WORLD WAR II

FINDING AIDS:
“WORLD WAR II”

FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Puncak Perdana Campus

No. 1 Jalan Pulau Angsa A U10/A,

Seksyen U10, 40150 Shah Alam,

Selangor Darul Ehsan.

FIRST ISSUE 2022/ COPYRIGHTS

Each of this publication shall not be reproduced, stored for production or transform into another form, either by electronic means,

Mechanics, photograph, recording and otherwise without the written permission of the

Faculty of Information Management.

ADVISOR

Prof. Ts. Dr. Mohamad Noorman Masrek

Dean of Faculty of Information Management

EDITOR

Datin Jannatul Iza Binti Ahmad Kamal.

COMPILER

Annis Arisha

Athirah Zulkifli

Nur Aqilah Harun

Nurkamilia https://fim.uitm.edu.my/
Nurul Noornuraiza

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to The Almighty God for providing us with the opportunity to obtain and
complete this project. We finally get to demonstrate a great and satisfactory result of our final year project thanks to the energy and time
given by God. This final year project reflects the hurdles and attempts that we had spent almost weeks together, and we certainly cannot
afford to complete it without the help and blessing of God.

It would be rude and offensive not to thank our adored lecturer, Madam Jannatul Iza Binti Ahmad Kamal, for her excellent
description of this project. She is repeatedly given ideas and instructions, which help all of us better understand what is going on. She is also
kept up to date on our project progress. This indicates that we are all aware of what needs to be changed and improved before the deadline.

The National Archive of Malaysia was without a doubt the most helpful for our final year project. This is due to the fact that the
majority of our materials are taken from Online Finding Aids, a website provided by The National Archive of Malaysia. They were
instrumental in completing our final year project. There are numerous archival materials that we were able to obtain and use to complete our
project.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

EXPLANATORY NOTES

This finding aids book is prepared to facilitate the retrieving and use of records and archival materials
related to the topic “WORLD WAR II”. Various of information can be obtained from both electronic and non electronic

sources. The list of available materials include record that related to a collection of types of images and documents.
The finding aids book aims to help researchers to find and obtain the desired material easily. All the

Materials are listed according to the type of collection that document simple inventory and description of
Selected materials. The content of this finding aids is based on the materials available in the National
Archives of Malaysia.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

ABBREVIATIONS

NO. Abbreviation Description
1. WW II World War II
2. AFP Army Forces of Philippines
3. LON League of Nations
4. UMNO United Malays National Organization
5. CPM Chinese Communist Party of Malaya
6. RAMD Royal Malay Army Regiment

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CHAPTER 1:
STORYLINE OF WORLD WAR

II

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

WW II IN MALAYSIA

During World War II, the Japanese seized Malaya. On December 10, 1941, FIGURE 1:
Japanese forces assaulted Singapore, and then by February 15, 1941, the Japanese LT. ABBAS BIN MD. SAID WHILE BEING A
had captured the Malay Peninsula and Singapore. During the Japanese occupation, MEMBER OF THE MELAKA STATE RELA TEAM
racial tensions among Malays and Chinese grew because Malays occupied (4TH SSVF MALAYA) IN 1938 (SHOT DEAD BY
numerous administrative posts while the Chinese were cruelly handled for their THE JAPANESE ARMY DURING THE SECOND
resistance efforts and support for China's battle of struggle against by the Japanese WORLD WAR IN SINGAPORE ON FEBRUARY 28,
in the 1930s.
1942).
When war broke out in the Pacific in December 1941, the British in IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 1999/0000258W
Malaya were absolutely unprepared. They had created a major naval base at
Singapore in the 1930s, expecting the increasing menace of Japanese naval https://fim.uitm.edu.my/
strength, but they had not expected an attack of Malaya from the north. Because of
the requirements of the war in Europe, Britain had almost no aviation power in the
Far East. As a result, the Japanese were able to assault with impunity from their
bases in French Indo-China, and despite tenacious opposition from British,
Australian, and Indian forces, they overran Malaya in two months. Singapore was
forced to capitulate in February 1942, with no land defences, no air cover, and no
water supply, causing catastrophic harm to British reputation. Brunei and British
North Borneo were also occupied.

CONTINUE…

The Japanese, like the British, had a racial policy. They saw the Malays as a colonists FIGURE 2:
emancipated from British imperialist domination, and they cultivated a limited version of Malay HISTORICAL STORY SERIES OF
nationalism, which earned them some cooperation among Malay government servants and THE ARMY "SECOND WORLD
intellectuals. (Almost all of the Sultans also worked with the Japanese, while subsequently claiming WAR" AT THE AUDITORIUM OF
that they did so unwillingly.) The Malay nationalist Kesatuan Melayu Muda, supporters of Melayu THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF
Raya, allied with the Japanese on the idea that Japan would unify and provide independence to the
Dutch East Indies, Malaya, and Borneo. The invaders, on the other hand, saw the Chinese as hostile MALAYSIA: 15.11.1986
foreigners and treated them harshly: up to 80,000 Chinese were slain in Malaya and Singapore of the
so sook ching (purification through pain). Chinese enterprises were seized, and Chinese schools were IDENTIFIED NUMBER:
either shuttered or destroyed. Not unexpectedly, the Chinese, commanded by the Malayan Communist 2002/0008946W
Party (MCP), formed the core of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), which became
the most powerful resistance force in the occupied Asian countries with British help.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LEGACY OF WW II

"During the Japanese occupation years of World War II, the shipping of basic FIGURE 3:
materials was confined to the very small amounts necessary for the Japanese economy," ARMED FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND
stated John H. Drabble of the University of Sydney. This resulted in the abandonment of WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF THE
significant areas of rubber and the closure of several mines, the latter of which were NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986
gradually impacted by a lack of replacement parts for machinery. Businesses,
particularly those controlled by Chinese nationals, were taken over and reallocated to
Japanese interests. Rice imports plummeted, and the populace concentrated their
energies on producing enough food to survive. Many labourers (many of whom
perished) were compelled to work on military projects such as the Thai-Burma railroad
building. Overall, the war period resulted in the disruption of the export sector,
widespread destruction of infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.), and a decrease in public
health standards. It also witnessed an increase in inter-ethnic conflicts as a result of the
Japanese's severe treatment of some groups, particularly the Chinese, contrasting to a
more friendly attitude toward indigenous peoples, among whom (particularly the Malay)
there was a developing feeling of extreme nationalism (Drabble, 2000).

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/ IDENTIFIED NUMBER:
2002/0008930W

CONTINUE…

"The accomplishment of the Japanese invasion persuaded us there was nothing FIGURE 4:
intrinsically better in Europeans," wrote Mahathir Mohamad. They may be vanquished, ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND
driven to grovelling in front of an Asian species, the Japanese." WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF THE

People are still killed by World War II munitions in Malaysia. According to AFP, "two NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA,
foreign employees at a Malaysian junkyard were murdered when a World War II explosive 15.11.1986
burst while they were chopping up the 100-kilogramme weapon." According to sources, the
deaths, a Bangladeshi and an Indian male, died of their injuries immediately after the IDENTIFIED NUMBER:
Tuesday bomb, which demolished the scrapyard and a hostel built above it and blew out 2002/0008920W
surrounding windows. The junkyard landlord told the Star daily that he bought the device
after it was discovered by a passerby in an open region just regional capital Kuala Lumpur, https://fim.uitm.edu.my/
not knowing it was an unexploded weapon.

CONTINUE…

When the British reclaimed control of Malaysia during World War II in FIGURE 5:
1945, they tried to define themselves as a long-lasting administrative authority. CHIEF MINISTER LEADS A WORLD WAR II
Political arrangements were frequently impacted by ethnic conflicts. The British
established the Malayan Union in 1946, making Sarawak and North Borneo MEMORIAL CEREMONY
crown territories. The structure was far more akin to colonisation than the
previous protectorate system. Many Malays were opposed to the system, and after IDENTIFIED NUMBER:
witnessing what the Japanese had did to them, the British did not appear to be as 2000/0003916S
powerful as they previously were.
https://fim.uitm.edu.my/
Britain began taking moves toward Malaysian independence in 1948,
when it decided that the only way to put down a communist rebellion was to
entice the populace with the prospect of self-rule. The Malayan states formed the
Federation of Malaya in 1948, and efforts were undertaken to prepare the
individuals who would manage the country.

According to Cheah Boon Kheng of the National University of Singapore,
Malaya was "Britain's major dollar earner." Her rubber and tin were valuable
assets in terms of cash profits from the United States, and Britain was hesitant to
give up this source of money so rapidly.

CONTINUE…

In January 1946, the British presented the Malayan Union proposal, which would FIGURE 6:
combine Singapore with the formerly distinct Federated and Unfederated Malay States, REGISTRATION FOR NATIONAL SERVICE
Penang, and Malacca to form a new colony. The blueprints were created in 1944, just
before the war ended. Non-Malays would have their naturalisation standards relaxed. BRIEFING OF PROCEDURE TP MR.
Many ethnic Malays rejected the idea, believing that they would become a minority JUSTICE H.T. ONG BY THE
group in the new state, including Malaysia's first political party, the United Malays
National Organization (UMNO), which was created in March 1946. Despite Malay COMPTROLLER OF MANPOWER, ENCIK
resistance, the British adopted the Malayan Union on April 1, 1946, however they S.KUMAR, CHINESE ASSEMBLY HALL
quickly explored altering it due to concerns about potential communist influence from
the primarily ethnic Chinese Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). REGISTRATION CENTRE, KUALA
LUMPUR; 6.1.1964

IDENTIFIED NUMBER:
2001/0024650W

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CHAPTER 2 :
FACTORS OF WORLD WAR II

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

The Treaty of Versailles

On the 28th of June 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed. To help defend itself from a potential FIGURE 7
German attack, France proposed compensation for damages, demilitarisation of the Rhineland region, and
the 'War Guilt Clause,' which placed responsibility for causing the war firmly on Germany's shoulders. HOUSES DAMAGED AS A RESULT
German troops were misled by the signing of the armistice at Compiègne that happened on 11 November OF BOMBING BY THE ALLIED,
1918, among internal political instability fueled by a civilian environment of battle exhaustion and famine. KUALA LUMPUR.
At the time, several prominent protestors were left-wing Jews. This does indeed support the theory of
Jewish Bolshevik duplicity, which grew tremendously after Hitler laid the psychological legwork for the IDENTIFIER NUMBER:
next war. 2001/0040265W

This treaty required Germany to acknowledge responsibility for the war and make compensation.
Germany lost land and later was barred from fielding a major military force. This treaty's indignity to
Germany laid the groundwork for the propagation of Ultra-Nationalism in Germany. As a result,
nationalistic Germans became broader-minded proposed by anyone who was given the possibility of
avenging the Versailles indignity.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

The Rise of Nazi

Hitler and his Nazi Party ruthlessly utilized the wave of anger over the unfairness of the FIGURE 8
Treaty of Versailles. Taking advantage of the ding done to German glory. Hitler promised to correct
the mistakes made by the Versailles Treaty. This has been compounded by the "us instead of them" WORLD WAR II,
propaganda. Throughout this scenario, the Aryans were the 'us,' whilst Slavic Eastern Europeans CHRISTIAN GRAVE AT JALAN
were the 'them.' VENING: 00.00.1945

Hitler capitalized on the Treaty of Versailles as well as the imperfections in German glory IDENTIFIER NUMBER:
caused by this and wartime destruction. He then established an important step of intense patriotic 2001/0040243W
identity. Across the decades of the Nazi power structure, they decided to seek a "conclusion" to the
"Jewish question,". The outcomes would turn into devastating results. He specifically linked the
impending war to the furtherance of the 'Lebensraum' to the east in May 1939, referring to all of
Central Europe and Russia east of the Volga.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

Economic Negative Growth

In 1923-1934, Germany was badly affected by economic collapse, which aided Hitler's FIGURE 9
initial professional growth. The Weimar Republic's inadequacy was identified by the worldwide
recession that struck in 1929, even though it recovered. The subsequent Great Depression aided in PICTURE OF MEMBERS OF THE FIRST
the creation of conditions, such as joblessness, that made possible the National Socialist Party's BATTALION OF THE MALAY MILITARY
potentially deadly emergence. Numerous citizens were jobless and barely making ends meet. This REGIMENT CONDUCTING BREN GUN
resulted in corrupt dictatorships and global chaos, which aided in the outbreak of World War II. TRAINING FOR AN AIRCRAFT
The late-twentieth-century Great Depression aggravated the issue by raising the prices of necessary DESTROYER IN SINGAPORE- 1938
products. (BEFORE WORLD WAR II)

High inflation-induced countless essentials, including bread, to get even more pricey than IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 1999/0000296W

they already were. This has fueled widespread discontent in the fragile Weimar Republic. Political

influence in Europe transitioned to autocratic and colonialist governments across several regions,

along with Germany, Italy, and Spain. In Asia, a resource-scarce Japan continued to spread

forcefully, entering China and Tanah Melayu attempting to establish an area of control in the

Pacific. https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

League of Nations Downturns FIGURES 10

In 1919, the League of Nations was established as an international organization to maintain THE (OLD) JASIN POLICE
peaceful coexistence. The League of Nations was unable to avoid the conflict among both member STATION BUILDING WAS BUILT
nations from erupting and disagreements from being solved through diplomatic negotiations. This is BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD
because it lacked an armed force within itself. To enforce its commands, it would have to focus heavily WAR
on financial sanctions as well as the armed forces of the member states.
IDENTIFIER NUMBER:
The unwillingness of the United States to take part weakened the League's strength and 1998/0004394W
legitimacy; the presence of a rapidly growing economy and military global power like the United States
may have given the League's expectations and queries additional weight. As a consequence, the League
of Nations was unable to repel either Japan's attack on China or Germany's attack on Czechoslovakia.
Since this league declined to respond, Imperial Japan, Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy allied to reclaim
imperial power, establishing the opportunity for a better global conflict. t was envisioned that all nations
would-be representatives, and that any disagreements between them would just be resolved through
negotiation instead of violent means. The League of Nations was indeed a great thing, however, it failed
spectacularly since not all countries are involved.https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

The Collapse of Appeasement FIGURE 11
PICTURES OF A VISIT TO HISTORIC
The British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, assumed that appeasement BUILDINGS AROUND JOHOR BHARU,
might be the only option to prevent a dispute. He quickly decided to join the Munich JOHOR, 3 OCTOBER 2005
Agreement once statements on Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia were formed.
Nevertheless, Hitler's total oppression of Czechoslovakia in 1939 galvanized European IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2008/0003245W
public opinion against him. Hitler was generally anticipated to demand Prussia and the
Courland Peninsula as well. Prussia was at the crossroads of Polish borders, which was https://fim.uitm.edu.my/
a source of concern. After that, France and the United Kingdom both declared their
independence. This is why, when Germany seized control in September 1939, France
and the United Kingdom launched an attack, officially starting second world war.

CHAPTER 3:
EVENT OCCURED DURING
WORLD WAR II IN TANAH

MELAYU

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

EVENT DURING 1941 - 1945

❖ World War II began for the Malay states on 8 Dec 1941, about 90 minutes before the

Japanese struck the US military installations at Pearl Harbor in the Territory of Hawaii.

Japanese and Thailand troops crossed the border and marched into Perlis, Perak, and

Kelantan. The conquest was rapid, despite the fact that the Japanese Army's jungle

training program (located in Taiwan) was only in its infancy, having been created in FIGURE 12:
December 1940. ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES

❖ The capital of the Federated Malay States, Kuala Lumpur, along with its large stores of “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE

food, fuel, and ammunition, was captured in mid-January 1942. Gordon Bennett and his AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL
ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986

Australian 8th Division staged several ambushes against Japanese troops, while

successful in causing casualties, they largely did not significantly slow the Japanese IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2002/0008945W

advance. Blown bridges, however, slowed the momentum, but the Japanese was still

able to reach as far south as Gemas on 15 January and Johor by the end of the month.

By the time the Japanese troops neared the border with Singapore, the Japanese had

suffered 5,000 casualties (2,000 killed), while the British lost the equivalent of two

divisions worth of men (casualties and captured).

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CONTINUE… FIGURE 13:
ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES
❖ Under Japanese occupation, ethnic tensions between Malays and Chinese “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
crystallized because Malays filled many administrative positions while the AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL
Chinese were treated harshly for their resistance activities and for supporting ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986
China’s war of resistance against the Japanese in the 1930s.
IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2002/0008952W
❖ The Chinese in Malaya and Singapore had a history of contributing great
amounts of monetary funding toward Chinese war efforts against Japan.
Thousands of ethnic Chinese civilians were massacred, with most of the
atrocities taking place in March 1942 during the sook ching ethnic cleansing.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CONTINUE… FIGURE 14:
ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES
❖ On 2 February 1942, Dutch East Indies based US B-17 bombers attacked “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
airfields at Kuantan and Kuala Lumpur. However, this attack would prove to AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL
be the only raid until early 1945 when US 20th Air Force began striking ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986
airfields and rail yards in Kuala Lumpur and other locations in Malaya.After
the war, communist movements were banned despite of their anti-Japanese IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2002/0008944W
efforts during the war. The Pahang Wataniah was reorganized as a territorial
force named Rejimen Askar Wataniah.

❖ In January 1943, Japan ceded the northern states of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan,
and Terengganu to Thailand. They were administered as Thailand provinces of
Syburi, Palit, Kalantan, and Trangkanu until the end of the war.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CONTINUE… FIGURE 15:
ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES
❖ In March 1943, Watanabe was replaced by Major General Masuzo “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
Fujimura. AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL
ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986
❖ In March 1944, Colonel Hiroshi Hamada succeeded Fujimura. Fujimura
and Hamada implemented friendly policies toward the locals. Hamada even IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2002/0008918W
established official relationships with Chinese community leaders and youth
groups. The occupation administration in general sought to assimilate the
locals.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CONTINUE…

❖ In March 1944, the time zone was changed to align with Japan, the Japanese FIGURE 16:
language was made the official language, and Japanese social customs such as ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES
bowing became required when local civilians encountered Japanese nationals. To “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
control information, all newspapers were combined into a new company, Penang AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL
Shinbun, which was run as a subsidiary of the Japanese news agency Domei ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986
Tsushin.
IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2002/0008942W
❖ In 1944, Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army leadership agreed to accept some
direction from the Allied South East Asia Command in exchange for weapons
and supplies, which would arrive beginning in the spring of 1945. A separate
resistance movement, Pahang Wataniah under the leadership of Yeop Mahidin,
was concerned with both resisting the Japanese occupation as well as secretly
protecting the Sultan Abu Bakar of Pahang from assassins sent by the Malayan
communists.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CHAPTER 4:
THE EFFECTS OF WORLD

WAR II

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

Increased Mortality

On August 6, 1945, during World War II (193945), an American B29 bomber dropped the first FIGURE 17:
atomic bomb used in the world in Hiroshima, Japan. The explosion has caused the death toll to be high
and has killed about 80,000 people instantly. Then, the number of subsequent deaths reached tens of PHOTO MAJOR KATO - HEAD
thousands as a result of the radiation exposure released. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another OF THE JAPANESE AIR FORCE
bomb on Nagasaki and this time killed about 40,000 people. In a radio speech on August 15, emperor FIGHTER AIRCRAFT UNIT
Showa who was an emperor at the time announced an unconditional surrender to World War II because INVOLVED IN THE SECOND
of the terrible power of the "new and most violent bomb." However, it is estimated that approximately WORLD WAR IN KOTA BHARU.
70,000 to 135,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000 to 80,000 in Nagasaki died from both acute exposure
to the blast and long-term side effects of radiation.

As we know, previous wars also involved civilian deaths, but World War II disproportionately
also affected them. In addition, almost half of the victims of World War II were civilians. However, the
casualties of the conflict are very uneven throughout the country and can have a major impact and
increase the number of deaths, especially in wars including war casualties, civilian casualties.

IDENTIFIER NUMBER:
1999/0000418W

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

Hunger Crisis

World War II may have had long-term impacts on the health of children and FIGURE 18:
adults, and as a result, the victims of the war are at risk of hunger. World War II causes PHOTO MEMBERS OF THE MALAY
several serious hunger crises and caused many casualties and can have long-term health REGIMENT WERE TRAINING IN THE
consequences for survivors such as the presence of chronic illness due to inadequate food SWAMPY AREA SHORTLY BEFORE THE
resources. For example, the nutritional situation of the non-German population in Poland SECOND WORLD WAR BROKE OUT.
was deplorable since the commencement of the German occupation.
IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 1999/0000287W
The average calorie intake of Poland in 1941 was about 930 calories. The
situation was the worst in the Warsaw Ghetto, where the average food ratio in 1941 was
limited to about 186 calories per day. This meant that food supplies remained cut off and
that the victims of the war had to sacrifice to survive and many were forced to abandon
or their property and move to new lands without compensation.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

Rise of the American Economy/Cooperation

The Progressive Democrats had an interest in controlling the U.S. government during FIGURE 19:
World War II, but most social and economic reforms served to dramatically increase defense
spending in a country. At the same time, almost all antitrust laws have been ignored to continue THE MILITARY'S HISTORICAL
the war efforts of the United States. Most factories and economic centers continue to extend the STORYTELLING SERIES “WORLD
standard working day to increase production, although labor laws have been put in place to WAR TWO" AT THE NATIONAL
prevent this issue. This is because the power of the United States is starting to increase. This led to ARCHIVES AUDITORIUM OF
a serious shortage of labor in most countries, as men were called to the forefront of MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986
decision-making in the army. Furthermore, the US economy has benefited greatly from World
War II. The United States was engaged in the war from 1941 (after the attack on Pearl Harbor) to IDENTIFIER NUMBER:
1945 (after the surrender of Japan). Almost every country in the world was affected during the 2002/0008949W
war. But for the American people, the war has brought about major changes in almost every aspect
of life, including the political, social, and economic situation.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

Social Changes

World War II changed the lives of many Americans. The war industry has had a positive FIGURE 20:
impact on the growth of new cities. Many countries have taken the initiative step by adjusting
their lifestyle to take advantage of the war. In addition, the presence of thousands of visiting WAR DAMAGE COMMISSION PENANG,
Canadian and American soldiers also changed the values and attitudes of humans after the wars. 1947
The establishment of foreign bases provided government committees with an unexpected amount .THE BRITISH MILITARY
of wealth used to improve social welfare. Progress has been made in healthcare, education, ADMINISTRATION (PTB). (AFTER WORLD
transportation, telecommunications and other areas. In Detroit, the automobile industry has WAR II)
shifted from car manufacturing to the manufacture of war machinery. In Washington, tens of
thousands of new workers deal with bureaucracy. Of the 15 million civilians who crossed state
borders during the war, more than 2 million went to California to work in the defense industry.
Besides that, living standards and clothes have changed to time over time. Ultimately, social
change in the 1940s helped shape the country's constitutional future for better progress.

IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2015/0000362W
https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

The Creation of the United Nations FIGURE 21:

The positive effect of World War II was the creation of the United Nations. The United Nations THE MILITARY'S HISTORICAL
(abbreviated to the UN) is an international organization established in San Francisco, California on STORYTELLING SERIES “WORLD
October 24, 1945, after the outbreak of the Second World War. The United Nations is an international WAR TWO" AT THE NATIONAL
organization designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, economic development, ARCHIVES AUDITORIUM OF
social progress, and human rights easier for countries around the world. The United Nations includes MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986
193 member states and its main headquarters is located in New York City. The United Nations was
built on top of the League of Nations, which caused the organization to develop several rules to prevent IDENTIFIER NUMBER:
the occurrence of hostilities among the countries. 2002/0008937W

It also approved the use of the United Nations to deploy troops as peacekeepers, which continues to
this day to protect their countries. In addition, to maintaining national peace and security, develop
friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equality and to solve
international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems to achieve the global cooperation.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CHAPTER 5:
IMPORTANT FIGURES OF
WORLD WAR II IN TANAH

MELAYU

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

Lieutenan Adnan

Adnan bin Saidi, better known as Lieutenant Adnan Saidi, was a
Malayan army member and the 1st Infantry Brigade soldiers who fought
with the Japanese in the Battle of Singapore. Born in Kampung Sungai
Ramal, Kajang, Selangor, in 1915. He was the eldest of three siblings. He
received his education in Pekan Sungai Ramal in the English stream. After
graduating, Adnan was selected as a trainee teacher and taught for over a
year.

In 1933, at the age of 18, Adnan Saidi joined the Royal Malay Army
Regiment (RAMD). A year later, he was selected as the best recruit and
honoured as the first Malay officer for his excellent service when he was
promoted to sergeant in 1936.

FIGURE 22:

ADNAN BIN SAIDI

IDENTIFIER NUMBER :

1999/0000296W

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CONTINUE…

On the evening of February 14, he felt something strange. His sharp FIGURE 23 :
eyesight and mind intelligence allowed Lieutenant Adnan to notice something HARI PAHLAWAN 1979, YANG DIPERTUAN AGONG
was wrong when he realized that the advancing turbaned army was moving in MELETAKKAN KALUNGAN BUNGA, TUGU
groups of four instead of three like the British Army. The fierce fighting in Bukit PERINGATAN NEGARA, KUALA LUMPUR: 31.7.1979.
Candu has urged Lieutenant Adnan to fight to the end using all types of weapons IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 2001/0045596W
available.

Realizing their ineffective tactics, the Japanese army launched a massive
attack in large numbers. The attack killed Lieutenant Adnan and his army. With a
much smaller number and lack of ammunition, the Malay Regiment was
defeated, and many were martyred. Although Lieutenant Adnan was killed, he
and his regiment managed to kill more than 800 soldiers.

The courage of Lieutenant Adnan Saidi with the contingent of 42
members of the Malay Army who have fought hard to defend the Pasir Panjang
ridge is an episode that now remains in the folds of history. Due to that, their
services are always remembered by the people of Malaysia and Singapore.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

COLONEL DATO’ YEOP MAHIDIN

Colonel Dato 'Yeop Mahidin or real name Yeop Mahidin bin FIGURE 24 :
Mohamed Shariff was born on February 20, 1918, in a village called FORUM 136: FEBRUARY 18 1985. NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF
Kampung Lambor Kiri in the district of Bota, Perak. He received his early MALAYSIA FIGURE: TENGKU OSMAN DATO’ YEOP AND
education in his hometown before furthering his education at Anderson WITH THE FIGURES OF WARRIORS GUERILLA FORCE 136
School in Ipoh, Perak State Capital, from 1928 to 1937. The late Yeop FORCE FORUM CONTAINS 136 TOGETHER FIGHTERS
Mahidin was known as an active student during his school days. GUERILLA FORCE 136. NARRATION BY FIGURES ABOUT
THEIR EXPERIENCES IN THE MILITARY TRAINING
He was a boxer before joining the Malay army. In 1940, the starting AROUND 1942 ; SUPPLIES MILITARY TRAINING
point for him to join the army. He was transferred to Kuala Lipis after being EXPERIENCES; TERRITORIAL MILITARY ROLE PAHANG
appointed Assistant District Officer there. His interest in the military never MALAYSIA MAINTAIN SOIL OF THE JAPANESE;
faded, and that led him to join the Local Volunteer Force, and he was also DESTINATION TERRITORIAL FORCE 136 AND READY TO
commissioned as a Junior Lieutenant in the force on his qualifications. ACCEPT THE ASSIGNMENT FOR EACH OPERATION; Q&A
When the Japanese began to invade Malaya, he had voluntarily formed a SESSIONS AND GIVE THEIR VIEWS.
force called Wataniah Pahang to oppose the Japanese occupation. The IDENTIFIER NUMBER: 1985/0008964W
members absorbed into this force were then trained by British Officers from
Force 136.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

CONTINUE…

Yeop Mahidin and his men damaged dozens of vehicles belonging to the Japanese army, and countless enemy lives
were taken away from them. His strength and courage in leading his men in the fight against the Japanese occupation have
proved that our heroes in the past were not intimidated by any resistance whatsoever.

When the war ended, Yeop Mahidin was promoted to Major, who at the same time was also appointed as the
Commander of the Local Volunteer Force. Along with his appointment, he was also offered to undergo a military course in
the United Kingdom but was rejected and subsequently replaced by two of his subordinates, namely Captain Abdul Razak
(Tun Abdul Razak) and Lieutenant Ghazali Shafie (Tan Sri Ghazali Shafie).

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

FILE NO. Accession Number Description
1. 2016/0009330W
LEFTENAN ADNAN WIRA
BANGSA, 2014

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

IMAGES Description
NO. Accession Number

1 2015/0000362W AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR, THE BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION (PTB)
2 2008/0003245W ESTABLISHED A WAR DESTRUCTION COMMISSION ON 1 JANUARY 1947 TO ASSESS
ALL CLAIMS OF WAR DESTRUCTION RECEIVED FROM THE MALAYAN POPULATION.
3 2008/0003238W PICTURES OF A VISIT TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS AROUND JOHOR BHARU, JOHOR, 3
4 2007/0038375W OCTOBER 2005

A DESCRIPTION BY ASSISTANT PRISON SUPERINTENDENT MR LETCHUMANAN AL/
PALANDY OF A MYSTERIOUS WELL ALLEGEDLY USED BY THE JAPANESE MILITARY
DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR WAS USED AS A PLACE TO CUT OFF PRISONERS'
HEADS.

PERANG DUNIA KE 2 PERANAN GERILA MELAYU, FORCE 136, [1993].

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

5 2007/0002857W KONVENSYEN SEJARAH NEGERI KEDAH - KEGIATAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN
6 2002/0008952W KESUSASTERAAN MELAYU MODEN DI KEDAH SELEPAS PERANG DUNIA KE 2
7 2002/0008949W HINGGA TAHUN 1980, 28 NOVEMBER-1 DISEMBER 1981
8 2002/0008946W
9 2002/0008945W ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986

THE MILITARY'S HISTORICAL STORYTELLING SERIES “WORLD WAR 2” AT THE
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AUDITORIUM OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986

HISTORICAL STORY SERIES OF THE ARMY "SECOND WORLD WAR" AT THE
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA: 15.11.1986

ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

10 2002/0008944W ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
11 2002/0008942W AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986
ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
12 2002/0008937W AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986
13 2002/0008930W
14 2002/0008924W THE MILITARY'S HISTORICAL STORYTELLING SERIES “ WORLD WAR 2 " AT
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AUDITORIUM OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986.
ARMED FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986
ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIAL

15 2002/0008920W ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF THE
NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986

16 2002/0008918W ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF THE
17 2001/0049506W NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986

PT. YAHYA BIN AHMAD, BEKAS AHLI FORCE 136

18 2001/0045596W HARI PAHLAWAN 1979, YANG DIPERTUAN AGONG MELETAKKAN KALUNGAN BUNGA,
19 2001/0040265W TUGU PERINGATAN NEGARA, KUALA LUMPUR: 31.7.1979.

HOUSES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF BOMBING BY THE ALLIED, KUALA LUMPUR.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIAL

WORL WAR II, HOUSE DAMGED AS A RESULT OF BOMBING BY THE ALLIED, KUALA
20 2001/0040262W LUMPUR; 21.03.1946
21 2001/0040243W WORLD WAR II, CHRISTIAN GRAVE AT JALAN VENING: 00.00.1945

REGISTRATION FOR NATIONAL SERVICE BRIEFING OF PROCEDURE TP MR. JUSTICE
H.T. ONG BY THE COMPTROLLER OF MANPOWER, ENCIK S.KUMAR, CHINESE
22 2001/0024650W ASSEMBLY HALL REGISTRATION CENTRE, KUALA LUMPUR; 6.1.1964
23 2000/0003916S CHIEF MINISTER LEADS A WORLD WAR II MEMORIAL CEREMONY

PHOTO MAJOR KATO - HEAD OF THE JAPANESE AIR FORCE FIGHTER AIRCRAFT UNIT
26 1999/0000418W INVOLVED IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN KOTA BHARU.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

27 1999/0000296W LIST OF ARCHIVAL MATERIAL
28 1999/0000296W
29 1999/0000287W ADNAN BIN SAIDI
30 1999/0000258W
PICTURE OF MEMBERS OF THE FIRST BATTALION OF THE MALAY MILITARY
31 1985/0008964W REGIMENT CONDUCTING BREN GUN TRAINING FOR AN AIRCRAFT
DESTROYER IN SINGAPORE- 1938 (BEFORE WORLD WAR II)

PHOTO MEMBERS OF THE MALAY REGIMENT WERE TRAINING IN THE
SWAMPY AREA SHORTLY BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR BROKE OUT.

LT. ABBAS BIN MD. SAID WHILE BEING A MEMBER OF THE MELAKA STATE
RELA TEAM (4TH SSVF MALAYA) IN 1938 (SHOT DEAD BY THE JAPANESE
ARMY DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN SINGAPORE ON FEBRUARY 28,
1942).

FEBRUARY 18 1985. NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA FIGURE: TENGKU
OSMAN DATO’ YEOP AND WITH THE FIGURES OF WARRIORS GUERILLA
FORCE 136 FORCE FORUM CONTAINS 136 TOGETHER FIGHTERS GUERILLA
FORCE 136. NARRATION BY FIGURES ABOUT THEIR EXPERIENCES IN THE
MILITARY TRAINING AROUND 1942 ; SUPPLIES MILITARY TRAINING
EXPERIENCES; TERRITORIAL MILITARY ROLE PAHANG MALAYSIA MAINTAIN
SOIL OF THE JAPANESE; DESTINATION TERRITORIAL FORCE 136 AND READY
TO ACCEPT THE ASSIGNMENT FOR EACH OPERATION; Q&A SESSIONS AND
GIVE THEIR VIEWS.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF FIGURES https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

NO. FIGURES DESCRIPTION PAGE
6
1. 1 LT. ABBAS BIN MD. SAID WHILE BEING A MEMBER OF THE MELAKA STATE RELA TEAM
(4TH SSVF MALAYA) IN 1938 (SHOT DEAD BY THE JAPANESE ARMY DURING THE SECOND 7
WORLD WAR IN SINGAPORE ON FEBRUARY 28, 1942).

2. 2 HISTORICAL STORY SERIES OF THE ARMY "SECOND WORLD WAR" AT THE AUDITORIUM
OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA: 15.11.1986

3. 3 ARMED FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF THE 8
NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986

4. 4 ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE AUDITORIUM OF THE 9
NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 15.11.1986 10

5. 5 CHIEF MINISTER LEADS A WORLD WAR II MEMORIAL CEREMONY

6. 6 REGISTRATION FOR NATIONAL SERVICE BRIEFING OF PROCEDURE TP MR. JUSTICE H.T. 11
ONG BY THE COMPTROLLER OF MANPOWER, ENCIK S.KUMAR, CHINESE ASSEMBLY
HALL REGISTRATION CENTRE, KUALA LUMPUR; 6.1.1964

LIST OF FIGURES

NO. FIGURES DESCRIPTION PAGE

7. 7 HOUSES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF BOMBING BY THE 13

ALLIED, KUALA LUMPUR.

8. 8 WORLD WAR II, 14
CHRISTIAN GRAVE AT JALAN VENING: 00.00.1945

9. 9 PICTURE OF MEMBERS OF THE FIRST BATTALION OF THE 15

MALAY MILITARY REGIMENT CONDUCTING BREN GUN

TRAINING FOR AN AIRCRAFT DESTROYER IN SINGAPORE-

1938 (BEFORE WORLD WAR II)

10. 10 THE (OLD) JASIN POLICE STATION BUILDING WAS BUILT 16

BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR

11. 11 PICTURES OF A VISIT TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS AROUND 17

JOHOR BHARU, JOHOR, 3 OCTOBER 2005

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

NO. FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES PAGE

DESCRIPTION

12. 12 ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE 19
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA, 20
15.11.1986 21
22
13. 13 ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE 23
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA,
15.11.1986

14. 14 ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA,
15.11.1986

15. 15 ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA,
15.11.1986

16. 16 ARMY FORCES HISTORY SERIES “SECOND WORLD WAR” AT THE
AUDITORIUM OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA,
15.11.1986

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF FIGURES

NO FIGURES DESCRIPTION PAGE

17. 17 PHOTO MAJOR KATO - HEAD OF THE JAPANESE AIR FORCE FIGHTER AIRCRAFT 25

UNIT INVOLVED IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN KOTA BHARU.

18. 18 PHOTO MEMBERS OF THE MALAY REGIMENT WERE TRAINING IN THE SWAMPY 26
AREA SHORTLY BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR BROKE OUT.

19. 19 THE MILITARY'S HISTORICAL STORYTELLING SERIES “WORLD WAR 2” AT THE 27

NATIONAL ARCHIVES AUDITORIUM OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986

20. 20 AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR, THE BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION 28
(PTB) ESTABLISHED A WAR DESTRUCTION COMMISSION ON 1 JANUARY 1947 TO
ASSESS ALL CLAIMS OF WAR DESTRUCTION RECEIVED FROM THE MALAYAN
POPULATION.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

LIST OF FIGURES

21. 21 THE MILITARY'S HISTORICAL STORYTELLING SERIES “ WORLD WAR 2 " AT THE 29

NATIONAL ARCHIVES AUDITORIUM OF MALAYSIA; 15.11.1986.

22. 22 ADNAN BIN SAIDI 31

23. 23 HARI PAHLAWAN 1979, YANG DIPERTUAN AGONG MELETAKKAN KALUNGAN 32
BUNGA, TUGU PERINGATAN NEGARA, KUALA LUMPUR: 31.7.1979.

24. 24 FORUM 136: FEBRUARY 18 1985. NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA FIGURE: 33
TENGKU OSMAN DATO’ YEOP AND WITH THE FIGURES OF WARRIORS
GUERILLA FORCE 136 FORCE FORUM CONTAINS 136 TOGETHER FIGHTERS
GUERILLA FORCE 136. NARRATION BY FIGURES ABOUT THEIR EXPERIENCES
IN THE MILITARY TRAINING AROUND 1942 ; SUPPLIES MILITARY TRAINING
EXPERIENCES; TERRITORIAL MILITARY ROLE PAHANG MALAYSIA MAINTAIN
SOIL OF THE JAPANESE; DESTINATION TERRITORIAL FORCE 136 AND READY
TO ACCEPT THE ASSIGNMENT FOR EACH OPERATION; Q&A SESSIONS AND
GIVE THEIR VIEWS.

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

INDEXES https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

A 6,19 I 15,16 R 31,21
Australian 9,15 Italy 6 Royal Malay Army Regiment
Asia 25,27,28 Indian 6
American Indian-China
Allied South East 23
Asia Command J 6,7,16,25 S 6,3
7,6, 17,19 Japan 13,14 Singapore 8
B 6 Jewish 9,19,20,23,32,33,34 Sydney 15
British 7 Japanese Spain
Britain 7 15
Borneo 15,16 K T 19
16,17 Kesatuan Melayu Muda The Weimer Republic
C 6,7,8,20,22 Taiwan
China 28
Czechoslovakia 28,29 U
Chinese 11
Canadian United States 16,27
California 6 11
Chinese Communist Party of Malaya 21 L United Nations 17,29
23 Lieutenant Adnan Saidi
D League of Nations 31,32 United Malays National Organization
December 14,15 16,29
Dutch East Indies 9,13,17
Domei Tsushin M 6,7,19,20 V 13
Malays 7 Versailles Treaty 26
E Melayu Raya 9 22,33,34
Europe Mahathir Mohamad 9,32 W
European Malaysia 23 Warsaw Ghetto
Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese
F 13,17 Army 6 Y
France 6 25 Yeop Mahidin
French 25 N 29
Federation of Malaya 33 North Borneo
Force 136 19 Nagasaki
Federated Malay States 14 New York
Nazi Party
13,15,16,26 P 15
G 15 Pacific 26
Germany 19 Poland 23
Great Depression Penang Shinbun 19
Gordon Bennett 14,15,17 Pearl Harbor
25
H
Hitler
Hiroshima

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Causes of world war II. (n.d.). Byjus. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/causes-of-world-war-2/

Daily Rakyat. (2022, February 28). Leftenan Adnan: Wira Negara Yang Tiada Gantinya. Retrieved June 10, 2022, from
https://dailyrakyat.com/leftenan-adnan/4135

Drishti IAS. (2020, July 10). World war II. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from
https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper1/world-war-ii#:~:text=The%20major%20causes%20of%20World,of%20the%20League%20of%20Natio
ns

Hays, J. (2015, June). MALAYSIA DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II | Facts and Details. Facts and Details. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from
https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Malaysia/sub5_4a/entry-3622.html

History.com Editors. (2009, November 18). Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. HISTORY; A&E Television Networks. Retrieved June 13, 2022, from
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki

History. com Editor, (2009, November 5) United Nations created. [Review of United Nations created]. HISTORY; A&E Television Networks. Retrieved June
14, 2022, from https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/united-nations-created

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Kiddy, A. (2016, August 9). 5 hero Malaya waktu WWII yang korang mungkin tak pernah dengar. SOSCILI. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from
https://soscili.my/5-hero-malaya-waktu-perang-dunia-kedua-yang-korang-mungkin-tak-pernah-dengar/
Marhaen, S. T. (2019, December 25). Yeop Mahidin: Pengasas Askar Wataniah. The Patriots. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from

https://www.thepatriots.asia/yeop-mahidin-pengasas-askar-wataniah/
Negative Effects on the U.S. Economy Caused by World War 2. (2021, March 6). World War 2 Facts. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from

http://www.worldwar2facts.org/negative-effects-on-the-u-s-economy-caused-by-world-war-2.html#:~:text=%20Negative%20Effects%20on%20the%20U.S.
%20Economy%20Caused
Simon Parkin. (2021, October 8). 5 major causes of World War two in europe. Historyhit. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from
https://www.historyhit.com/causes-of-world-war-two-in-europe/
Wikipedia contributors. (2022, May 26). Adnan bin Saidi. Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_bin_Said

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Social Impacts of WW II. (2020). Heritage.nf.ca. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/wwii-social-impacts.php

https://fim.uitm.edu.my/