition-p9781119585886 iii. Systems Analysis & Design, 10th Edition by Kendal & Kendall. Publisher: Pearson Education iv. Analisis dan Reka Bentuk Sistem Menggunakan Bahasa Pemodelan Bersepadu (UML) dan Gambar Rajah Aliran Data (DFD), Rosziati Ibrahim, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, https://shopee.com.my/product/147207066/3468800114?smtt=0.147208890- 1607606745.3 Instructions: This lab sheet consists of two sections: Section 1 (WEEK 6): 1. Must be done during lab session. 2. Submit a softcopy report in pdf format to the Author. Submit 4 diagrams as pdf file(s) via author: a. Context Diagram (Figure 2) b. DFD 0 (Figure 3) c. DFD 1 (Process 1.0) (Figure 4) d. DFD 1 (Process 2.0) (Figure 5) 3. Please adhere to the instructor's RULES and the DUE DATE for submission. Section 2 (WEEK 7): 1. Report must be done individually. 2. Submit a softcopy report in pdf format to the Author. 3. Please adhere to the instructor's RULES and the DUE DATE for submission CONTENTS OVERVIEW OF LABSHEET 4 1 2 1.1 2 1.1.1 Steps to use draw.io 2 1.2 4 1.2.1 Step 1: Build the context diagram 5 1.2.1.1 6 /25
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 2 1.2.2 Step 2: Identify all major processes encompassed by the Context Diagram 6 1.2.3 Step 3: Create DFD “fragments” for each event / use case 7 2 13 This lab sheet is divided into two (2) main sections. Section A A guide to build a DFD. The guide will be driven by a case study. Section B List of questions. 1 Section A: Draw DFD This section is divided into two main subsections. Section 1.1 Steps to use drawing tool Section 1.2 Steps in building DFDs 1.1 Steps to use drawing tool The steps in this section work with draw.io. Students can also use other online tools such as: (i) Visual Paradigm https://online.visual-paradigm.com/ (ii) Lucidchart https://www.lucidchart.com/ 1.1.1 Steps to use draw.io 1. Open https://www.diagrams.net/. Choose “Start”. 2. The software will ask where you want to save your diagrams. You are encouraged to save at your google drive or your own device. 3. Choose “Create New Diagram” 4. Choose “Basic (9)” at left side option. Double Click on “Blank Diagram”.
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 3 5. Choose “General” at left side. Choose Rectangle notation ( ), drag and drop it into right layout. Double click at the rectangle and type “External Entity”. 6. Now, are the steps to create a process i. Choose Rounded rectangle notation ( ). ii. Click on Line notation ( ), and draw at the Rounded Rectangle. iii. Click Text notation, and type “Process Number”. iv. Click Text notation and type “Process Name”. v. The process will be as follows
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 4 7. Type “data store” at search field and press Enter. Choose the data store notation. Add text “D1” to the data store. 8. Drag the External Entity, Process and Data store at right layout to “Scratchpad”. 1.2 Steps in Building DFDs 1. This section will help students build a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for a case study guided by the steps outlined in Chapter 4. 2. As outlined in Chapter 3, the analysis phase has three primary goals. They are:
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 5 a. Understand the “As-Is” system b. Identify Improvements c. Develop the “To-Be” system concept 3. This guide is based on the assumption that both goals 1 and 2 have been achieved. 4. The next steps will be guided by a case study related to the proposal for a leave application system for SMK Tun Ismail. 5. The brief overview of the “As-Is” system and system improvement is presented in Figure 1. At SMK Tun Ismail, teachers may request various types of leave, such as regular sick leave, special rest leave and maternity leave. Each of these types of holidays includes three parts: teachers, principals and administrative staff. A teacher is required to fill out a paper leave request form at the SMK Tun Ismail Administration Office. Once the form is filled out, it will be sent to administrative staff for approval by the principal. Upon approval, administrative staff will record the balance of the teacher's leave in a logbook. This current process raises certain problems. There will be a delay in submitting the leave request form to the Administration Office. Then it's going to be a last-minute request for leave. It is probable that last minute applications will not be approved by the principal. As well, there is a high probability that the leave balance will be miscalculated. Moreover, the principal had difficulty approving the application because there are a lot of application forms that need to be approved where they're not in the right place. An application form is very likely to drop out for approval. In addition, school principals are also experiencing difficulties to approve a leave application due to the need to check the school calendar in advance to ensure that the date is allowed for the holiday. As a result, an on-line leave application system (SPCG) is being developed. This system made it easier for teachers to request leave without having to collect the application form from the Administration Office. Moreover, the principal is not required to check the forms one by one and there will be less chance of missing the application forms. It is also easier for the principal to approve leave requests without first checking the school schedule. Figure 1: Overview of a case study 6. DFDs assist the System Analyst in representing “To-Be” system business process works. 7. There are three main steps in building DFDs. They are: Step 1 Build the context diagram Step 2 i. Identify all major processes encompassed by the Context Diagram Step 3 ii. Create DFD “fragments” for each event / use case 1.2.1 Step 1: Build the context diagram 2. Identify the external entities Referring to Figure 1, External Entities for the leave application system for SMK Tun Ismail are:
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 6 1. Teachers 2. Principals 3. Administrative Staff 1.2 Identify the major inflows they supply and the outflows they receive. Referring to Figure 1, dataflows for the leave application system for SMK Tun Ismail are: Major inflows 1. Users’ User id and password to logon into system 2. application information (name, staff number, date, duration, reason) 3. new teachers’ information 4. Principal’s decision (approve or rejected) Major Outflows 1. approval status and email notification to applicants (teachers) whether their application approved or rejected 2. list of application to be approved are listed once principal login into system 3. email notification to principal to notify there are new application to be approved 4. leave balance 5. leave report 1.2.1.1 Draw SMK Tun Ismail Online Leave Application System (SPCG) 1. Draw a DFD Context Diagram (DFD CD) as follows. i. Choose the process from Scratchpad and rename its process name and process number. ii. Choose the external entity from Scratchpad and rename it. iii. After complete draw the DFD CD, you can File>Export as>JPEG (or other formats) Figure 2: DFD CD SPCG
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 7 2. Please be noted that the external entities and major inflows and outflows (identified in Step 1.1 and 1.2) are included in the SPCG DFD CD. 1.2.2 Step 2: Identify all major processes encompassed by the Context Diagram 1. Each major event / use case is “handled” by a process 2. “Process 0: SMK Tun Ismail Online Leave Application System (SPCG)” in the Context Diagram in Figure 2 is decomposes into Level 0 diagram (DFD 0). 3. Draw the DFD 0 SPCG as shown in Figure 3. i. Drag all the data flows in DFD CD SPCG into scratchpad to ease drawing DFD 0. ii. Process 0: SMK Tun Ismail Online Leave Application System (SPCG) are decomposed into 5 main processes.
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 8 Figure 3: DFD Level 0 SPCG
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 9
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 10 1.2.3 Step 3: Create DFD “fragments” for each event / use case 1. Each DFD fragment is a mini-diagram showing the process and the external entities and data stores with which it interacts. 2. IMPORTANT NOTE: Level 1 diagram is created for every major process on the level 0 diagram. It means that, referring to DFD 0 SPCG in Figure 3, there are maximum 5 level 1 diagrams are created. 3. In this lab sheet, DFD will be created until level 1 diagram only. 4. For the purpose of this lab sheet, only two (2) Level 1 diagrams are created. Process in DFD Level 0 (DFD 0) DFD Level 1 Diagram (DFD 1) 1.0 Login Refer Figure 4: DFD 1 for Process 1.0 2.0 Register Teacher’s Information Refer Figure 5: DFD 1 for Process 2.0 3.0 Apply for a Leave Not provided in this lab sheet 4.0 Approve Leave Application 5.0 Generate Report 5. Referring to Process 1.0 in Figure 3, draw DFD 1 for the process 1.0. Process 1.0 in DFD 0
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 11 Figure 4: DFD 1 (process 1.0) 6. Referring to Process 2.0, in Figure 3, draw DFD 1 for the process 2.0. Process 2.0 in DFD 0
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 12 Figure 5: DFD 1 (process 2.0)
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 13 2 Section B: List of Questions (25 marks) 1. Answer (a) and (b) based on the case study in Figure 6. (a) Draw a Context Diagram. (5 marks) (b) Draw Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 from the viewpoint of Hospital Management System. (10 marks) Hospital is an essential part of our lives, providing the best medical facilities to people suffering from various illnesses, which may be due to change in climatic conditions, increased workload, emotional trauma stress and others. It is necessary for the hospitals to keep track of their day-to-day activities and records of its patients, doctors, nurses, ward boys and other staff personals that keep the hospital running smoothly and successfully. An automated system, named as “Hospital Management System” is planned to be developed to replace a manual system. The project “Hospital management system” is aimed to maintain the day-today state of admission/discharge of patients, list of doctors, reports generation, and others. It is designed to achieve the following objectives: 1 To computerize all details regarding patient details and hospital details. The details of the new patient are entered by Hospital Registrar Officer using web platform. He cannot alter the medication and treatment input by the Doctor. The nurse will update day to day task delivered to the patients. 2 Scheduling the appointment of a patient with doctors to make it convenient for both. The appointments are set by the Hospital Registrar Officer. 3 Scheduling the services of specialized doctors and emergency properly so that facilities provided by the hospital are fully utilized in an effective and efficient manner. The availability of the specialized doctors and the facilities are also managed by the Hospital Registrar Officer. 4 Pharmacists should deliver medicines to the patients based on prescriptions by the Doctor. If the Doctor issues medicines to patients, it should reduce the stock status of the medical store and vice-versa. The stock status is really important to Pharmacists.
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology BIC21003 |System Analysis and Design Semester II, 2022/2023 14 5 It should be able to handle the test reports of patients conducted in the pathology lab of the hospital. The report will be printed by the Lab Staff and given to the Nurse at the ward. 6 The information of the patients should be kept up to date and their record should be kept in the system for historical purposes. 7 Ease for Information Technology personnel to manage the processing and storage of the system. Figure 6: Case study of HMS 2. Create a decision table for a scenario in Figure 7. (10 marks) An order will be accepted only if the product is in stock and the customer’s credit is OK. If both conditions are met, the order is accepted. Otherwise, the order is rejected. Then, the company decides that the credit manager can waive the customer’s credit requirement. Figure 7: Decision on ORDER