Install instrumentation & control devices

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Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Course: MAURO ROGEL B. BARROGA
Unit of competency: INSTALL INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL DEVICES
INSTALL INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL DEVICES
Module:
Learning outcomes: At the end of the session, learners should be able to:
1. Interpret work instructions in instalation of ICD.
Duration: 2. Plan & prepare for installation of ICD.
Situating Learning: 3. Install ICD.
4. Test installed ICD.
80 HOURS
You are a probationary Instrumentation Technician of Flover Company
who was contracted to do an Electrical & Instrumentation project for
Sharq Petrochemical Waste Heat Boiler rehabilitation in saudi Arabia.
Your instrumentation project supervisor has provided you with the
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram / Instrumentation Loop Diagram and
assigned you to install all the instrumentation and control devices for
Loop no. 101, which are available in the warehouse and include the
following:

 Concentric orifice plate (FE-101)

 Rosemount electronic differential pressure transmitter (FT-
101)

 Fisher control valve (FV-101)

An instrument fitter is assigned to assist you with your tasks, which
includes the following:

 Fill-out a request form, make the plant manager sign them, and
acquire all the needed instrumentation & control devices from
the materials & equipment warehouse.

 Secure the necessary work permit, and prepare the tools,
materials, equipment needed, and the prescribed ppe for the
job.

 Install the instruments according to plan and specifications.

 Test the installed instruments.

 Prepare a written project status report with the attached work
permit and submit to your instrumentation project supervisor.

Assessment Criteria: By accomplishing the above-mentioned tasks, this will affect your
employment status in the company from probationary to regular
employee.

Assessment must show that the candidate:

1.1. Interpreted work instructions according to job requirements.
1.2. Installed Instrumentation & Control devices in accordance with

technical requirements.
1.3. conducted tests accurately on the devices using standard

procedures
1.4. documented the tasks undertaken

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Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Learning chunk Performance Criteria Learning Activities Learning documents
(Brief description of (Documents
Sub-task 1: 1. Communication strategies, sequence
skills to interpret of lesson, evaluation) referenced by each
Interpret work work instructions learning activity)
instructions for the are defined and CLASSROOM –
installation of ICD. demonstrated BASED: (TF) Infosheet 1.1
according to the Worksheet 1.1
established (Lecture) Describe
procedures Instrumentation & Infosheet 1.2
Control Worksheet 1.2
2. Work signs, Terminologies and
symbols and Concepts.
conventions are 1.1 Fundamentals of
defined and
explained Instrumentation
according to the & control
set standards
(Lecture) Interpret
3. Work Instrumentation &
instructions and Control signs,
procedures are symbols, and
demonstrated diagrams.
according to the 1.2 Instrumentation
set standards
Symbols and
diagrams

Sub-task 2: 1. Instrumentation CLASSROOM – Infosheet 2.1
and Control BASED: (TF) Worksheet 2.1
Install ICD. standards are
followed in line (Lecture) Infosheet 3.1
Sub-task 3: with the job 2.1 Describe Worksheet 3.1
requirements. Instrumentation &
Plan & prepare for Control Devices: Page 2
installation of ICD. 1. Materials needed Specifications,
for installation Functions, and
are identified and Operation
prepared Sensors &
according to the Transducers
work instructions Transmitter
Controller
2. Tools and Recorder
Actuator
Valves

CLASSROOM –
BASED: (TF)

(Lecture)
3.1 Use necessary
Tools, Materials, &
Equipment in
installation of ICD

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DLM 03 Developing print-based Learner’s Guide including all related documents
Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Learning chunk Performance Criteria Learning Activities Learning documents
(Brief description of (Documents
equipment types strategies, sequence
and functions of lesson, evaluation) referenced by each
needed for learning activity)
installation are Tools
identified and Materials
demonstrated Equipment
according to set
standards (Lecture) Infosheet 3.2
3. Personal 3.2 Use necessary Worksheet 3.2
Protective PPEs for
Equipment (PPE) installation of ICD
needed for Helmet
installation are Shoes
identified and Spectacles
prepared Gloves
according to the Ear plug
work instructions Harness
4. Use of PPE
needed for (Lecture) Infosheet 3.3
installation are 3.3 Comply with Worksheet 3.3
demonstrated Applicable OHS
according to the policies &
set standards procedures for
5. Occupational and installation of ICD
Health Safety
(OHS) needed for Interpreting Safety
installation are & Hazards signs &
identified and symbols – fire,
explained chemical, electrical
according to the
work instructions Interpreting
6. OHS procedures Classification of
and policies Hazardous
needed for location
installation are
demonstrated
according to the
set standards

Sub-task 4: 1. Devices are CLASSROOM –
installed in BASED: (TF)
Install ICD. accordance with
manufacturer’s (Demo/Lab)
instructions, 4.1 Perform Infosheet 4.1
requirements, Techniques in Operation sheet
and without installing ICD 4.1
damage to the Sensors
surrounding Gauges &
place or Indicators

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Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Learning chunk Performance Criteria Learning Activities Learning documents
(Brief description of (Documents
Sub-task 5: environment strategies, sequence
2. Unplanned of lesson, evaluation) referenced by each
Test installed ICD. learning activity)
events or Temperature
conditions are Transmitters
responded to in Differential
accordance with Pressure
established Transmitter
procedures Controllers
Recorders
Control Valves

1. Devices are CLASSROOM – Infosheet 5.1
tested in BASED: (TF) Worksheet 5.1
accordance with
standard (Demo/Lab)
procedures. 5.1 Use Applicable
Test instruments
2. Final inspections and equipment after
are undertaken to installing ICD
ensure that the Description
installed devices Functions
conforms to Operation
technical
requirements. (Demo/Lab) Infosheet 5.2
5.2 Perform Operation sheet
3. Work site is Techniques in 5.2
cleaned and testing and
cleared of all troubleshooting ASSESSMENT:
debris and left installed ICD. Written Test
safe in
accordance with Multimeter (questionnaire &
the company Megger answer sheet)
requirements Standard Gauges Practical Test
and Indicators
4. Report on Leak Testers
Standard Signal
installation and Sources
testing of /Generators
equipment is
prepared
according to
company’s
procedures
/policies.

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DAT 01 Develop Assessment Tools for Theory Content

Assignment

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

Course: Instrumentation & Control Servicing NC2 Duration of Test: 60 minutes

Unit of Competence: Install Instrumentation & Control Devices.

Number of Questions

Section A Section B
MCQ Short-Answer Question

(2 marks each) (5 marks each)

I * II III II III

Technical Knowledge Item Codes

Sub-task 1: 4 14 5
T K Item Codes 1.1 to 1.2

Sub-task 2: 4
TK Item Codes 2.1

Sub-task 3: 22 9
TK Item Codes 3.1 to 3.3

Sub-task 4: 22 3
TK Item Codes 4.1

Sub-task 5: 8
TK Item Codes 5.1 to 5.2

Sub Total: (total no for each column) 8 18 4 12 13

Total of items: (total no for each section) 30 25

Total Marks 70% 30%

Note: The Item Codes are derived from the numbering system in the Instructional Blueprint document.
The code ‘X.Y’ refers to the Technical Knowledge item #Y of Sub-task #X.

* Taxonomical Level Pass Mark is _50_%

I- Knowledge
II - Comprehension
III - Application and above

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Assignment

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SERVICING NC II

INSTALL INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL DEVICES.

2 HOURS QUESTIONNAIRE 201
JULY 2010 NUMBER:

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.

2. Do not write anything this questionnaire. Any markings found in this questionnaire will
have a corresponding point deduction. All markings and writings must only be found
in the provided answer sheets.

3. Write your name and questionnaire control number on the answer sheet.

4. This paper consists of two Sections:
(i) Section A: 15 Multiple-Choice Questions,
(ii) Section B: 5 Short-Answer Questions.

Read and follow the instructions for each section.

5. If you have any questions regarding the test, you may ask your proctor.

6. Take note that this examination is time pressured.

7. Be ready to take this examination.

.

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages (including this page). Page 2

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Assignment

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (2 marks each)

Instruction: Choose the correct answer and shade the appropriate box on the separate
answer sheet provided.

Test Item Code: 1.1 Taxonomy Level: I Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

1. ISA is an international organization in instrumentation and control. What does ISA
stands for?

(A) International Society of Automation
(B) International Systems in Automation
(C) Instrumentation Symbols Association
(D) Instrumentation Standards Association

Test Item Code: 1.1 Taxonomy Level: I Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

2. ANSI is a standard organization in instrumentation and control. What does ANSI
stands for?

(A) American National Standards Institute
(B) Automation and Nuclear Standards Institute
(C) American National Standards in Instrumentation
(D) Association of National Standards in Instrumentation

Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

3. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and
identification” standard, what does PRC mean?

(A) Purge Recovery Container
(B) Piston Reciprocating Cylinder
(C) Pressure Recording Controller
(D) Programmable Revolving Conveyor

Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

4. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and
identification” standard, what does TDI mean?

(A) Total Deflection Index
(B) Time Dependent Incidence
(C) Thrash Disposal Incinerator
(D) Temperature Differential Indicator

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Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 2
Awarded: 2
2
5. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and 2
identification” standard, what does this symbol mean?

(A) Binary Signal Line
(B) Electrical Signal Line
(C) Pneumatic Signal Line
(D) Filled-system Signal Line

Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks
Awarded:

6. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and
identification” standard, what does this symbol mean?

(A) Binary Signal Line
(B) Electrical Signal Line
(C) Pneumatic Signal Line
(D) Filled-system Signal Line

Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks
Awarded:

7. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and
identification” standard, what does this symbol mean?

(A) Field Mounted
(B) Panel Mounted
(C) Behind the Panel Mounted
(D) Shared Display Panel Mounted

Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks
Awarded:

8. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and
identification” standard, what does this symbol mean?

(A) Field Mounted
(B) Panel Mounted
(C) Behind the Panel Mounted
(D) Shared Display Panel Mounted

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Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

9. According ANSI/ISA S5.1-1984 (R 1992) “Instrumentation symbols and
identification” standard, what does P&ID mean?

(A) Preventive & Intuitive Domain
(B) Process & Instruments Directory
(C) Proportional & Integral Derivative
(D) Piping & Instrumentation Diagram

Test Item Code: 2.1 Taxonomy Level: I Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

10. What auxiliary device is attached to a pressure gauge to prevent condensate
from entering its element?

(A) Pigtail Loop
(B) Remote Seal
(C) Valve Manifold
(D) Pressure Snubber

Test Item Code: 2.1 Taxonomy Level: I Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

11. What auxiliary device is attached to differential pressure transmitter to allow
easy process blocking and equalization?

(A) Pigtail Loop
(B) Remote Seal
(C) Valve Manifold
(D) Pressure Snubber

Test Item Code: 4.1 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

12. Which statement is TRUE about HART protocol instrumentation loop installation?

(A) The loop signal passes on the same cable as the loop supply.
(B) The loop devices are all connected in parallel to the loop supply.
(C) The loop current requires a minimum resistance of 1000 ohms.
(D) The loop must each have a series resistor of 1000 ohms for every device.

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Test Item Code: 3.1 Taxonomy Level: III Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

13. Which of the following tools, equipment and materials is NOT IMMEDIATELY
NEEDED for wire termination job in an instrument panel?

(A) Screwdriver
(B) Terminal lugs
(C) Volt-Ohm-Meter
(D) Wire Stripper and Crimper

Test Item Code: 4.1 Taxonomy Level: III Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

14. According to manufacturers, what instrumentation and control installation practice
for stainless and copper signal line installation is NOT acceptable?

(A) Use NPT fittings for copper line.
(B) Use compression fittings for stainless line.
(C) Use swaging, flaring, and tube bender for copper line.
(D) Use the combination of copper and stainless materials in fittings.

Test Item Code: 3.3 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 2
Awarded:

15. According to OHSA, what is the minimum height where a fall protection safety
belt and harness are required for installation fitter and technician?

(A) 12 meters
(B) 6 meters
(C) 3 meters
(D) 1.5 meters

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SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Instruction: Write what is required for following questions on the space provided in the
answer sheet.

Test Item Code: 1.2 Taxonomy Level: III Possible Marks 5
Awarded:

16. Draw and label completely the P&ID of a feedback (closed-loop)

temperature control system with a heat exchanger and the following:
TABLE – 1:

No. Description Tag name Loop no. Mounting Input signal Output signal

1 Pt 100 with TE 100 Field Process Electric
Thermowell TT
TRC Mounted Temperature
TY
2 Transmitter TCV 100 Field Electric Electric
Mounted

3 Controller & Recorder 100 Panel Electric Electric
in one unit Mounted

4 Current – to – Pressure 100 Field Electric Pneumatic
Converter Mounted

Diaphragm Actuated 100 Field Pneumatic Valve Position
5 globe valve with Mounted

positioner

Test Item Code: 5.1 Taxonomy Level: III Possible Marks 3
Awarded:

17. Draw and label completely the valve - stroke test set-up for an installed
diaphragm actuated control valve with positioner:

Test Item Code: 5.2 Taxonomy Level: III Possible Marks 5
Awarded:

18. Analyze the set-up in Figure 1, write down five (5) possible faults why
there is no current variation as indicated by the milli-ammeter and
Pressure Indicating Transmitter even if there is 24 Vdc supply and
pressure variation.

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DAT 01 Develop Assessment Tools for Theory Content

Assignment

Figure – 1: Test setup for Pressure Indicating Transmitter

Test Item Code: 4.1 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 3
Awarded:

19. Differentiate by illustrating the installation of DP Transmitter in flow rate
measurements for Liquid, Steam, and Gas services.

Test Item Code: 3.1 Taxonomy Level: II Possible Marks 9
Awarded:

20. (Refer to Figure – 2) Assuming that all the control room devices, terminal
cabinet, field devices, and cables/wires are ready for wire termination; as
the assigned technician, enumerate at least nine (9) necessary
steps/procedure to perform the task safely and correctly.

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DAT 01 Develop Assessment Tools for Theory Content

Assignment

Figure – 2: Loop sheet for Level Loop 1003

***End *** Page 9

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DAT 01 Develop Assessment Tools for Theory Content

Assignment

Section A: Multiple-choice Marking Scheme Marks
Allocation
Question No. Solution / Suggested Answer
A 2
1 A 2
2 C 2
3 D 2
4 B 2
5 C 2
6 A 2
7 D 2
8 D 2
9 A 2
10 C 2
11 A 2
12 C 2
13 D 2
14 B 2
15

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DAT 01 Develop Assessment Tools for Theory Content

Assignment

Section B: Short-answer Solution / Suggested Answer Marks
Allocation
Question
No. 5

HOT WATER

16 CONDENSATE
STEAM COLD WATER

17 3

The actual value of 250 ohms resistor can be higher or almost
open.

18 The pressure in the high side (HS) is equal to the low side (LS) 5

or no pressure difference.

The board or circuitry controlling the display is defective.

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Assignment

The transmitter is not configured properly to the operating
pressure range.

The sensing element (capacitive cell) inside the pressure
indicating controller is defective.

19 3

20.1 Validate the content of job order with its maker to assure
correctness of your interpretation.

20.2 Secure the permit/clearance to perform the task.

20.3 Prepare the necessary tools, materials, and equipment.

20.4 Prepare the necessary PPEs and make sure all the essential
occupational health, and safety policies and procedures are
followed.

20.5 Check whether the available cables/wires for every area are

the correct cables/wire based on the loop sheet. If

20 necessary, test them first using continuity tester. 9

20.6 For all the listed devices and terminal cabinet in loop sheet,
strip the available wires, put wire tags/makers, crimp
terminal lugs on them, and screw/terminate them firmly on
their correct positions or locations.

20.7 Check every termination to determine that they are not loose
while verifying them with the loop sheet.

20.8 Complete the necessary documentation for the task.

20.9 Turn over the finish task with concerned people, particularly
the maker of job order.

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Assignment

ANSWER SHEET

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SERVICING NC II
INSTALL INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL DEVICES

Name: , Questionnaire
M.I. Number:
Surname First name

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (15 ITEMS)

NOTE: Shade the box corresponding to your answer. If you want to change your answer, just
encircle the wrong box and shade your next best choice.
ABCD

EXAMPLE:

ABCD ABCD ABCD

1. 6. 11.
2.
3. 7. 12.
4.
5. 8. 13.

9. 14.

10. 15.

SECTION B: SHORT – ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 ITEMS)
16.

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Assignment

17.

18.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

19.

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Assignment

20.
20.1 __________________________________________________________________
20.2 __________________________________________________________________
20.3 __________________________________________________________________
20.4 __________________________________________________________________
20.5 __________________________________________________________________
20.6 __________________________________________________________________
20.7 __________________________________________________________________
20.8 __________________________________________________________________
20.9 __________________________________________________________________

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

Learning outcome:
1. Interpret work instructions for the installation of instrumentation and control devices

Learning Activity:
1.1 Define and explain instrumentation and control terminologies, concepts, and
principles.

CONTENTS:

A. Introduction
B. Definition of terms
C. Pressure measurement
D. Level measurement
E. Temperature measurement
F. Flow measurement
G. Summary

A. INTRODUCTION:

Have you seen the 80s movie, Rocobop? Well, it’s about this cop who was badly shot in one of
police operations, and in order to save him, he was made into cyborg, partly human and partly
machine. This concept is the principle behind any industrial automation system, where man
and machine use their best qualities for a common cause to improve the manufacturing,
maintenance, etc., and ultimately the existence of all living creatures.

Industrial automation has many allied technologies and one of them is Instrumentation and
control (I&C). One of the main tasks of an I&C technician is to install instrumentation and
control devices. And, its most important sub-task is to interpret work instructions related to
installation of I&C devices.

This information sheet contains the fundamentals of instrumentation and control technology
which are essential in the interpretation of work instructions.

Code No. Install (ICD) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ECL724301 Instrumentation and Control Devices April 27, 2010 1

Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

B. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Industrial Automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided
human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,
industrial automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well. Industrial automation has two main categories, machine automation
and process automation.

2. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of mechanical, electronics/electrical, and
computer software engineering to automate a mechanize control system. It can be referred
to as machine automation.

3. Machine Automation are applicable for semiconductor manufacturing, building automation,
construction machineries, transportation controls (land, sea, air, space)
product packaging machineries, mining equipment controls, etc.

4. Instrumentation is collection of instruments or their application for the purpose of
observation, measurement or control. It can be referred to as process automation.

5. Process Automation is applicable for food processing, biomedical processes petrochemical
refinery, water treatment, pollution control, power generation, etc.

6. Observation is the output of the 5 senses of man. It is expressed in terms of qualitative
characteristics of a physical object or variable. In process automation, observation is derived
from the output of sensors. Figure – 1 below compares man’s senses to machine’s primary
elements.

7. Measurement is the output of man using a tool to determine qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of a physical object/variable. In process automation, measurement is the
output sensors connected to a transducer, indicator, and recorder. From Figure -1, we can
say that measurement is the product of senses and brain (primary and intermediate
elements).

8. Control is the output when man operates using his senses to observe an object or variable,
then use his intellect to give meaning and decide on a course of action, and finally use his
motor faculties to execute his course of action. In Figure – 1, it happens when the machine
elements operates to detect, process, react, and correct changes in control loop variables.

Note: Instrumentation and control is often defined separately because there are some
systems that do not involve observation and control, only observation and measurement.

Code No. Install (ICD) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ECL724301 Instrumentation and Control Devices April 27, 2010 2

Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

AUTOMATIC CONTROL CONCEPT

MAN MACHINE

I. SENSES I. PRIMARY ELEMENT
• Eyes • Photocells
• Ears • Microphone
• Nose • Smoke Detectors
• Skin / Touch • Thermometers
• Tongue • Analytical Sensors

II. BRAIN II. INTERMEDIATE
• Intellect ELEMENT
• Will • Indicators
• Recorders
III. MOTOR FACULTIES • Controllers
• Hands
• Feet III. FINAL ELEMENT
• Body • Motors
Figure 1 – 1 • Cylinders

9. CONTROL SYSTEMS / LOOPS:

 Figure 1 – 2 and Figure 1 – 3 shows a typical heat exchanger control loops.

 The close loop has feedback. The intervention of the operator is less because it’s fully
automatic.

 The open loop has no feedback coming from the sensor and transmitter. Any changes
in controlled variable rely on the operator. This can be referred to as semi – automatic.

Figure 1 – 2: Close Loop Figure 1 – 3: Open Loop

Code No. Install (ICD) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ECL724301 Instrumentation and Control Devices April 27, 2010 3

Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

10. CONTROL LOOP VARIABLES:

 Independent variables (IV) answer the question "What do I change?" In Figure 1 – 2,
the flow of the steam is the IV.

 Dependent variables (DV) answer the question "What do I observe?" In Figure 1 – 2,
the temperature of the water going out of the heat exchanger is the DV.

 Controlled variables (CV) answer the question "What do I keep the same?" In Figure 1
– 2, the temperature of the water inside the heat exchanger is the CV.

 Extraneous variables (EV) answer the question "What uninteresting variables might
mediate the effect of the Independent Variable on the Dependent Variable?" In Figure 1
– 3, the disturbances (energy loss and gain) in and out of the heat exchanger is the
EV.

11. PROCESS VARIABLES:

 Process variables are the objects of process automation (instrumentation and control).
 There are 4 Basic Process Variables; Pressure, Level, Temperature, and Flow.
 Other process variables such as density, force or weight, etc. can be derived from the

basic process variables.

12. ELEMENTS OF PROCESS CONTROL:

 Primary Elements senses or detects the control loop variables. In Figure 1 – 2, the
primary elements are the transducers - sensors and transmitter.

 Intermediate Elements receive signals from primary elements and provide
corresponding output signal either through indication/record or control action. In Figure 1
– 2, the intermediate elements are controller, recorder, and enunciator.

 Final Elements receive signals from a controller and execute corrective action to
manipulated variable. In Figure 1 – 2, the final element is the control valve.

Note:
With the current innovations in automation engineering and technology, instrumentation and
control devices manufacturers combine the functionalities of the different elements of process
control, for instance:

 Some instrumentation and control devices have primary, intermediate, and final
elements in 1 unit.

 Some instrumentation and control devices have primary and intermediate elements, and
some instrumentation and control devices have intermediate and final elements.

13. TRANSDUCER:
 A transducer is a device, electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic,
photonic, or photovoltaic, that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to
another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer.

Code No. Install (ICD) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ECL724301 Instrumentation and Control Devices April 27, 2010 4

Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

14. SENSORS:
 A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
 Types of sensor; self – generating, and passive.
 Characteristics of sensor:
a. A good or ideal sensor is designed to be linear. The output signal of such a sensor is
linearly proportional to the value of the measured property.
b. If the output signal is not zero when the measured property is zero, the sensor has
an offset or bias. This is defined as the output of the sensor at zero input.
c. The sensitivity or gain is then defined as the ratio between output signal and
measured property. If the sensitivity is not constant over the range of the sensor, this
is called nonlinearity.
d. If the output signal slowly changes independent of the measured property, this is
defined as drift.
e. If the sensor has a digital output, the output is essentially an approximation of the
measured property. The approximation error is also called digitization error.

15. TRANSMITTER:
 In industrial process control, a "transmitter" is any device which converts measurements
from a sensor into a signal to be received, usually sent via wires, by some display or
control device located a distance away.

C. PRESSURE MEASUREMENT:

I. INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS PRESSURE?
 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
 MODES OF PRESSURE

II. PRESSURE SENSORS/TRANSDUCERS
 BOURDON TUBE
 SPRING AND PISTON
 BELLOWS AND CAPSULES
 DIAPHRAGM

III. ELECTRICAL PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
 PIEZO-RESISTIVE STRAIN GAUGE
 CAPACITIVE
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
 OPTICAL

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

I. INTRODUCTION
Pressure is defined as a force per unit area, or is the force exerted by an object on a
certain area. Pressure results from molecules exerting a force by impacting over a
defined area. The relationship is given by:

Pressure (P) = Force (F)
Area (A)

Atmospheric pressure is the amount of pressure that a column of air exerts on a body
due to the influence of gravity.

Vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous
pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. Vacuum pressure is pressure lower
than atmospheric pressure.
Hydrostatic pressure is the amount of pressure that a column of liquid exerts on a body
due to the influence of gravity.

Pressure (P) =Specific Gravity (S.G.) * Height (H)

The objects of pressure measurements are gas, liquid, and steam.
Modes of pressure measurement:

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

II. MECHANICAL PRESSURE SENSOR/TRANSDUCER

Bellows

Bourdon Piston

III. ELECTRICAL PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

D. LEVEL MEASUREMENT:

I. Level Transducer Selection Checklist

Key questions to ask before selecting a level measurement transducer:
 Are you measuring a liquid or solid?
 What are the application's temperature and pressure ranges?
 Is point level or continuous measurement required?
 What level measurement range do you need?
 Is the measured material electrically conductive?
 Will the material coat or build up on surfaces?
 Does turbulence, foam, or vapor occur at the surface of the liquid?
 Will you need contact or non-contact level measurement?
 What kind of output do you need–analog, relay, digital display, etc.?

II. Types of Level Transducer

Level measurement transducers fall into two main types:
 Point level measurement type is used to mark a single discrete liquid height–a

preset level condition. Generally, this type of sensor functions as a high alarm,
signaling an overfill condition, or as a marker for a low alarm condition.
 Continuous level measurement type is more sophisticated and can provide level
monitoring of an entire system. They measure fluid level within a range, rather than
at a one point, producing an analog output that directly correlates to the level in the
vessel.

III. Level Transducers
1. Point and continuous level detection for solids
1.1 Vibrating point
1.2 Rotating paddle
1.3 Admittance-type
2. Point level detection of liquids
2.1 Magnetic and mechanical float
2.2 Pneumatic
2.3 Conductive
3. Both for Point Level Detection and Continuous Monitoring of Solids and Liquids
3.1 Capacitance
3.2 Optical interface
3.3 Ultrasonic
3.4 Microwave

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts
4. Continuous level measurement of liquids
4.1 Magneto-restrictive
4.2 Resistive chain
4.3 Hydrostatic pressure
4.4 Air bubbler
4.5 Gamma ray

Note: Refer to Module 1-1 power-point regarding the details of Level Transducers.

E. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT:

1. INTRODUCTION:
 Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body measured on a
definite scale.
 Temperature Scales:

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

 Temperature Scales Conversion:

 Principle of Heat Transfer:
The effectiveness and sensitivity of any temperature sensor or transducer is due on the
principle of heat transfer. There are three (3) basic ways how heat transfers:
conduction, convection, and radiation.

2. Mechanical Temp. Sensors/Transducer
 Liquid-in-glass thermometers
 Filled-System thermometers
 Bimetallic thermometers

3. Electrical Temp. Sensors/Transducer
 Thermo-voltaic Elements (Thermocouple)
 Thermo-resistive Elements
 Temperature Sensitive Materials
 Pyrometers

Note: Refer to Module 1-1 power-point regarding the details of Mechanical Temp. Sensors /
Transducer and Electrical Temp. Sensors / Transducer.

F. FLOW MEASUREMENT:

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Information Sheet 1.1: Describe I & C Terminologies and Concepts

I. INTRODUCTION:
 Flow is actually the amount of fluid that passed a given point. Flow Rate is the
amount of fluid that passed a given point at any given instant, while Total
Flow is the amount of fluid that passed a given point during a specific period
of time.
 Units of Flow:
Volume-based – Examples of volume-based metric units are cc/s, mm3/s, m3/hr,
cc/min, etc. English units include gal/s, gal/min (gpm), ft3/s, ft3/min (cfm), ft3/day,
etc.
Mass-based – Examples of mass-based metric units are g/s, kg/s, kg/min,
kg/hr, etc. English units include oz/s, lb/hr (pph), tons/hr (tph), etc.

II. OPEN CHANNEL FLOW SENSOR/TRANSDUCER
This type of flow measurement is applicable in irrigation systems, dams, water
treatment facilities, desalination plants, etc. It basic principle is forcing the fluid
to pass a specific design of barrier and measuring the rise of its level in an
adjacent still-well, the higher the level at the still-well, the higher also the flow-
rate.
 WEIR
 FLUME

III. ENCLOSED PIPE FLOW SENSOR/TRANSDUCER
 HEAD FLOWMETER
 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FLOWMETER
 VELOCITY FLOWMETER
 MASS FLOWMETER

Note: Refer to Module 1-1 power-point regarding the details of Open channel Flow Sensors /
Transducer and Enclosed channel Flow Sensors / Transducer.

G. SUMMARY:

In interpreting work instructions regarding the installation of I&C devices, a technician must have
the knowledge of the fundamentals of instrumentation and control technology. These are
contained in this information sheet.

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Worksheet 1 – 1: Fundamentals of Instrumentation and Control

Learning outcomes:
1. Describe instrumentation and control terminologies and principles.

Learning Activity:
1.1 Identify instrumentation and control terminologies.
1.2 Explain and apply instrumentation and control principles.

Note: Use Module 1 – 1 (Information Sheet or Powerpoint Presentation) to answer the
following questions.

I. Multiple Choice: Write the LETTER (ALL CAPITAL FORM) of the your answer on the

space provided.

_________1. Which of the following orifice bore is applicable only for clean fluids?

A. Eclectic C. Concentric
B. Eccentric D. Parabolic

_________2. Which type of weir is applicable for very large open channel flow rate?

A. Flume C. Rectangular
B. V-notch D. Orifice

_________3. What type of flow has a Reynolds number of 2010?

A. Laminar C. Turbulent
B. Transitional D. Viscous

_________4. Which of the following units of flow will vary when temperature and pressure
vary?
A. kg/s
B. gal/s C. tons/hr
D. lbs/hr

_________5. Which of electrical temperature elements has NTC response?

A. Thermocouple C. Thermistor
B. RTD D. Bimetallic

_________6. Which of the following is not a mechanical temperature sensor/transducer?

A. Bimetallic thermometer C. IR thermometer
B. Filled-System thermometer D. Liquid-in-glass thermometer

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Worksheet 1 – 1: Fundamentals of Instrumentation and Control

_________7. Which of the level measurement transducers is considered as level gauge of
last resort?

A. Ultrasonic C. Microwave
B. Hydrostatic D. Gamma ray

_________8. A type of continuous point level transducer used for measuring highly volatile
and corrosive material applications:

A. Conductivity C. Capacitance
B. Ultrasonic D. Mechanical float

_________9. A type of continuous point level transducer used for applications with liquid
foaming and interfacing:

A. Air bubbler C. Resistive chain
B. Magnetorestrictive D. Hydrostatic pressure

_________10. Which of the following level measurement sensor/transducer is not applicable
for point detection of liquids?

A. Magnetic float C. Conductivity probe
B. Rotating Paddle D. Pneumatic float

_________11. Which of the following is not an electrical pressure transducer?

A. Strain gauge C. Electromagnetic
B. Capacitive D. Bourdon tube

_________12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good sensor?

A. Sensitive to measure property C. Not linear response
B. Not sensitive to other property D. Not influence the measured properly

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Worksheet 1 – 1: Fundamentals of Instrumentation and Control

II. Short Questions: Provide what is being required for each of the following items.

Write your answers on the space provided.
1. You are tasked to replace a 0 – 30 psi range (pound per square inch) scale

pressure indicator in a machine, but the only available pressure indicators are in
kPa (kilo Pascal) scales. What can be the range of the possible replacement
pressure indicator? _______________________

2. You are tasked to replace a 0.2 – 1 kg/cm2 range (kilogram per square centimeter)

scale pressure indicator in a machine, but the only available pressure indicators are
in inches WC (Water Column) scales. What can be the range of the possible
replacement pressure indicator? _______________________

3. Explain the relevance of the Automatic Control Concept in instrumentation and
control:

4. Differentiate a Sensor, from a Transducer, and from a Transmitter:

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Information Sheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

Learning outcomes:
1. Interpret work instructions for the installation of instrumentation and control devices

Learning Activity:
1.1 Identify ISA – P&ID Instrumentation tags.
1.2 Interpret ISA – P&ID Instrumentation symbols.

International Society of Automation:

originally, Instrument Society of America.
is a leading global nonprofit organization in automation that develops standards;
certifies industry professionals; provides education and training; publishes books and
technical articles; and hosts conferences and exhibitions for automation
professionals.

Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID):
is developed by ISA, based on S5.1 standard.
is a detailed diagramatic representation of the control system showing the plant equipment
and the instruments and their relationship to each other.
is used by technicians and engineers in maintaining and modifying the industrial process it
represents.

Lists of typical items found in P&ID:
Instrumentation and designations
Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
All valves and their identifications
Process piping, sizes and identification
Vents, drains, fittings, sampling lines
Permanent start-up and flush lines
Flow directions
Interconnections references
Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
Interfaces for class changes
Computer control system input
Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others

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Information Sheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

Example of P&ID:

ICD
TAG

SIGNAL
LINE

MAIN MAIN
PROCESS PROCESS
PIPELINE EQUIPT

© 2010 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

I&C DEVICE TAG IDENTIFICATION

Each Instrument and control devices to be identified is
designated by a functional identification or alphanumeric code
or tag number. The loop identification part of the tag number
generally represent the process where ICD is included. A suffix
or prefix may be added to complete the identification

First Succeeding Loop Suffix
Letter Letter Number (If used)

F RC 102 A

Functional Loop
Identification Identification

© 2010 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

I&C DEVICE TAG IDENTIFICATION:

• Instrumentation tag number is usually assigned by the instrument engineer during the
design stage of the plant or particular loop.

• These tag numbers expedite the purchasing and have many other uses most specially in
keeping of maintenance records.

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Information Sheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL BALOON IDENTIFICATION:

In drawings, the tag numbers are placed inside circles 10 mm in diameter.
These circles are called balloons. A horizontal solid line drawn across the center
indicates a board-mounted or panel mounted instrument, while a balloon without
a centerline identifies a local or field mounted instrument. If the instrument is
mounted behind or at the back of the panel a horizontal dashed line at the center
is placed.

EXAMPLES: 36 TIC 36 TIC
673 A 673 A
36 TIC
673 A

Located Behind the Panel Board Mounted Local / Field Mounted

© 2010 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

INSTRUMENT TAG IDENTIFICATION BALOON
General instrument or function symbols:

Primary Location Field Mounted Auxiliary Location Behind-the-panel
*** Normally *** Normally *** Normally
Accessible to Accessible to
operator Operator Inaccessible to
operator

Discrete
Instrument

Shared Display,
Shared Control

Computer
Function

Programmable
Logic Control

Note:

© 2010 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

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Information Sheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

SYMBOLS FOR PROCESS (CHEMICAL) EQUIPMENT & APPARATUS:
(according to DIN 30600 and ISO 14617)

© 2010 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

Miscellaneous Symbols:

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Information Sheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols
Control Valve Symbols:

Note: Refer to the attached ISA – P&ID Standard S5.1

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ECL724301 Instrumentation and Control Devices April 27, 2010 5

Worksheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

Learning outcomes:
1. Interpret work instructions for the installation of instrumentation and control devices

Learning Activity:
1.1 Identify ISA – P&ID Instrumentation tags.
1.2 Interpret ISA – P&ID Instrumentation symbols.

Note: Use Module 1 – 2 (Information Sheet or Powerpoint Presentation) to answer the
following questions.

I. Instructions: Identify the following instrument functional identification (refer to Table –
1 @ pp. 21-22 of ISA P&ID Standard S5. 1 and ISO 14617-6). Write
your answers on their corresponding spaces.

Functional Description
No.

Identification

1 FRC

2 LAHH
3 TSL

4 PDIC

5 AP

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Worksheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

II. Instructions: Identify I & C tag number and draw completely their corresponding
balloons with the following description ( refer to Table – 1 @ pp. 21-22
and pg. 29 of ISA P&ID Standard S5. 1 and ISO 14617-6). Write your
answers on their corresponding spaces.

No. Description I & C Tag Number /Balloon

1 Field Mounted Flow Indicating
Transmitter Loop # 10

Multivariable Recorder Computer
2 Function DCS Auxiliary Mounted

Loop #10

Primary Location Behind the Panel
3 mounted PLC Function Level Switch

High Loop #10

4 Auxiliary Mounted Position Indicator
Shared Display Loop # 10

Primary Location accessible to
5 operator mounted Event Alarm High

Shared Display Loop #10

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Worksheet 1 – 2: ISA – P&ID Identification and Symbols

III. Instructions: From Figure – 1 below, interpret the objects which the numbered arrows
were pointing (refer to ISA P&ID Standard S5. 1 and ISO 14617-6).
Write your answer on the corresponding spaces provided.

1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________

1 5
. .
2
.

3
.

4
.
FIGURE - 1

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

Learning outcome:
Describe instrumentation and control devices according to specification, function, and
operation.

Learning Activity:
Define and explain instrumentation and control devices manuals and specification
sheet.

CONTENTS:

A. Introduction
B. Definition of terms
C. Pressure measurement
D. Level measurement
E. Temperature measurement
F. Flow measurement
G. Summary

A. INTRODUCTION:

Have you seen the 80s movie, Rocobop? Well, it’s about this cop who was badly shot in one of
police operations, and in order to save him, he was made into cyborg, partly human and partly
machine. This concept is the principle behind any industrial automation system, where man
and machine use their best qualities for a common cause to improve the manufacturing,
maintenance, etc., and ultimately the existence of all living creatures.

Industrial automation has many allied technologies and one of them is Instrumentation and
control (I&C). One of the main tasks of an I&C technician is to install instrumentation and
control devices. And, its most important sub-task is to interpret work instructions related to
installation of I&C devices.

This information sheet contains the fundamentals of instrumentation and control technology
which are essential in the interpretation of work instructions.

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

B. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Industrial Automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided
human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,
industrial automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well. Industrial automation has two main categories, machine automation
and process automation.

2. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of mechanical, electronics/electrical, and
computer software engineering to automate a mechanize control system. It can be referred
to as machine automation.

3. Machine Automation are applicable for semiconductor manufacturing, building automation,
construction machineries, transportation controls (land, sea, air, space)
product packaging machineries, mining equipment controls, etc.

4. Instrumentation is collection of instruments or their application for the purpose of
observation, measurement or control. It can be referred to as process automation.

5. Process Automation is applicable for food processing, biomedical processes petrochemical
refinery, water treatment, pollution control, power generation, etc.

6. Observation is the output of the 5 senses of man. It is expressed in terms of qualitative
characteristics of a physical object or variable. In process automation, observation is derived
from the output of sensors. Figure – 1 below compares man’s senses to machine’s primary
elements.

7. Measurement is the output of man using a tool to determine qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of a physical object/variable. In process automation, measurement is the
output sensors connected to a transducer, indicator, and recorder. From Figure -1, we can
say that measurement is the product of senses and brain (primary and intermediate
elements).

8. Control is the output when man operates using his senses to observe an object or variable,
then use his intellect to give meaning and decide on a course of action, and finally use his
motor faculties to execute his course of action. In Figure – 1, it happens when the machine
elements operates to detect, process, react, and correct changes in control loop variables.

Note: Instrumentation and control is often defined separately because there are some
systems that do not involve observation and control, only observation and measurement.

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

AUTOMATIC CONTROL CONCEPT

MAN MACHINE

I. SENSES I. PRIMARY ELEMENT
• Eyes • Photocells
• Ears • Microphone
• Nose • Smoke Detectors
• Skin / Touch • Thermometers
• Tongue • Analytical Sensors

II. BRAIN II. INTERMEDIATE
• Intellect ELEMENT
• Will • Indicators
• Recorders
III. MOTOR FACULTIES • Controllers
• Hands
• Feet III. FINAL ELEMENT
• Body • Motors
Figure 1 – 1 • Cylinders

9. CONTROL SYSTEMS / LOOPS:

 Figure 1 – 2 and Figure 1 – 3 shows a typical heat exchanger control loops.

 The close loop has feedback. The intervention of the operator is less because it’s fully
automatic.

 The open loop has no feedback coming from the sensor and transmitter. Any changes
in controlled variable rely on the operator. This can be referred to as semi – automatic.

Figure 1 – 2: Close Loop Figure 1 – 3: Open Loop

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

10. CONTROL LOOP VARIABLES:

 Independent variables (IV) answer the question "What do I change?" In Figure 1 – 2,
the flow of the steam is the IV.

 Dependent variables (DV) answer the question "What do I observe?" In Figure 1 – 2,
the temperature of the water going out of the heat exchanger is the DV.

 Controlled variables (CV) answer the question "What do I keep the same?" In Figure 1
– 2, the temperature of the water inside the heat exchanger is the CV.

 Extraneous variables (EV) answer the question "What uninteresting variables might
mediate the effect of the Independent Variable on the Dependent Variable?" In Figure 1
– 3, the disturbances (energy loss and gain) in and out of the heat exchanger is the
EV.

11. PROCESS VARIABLES:

 Process variables are the objects of process automation (instrumentation and control).
 There are 4 Basic Process Variables; Pressure, Level, Temperature, and Flow.
 Other process variables such as density, force or weight, etc. can be derived from the

basic process variables.

12. ELEMENTS OF PROCESS CONTROL:

 Primary Elements senses or detects the control loop variables. In Figure 1 – 2, the
primary elements are the transducers - sensors and transmitter.

 Intermediate Elements receive signals from primary elements and provide
corresponding output signal either through indication/record or control action. In Figure 1
– 2, the intermediate elements are controller, recorder, and enunciator.

 Final Elements receive signals from a controller and execute corrective action to
manipulated variable. In Figure 1 – 2, the final element is the control valve.

Note:
With the current innovations in automation engineering and technology, instrumentation and
control devices manufacturers combine the functionalities of the different elements of process
control, for instance:

 Some instrumentation and control devices have primary, intermediate, and final
elements in 1 unit.

 Some instrumentation and control devices have primary and intermediate elements, and
some instrumentation and control devices have intermediate and final elements.

13. TRANSDUCER:
 A transducer is a device, electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic,
photonic, or photovoltaic, that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to
another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer.

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

14. SENSORS:
 A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
 Types of sensor; self – generating, and passive.
 Characteristics of sensor:
a. A good or ideal sensor is designed to be linear. The output signal of such a sensor is
linearly proportional to the value of the measured property.
b. If the output signal is not zero when the measured property is zero, the sensor has
an offset or bias. This is defined as the output of the sensor at zero input.
c. The sensitivity or gain is then defined as the ratio between output signal and
measured property. If the sensitivity is not constant over the range of the sensor, this
is called nonlinearity.
d. If the output signal slowly changes independent of the measured property, this is
defined as drift.
e. If the sensor has a digital output, the output is essentially an approximation of the
measured property. The approximation error is also called digitization error.

15. TRANSMITTER:
 In industrial process control, a "transmitter" is any device which converts measurements
from a sensor into a signal to be received, usually sent via wires, by some display or
control device located a distance away.

C. PRESSURE MEASUREMENT:

I. INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS PRESSURE?
 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
 MODES OF PRESSURE

II. PRESSURE SENSORS/TRANSDUCERS
 BOURDON TUBE
 SPRING AND PISTON
 BELLOWS AND CAPSULES
 DIAPHRAGM

III. ELECTRICAL PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
 PIEZO-RESISTIVE STRAIN GAUGE
 CAPACITIVE
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
 OPTICAL

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

I. INTRODUCTION
Pressure is defined as a force per unit area, or is the force exerted by an object on a
certain area. Pressure results from molecules exerting a force by impacting over a
defined area. The relationship is given by:

Pressure (P) = Force (F)
Area (A)

Atmospheric pressure is the amount of pressure that a column of air exerts on a body
due to the influence of gravity.

Vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous
pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. Vacuum pressure is pressure lower
than atmospheric pressure.
Hydrostatic pressure is the amount of pressure that a column of liquid exerts on a body
due to the influence of gravity.

Pressure (P) =Specific Gravity (S.G.) * Height (H)

The objects of pressure measurements are gas, liquid, and steam.
Modes of pressure measurement:

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Code No.
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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

II. MECHANICAL PRESSURE SENSOR/TRANSDUCER

Bellows

Bourdon Piston

III. ELECTRICAL PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

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Information Sheet 2-1: I & C Devices Specification, Function, and Operation

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