adaptation

Adaptations of
Plants in Different
Habitats

Mohd Akmal Omar
Ilhan Arif
5C

What is Adaptation?

Adaptation is the adjustment of an organism to the environment. All
organism adapt. In order to adapt, animal and plants have unique
structures and shapes to adapt to the environment to ensure the
survival of the species. For a plant, adaptation can be observed in the
shape of its leaves,roots,and stem, to adjust itself to live in habitat.

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Classification

based on Habitats
There are 4 Classification of Plants based on Habitats

Halophytes Hydrophytes Mesophytes Plants that libes in
Habitat that is Hot
Plants that lives in Plants that lives in Plants that lives in a and Dry with
Swampy Habitats at Aquatic habitat that is not minimum presence of
River Mouth.This Habitats.Either too dry nor too wet water,Such as Desert
Swampy area is rich in Submerged or on the with an adequate
Salt. Water Surface amount of water.

AdBauspinteasstPiolann PsPT TemPpllaatents

Adaptive features of Page 4
Halophytes
Roots System
Uptake of Leaves
water and •Provide support for plants
mineral salts and prevent from being
uprooted
Halophytes are plants that •Leaves with thick cuticle and sunken •Pneumatiphores:Breathing
can live in a habitat with high stoma to reduce the R.O.T roots that grow vertically above
CONCENTRATION OF SALT •Succulent leaves stores water soil surface
and LOW OXYGEN •Hydatode in leaves eliminates excess •Lenticlels: Enable the E.O.G
CONTENT salt
•Old leaves store salt and fall off when
concentration of salt is too high

Halophytes Plants

1. Sesuvium
portulacastrum

2. Sarcocornia
quinqueflora

3. Sporobolus
alterniflorus

4. Anemopsis californica

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Adaptive features of
Hydrophytes

Way of living Floating plants Submerged plants

• Floating on the surface of the •Leaves are broad, thin and flat to • Have thin and small leaves to increase the total
water or completely submerged. absorb max sunlight for surface area to increase the diffusion rate of
•Hydorphytes has fibrous roots photosynthesis water, mineral salts and dissolved gases
that provide large surface area to •Stomata are distributed on upper through epidemis
trap air bubbles for stability and epidemis
lightness • Covered by a waxy, waterproof • •These plants dont have stomata and waxy
•Enables the plant to float or stay cuticle to ensure the stomata are cuticle on the leaves
upright always open
•Buoyant force exerted by •Aerenchyma tissues on the stem has • The stems are small and holliw which allows the
surrounded waters plenty of air spaces for E.O.G plant to flow upright and reduce water flow
resistance

Hydrophytes Plants

1. Typha Latifolia
2. Acorus

Calamus
3. Nymphaea

Nouchali
4. Myriophyllum

spicatum

Mesophytes Plants

1. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
2. Hevea brasiliensis
3. Mangifera indica
4. Durio zibethinus

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Adaptive features of
Xerophytes.

Roots Cactus Cactus Thorns

• Grow widely and can • Stem of cactus undergo • Reduces the total surface are exposed to the
penetrate deep into the soil to photosynthesis sun thus reducing water loss
absorp water and mineral salt.
• Cactus has small leaves • Get water supplu from the dews
• The water will be stored in the amd thicl waxy cuticles on its • The dews drop on the ground and absorbed
roots,stems and leaves stem and leaves
by the roots
• They also have leaf modified • Prevent from being eaten by animals
thons • Stoamata of cactud are embedded to reduce

water evaporation

Xerophytes plants

1. Pereskia aculeata
2. Maihuenia poepigii
3. Opuntia chlorotica
4. Mammillaria elongata