malaysia history

SSF 1033 Malaysian
Social History

Lecturer : Dr.Daniel Ugih Anak Echoh

Group member

Sharina
Jasnita
Aina
Gloria
Douglas
Bong Qian Ye

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic 1: Introduction: Topic 2: The Uses of
What is history? History

Topic 3: Belief or Topic 4: Official History
Interpretation and The Missing History

Topic 5: Prehistory of Topic 6: Ancient History
the Malay Archipelago of Malay Archipelago

Table of Contents

TOPIC 1: INTODUCTION
AND WHAT IS HISTORY

Introduction
Malaysia is a country within many interesting history and impact
upon the lives of ordinary people occurred from pre-history to
the present. In this booklet, we would explain how to use key
social history concepts to explain social and history phenomena
in Malaysia.




Introduction

WHAT IS HISTORY:

History is study of the past. In the words of R.G.
Collingwood, history is the past as created in present.
History also encompasses politics, economy, scientific,
technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and
military changes. History also study of the people, actions,
decisions, interactions and behaviours. For example, we
can study the action and behaviours by Tunku Abdul
Rahman, the first prime minister of Malaysia in our Malaysia
history. Expert historians usually specialize in the fact of

history.

History within Social Science

The fields of study social science have many such as
anthropology, sociology, politics, economics,

psychology and also philosophy.In social science,
history is a methodological approach that serve as

background and analytic tool.

History VS Historiography

History Historiography

refers to the professional
the study of the past historian write the history

research to the history writing but with perspective/a
view/an opinion/ an
and make conclusion
interpretation

For example, everything For example, who write
happen in Malaysia are the everything in Malaysia

history are historiography

History and Evidence

We know that each history need an
evidence to prove that this history is
really happen but it's does not mean that
the history without the evidence did not
happen, its just hard for us to understand
and study it. The types of evidence have
written word, oral story, bones, artifacts,

cave art and buried settlements.

For example the case that happen in
1979 between the dispute of Malaysia
and Singapore wants to take the "Pulau
Batu Puteh", this really a history that
happen in Malaysia and picture also

show this news has post on the
newspaper. So the case dispute of
Malaysia and Singapura about taking

the "Pulau Batu Puteh" can be a
history because have the evidence to

prove this was a history.

History and Actors

History need a people, specific places and at particular
times.
Involved to any people, men and woman; old and young;
sick and healthy.
Involved individual, groups, whole society.

history such as puzzle or mosaic because we only know a
little bit.

For example the National Malaysia Day history, the actors is
Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first prime minister in Malaysia, the
spesific places is at Stadium Merdeka and the dates is 31st
August 1957.

Topic 4: Official vs Missing History
of Malaysia

Official History

History: “any event”, person or artifact
that provides evidence of Malay or

Malaysian achievement and progress



1. Pre-History Messages Discovery of human
bones about 40 000
Evidence of ancient human years old in the Batu
occupation around 40,000 BCE
Niah Cave



a) Human bones in Niah Caves and
The Terengganu
stone tools in Perak and Sabah Inscription Stone,
(Palaeolithic period)
written in year
b) Bronze Age exhibits of pottery, 1303 CE
stone objects and bronze drums:


advanced settlements and
developing culture (Neolithic

period)
c) Terengganu Stone Inscription
proved the presence of Islam on the

Malaysia Peninsula

2.Colonial a) Portugese Control of
Story Malacca (1511-1642)


b) Dutch Control of
Malacca (1642-mid
1700s)



c) British Era (1786-1941)
Foreign powers in

Sarawak: Rajah Brooke’s
colonization (1841-1941)




Dutch colonization in Malaya
during 1642 until mid 1700s




James Brooke: The first White
Rajah of Sarawak

3. Why the Need a) Ethnic Riots of May 1969:
for an Official Efforts to devise a national
History?

ideology of unity



b) Malaysian history based on
colonial foundations


c) Reflects “governing

arrangement” of communal
political parties in the Alliance

Coalition in 1950s which
focused on the sharing of

power



Ethnic Riots of May
1969

MISSING HISTORY

1. The struggle for a new country was
more inclusive and saw the

involvement of Chinese, Indians, Rich,
Poor, left-wing and conservative
elements

2. Does Sabah and Sarawak willingly
want to form Malaysia? Or they were
forced into forming a new country?




Rosli Dhoby the Cobbold Commission
Forgotten Warrior

Topic 5: PREHISTORY OF THE
MALAY ARCHIPELAGO

1.ARCGEOLOGY AS A HISTORY

Connecting Archaeology and History

Both history and archaeology investigate ancient people and objects.
Historians, in particular, analyse historical records and artefacts to
develop a public perspective of the past.

History and archaeology are distinc
t in that they approach artefacts from
different angles. Archaeologists are more concerned with physical
evidence (artifacts), whereas historians rely more on documentary
evidence.
Every day, archaeology sites are discovered all over the world,

providingnewinsights into the past. After being analyzed, the artefacts
discovered by archaeologists are sent to museums around the world to

share the past with their visitors



Neolithic artefacts
discovered at an open
site at Jenderam Hilir,

Selangor

2. ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATIONAL HISTORY/IDENTITY

The important study of history
To devise a national ideology of unity

Awareness of our ancestry
Generate a sense of national identity

- create a common history for a
shared national memory






The Bujang Valley
civilisation has an older
archaeological heritage
than Cambodia’s Angkor

Wat.

ARCHAEOLOGY & NATIONALISM: EXAMPLE
• out-of-malaysia theory for modern humans'

development
• "the discovery of evidence (stone hand-axe) at
bukit bunuh dated at more than 1.83 million years

could propose a new theory to substitute the
present theory (the out-of-africa theory)" mokhtar

saidin (2012)
• message: malaysia as the origin of modern huma

3. THE AUSTRONESIAN EXPANSION DEBATE




The enormous migration of Austronesian-speaking
peoples thousands of years ago continues to have an
impact on modern Indo-Pacific countries and beyond.



A large exodus prompted by population expansion

launched from the coast of modern-day Taiwan
around 3000 BCE. Over hundreds of years, the
migrants crossed the Indo-Pacific oceans to settle in
Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Madagascar, with some
historians suggesting they travelled as far as the
Americas. This event, known as the Austronesian
Expansion, carried the language, culture, and
technology of Austronesian-speaking peoples to new
parts of the world and permanently transformed the
demography and surroundings of these countries in

ways that can still be seen today.

ISLAND MASS MIGRATION

A replica of a
traditional
Austronesian sailing
trimaran. Göran
Höglund.




SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR THE
‘OUT-OF-TAIWAN’ THEORY

Distribution of Austronesian language
subgroups

Topic 6: ANCIENT HISTORY OF
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO

Introduction
Constitutional government is defined by the existence of a
constitution which may be a legal instrument or merely a
set of fixed norms or principles generally accepted as the

fundamental law of the polity.



The map of Malay Archipelago

The importance of constitution
Constitution a selection of legal rules which

government of that country. This is how a
constitution was created.



EXAMPLE:

1. King’s Decree-Napoleon of
France/Nicholas Csar of Russia




2. Evolution- Great Britain i. e.
Magna Carta

3.Revolution-Iranian Constitution of
1979

4.Constituent Assembly- Malaysia,
Canada, etc

The principal of constitutional
design

Vagueness

If rules are stated specifically, it becom
es difficult to adapt a constitution

to unforeseen or changing circumstances





Long-standing traditions



If a set of rules is to work, it must not be too far out of line with what most
people in the state wish to do



Amenability


If a new constitution must come reasonably close to reflecting the people’s

expectations or amendment in response to changing needs



Concentration of power

How much political power should be concentrated in the central
government and how much should be distrubuted among the
government of cities,of states or of regions

Topic 7: Economic History of SE Asia,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and
North Borneo

Introduction Trade and its Consequences

why trade is Power
important Empire
Natural
resources

Capitalism- brought about
divergence in understanding
over rights
Western powers - the valued
of signed contract
Local Malay/Bugis - belief in
the value of solemn oaths

Shifting Alliances

In 1613, Aceh destroys Johor and Sultan Iskandar
Muda forces Johor prince into marriage alliance

with his daughter

In 1580 until 1630, that have the trade
between Europe, India, China and Japan

In 1629, Aceh challenge was defeated by
Portuguese so Aceh lose their trading and
political power

In 1640, Dutch-Portuguese rivalry erupts
into war.

1641, Malacca falls to the Dutch and used as a tin
collecting Centre by Dutch who preferred to keep
Batavia as the key regional port.

In the late 16th century, trade and network links
for Brunei for the Spanish Galleon Trade is
increase.

And now the entry of Europe and Capitalism
formed and re-formed the region in what it is
today such as politically, economically and
culturally.

For example, Malaysia have traded with
United States, China and Indonesia. Within
the trade the economy of Malaysia will
increase and also show that the power of
Malaysia is stronger than other country.