Observing procedures, specifications and manuals of instructions

WEB SCRIPT HVAC-R
Sector: Domestic Refrigeration and Air-conditioning (DomRAC) Servicing NCII
Qualification: Observe Procedures, Specifications and Manuals of Instructions
Unit of Competency: Observing Procedures, Specifications and Manuals of Instructions
Module Title: Identify and Access Specifications and Manuals
Learning Outcomes: Ericson S. Bernardino
Developer/s:

TITLE Observing Procedures, Specifications and Manuals of Instructions
OBJECTIVES
After reading this information sheet, you must be able identify and access
specifications and manuals used in domestic refrigeration and air-
conditioning systems.

INTRODUCTIO This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes in identifying, requesting
N
and receiving construction materials and tools based on the required

performance standards.
In this module, “Observe procedures, specifications and manuals of
instructions” you are required to go through the following series of learning
activities in order to complete each learning outcome

LESSON 1 Identify and Access Specifications and Manuals
TOPIC 1
Manual
A comprehensive and step-by-step guide to a particular topic for both beginners and
practitioners that also serves as reference book. Manual details what is given and what is
required, explain how to put the presented information into practice and instructs how to
solve the problems as they occur.
A book that gives you practical instructions on how to do something or how to use
something such as a machine. A book of instructions, especially for operating a machine
or learning a subject.

Types of Manuals use inHVAC-R Sector

Manufacturer’s Specification Manual
A manufacturer’s specification manual contains all the
information that is needed to make the product. It describes the
stages of manufacture and the materials used, using flowcharts,
diagrams, notes and samples. This means that if more than one
product is made then each product should be the same. A
manufacturing specification is done once the final product has
been developed. It explains exactly what the product is and how
it is made. It should provide enough information so that anyone
could use the specification to compare the normal operation of
their units. It ensures that a product is always made in the same

TOPIC 2 way and each product is identical and made to a set standard.
LESSON 2
Repair Manual
Repair manuals or sometimes called as factory service manuals (FSM) are
the manuals provided by manufacturers which cover the servicing, maintenance
and repair of their products. This service manual contains detailed instructions
and multiple diagrams on how to repair and fix your equipment. With this
information assembly and disassembly of multiple parts of the unit will be
seamless
Maintenance Procedure Manual

A maintenance procedure manual sometimes called an
operation and maintenance manual is a comprehensive
document that provides all the details necessary about the unit
to help the maintenance of the technician and keep everything
running smoothly.

Periodic Maintenance Manual
A periodic maintenance manual is just like a maintenance
procedure manual but focuses more on periodic maintenance or
an activity performed on a unit based on a set time interval. The
purpose of periodic maintenance is to maintain smooth operation
of a unit.

Why do we need a Manual

Avoid Information gap
An information gap activity is an activity where learners are missing the information they
need to complete a task and need to talk to each other to find it.

Launching of a new products
The goal is to delight customers with a new experience. Checklist captures all of the
necessary activities across participating departments. This includes everything from
design, positioning, and development to campaigns, training, and support.

Valuable tools
it can also lead to bad advice if you don't know how to use it.

Interpret Manuals

Your manuals/plans and specifications are your primary tools for communicating
to everyone on the building team what you want built, and how to build it. The visual plans
and written specifications work together — with the plans focusing on what to build, and
the specifications focusing on the how to build it.

People in the building trades tend to be visual people, who prefer a good drawing over a
wordy description of what you have in mind to build. However, drawings rarely tell the
whole story so words must be added to describe exactly what materials to use, how to

install them, and other important details. The written portion or your plans are called the
specifications or “specs” for short.

TOPIC 1 Signs and Symbols

BASIC ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION AND AIR-
CONDITIONING.

Motor
Compressor

Overload
Protector

Starting Relay

Light Bulb
Thermostat

Door Switch

Heater

Selector
Switch

Indicator light

Fan motor

Capacitor

BASIC MECHANICAL SYMBOLS OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION AND AIR-
CONDITIONING.

Motor
Compressor

Condenser

Evaporator

Capillary Tube

Expansion
Valve
(TXV,EXV)
Fan

Filter Drier

Liquid Receiver

Sight Glass

Accumulator
Solenoid Valve

Pressure
Switch

TOPIC 2 Identification of Symbols use in Manuals

CE Directives
When a manufacturer puts the CE marking on a product it implies that it complies with all
the Essential Health and safety requirements from all the directives that applies to its
product. For example, for a machine, the Machinery directive applies, but often also: Low
voltage directive.

Health Hazard
Under the Health Protection and Promotion Act, a health hazard is a condition of a
premises, a substance, thing, plant or animal other than man, or a solid, liquid, gas or
combination of any of them, that has or that is likely to have an adverse effect on
the health of any person.

Toxic
A substance that is poisonous if swallowed or breathed in.

Harmful
To warn us of the hazards chemicals use hazard symbols. ... A substance that may cause
bad to the skin, eyes or inside your body.

Never do this
Often humorously, that you think it is not appropriate or not suitable in some way.

Irritant
Irritant. A substance that may cause irritation to the skin, eyes or inside your body.

Warning
A warning sign is a type of sign which indicates a potential hazard, obstacle or condition
requiring special attention.

Caution

A type of hazard sign used to warn about possible hazards or unsafe practices

Danger
An indication that a bad or dangerous situation is likely to develop.

Gas Under Pressure
Compressed gases can be toxic, flammable, oxidizing, corrosive, or inert. In the event of
a leak, inert gases can quickly displace air in a large area creating an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere, toxic gases can create poison atmospheres, and flammable or
reactive gases can result in fire and exploding cylinders.

Explosive
Working in an environment with explosive materials is extremely dangerous and requires
constant warning to keep workers safe from possible accidents. ... Explosives signs serve
as a constant warning to workers entering the area that serious hazards exist and that
safety is essential.

Oxidizing
A classification for chemicals and preparations that react exothermically with other
chemicals.

Flammable

Materials or substances liable to self-ignite when exposed to water or air (pyrophoric), or
which emit flammable gas. Flame. Exclamation Mark: An immediate skin, eye or
respiratory tract irritant, or narcotic.

Corrosive
Refers to a substance that has the power to cause irreversible damage or destroy
another substance by contact.

TOPIC 3 Manual Reading and Plan Specification

Parts of a Manual
Cover Page

A good cover page includes the title/ name of the company / author’s

name,

institutional affiliation, unit brand and model number & model date.
Safety Guidelines, Precautions, and Health – Related Issues

Safety Guidelines help technicians and consumers follow general safety
rules. Most accidents can be prevented if everyone uses assigned safety
equipment and follows the established safety rules

Specifications

The specifications section covers detailed description of the
quality of materials and workmanship required to complete a
product in accordance with its drawings and details. A
specification provides the necessary details about the specific
requirements.

Parts Layout Installation & Schematic Diagram

Parts Layout section provides a detailed indication of the
different parts of the unit. This section may also cover about the
schematic diagrams about the connection of the system.
A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the components
of a process, device or other object using abstract and often
standardized symbols and lines.

Product Features and Capabilities of the Unit

Product features are characteristics of a product that describe
its appearance, components and capabilities.

Maintenance Procedures Section

A maintenance procedure is a written set of instructions that
specifies how a test operation is to be performed. It should be
specific and detailed enough so that a qualified maintenance
technician who has never before performed the task can do so
successfully by reading and following the instructions contained in
it.

Troubleshooting Section

Troubleshooting is the process of diagnosing the source of a
problem. It is used to fix problems with hardware, software and
many other products. Many product manuals have
Troubleshooting section in the back of the manual. This section
contains a list of potential problems, which are often phrased in
the form of a question. Typically, each of these questions will be
followed by specific advice, whether the answer is Yes or No.
Sometimes, this advice is presented as a flowchart diagram.

Installation/Replacement instruction

This section explains the detailed instructions about
interchangeable parts of your unit and its assembly and
disassembly instructions

EXPLODED DIAGRAM, PARTS & PRICE LIST SECTION

LESSON 3 Figure 17 shows an example of an exploded diagram in a
TOPIC 1 manual

An exploded diagram section shows the relationship or order of
assembly of various parts of a product. It shows the components of
an object slightly separated by distance, or suspended in
surrounding space. The exploded view drawing is used in parts
catalogues, assembly and maintenance.

Apply Information in Manuals

These manuals are designed to be self-contained, providing all the policies,
procedures and instructions that a worker needs on the jobsite

Reading and Comprehension Skills

Summarizing.
Summarizing is defined as taking a lot of information and creating a

condensed version that covers the main points.

Sequencing.
An arrangement of two or more things in a successive order. the

successive order of two or more things chronological sequence. a sequentially
ordered set of related things or ideas. an action or event that follows another or
others.

Inferencing.
Making an inference involves using what you know to make a guess about

what you don't know or reading between the lines. Readers who
make inferences use the clues in the text along with their own experiences to help
them figure out what is not directly said, making the text personal and memorable.

Comparing and contrasting.
A compare-and-contrast essay analyzes two subjects by

either comparing them, contrasting them, or both. The purpose of writing

TOPIC 2 a comparison or contrast essay is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate
subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two subjects.

Drawing conclusions.
Drawing conclusions is using information that is implied or inferred to make

meaning out of what is not clearly stated. Writers give readers hints or clues that
help them read between the lines, since not everything is explicitly stated or
spelled out all the time.

Self-questioning.
Self-questioning is an evaluative process that consists in students asking

themselves helpful questions before, during and after learning to check their
understanding of the content.

Problem-solving.
The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.

Relating background knowledge.
A person's background knowledge, often called prior knowledge, is a

collection of "abstracted residue" that has been formed from all of life's
experiences. ... Background knowledge is an essential component in learning
because it helps us make sense of new ideas and experiences.

Accessing Information and Data

Two fundamental types of data access exist:

Sequential access
Access to a computer data file that requires the user to read through the file from
the beginning in the order in which it is stored.
Sequential access is a term describing a group of elements (such as data in a
memory array or a disk file or on magnetic tape data storage) being accessed in a
predetermined, ordered sequence. It is the opposite of random access, the ability
to access an arbitrary element of a sequence as easily and efficiently as any other
at any time.
Sequential access is sometimes the only way of accessing the data, for example if
it is on a tape. It may also be the access method of choice, for example if all that is
wanted is to process a sequence of data elements in order.

Random access
The process of transferring information to or from memory in which every memory
location can be accessed directly rather than being accessed in a fixed sequence.

Random access (more precisely and more generally called direct access) is the
ability to access an arbitrary element of a sequence in equal time or any datum

TOPIC 3 from a population of addressable elements roughly as easily and efficiently as any
other, no matter how many elements may be in the set.

Work Schedule
Common types of work schedule.

Standard Business Day. A requirement to be at work during the standard business
hours of a firm such as 9 to 5

- Normal Business Hours means those hours during which most
similar businesses in the community are open to serve customers

Part Time
- For only part of the usual working day or week.

Unpredictable Schedules

Flextime
- A system of working a set number of hours with the starting and finishing
times chosen within agreed limits by the employee.

Alternate Work Schedule
- Alternate work schedules (AWS) is an umbrella term that refers to
compressed work schedules and flexible work schedules.
Compressed work schedule means a fixed work schedule (no flexible time
bands) in which an employee can complete the biweekly work requirement
in less than 10 working days.

Compressed Workweek.
- A compressed work schedule allows an employee to work a traditional 35-
40 hour workweek in less than the traditional number of workdays.
Many compressed work schedule options may be negotiated. For example,
a full-time employee scheduled for 40 hours per week could work four 10-
hour days instead of five 8-hour days.

Shift Work
- Work comprising recurring periods in which different groups of workers do
the same jobs in rotation.

Rotating Shifts
- Is a scheduling system where employees move through a cycle of
working the day shift, the night shift, and any swing shifts that may be
necessary. The “opposite” of a rotating shift is a fixed schedule.

Purpose of work schedule

A work schedule is imperative to getting work done in a well-organized
manner. Most employers draw up work schedules that aim to reduce labor cost
and get the maximum amount of work accomplished in the allotted time.

LESSON 4 Store Manuals
TOPIC 1 Sorted and organized in an easy to manage system
5S Procedure

5S Translation

Step Name Japanese term Explanation

1. Sort Seiri (tidiness) Remove unnecessary items from each
area

2. Set In Seiton (orderliness) Organize and identify storage for
Order efficient use

3. Shine Seiso (cleanliness) Clean and inspect each area regularly

4.Standardize Seiketsu Incorporate 5S into standard operating
(standardization) procedures

5. Sustain Shitsuke (discipline) Assign responsibility, track progress,
and continue the cycle

Sort
The first step in the 5S process is Sort, or “seiri,” which translates to

“tidiness.” The goal of the Sort step is to eliminate clutter and clear up space by
removing things that don’t belong in the area.

Clearing the Work Area
For this step, take a close look at the items, tools, and materials in a work area.
Items that are necessary or useful for the work being done in that space should be
kept there. Everything else should be removed.
Set In Order

The second step, Set In Order, was originally called “seiton,” which
translates to “orderliness.” A variety of names have been used in English:
“Systematic Organization,” “Straightening Out,” and “Simplify,” for example. No
matter what it’s called, the goal of this step is to organize the work area. Each item
should be easy to find, use, and return: a place for everything, and everything in
its place.

Shine
The third step of 5S is Shine, or “seiso,” which means “cleanliness.” While

the first and second steps cleared up space and arranged the area for efficiency,
this step attacks the dirt and grime that inevitably builds up underneath the clutter,
and works to keep it from coming back.

Standardize
The first three steps of 5S cover the basics of clearing, organizing, and

cleaning a work space; on their own, those steps will provide short-term benefits.
The fourth step is Standardize, or “seiketsu,” which simply means standardization.
By writing down what is being done, where, and by whom, you can incorporate the
new practices into normal work procedure. This paves the way for long-term
change.

Sustain
The fifth step of a 5S program is Sustain, or “shitsuke,” which literally

means “discipline.” The idea here is continuing commitment. It’s important to
follow through on the decisions that you’ve made — and continually return to the
earlier steps of 5S, in an on-going cycle.

TOPIC 2 Proper Storage of Manuals

Reasons to Organize Manuals For HVAC
Storage of manuals is not the same as organizing them for
ease of access. Here are some reasons why organizing
manuals before string them is a good idea.

• In case something breaks
It’s quicker, easier and a lot less frustrating to
get a replacement from a manufacturer when

you have all the paperwork in one spot.

• Diagnose an issue with a unit
The technology in an HVAC unit is complicated. Having a
written instruction may help speed up understanding what

• Recalls
With 300-400 recalls per year, there’s a probability that
your unit will be recalled. If you receive wind of a
recall, your manual and receipt will help you quickly
determine if your unit falls under the recall.

Containers to Organize HVAC Manuals
Storage Bins

This type of storage keeps all the manual together without
further organizing the manuals in categories.

Binders
Binders work great for all types of paper organizing
projects. They keep everything together, you can add
dividers to make it easy to locate what you are looking for,
and everything stays together.

Pocket Folders or Plastic Envelopes
Pocket Folders are also great for organizing manual because it can be
sorted out by
manual’s categories and each folder can be labeled for ease of access.

Accordion File
Accordion file is compact but allows to fit all the manuals in
one spot. It can also further categorize and separate the
manuals out from the broader categories with the pocket
folders.

Online Storage
A manual depending on its model has its pdf form which is
accessible to store in your computer or a cloud storage.
Either save the link of the manual or download it to the
cloud storage.