Undertaking agronomic crop maintenance and activities

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WEBSCRIPT Agricultural Crops Production NC III
UNIT 7
UNDERTAKE AGRONOMIC CROP MAINTENANCE AND ACTIVITIES
Objectives
Introduction At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. Assess agronomic crop condition, growth and requirements
LESSON 1 2. Apply fertilizer and amendments
3. Monitor crop condition, growth and requirements
4. Complete cleaning and hygiene operations
This unit covers the skills, knowledge, and attitudes required for maintaining

agronomic crops. It involves the process of assessing crop condition to identify
abnormalities caused by pests, weeds, soil nutrient deficiencies and soil conditions,
applying pests, disease and plant disorders and weed control measures to maximize
crop production and providing crop fertilizer requirements.

Monitoring agronomic crops is likely to be carried out under limited supervision
from others with checking only related to overall progress. It is usually done within
established routines, methods and procedures where some discretion and judgment
is required in the selection of equipment and materials, organization of work,
services, actions and the achievement of outcomes within time and budgetary
constraints.
ASSESS AGRONOMIC CROP CONDITION, GROWTH AND REQUIREMENTS

In this lesson, the content provide information about:

TOPIC 1 Crop monitoring condition, pest, and disease infestations
 Monitor Crop Condition
 Control pest and diseases infestation

Measurement of soil moisture for watering requirement
 Soil moisture content
 Water soil

CROP MONITORING CONDITION, PEST, AND DISEASE INFESTATIONS

Sub. Topic 1 Monitor Crop Condition

The monitoring of crop growth and performance during developmental stages is an
important aspect of agricultural management. It enables the farmer to implement
timely interventions that ensure optimal yields at the end of the season.

Stress factors often prevent crops from developing at the rate they are capable of.
Examples include:

 Poor water availability (e.g., due to in-season drought)
 Extreme temperatures (heat)

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 Competition among plants for sunlight, nutrients, water or space
 Nutrient deficiency (e.g., artificial fertilizer or manure)
 Uncontrolled use of chemicals (toxicity)
 Fungal, bacterial or viral infection
 Attack from insects or other organisms, above or below the ground
 Some of the above arise from shortcomings in labor investment on the plot

Figure: (A) Drought impact on rice plants; (B) Stunted maize plants in areas with
high soil salinity in the delta region of Bangladesh; (C) Lack of weeding; (D) Poorly
performing maize plants due to lack of fertilizer during sowing period; (E) Maize

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leaf infected with maize rust; (F) Leaf damage from grasshoppers (Source:
STARS AgriSense team / Tanzania Agricultural Extension Service)
https://www.stars-project.org/en/knowledgeportal/magazine/potential-uses-of-
remote-sensing-in-smallholder-context/monitoring-crop-growth-and-performance/

Sub Topic 2. Control pest and diseases infestation

Managing pests and diseases

Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their
rice crop to pests and diseases every year. In addition
to good crop management, timely and accurate
diagnosis can significantly reduce losses. If you are
facing a problem in your crop and need help with
diagnosis, seek advice from a professional or use the Rice Doctor.

Crop problems can be caused by other living organisms, like rats and fungus, or by non-
living factors, such as wind, water, temperature, radiation, and soil acidity.

Step 1 Practice good cleaning of equipment and field between seasons

Diseases can be spread between fields or between seasons if you do not take proper
precautions. After harvest, be sure to clean the harvesting equipment to prevent the spread
of infected plants.

Some diseases can live on the stubble between seasons and infect a healthy planted crop.
In general, plowing after harvest removes stubble that serves as remaining food and shelter
for pests, especially insects. In cases where your field was infested, you should remove all
stubble from the previous season (see disease section for more details).

Clean the bunds and patch all rat holes on bunds and around your field. If there are nearby
fallow fields or forested areas, you may want to have a community rat control effort or put up
trap barriers to keep rats from damaging your crop (see rat section for more details).

Ratooning (allowing your crop to sprout and continue growing after harvest) is not
recommended because diseases and insect hosts can be sustained from season to season.
It is best to clean the field of any crop and leave it fallow for a few weeks to a few months
before planting again.

Step 2 Use clean seeds and resistant varieties

Certified seed is recommended but if you can't get certified seed, use clean seed that does
not have any discolored seeds, weed seeds or other rice varieties mixed in.

Read: Choosing quality seed

Many varieties have been developed with resistance to different diseases. You should check
with your local extension agent or a nearby seed dealer to find out which resistant varieties
they carry.

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Use short-duration and resistant cultivars to decrease insect pest populations. In short-
duration cultivars, insects cannot compete as many generations, so populations may not
reach damaging levels. Resistant varieties experience less feeding damage on their leaves
and stems, which means less entry points for bacterial and fungal diseases.

IRRI has a major responsibility to develop rice varieties for the benefit of rice farmers and
consumers.

Step 3 Plant at the same time as your neighbors

Planting at the same time (or within a 2 week window) as the neighboring fields can help to
minimize insect, disease, bird, and rat pressure on individual fields.

Step 4 Do not over apply fertilizer

High nitrogen can increase susceptibility to certain pests and diseases that is why
specific fertilizer recommendations is very important.

Step 5 Encourage natural pest enemies

Overuse of pesticide is common among farmers and can actually lead to pest outbreaks.
Natural insect enemies of the rice pests are also killed when pesticides are applied and this
can lead to an outbreak of other rice insect pests. Other ways to encourage natural pest
enemies are to allow plants on the bunds and between fields to flower (yellow and white
flowers attract natural enemies).

Step 6 Do not apply pesticide within 40 days of planting

Generally, a rice crop can recover from early damage without affecting yield.
The diseases section show the information on specific diseases that require early
management.

Step 7 Properly store grain

Store grain at moisture content below 13-14%, preferably in an airtight container. Clean the
grain before storing so it is free of dust, chaff, and excessive broken grains. The storage
area should be clean and have a dampproof floor and waterproof walls and roofs. Ideally,
the storage area should be sealed to keep out rats and birds and to allow for fumigation if
necessary. Stack bags on a pallett with at least 50cm of space on every side of the stack.

Do not store grain for more than 6 months. Do not store new grain next to old grain that is
infested with insects. Store grain as paddy or rough rice because it is less prone to insect
attack than milled rice. Parboiled rice is also less susceptible to damage than raw rice.

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/growth/pests-and-

diseases

TOPIC 2 MEASUREMENT OF SOIL MOISTURE FOR WATERING REQUIREMENT
Sub Topic 1. Soil moisture content

Determination of Soil Moisture

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The simplest way to determine soil moisture content is by the "feel" method. By
feeling, squeezing and observing a handful of soil, one can determine the soil
texture. Based on the soil texture and depth of moist soil one can determine the
amount of moisture present in the soil. The only equipment needed is a shovel or
auger to obtain samples of the soil from the desired depths. Figure 3 outlines
determination of soil texture by the "feel method". The Brown Soil Probe is an
effective tool for determining the depth to which the soil is moist.

Effects of Moisture on Plant Growth

Moisture and germination
 Moisture availability has been regarded as the major factor determining the

onset of germination. Germination is assumed to start if the soil moisture content is
higher than 1.2 times Wilting point. As long as this condition is satisfied,
germination proceeds unhampered through its various phases, until at the end of
seven days germination is assumed to be completed and emergence occurs. If the
soil dries out to less than 1.2 times Wilting point within 4 days after the onset of
germination, the process is halted and will resume after rewetting from the point
where it stopped. If drying out occurs four or more days after the onset of
germination, deterioration of the germinating seeds takes place. If the dry
conditions persist for more than six days, the seeds are assumed dead and there
will be no crop established from that seed.
https://www.alberta.ca/soil-moisture-and-temperature-consideration.aspx
Management decisions to minimize soil compaction

 Soil compaction can be a serious problem for Iowa farmers, but with proper
farm management, compaction can be minimized. Remember to hold on soil tillage
operations until soil conditions are drier than field capacity and look into the benefits
of conservation tillage systems.

Top 10 Reasons to Avoid Soil Compaction

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1) Causes nutrient deficiencies
2) Reduces crop productivity
3) Restricts root development
4) Reduces soil aeration
5) Decreases soil available water
6) Reduces infiltration rate
7) Increases bulk density
8) Increases sediment and nutrient losses
9) Increases surface runoff
10)Damages soil structure

Source: Iowa State University Extension publication PM 1901g, Manure and Tillage
Management--Resource Conservation Practices

Effect of soil compaction on root growth at three different soil bulk densities: Low,
0.7 g/cm3; Medium, 1.1 g/cm3; High, 1.6 g/cm3 (Stephanie Nelson, Honors Program

project).
https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/soil-moisture-conditions-
consideration-soil-compaction

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Sub Topic 2. Water soil

Importance of water

Assessment, recommendation and guidelines

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(Screenshot from https:/www.pinoyrice.com/resources/learning-modules/)

ACTIVITY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovhaiSzGuTA
NO. 1
{Video Presentation of Soil Moisture Monitoring}
DRAG and DROP

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Lack of weeding Drought impact on rice Leaf damage from
plants grasshoppers
Poorly performing
maize plants Maize leaf infected Stunted maize plants
with maize rust

LESSON 2 Naming of Assessed Crop Condition
APPLY FERTILIZER AND AMENDMENTS
This lesson will walk you through the:

Pre-operational and safety checks and Crop growth requirement

 Pre-operational and safety checks for the selected tools, equipment and machinery
 Application of fertilizer, amendments and crops watering

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TOPIC 1 OHS hazard and risk in operation

 Control hazard and risk
 Selection of suitable PPE in operation

PRE-OPERATIONAL AND SAFETY CHECKS AND CROP GROWTH REQUIREMENT
Sub Topic 1 Pre-operational and safety checks for the selected tools, equipment and
machinery

New and experienced growers alike may often overlook the importance of regular
equipment checks and maintenance during the heat of the season

Whether you have been farming for 50 years or 50 days, you should start your work
day with a pre-operational check of your tractors before heading out to the field. By
checking your tractor
before using it, you could
prevent costly repairs,
down time and
aggravation. Before even
starting the tractor, go
through the following
checklist items:

Pre-Operational Checks for Tractors

Components Activities

Fuel level You always want to make sure you have sufficient fuel in the
tank.

Check your Make sure that the battery terminals are not corroded.
battery
Check your tires Not only should you check the air pressure but also make sure
that the lug nuts are tight and look at the condition (e.g.,
Loose or tread) of the tires. If you notice that you have low tire
defective parts pressure, look for air leakage from around the valve stem.
Take time to really examine the tractor to look for loose or
defectives parts such as a frayed or worn fan belt. Replace,
tighten or make necessary repairs before heading out to the

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field.

SMV Emblem If your SMV emblem is faded or distorted in color or shape, it
is time to replace it with a new SMV emblem to increase your
visibility to others.

Fluid leaks Look for any fluid leaks on the ground beneath the tractor.
Also check fluid levels for coolant, engine oil, and hydraulic oil
Operator's levels as well. You can do some very serious damage to your
platform area tractor if you run out of these fluids.
You may spend much of your day on the operator platform so
Fire check the steps to make sure you can get safely on and off of
extinguisher the tractor. Examine the area around the seat to make sure it
Lighting/flashers is clear of debris or tools that could cause you to trip. You
should have a ROPS on your tractor so always make sure
your seat belt is operable and that you buckle it.
Check your fire extinguisher to make sure it is charged.

Check headlights and warning lights/flashers to make sure all
of the lights are working and replace bulbs if necessary.

Visibility from Clean any dirty cab windows to provide the best visibility for

operator's seat you from the operator's seat.

You may think this will take too much time, but it is better to take the time rather

than have a break down in the middle of the road or to cause serious damage

(e.g., engine seizes) to your equipment.

https://extension.psu.edu/pre-operational-checks-for-tractors

Proper Calibration and Operation of Backpack and Hand Can Sprayers
Manually operated sprayers (hand pumps, hand cans, and backpacks) are
designed for spot treatment and for spraying smaller areas such as tree
seedlings, small lawns, or flower beds not suitable for power sprayers. As is
true for all sprayers used for application of chemicals, application accuracy with
backpack and hand can sprayers is affected by travel speed, nozzle type, and
spray pressure. Uniform distribution of sprays can be difficult even wit h training
and regular calibration. The three rules of application accuracy apply to all the
spraying equipment used, including manual Sprayer:

1. Maintaining a uniform walking speed is essential to keeping the application
rate relatively uniform throughout the operation. A higher travel speed will
result in a lower application rate.

2. Maintaining a uniform spraying pressure is also essential both for keeping
the application rate and the droplet size uniform during the application.

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Lowering the spraying pressure leads to higher application rates, and larger
droplets
3. Maintaining the optimum spraying distance between the nozzle and the
target.

Calibrating Manual Hand Can and Backpack Sprayers
 The directions on the chemical container label tell a user which application

rates give the best results. However, proper application rates will be attained only
if sprayers are in proper working order and are calibrated correctly. If the sprayer
is not accurately calibrated, too little or too much chemical may be appli ed,
resulting in unsatisfactory efficacy or damage or death of the target being treated
(such as tree seedlings, shrubs, or lawn).

 This fact sheet describes the steps for calibrating manual (backpack and
hand can) sprayers. Calibration of large boom sprayers for field crops, and small,
tractor-driven sprayers for forestry and turf sprayers are discussed in two separate
Ohio State University Extension fact sheets (FABE-520 and FABE 529,
respectively). Use the following link to search using the publication n umbers given
above: ohioline.osu.edu/findafactsheet

 There are several ways to calibrate a manual sprayer. Use the one
calibration method that you are accustomed to, if it happens to be different than
the procedure outlined in this publication. Regardless of the method used to
calibrate a sprayer, certain measurements will have to be taken, and some
important operational principles mentioned in this publication should be followed to
achieve maximum efficacy from the chemical applied.

Here is one way to calibrate manual sprayers:

Step 1. Measure and mark off an area equal to 1,000 square feet (such as 20 x
50 feet).
Step 2. Make sure the sprayer has been cleaned and thoroughly rinsed. Add a
measured amount of water to the tank, spray the area and then measure the
amount of water remaining in the tank. The difference between the amount in

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the tank before and after spraying is the amount used per 1,000 square feet.

An alternative method is to record the time required to spray 1,000 square feet
and later catch and measure the spray from the nozzle (or nozzles) used for the
same time period.

Step 3. Compare the measured application rate with the recommendation on
the pesticide label. If the difference between the recommended rate and the
measured rate is greater than 5 percent of the recommended rate, adjustments
should be made to bring the application error within +5 percent of the intended
(recommended) rate.

How to Eliminate an Application Error

The most practical way to correct an application error is to change the walking
speed. If needed, adjustments in spray pressure can also be done, but it may
take larger changes in pressure to eliminate large application errors. Do not
operate the nozzles outside the pressure range recommended by the nozzle
manufacturer. If reasonable walking speed and/or pressure changes will not
bring the application error below 5 percent of the intended (or recommended)
rate, the only option left to achieve the desired application rate is to replace the
nozzle with one that will produce the desired application rate under normal
operating conditions (speed and pressure) of the sprayer. However,
replacement of the nozzle may not be an option depending on the type of
manual sprayer you are using.

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EXAMPLE
You would like to spray a chemical at a rate of 1.5 gallons per 1,000 square feet
(based on label recommendations). To determine the actual application rate,
you marked off an area 20 by 25 feet (500 square feet). It took 2 minutes for
you to spray this area. Then you sprayed into a bucket for 2 minutes and
measured the amount of liquid in the bucket. It was 5.5 pints.
What is the application rate in gallons per 1,000 square feet and gallons per
acre?
What is the percentage application error?

First, convert 5.5 pints per 500 square feet to gallons per 1,000 square feet.
OR
If the rate on the label was given in gal/acre (instead of gal/1,000 square feet),
then you would need to convert 1.38 gallons per 1,000 square feet to gallons
per acre as follows:

Your application rate is 1.38 gallons per 1,000 square feet. It should have been
1.5 gallons per 1,000 square feet. This is an 8 percent application error, which
is unacceptable (more than 5 percent of the intended rate)

One way to remedy this problem is to slightly reduce your walking pace, and

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repeat the calibration steps outlined above until the application error (variation
between the intended application rate and the actual measured rate) is less
than 5 percent of the intended rate.

Although trial and error will eventually get you to the correct walking pace, you
can also calculate the correct walking pace to cut down on time that may
require completing the trial and error approach. Here is how you do the
calculations.

Since covering the 1,000 square feet calibration ground took you 2 minutes as
in the previous example, resulting in an under application by 8 percent, to
eliminate this error you need to reduce your walking pace by 8 percent. That
means, instead of 2 minutes (or 120 seconds) it took you to cover the
calibration ground, you now need to slow down by 8 percent of 2 minutes. That
is equal to 9.6 seconds (120 x 0.08). So, the exact time it should take you to
cover the calibration ground of 1,000 square feet is 110.4 seconds (120 – 9.6 =
110.4). Doing this should eliminate the application error, resulting in an
application rate of 1.5 gallons per 1,000 square feet as recommended on the
chemical label.

The second option to eliminate the application error of 8 percent, if changing
walking pace is not practical, is to change the spray pressure. In the case of the
example situation above, a slight increase in pressure (by depressurizing the
tank) will be necessary to increase the application rate from 1.38 gallons per
1,000 square feet to 1.5 gallons per 1,000 square feet.

Remember to repeat the calibration steps outlined above each time you change
either the walking pace or the pressure, until the difference between intended
application rate and the actual measured rate is less than 5 percent of the
intended rate.

https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/fabe-531

Sub Topic 2 Application of fertilizer, amendments
and crops watering
Sufficient nutrients from tillering to early panicle
initiation and flowering

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Assessment of sufficient nutrients from tillering to early panicle initiation and
flowering

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How to achieve sufficient nutrients from tillering to early panicle initiation and
flowering?

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(Screenshot from https:/www.pinoyrice.com/resources/learning-modules/)
Crops watering

Importance of water

Assessment, recommendation and guidelines

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TOPIC 2 (Screenshot from https:/www.pinoyrice.com/resources/learning-modules/)
OHS HAZARD AND RISK IN OPERATION

Sub Topic 1 Control hazard and risk

Farmworkers are exposed to numerous safeties, health, environmental, biological,
and respiratory hazards. These include hazards related to grain bins and silos,
hazard communication of chemicals, noise, musculoskeletal injuries, heat, and
others. Learn about controls and solutions related to these and other hazards.

Animal-Acquired Infections and Related Hazards

Agricultural workers may be exposed to animals that can transmit diseases.

Zoonotic diseases, or zoonoses, are diseases that can be transmitted from
vertebrate animals to humans.

OSHA maintains resources for employers and workers in operations that may
expose them to animals and animal-borne diseases, including:

Safety and Health Topics web pages:

 Anthrax
 Avian Flu
 Hantavirus
 Plague
 Tularemia
 Zika

Grain Bins and Silos

While safety issues surrounding grain bins and silos are sometimes overlooked on
farms, they pose many dangers. Farmworkers are exposed to suffocation or
engulfment hazards when working with grain bins and silos, as well as grain dust
exposures and explosions.

Hazardous Equipment and Machinery

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Farmworkers routinely use knives, hoes, and other cutting tools; work on ladders; or
use machinery in their shops. However, these simple tools can be hazardous and
have the potential for causing severe injuries when
used or maintained improperly.

 All tools should be maintained in good condition
and used according to the manufacturers'
instructions.

 Power tools must be properly grounded or double
insulated and all guards or shields must be in
place.

 Farmworkers should wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and
make sure that clothing has no strings or loose ends that could be caught by
machinery. Long hair should be tied back to prevent entanglement.

 In addition, shops should be well lit and have clear walkways to eliminate slips,
trips and falls.

Heat

Heat-related illness. HEAT ILLNESS CAN BE DEADLY.
Every year, thousands of workers become sick from
exposure to heat, and some even die. These illnesses
and deaths are preventable.

Ladders and Falls

OSHA's Fall Protection topics page and the National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health's Fall Injuries
Prevention in the Workplace site provide general
information on different types of fall protection. The following resources provide fall
protection guidance for farm workers and employers:

Musculoskeletal Injuries

Workers in agricultural operations for both crop and animal production typically use
repetitive motions in awkward positions and which can cause musculoskeletal
injuries.

Ergonomic risk factors are found in jobs requiring repetitive, forceful, or prolonged
exertions of the hands; frequent or heavy lifting, pushing, pulling, or carrying of
heavy objects; and prolonged awkward postures. Vibration and cold may intensify
these conditions.

Noise

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Thousands of workers every year suffer from preventable hearing loss due to high
workplace noise levels, and research has shown that those who live and work on
farms have had significantly higher rates of hearing loss than the general population.
In fact, farming is among the occupations recognized as having the highest risks for
hearing loss.

Employers can achieve noise reduction in several ways - usually related to the
maintenance of the equipment:

 Worn, loose, or unbalanced machine parts can increase decibel levels during
operation. Regular lubrication and parts replacement (bearings, mufflers,
silencers, etc.,) reduce friction and lower noise levels.

 Larger engines that can be operated at lower speeds reduce noise levels, and
may even conserve fuel.

 Vibration isolation pads may be installed under the legs of noisy equipment to
reduce noise generated by the equipment vibrating on a cement floor.

 Newer chainsaws and leaf blowers have flexible mountings to reduce vibration-
induced noise as well.

 Tractor and skid-steers can be purchased with sound reducing cabs and tightly
fitted cab doors and windows to reduce how much outside noise reaches the
operator.

 Acoustical materials may be installed on walls and ceilings to enclose sound.

Pesticide and Other Chemicals
Pesticide exposure. Pesticides pose risks of short- and long- term illness to
farmworkers and their families. Workers who mix, load or apply pesticides (known as
pesticide handlers) can be exposed to toxic pesticides due to spills and splashes,
defective, missing or inadequate protective equipment, direct spray, or drift.
Pesticides can present a hazard to applicators, to harvesters reentering a sprayed
field, to family members due to take-home contamination, and to rural residents via
air, ground water and food.
Pesticide protection. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oversees
pesticide use through the Worker Protection Standard (WPS). The WPS is a
regulation for agricultural pesticides which is aimed at reducing the risk of pesticide
poisonings and injuries among agricultural workers and pesticide handlers. The
WPS protects employees on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses from
occupational exposure to agricultural pesticides. The regulation covers two types of
workers:

 Pesticide handlers -- those who mix, load, or apply agricultural pesticides; clean
or repair pesticide application equipment; or assist with the application of

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pesticides in any way.
 Agricultural workers -- those who perform tasks related to the cultivation and

harvesting of plants on farms or in greenhouses, nurseries, or forests. Workers
include anyone employed for any type of compensation (including self-employed)
doing tasks -- such as carrying nursery stock, repotting plants, or watering --
related to the production of agricultural plants on an agricultural establishment.
Workers do not include office employees, truck drivers, mechanics, and any
others not engaged in handling, cultivation, or harvesting activities.
Hazard Communication. Chemicals must be properly labeled so farmworkers know
the identity and hazards of the chemicals they may be exposed to at work.

Respiratory Distress
Respiratory hazards. Respiratory hazards. Respiratory hazards in barns, manure
pits, machinery and silos range from acute to chronic air contaminants.
Changes to farming mechanisms have both improved working conditions and
increased exposure to respiratory hazards—mainly due to the increased density in
animal confinement.
Respiratory protection. Control of aerosols might include the enclosure and
ventilation of tractors, applying moisture to friable material, and respirators.

Unsanitary Conditions
The lack of drinking water, sanitation facilities and/or handwashing facilities can lead
to many health effects. Farmworkers may suffer heat stroke and heat exhaustion
from an insufficient intake of potable water, urinary tract infections due to urine
retention from inadequate availability of toilets, agrichemical poisoning resulting from
lack of handwashing facilities, and infectious and other communicable diseases from
microbial and parasitic exposures.

Vehicle Hazards
Proper operation of farm vehicles can reduce accidents, injuries and fatalities in
agricultural operations.

General vehicle safety
Vehicle operation

 Do not allow passengers to ride in the vehicle.
 Remove persons not involved in the activity from the site.
 Shut off vehicle for refueling.
 Park the vehicle whenever there is no driver inside, so that the motor is shut off,

the brakes are engaged, the transmission is in park-lock or in gear, the keys are

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removed, and the attachments are disengaged.
 All farm equipment traveling on any roadway should be equipped with an

approved Slow Moving Vehicle (SMV) emblem. Emblems should be clean and in
good shape.
 Use a standardized system of hand signals to communicate when noise and or
distance does not allow for verbal communication.
 Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) should be installed on equipment
where the user runs the risk of being struck by falling debris.
 Never tow an implement that is improperly hitched.
Vehicle Storage

 Store away from structures housing livestock-to reduce the likelihood of fire.
 Do not store with fuel storage tanks.
 Do not store with debris.
 Ensure that electrical lines are high enough for vehicles to pass below.
 Ensure there is an easy exit from the storage structure.
 Ensure the storage structure is lockable.
 Ensure the floor surfaces are smooth and clean.
 Remove keys from all vehicles.
 Do not allow non-employees or children into storage structures.
All-terrain vehicles (ATVs)
The National Safety Council has developed recommendations for using ATVs. The
recommendations include:

 ATVs with an engine size of 70cc to 90cc should be operated by people at least 12
years of age.

 ATVs with an engine size of greater than 90cc should only be operated by people at
least 16 years of age.

 Wear appropriate riding gear: DOT-, Snell ANSI-approved helmet, goggles, gloves,
over-the-ankle boots, long-sleeve shirt and long pants.

 Read owners' manuals carefully.
 ATVs are not made for multiple riders. Never carry anyone else on the ATV.
 Any added attachments affect the stability, operating and braking of the ATV.
 Just because an attachment is available doesn't mean that it can be used without

increasing your risk of being injured.
 Do not operate the ATV on streets, highways or paved roads.

Youth in Agriculture
OSHA's Youth in Agriculture eTool describes common agricultural hazards and offers
potential safety solutions that both employers and young workers can use to prevent
accidents and avoid injury on the job. In addition, the National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health has created the Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention Initiative to

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identify and support the research needed to prevent youth injuries on farms, as well as raise
awareness of the issue.
The Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division sets other restrictions, including child
labor laws, for youth in agriculture.
https://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/agriculturaloperations/hazards_controls.html

Sub Topic 2 Selection of suitable PPE in operation

Protective equipment for mixing and spraying
The amount and type of protective equipment required for spray operators is
determined by the:

 properties of the chemical to be used
 degree and duration of exposure
 weather conditions and
 application equipment to be used.
Over protection in some cases can be as bad as under protection. Conversely a
respirator left hanging around the operators neck is useless. Read the label for the
safety directions. Details about general use of the various type of protection
equipment given in the table below.

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http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/incrop-management-spray-application.pdf

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ACTIVITY INTERACTIVE VIDEO
NO.2

JOB SHEET https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y654mtxQKmY
NO. 1 {Video Presentation of Application of fertilizer}
Answering of following questions inside of the video
CALIBRATE MANUAL SPRAYERS

Job sheet no. 1

Title

Calibrate manual sprayers

Purpose To Calibrate manual sprayers

Supplies/Materials Measuring Tape, Manual fertilizer, Stake, Pesticide, water,
container

Procedure: 1. Go to the workshop area. Inform your learning facilitator that
you are ready for this activity.

2. Wear PPE for this activity
3. Prepare all tools, materials, and equipment for measuring

soil pH
4. Ensure that all the conditions within the workstation

conforms with Safety and Health
5. Measure and mark off an area equal to 1,000 square

feet (such as 20 x 50 feet).

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Assessment Method: 6. Make sure the sprayer has been cleaned and thoroughly
rinsed.

7. Add a measured amount of water to the tank, spray the
area and then measure the amount of water remaining in
the tank.

8. The difference between the amount in the tank before
and after spraying is the amount used per 1,000 square
feet.

9. An alternative method is to record the time required to
spray 1,000 square feet and later catch and measure the
spray from the nozzle (or nozzles) used for the same
time period.

10. Compare the measured application rate with the
recommendation on the pesticide label.

11. If the difference between the recommended rate and the
measured rate is greater than 5 percent of the
recommended rate, adjustments should be made to bring
the application error within +5 percent of the intended
(recommended) rate.

Face-to-face feedback from learning facilitator

LESSON 3 MONITOR CROP CONDITION, GROWTH AND REQUIREMENTS
TOPIC 1 In this lesson, the content provide information about:
Crop monitoring and requirement

 Maturity and health of crop
 Chances of chemical application
Time of harvest
 Cropping calendar
 Schedule of harvesting
CROP MONITORING AND REQUIREMENT
Sub Topic 1. Maturity and health of crop

Maturity index for fruits and vegetables

The principles dictating at which stage of maturity a fruit or vegetable should be
harvested are crucial to its subsequent storage and marketable life and quality.
Post-harvest physiologists distinguish three stages in the life span of fruits and
vegetables:

 Maturation, ripening, and senescence. Maturation is indicative of the fruit
being ready for harvest.

 Ripening follows or overlaps maturation, rendering the produce edible, as
indicated by taste.

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 Senescence is the last stage, characterized by natural degradation of the fruit
or vegetable, as in loss of texture, flavour, etc.

Some typical maturity indexes are described in following sections.

Skin colour:

This factor is commonly applied to fruits, since skin colour changes as fruit ripens or
matures. Some fruits exhibit no perceptible colour change during maturation,
depending on the type of fruit or vegetable. Assessment of harvest maturity by skin
colour depends on the judgment of the harvester, but colour charts are available for
cultivars, such as apples, tomatoes, peaches, chilli peppers, etc.

Optical methods:

Light transmission properties can be used to measure the degree of maturity of
fruits. These methods are based on the chlorophyll content of the fruit, which is
reduced during maturation. The fruit is exposed to a bright light, which is then
switched off so that the fruit is in total darkness. Next, a sensor measures the
amount of light emitted from the fruit, which is proportional to its chlorophyll content
and thus its maturity.

Shape:

The shape of fruit can change during maturation and can be used as a characteristic
to determine harvest maturity. For instance, a banana becomes more rounded in
cross-sections and less angular as it develops on the plant. Mangoes also change
shape during maturation. As the mango matures on the tree the relationship
between the shoulders of the fruit and the point at which the stalk is attached may
change. The shoulders of immature mangoes slope away from the fruit stalk;
however, on more mature mangoes the shoulders become level with the point of
attachment, and with even more maturity the shoulders may be raised above this
point.

Size and shape:

 Maturity of fruits can be assessed by their final shape and size at the time of
harvest.

 Fruit shape may be used in some instances to decide maturity.
 For example, the fullness of cheeks adjacent to pedicel may be used as a

guide to maturity of mango

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 Banana : angular shape changes to round

Colour:
 The loss of green color of many fruits is a valuable guide to maturity

Aroma:

Most fruits synthesize volatile chemicals as they ripen. Such chemicals give fruit its
characteristic odour and can be used to determine whether it is ripe or not. These
doors may only be detectable by humans when a fruit is completely ripe, and
therefore has limited use in commercial situations.

Fruit opening:

Some fruits may develop toxic compounds during ripening, such as ackee tree fruit,
which contains toxic levels of hypoglycine. The fruit splits when it is fully mature,
revealing black seeds on yellow arils. At this stage, it has been shown to contain
minimal amounts of hypoglycine or none at all. This creates a problem in marketing;
because the fruit is so mature, it will have a very short post-harvest life.

Leaf changes:

Leaf quality often determines when fruits and vegetables should be harvested. In
root crops, the condition of the leaves can likewise indicate the condition of the crop
below ground. For example, if potatoes are to be stored, then the optimum harvest
time is soon after the leaves and stems have died. If harvested earlier, the skins will

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be less resistant to harvesting and handling damage and more prone to storage
diseases.

Abscission:

As part of the natural development of a fruit an abscission layer is formed in the
pedicel. For example, in cantaloupe melons, harvesting before the abscission layer
is fully developed results in inferior flavoured fruit, compared to those left on the vine
for the full period.

Firmness:

A fruit may change in texture during maturation, especially during ripening when it
may become rapidly softer. Excessive loss of moisture may also affect the texture of
crops. These textural changes are detected by touch, and the harvester may simply
be able to gently squeeze the fruit and judge whether the crop can be harvested.
Today sophisticated devices have been developed to measure texture in fruits and
vegetables, for example, texture analyzers and pressure testers; they are currently
available for fruits and vegetables in various forms. A force is applied to the surface
of the fruit, allowing the probe of the penetrometer or texturometer to penetrate the
fruit flesh, which then gives a reading on firmness. Hand held pressure testers could
give variable results because the basis on which they are used to measure firmness
is affected by the angle at which the force is applied. Two commonly used pressure
testers to measure the firmness of fruits and vegetables are the Magness-Taylor and
UC Fruit Firmness testers (Figure 2.1). A more elaborate test, but not necessarily
more effective, uses instruments like the Instron Universal Testing Machine. It is
necessary to specify the instrument and all settings used when reporting test
pressure values or attempting to set standards.

The Agricultural Code of California states that “Bartlett pears shall be considered
mature if they comply with one of the following: (a) the average pressure test of not
less than 10 representative pears for each commercial size in any lot does not
exceed 23 lb (10.4 kg); (b) the soluble solids in a sample of juice from not less than
10 representative pears for each commercial size in any lot is not less than 13%”
(Ryall and Pentzer, 1982). This Code defines minimum maturity for Bartlett pears
and is presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Minimum maturity standard (expressed as minimum soluble solids
required and maximum Magness-Taylor test pressure allowed) of fresh Bartlett
pears for selected pear size ranges (adapted from Ryall and Pentzer, 1982).

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Pear Size* 6.0 cm to 6.35 £ 6.35
cm cm
Minimum Soluble
Solids (%) Maximum Test
Below 10% Pressure (kg)
10% 8.6 9.1
11% 9.1 9.5
12% 9.3 9.8
9.5 10.0

*Pear size expressed as maximum diameter (cm)

Table 2.1 can be simplified by establishing a minimum tolerance level of 13%
soluble solids as indicator of a pear’s maturity and in this way avoid the pressure
test standard control (California Pear Bulletin No. 1, 1972, California Tree Fruit
Agreement, Sacramento, CA):

Figure 2.1 Pressure tester used to measure firmness of fruits and vegetables

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZInNTvWy-MQ

{Video presentation on How to test Apple Pressure}

Juice content:

The juice content of many fruits increases as the fruit matures on the tree. To
measure the juice content of a fruit, a representative sample of fruit is taken and
then the juice extracted in a standard and specified manner. The juice volume is
related to the original mass of juice, which is proportional to its maturity. The
minimum values for citrus juices are presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Minimum juice values for mature citrus.

Citrus fruit Minimum juice content (%)
Naval oranges 30
Other oranges 35
Grapefruit 35
Lemons 25
Mandarins 33

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Clementines 40

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/incrop-management-spray-application.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/11875654/Maturity_indices_of_fruits_and_vegetables

Sub Topic 2 Chances of chemical application
Managing Pesticide Resistance

Pesticide resistance can become a problem when the same chemicals are used
over and over to control a particular pest. After a period, the pest may develop
resistance to a chemical so that the chemical no longer effectively controls the pest
at the same rate, and higher rates and more frequent applications become
necessary until eventually the chemical provides little or no control. The best way to
manage pesticide resistance is to focus on three strategies: avoid, delay, and
reversal.

 Avoid the development of pesticide resistance problems with the use of
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, which reduce reliance on chemical
control.

 Delay resistance by using pesticides only when needed, as indicated by
monitoring, and when pests are at a susceptible stage. Delay can also be
achieved by using pesticides from different chemical classes (e.g.,
organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, biologicals, etc.) and rotating their
use.

 Reversal of some resistance can occur by allowing time between applications of
a class of pesticide to permit resistant populations to become diluted by pesticide-
susceptible individuals.

Key elements of resistance management include minimizing pesticide use, avoiding
tank mixes, avoiding persistent chemicals, and using long-term rotations of pesticide
from different chemical classes.

Minimize Pesticide Use. Minimizing pesticide use is fundamental to pesticide
resistance management. IPM programs incorporating pest monitoring in California,
New York, Maryland, Canada, and elsewhere have demonstrated 25 to 50%
reduction in pesticide use with an increase in crop quality.

Avoid Tank Mixes. Avoid combinations (mixes) of two insecticides or miticides in a
single application. Especially avoid mixing two insecticides with the same mode of
action, such as the organophosphates acephate and malathion; this increases

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TOPIC 2 selection for resistant pests. Such a 'super dose' often increases the chances of
selection for resistant individuals.

Avoid Persistent Chemicals. Insects with resistant genes will be selected over
susceptible ones whenever insecticide concentrations kill only the susceptible pests.
An ideal pesticide quickly disappears from the environment so that persistence of a
'selecting dose' does not occur. When persistent chemicals must be used, consider
where they can be used in a rotation scheme to provide the control needed and with
a minimum length of exposure.

Use Long-term Rotations. Resistance management strategies for insects, weeds,
and fungal pathogens all include rotating classes of pesticides (e.g., pesticides with
the same mode of action such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, etc.).
Pesticides with the same modes of action have been assigned the same group
number by their respective pesticide resistance action committees (IRAC
[Insecticide Resistance Action Committee], FRAC [Fungicide Resistance Action
Committee], and HRAC [Herbicide Resistance Action Committee]).

If there is only one chemical that is effective against a pest and other available
products are only marginally effective, a good strategy to follow is to use the
marginally effective materials at times when pest pressure is less severe and to
reserve the effective material for those periods of time when control must be most
effective.

http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r280390311.html
TIME OF HARVEST
Sub Topic Cropping calendar and Schedule of harvesting

How to develop a crop calendar:

Using a crop calendar allows better planning of all farm activities and the cost of
production.

A cropping calendar is a schedule of the rice growing season from the fallow period
and land preparation, to crop establishment and maintenance, to harvest and
storage.

The crop calendar allows a farmer to:

 plan for input purchase and use .
 develop cash flow budget for year.
 determine need credit and period requirement

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 determine labor requirements and plan for peak usage times
 organize contractors for land preparation and harvesting

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/pre-planting/crop-calendar
http://duckduckbro.com/2018/07/planting-calendar-for-the-philippines/

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Activity No. https://www.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/health/wellness-council/docs/Programs/Planting
3 Harvesting Times-ISU.pdf
DRAG AND DROP

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Lettuce Tomato String Bean Corn Rice
Patola Eggplant Ampalaya Pepper Pechay

JOB SHEET Naming of different crops and its planting season
NO. 2 Test Apple Pressure

Job sheet no. 2

Title

Test Apple Pressure

Purpose To Test Apple Pressure

Supplies/Materia Penetrator, fruit peeler, knife, pressure tester, pen, paper,
ls apple.

Procedure: 1. Go to the workshop area. Inform your learning facilitator

that you are ready for this activity.

2. Wear PPE for this activity

3. Prepare all tools, materials, and equipment for testing

apple pressure.

4. Ensure that all the conditions within the workstation

conforms with Safety and Health

5. The first step is to peel a patch of skin from each side of

the apple midway between the calyx end and stem end

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like this
6. peels should be between ½ and ¾ of an inch in diameter,

this can be done with a knife
7. there are different tips available for pressure testers be

sure to use
8. the bigger one for testing apples and smaller one for

testing pears
9. using the small tip when pressure testing apples will give

you readings that are five to ten pounds lower fly slow
steady downward
10. force to the peeled area of the flesh making sure that you
penetrate the fruit to the depth noted by the line
11. inscribed on the tip note the pressure flirt dial by pressing

the button and repeat the procedure on the other side of

the apple averaging the pressures from both sides of the

apple will tell you the overall pressure of the fruit

12. Submit the result of your testing

13. Maintain the cleanliness of the workplace

Assessment Face-to-face feedback from learning facilitator
Method:

LESSON 4 COMPLETE CLEANING AND HYGIENE OPERATIONS
Topic 1 In this lesson, the content provide information about:

Clean and store tools, equipment and machinery
 Maintenance of tools, equipment and machinery
 Update maintenance checklist

3 R's Management
 Manage waste materials
 Work reports

Clean and store tools, equipment and machinery
Sub Topic 1 Maintenance of tools, equipment and machinery

Farm Tools in Definition and Preventive maintenance activities
Horticultural
Operation Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of
Hand Tools animals or machines. They are being used in performing farm
activities which involve small areas like school garden and
home garden.

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Bolo How to Clean Your Garden Tools:
Spading Fork
Light hoe  shovel, spade, hoe, or even the blades on a hedge
Crowbar trimmer will be knock some of the rust off the blade
Hand Trowel
Pick-mattock  A whetstone is an ideal tool to use to keep all of the
Hand cultivator cutting edges of tools honed. It will work well to shovel,
Grab-hoe as well as many other common garden tools.
Hand fork
Spade  use the stone to find a way to stabilize the tool that you
Pruning shears want to work on.
Shovel
Rake  A bench vise is ideal. You will be able to clamp the tool
Knife into place at an angle, so you can work on it.
Axe
Sprinklers  Clamping the garden tool into place with a vise frees
Water pails both of your hands to use the whetstone and gives you
Sprayers
Wheel barrow more control over what you are doing.
Sickle  Apply a little lubricating oil to the end of the tool and

carefully begin to work the stone over the blade.
 Maintain a 30-degree angle between the stone and the

blade to form the ideal cutting edge for your tool.
 Not only will the edge become sharper, but you will

also be removing any pitting and rust that has formed
at the edge of your tool‘s blade.
 In instances where the moving parts of your garden
tools (such as with of any new pruners, shears, and
loppers) have frozen in place, like springs and pivot
joints,
 disassemble them first carefully break free any rust or
dirt that may keep the tool from functioning properly.
 Clean accumulated rust and dirt off all metal surfaces
with a wire brush.
 Remove stubborn rust from small tools with fine steel
wool.
 Using an old toothbrush with some lightweight
lubricating oil is a great way to work fresh oil into the
joints of most garden tools.
 Not only will this fresh oil helps your tool to work as it
was intended, but it will also prevent the formation of
rust.
 Use medium-grit sandpaper to remove rust on larger
tools such as shovels, spades, and hoes.
 Once your tools are cleaned, they're ready to be

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Farm sharpened. When sharpening, try to maintain the
Implements original factory bevel or angle.
 For pruners, use a whetstone because it produces a
Plows very sharp cutting edge.
Harrow  Depending on the type of whetstone, apply a few drops
Native wooden of oil or water to the stone.
harrow  With the beveled side of the blade against the stone,
Rotavator rub the sharp edge of the blade toward the stone in a
Common Farm curved motion, as if you were trying to shave off a thin
Equipment slice from the stone.
 When working with a file, stabilize the blades in a vise
Hand tractor or against a solid surface such as a work bench to
avoid injury and ensure an even stroke.
Four  Always push the file across the blade in a motion
away from your body.
 Move the file diagonally, so that its cutting teeth are
biting into the metal on the tool.
 When sharpening with a file, do not use oil; metal
filings will accumulate and clog the file's serrations.

These are accessories which are being pulled by working
animals or mounted to machineries (hand tractor, tractor)
which are usually used in preparation of land. These are
usually made of special kind of metal

 Ordinary plow and wooden harrow should be checked
thoroughly before use.

 Loosened bolts and nuts should be tightened firmly.
 Disc plow and harrow should also be lubricated on

their moving parts like bearings.

These are machineries used in horticultural operations
especially in vegetable production. They are used in land
preparation and in transporting farm inputs and products. This
equipment needs a highly skilled operator to use.

 Tractors should be tuned-up very well by and skilled
operator.

 Checking on their :
 oil,

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wheel  lubricant,
tractor  fuel and
 cooling system.
Water pump

Cautions!  Tools that are worn out should be separated and be fixed
immediately to avoid accident.

https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-14.html
Sub Topic 2 Update maintenance checklist

Maintenance Checklist of Tools, Equipment and Machinery

January-December 2020

COMPONE TASK RESPO FREQUENCY
NT NSIBLE D W M Q S REMA
PERSO * . RK

N A

.

1. Hand  Clean, Facility /

Tools  Check for damage In-
 Sharpen (selected tools) Charg
e

2. Farm  Ordinary plow and wooden Facility /
Implem harrow should be checked In-
ents thoroughly before use. Charg
e
 Loosened bolts and nuts
should be tightened firmly.

 Check for damage
 Disc plow and harrow

should also be lubricated on
their moving parts like
bearings.

3. Commo  Check for damage Facility / /
n Farm In-
Equipm  Tractors should be tuned-up Charg
ent very well by and skilled e

operator.
 Checking on their :
 oil,

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TOPIC 2  lubricant,
 fuel and
 cooling system.

Legend: *-After use D-Daily W-Weekly M-Monthly Q-Quarterly S.A-
Semi annually

https://www.casece.com/northamerica/en-us/resources/articles/the-pre-and-post-operation-equipment-inspection-checklist
https://www.casece.com/northamerica/en-us/resources/articles/the-pre-and-post-operation-equipment-inspection-checklist

3 R'S MANAGEMENT
Sub Topic 1. Manage waste materials

If you have heard of something called the “waste hierarchy” you may be wondering
what that means. It is the order of priority of actions to be taken to reduce the
amount of waste generated, and to improve overall waste management processes
and programs. The waste hierarchy consists of 3 R’s as follows:

 Reduce
 Reuse
 Recycle

Called the “three R’s” of waste management, this waste hierarchy is the guidance
suggested for creating a sustainable life.

“The three R’s – reduce, reuse and recycle – all help to cut down on the amount
of waste we throw away.
By refusing to buy items that you don’t need, reusing items more than once and
disposing the items that are no longer in use at appropriate recycling centers, you
can contribute towards a healthier planet.

The First ‘R’ – Reduce
The concept of reducing what is produced and what is consumed is essential to the
waste hierarchy. The logic behind it is simple to understand – if there is less waste,
then there is less to recycle or reuse.
Here are some of things you can do to reduce the waste:

1) Print on both sides of the paper to reduce paper wastage.
2) Use electronic mail to reach out to people instead of sending paper mail.
3) Remove your name from the mailing lists that you no longer want to receive.
4) Use cloth napkins instead of paper napkins.
5) Avoid using disposable plates, spoons, glass, cups and napkins. They add

to the problem and result in large amount of waste.
6) Avoid buying items that are over-packaged with foil, paper, and plastic. This

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excess packaging goes to waste.
7) Buy durable goods that have long warranty. They generally run longer and

save landfill space.
Number 3 deals with the problems created by living within a culture of consumerism.
This type of consumption driven culture also makes fulfilling the second “R” difficult,
but it is getting easier to do.

The Second ‘R’ – Reuse
Learning to reuse items, or re-purpose them for a use different then what they are
intended for is essential in waste hierarchy.
You may either reuse those items for your own use or donate so that others can use
them. You can reuse below items like:

1) Old jars and pots: Old jars and pots can be used to store items in kitchen.
They can also be used to store loose items together such as computer wires.

2) Tyres: Old tyres can either be sent to recycling station or can be used to
make tyre-swing.

3) Used wood: Used wood can be used as firewood or can be used woodcrafts.
4) Newspaper: Old newspapers can be used to pack items when you’re

planning to move to another home or store old items.
5) Envelopes: Old and waste envelopes can be used by children to make short

notes.
6) Waste paper: Waste paper can be used to make notes and sketches and

can be send to recycling center when you don’t need them anymore.
7) Items that can be donated to others include:
8) Old books: Your old books can be used by poor children or can be donated

to public libraries.
9) Old clothes: Your unwanted clothes can be used by street children or can be

donated to charity institutions.
10)Old electric equipment: Old electric equipment can be donated to schools

or NGO’s so that they can use them.
11)Rechargeable batteries: Rechargeable batteries can be used again and

again and helps to reduce unnecessary wastage as opposed to regular
batteries.
Apart from this, you can build a compost bin and reuse many waste items like used
tea bags. The waste
then degrades and turns into compost that help your plants grow and shine.

The Third ‘R’ – Recycling
The last stage of the waste hierarchy is to recycle. To recycle something means that
it will be transformed again into a raw material that can be shaped into a new item.

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One need to learn as to what products can be recycled and what not. By carefully
choosing the products that can be recycled, can be a first step towards efficient
recycling.

1) Buy products from market that are made up of recycled materials i.e. the
product should be environment friendly.

2) Buy products that can be recycled such as glass jars.
3) Invent new ways to recycle different items.
4) Avoid buying hazardous materials that could pose difficulty for you to recycle.

Buy non-toxic products, whenever possible.
5) Buy products that have been made from recycled material.
6) Use recycled paper for printing or making paper handicrafts.
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/reduce-reuse-recycle.php

Sub Topic2 Work reports

Sample Template of work reports

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TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
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https://www.smithchavezlaw.com/waste-management-report-template/waste-
management-report-template-4-2/

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https://www.google.com/search?q=Work+report+farm+Maintenance+Checklist+of+Tools%2C+Equipment+and
cCegQIABAA&oq=Work+report+farm+Maintenance+Checklist+of+Tools%2C+Equipment+and+Machinery+tem
EBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=OtrLXpWANteCmAWDq4iQCQ&bih=553&biw=1226&hl=en#imgr

E-Learning for AGRICULTURAL CROPS Date Developed:

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Module Title: Developed by:
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UNDERTAKING AGRONOMIC CROP
MAINTENANCE AND ACTIVITIES

ILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
GRICULTURAL SCHOOL

d+Machinery+template&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiVhbTVoM_pAhVXAaYKHYMVApIQ2-
mplate&gs_lcp=CgNpbW cQA1CYnQJYpKYC YJS0AmgAcAB4AIABqgSIAcEOkgEJMi0xLjMuMC4xmAEAoA
rc=YWNDL_4dWvCHoM

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TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKI
QUEZON NATIONAL AG

EQUIPMENT TYPE EQUIPMENT MAINTE
EQUIPMENT CODE Hand Tractor
LOCATION ACP-SO1
Support Service Are

ACTIVITIES MANPOWER Daily Every
Other D
1. Check crankcase oil
In-
2. Check the fuel tank charge/Maintenance

3. Check water in the In-
radiator charge/Maintenance

4. Check the oil in air In-
cleaner and clean. charge/Maintenance

5. Check the battery In-
terminals and water charge/Maintenance
level in the battery.
In-
charge/Maintenance

E-Learning for AGRICULTURAL CROPS Date Developed:

NC III May, 2020

Module Title: Developed by:
ANDY R. RAFOL
UNDERTAKING AGRONOMIC CROP
MAINTENANCE AND ACTIVITIES