Basic 4 - Develop Career and Life Decisions

3. True
4. True
5. True

DETAILS OF LEARNING OUTCOME

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 51
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

Contents:
● Self-help concepts
● Components of Self-Regulation Theory (SRT)

Assessment Criteria
1. Demonstrate efforts for continuous self-improvement
2. Eliminate counter-productive tendencies at work.
3. Maintain positive outlook in life

Condition:
Trainees must be provided with the following.

Equipment
● Computer

Supplies And Materials
● Pen
● Paper
● Forms

Learning Materials:
● Competency based learning material

Assessment Method:
● Written test
● Practical Performance test
● Interview

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 52
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet
If you have some problems on Information
4.3-1 on Self- Sheet 4.3-1, don’t hesitate to approach your
improvement facilitator. If you feel you are knowledgeable
on the content of Information Sheet 4.3-1,
2. Answer Self-Check 4.3-1 you can now answer Self-Check 4.3-1.

3. Read Information Sheet Compare your answer with the answer key
4.3-2 on Self-Regulation 4.3-1. If you got 100% correct answer in this
Theory (SRT) self-check, you can now move to the next
information sheet. If not review the
4. Answer Self-Check 4.3-2 information sheet and go over the self-check
again.

If you have some problems on Information
Sheet 4.3-2, don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator. If you feel you are knowledgeable
on the content of Information Sheet 4.3-2,
you can now answer Self-Check 4.3-2.

Compare your answer with the answer key
4.3-2. If you got 100% correct answer in this
self-check, you can now move to the next
information sheet. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-check
again.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 53
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

INFORMATION SHEET 4.3–1

Self-Improvement

Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:
1. Define what self-improvement is;
2. Enumerate the common aspects of self-improvement;
3. Identify the ten commandments of self-improvement;

Self-improvement:

Self-improvement is the study and

practice of improving one’s life, especially

our career, education, relationships,

health, happiness, productivity,

spirituality, and other personal goals.

Common aspects of self-

improvement include goal setting,
motivation, changing habits, improving
awareness, identifying one’s values and

beliefs, and self-actualization.

Self-improvement has a rich history
that includes influences from Ancient Greek philosophy, Eastern and Western

religions, Existentialism, Psychoanalysis, Hypnotherapy, Gestalt Therapy, and
Humanistic Psychology.

Today many concepts and theories in self-improvement have begun to be
tested scientifically in domains of Clinical Psychology (especially therapies like
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy), as well as research in Positive Psychology,

Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology, and Neuroscience.

Self-improvement has never been more alive than it is today. Ever since

humans first became conscious they have been in pursuit of happiness,
success, and satisfaction. And throughout our written history we have learned a
lot about different ways we can improve our lives. Now equipped with the

science of modern psychology, humans have more resources and information
available than ever before on how to live a better life.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 54
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

The 10 Commandments of Self Improvement

1. You are responsible for how you live your life.

People who are on the self-
improvement path understand that
their thoughts and actions play a big
role in what they get out of life. Without
taking at least some degree of
responsibility over your life, self -
improvement is nearly impossible.

2. You need to define what you want
before you can achieve it.

Many people go through life
aimlessly, without a clear destination
in mind. Ultimately, however, we need
to identify our goals, values, and
priorities in life before we can achieve
them. We shouldn’t just work hard, but
work hard on the things that matter
most to us.

3. Short-term costs can lead to long-term benefits.

Actively trying to change one’s life is
not a walk in the park; it often requires
effort, time, pain, and discomfort. There
are no magic pills or blueprints for you
to follow. You need to be willing to
invest in yourself, which often requires
paying short-term costs that will
eventually lead to long-term benefits in
the future.

4. You are always changing.

The truth is that whether we play an
active role in our self -improvement or

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 55
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

not, we are always changing and developing as individuals. We are all
on some kind of self- improvement path, but some take more control
over their future than others. You are not a static being; you are
dynamic and always changing.

5. Your thoughts matter.

We sometimes think of our thoughts
as immaterial and inconsequential, but
that couldn’t be further from the truth.
How you think strongly influences how
you act and respond to the world
around you. And how you act will
determine the results and outcomes
you get out of life. Your thoughts and
beliefs are important and play a big influence in how your life will turn
out.

6. Your habits matter.

Just as we should focus on
changing our thoughts, we should also
focus on exploring new habits. As the
saying goes, “If you keep doing what
you’ve always done, you’ll keep getting
what you’ve always got.” Sometimes we
won’t know what the correct course of
action is until we have experimented
with different things. Changing habits
is essential for learning more about you and continuing to grow as a
person.

7. Your body matters.

One of the most important aspects
of self-improvement is taking care of
your body and health. Our physical
health and mental health are often
interconnected. So to truly be your best
self, you should try your best to eat
right, exercise, and take care of your
long-term health. Without taking care
of your body, you won’t be able to achieve your maximum potential.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 56
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

8. The present moment is your place of power.

Every conscious decision we make
and every action we do unfolds in the
present moment. The more attuned you
are to the present and the choices you
have in any given situation; the greater
control you have over your day-to-day
actions. Yesterday is over. Tomorrow is
yet to come. But today is where you have
the power to act and decide.

9. Learn from the past.

While we can’t change our past, it can still be a valuable resource to
look back on and learn from, whether it’s our past mistakes or past
successes. Being able to reflect on your past and learn ways to improve
yourself in the future is essential to self-growth and self-improvement.

10. Be optimistic about the future.

We don’t always know what the future may bring, but if we remain
optimistic and hopeful we allow ourselves to act in ways that help
create that fact. Often times, it can become a kind of self-fulfilling
prophecy. You have to believe in the future before you can start
building it.

Self-improvement is not
something that can be learned and
absorbed overnight. In my mind, it is
a never-ending process. Our lives are
always changing, and thus there are
always new and better ways for us to
think and act. There is always
progress to be made if we are open to
it.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 57
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

Anyone can be interested in self-improvement ––– but not everyone is. For
some people, it’s easier to blame the world for their problems than to take
responsibility over themselves and their future. The choice is yours.

SELF-CHECK 4.3-1

Self-Improvement
Identification

Direction: Read the following statements and tell whether the statement
is correct or not. Write TRUE if the statement correct and FALSE if the
statement is wrong.

1. Self-improvement is something that can be learned and absorbed
overnight.

2. You can achieve what you want even without defining it first.
3. One of the most important aspects of self-improvement is taking care

of your body and health.
4. Changing habits is essential for learning more about you and

continuing to grow as a person.
5. Being able to reflect on your past and learn ways to improve yourself in

the future is essential to self-growth and self-improvement.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 58
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

ANSWER KEY 4.3-1

Self-Improvement

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 59
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

INFORMATION SHEET 4.3-2

Self-Regulation Theory (SRT)

Learning Objectives:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. Find out the importance of SRT.

2. Identify where SRT can be applied to.

3. Define what SRT is.

Self-regulation theory

Self-regulation theory (SRT) is a
system of conscious personal management
that involves the process of guiding one's
own thoughts, behaviors, and feelings to
reach goals. Self-regulation consists of
several stages, and individuals must
function as contributors to their own
motivation, behavior, and development
within a network of reciprocally interacting
influences.

The term self-regulation refers to a complex and dynamic set of processes
involved in setting and pursuing goals. It is commonly used to refer to a broad
set of theories that seek to describe, explain, and predict these goal-directed
processes. Although many theories of self-regulation exist, each proposing some
unique characteristics, researchers generally agree on several fundamental
features of self-regulation.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 60
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

Goals and Goal Setting

The most fundamental aspect of self-
regulation theory is the idea that much of
human behavior is directed toward
accomplishing goals. Indeed, it is the pursuit
of goals that forms the focus of much of self-
regulation theory. The term goal takes on a
fairly broad meaning in this context,
referring to desired future states that
individuals wish to attain.

Goals can differ from one another in many ways. For example, they may
be assigned by others (e.g., by one’s supervisor), they may be self-set by the
individual, or they may be determined by some combination of the two (e.g.,
participative set).

Goals can vary in difficulty and specificity, as well as content. They can
be:

● near-term (proximal) goals

● long-term (distal) goals.

Goals can even vary in the extent to which one is consciously aware that
the goal is guiding behavior. All of these characteristics have important
influences on cognition, affect, and behavior.

Feedback and Self-Monitoring

Feedback plays a critical role in self-
regulatory processes. In this context,
feedback refers to information concerning
an individual’s progress toward attaining a
goal. By comparing feedback to goals, an
individual can determine the level of
success he or she is having in pursuing the
goal. If the feedback indicates that he or
she is not making sufficient progress, then
changes are often undertaken, such as investing more effort, trying different
approaches to meet the goal, or even abandoning the goal altogether.

Feedback need not come from outside sources (e.g., one’s supervisor)—
indeed, such external feedback is often unavailable. Thus, individuals often rely
on self-monitoring to evaluate their progress toward achieving their goals.
Unfortunately, individuals are notoriously flawed in making such self-
evaluations, typically perceiving their progress to be better than it really is.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 61
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

Roy Baumeister, one of the leading social
psychologists who have studied self-regulation, claims
it has four components:

1. standards of desirable behavior

2. motivation to meet standards

3. monitoring of situations and thoughts that
precede breaking said standards

4. willpower.

Baumeister along with other colleagues
developed three models of self-regulation designed to explain its cognitive
accessibility: self-regulation as a knowledge structure, strength, or skill. Studies
have been done to determine that the strength model is generally supported,
because it is a limited resource in the brain and only a given amount of self-
regulation can occur until that resource is depleted.

SRT can be applied to:

● impulse control, the management of short-term desires.

People with low impulse control are prone to acting on immediate
desires. It can lead to losing friends through careless outbursts, or
financial problems caused by making too many impulsive purchases
and even in jail.

● the cognitive bias known as illusion of control.

To the extent that people are driven by internal goals concerned
with the exercise of control over their environment, they will seek to
reassert control in conditions of chaos, uncertainty or stress.

● goal attainment and motivation

In goal attainment self-regulation, it is generally described in these
four components of self-regulation:

1. Standards, which is the desirable behavior

2. Motivation, to meet the standard

3. Monitoring, situations and thoughts that precede breaking
standards

4. willpower, internal strength to control urges.

● sickness behavior

Illness behavior in self-regulation deals with issues of tension that
arise between holding on and letting go of important values and goals
as those are threatened by disease processes.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 62
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

SRT consists of several stages. First, the patient deliberately monitors
one's own behavior, and evaluates how this behavior affects one's health. If the
desired effect is not realized, the patient changes personal behavior. If the
desired effect is realized, the patient reinforces the effect by continuing the
behavior. (Kanfer 1970;1971;1980)

Another approach is for the patient to realize a personal health issue and
understand the factors involved in that issue. The patient must decide upon an
action plan for resolving the health issue. The patient will need to deliberately
monitor the results in order to appraise the effects, checking for any necessary
changes in the action plan. (Leventhal & Nerenz 1984)

Another factor that can help the patient reach his/her own goal of
personal health is to relate to the patient the following:

● Help them figure out the personal/community views of the illness

● Appraise the risks involved

● Giveve them potential problem-solving/coping skills.

●

History and Contributors

Albert Bandura

There have been numerous researchers,
psychologists, and scientists that have studied self-
regulatory processes. Albert Bandura, a cognitive
psychologist had significant contributions focusing on
the acquisition of behaviors that led to the social
cognitive theory and social learning theory. His work
brought together behavioral and cognitive components
in which he concluded that "humans are able to control
their behavior through a process known as self-
regulation.

Dale Schunk

According to Schunk (2012), Lev Vygotsky who
was a Russian psychologist and was a major influence
on the rise of constructivism, believed that self-
regulation involves the coordination of cognitive
processes such as planning, synthesizing, and
formulating concepts (Henderson & Cunningham,
1994); however, such coordination does not proceed
independently of the individual's social environment
and culture. In fact, self-regulation is inclusive of the

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 63
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

gradual internalization of language and concepts.

SELF-CHECK 4.3-2

Self-Regulation Theory (SRT)

True or False

Direction: Read the following statements and tell whether the statement
is correct or not. Write TRUE if the statement correct and FALSE if the
statement is wrong.

1. One of the most consistent findings is that difficult, specific goals often
result in high levels of performance.

2. The self-regulated learning is the process of taking control and
evaluating one's own learning and behavior.

3. Self-regulation theory (SRT) is a system of conscious personal
management that involves the process of guiding one's own thoughts,
behaviors, and feelings to reach goals.

4. People with high impulse control are prone to acting on immediate
desires.

5. The term self-regulation refers to a complex and dynamic set of
processes involved in setting and pursuing goals.

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 64
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

ANSWER KEY 4.3-2

Self-Regulation Theory

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 65
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1. https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/industrial-organizational-
psychology/work-motivation/self-regulation-theory/

2. https://er.educause.edu/blogs/2015/9/power-to-the-people-why-self-
management-is-important

3. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-should-i-deal-with-negative-
emotions-3144603

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-regulation_theory

5. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/careers/jobs/career-
goal/

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-regulation_theory

7. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm

8. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swot.asp

9. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/reflective-cycle.htm

10. https://www.toolshero.com/management/gibbs-reflective-cycle-
graham-gibbs/

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 66
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador

Basic Competency Date Revised: Document No. LMBII-04
Module 4 - Developing July 22, 2020
Career and Life Decisions Issued by: Page 67
Revised by:
LGPC - QAS Revision # 01 of 67
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel C. Poblador