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ACADEMIC

ENGLISH



Prepared by
marvin c. rotula, mmem

Unit 1: A PERFECT MATCH

A. READING TEXT


Have you seen the TV show, “The Bachelor?”
Do you have any idea what is this show all

about?



For those who don’t know, The Bachelor
provides one man — the eponymous bachelor

—a
group of twenty-five to thirty gorgeous women

from whom he must choose a wife—for all
intents

and purposes his life partner. Not a girlfriend,
a

wife. The goal of the show is to turn the
bachelor

into a married man.

The Bachelor is absolutely brilliant...just not at making
marriages. According to Wikipedia,

as of March 2015 only five lasting ideal partnerships have come
out of the twenty-nine seasons

of The Bachelor and its gender-reverse counterpart, The
Bachelorette, combined. But the show

is genius at a particular aspect of relationships: making people
think they’re falling in love. How

does the show do this? It’s easy to chalk it up to everyone being
ridiculously good-looking,

plus the impossibly romantic, expense-free dates. Rappelling
down the highest cliff in Bali and

then attending a private concert by the biggest local pop star,
anyone? Swimming in a cove of

endangered dolphins and then dining in a thousand-year-old
castle? A little adrenaline, a little
romance, and everyone’s in love!



 How about you? Are you willing to marry someone that you’ve
just met? Or

 Are you going to wait for someone even though it will take
time?

 Do you think there is such thing as perfect match?



Here are some of the famous couples in history that were
considered as a perfect match

ANTHONY &
CLEOPATRA
(41 BCE – 30 BCE)

They are arguably the most famous lovers in
history.

Marcus Antonius of Rome stood at the
pinnacle of power,

fighting to be the most powerful man in the
known world; and

Cleopatra VII Philopator was the queen of
one ancient

civilization, Egypt, and heir to the unmatched
cultural

achievements of another, Greece. The pair, in
fact, did marry in

36 B.C.E. In 31 B.C.E., while fighting a battle in
Actium, Anthony

heard a false news about Cleopatra’s death.
Not wanting to live

without her, he stabbed himself with
his own sword. When Cleopatra
learned about Anthony’s

death, she let herself be bitten by a
poisonous snake and was later found

dead. Their love affair,
their war together, their defeat and,
finally, their suicides have been told

and retold for centuries.

SHAH JAHAN & MUMTAZ MAHAL



(1607 - 1631)

In 1612, a teenage girl, Arjumand Banu, married 15-
year-

old Shah Jahan, ruler of the Mughal Empire. Renamed



Mumtaz Mahal, she bore Shah Jahan 14 children and
became

his favorite wife. After Mumtaz died in 1629, the
grieving

emperor resolved to create a fitting monument. It took
20,000

workers and 1,000 elephants nearly 20 years to
complete this monument-the Taj Mahal. Built
of white marble, the Taj sits on a sandstone platform. A

137-foot high dome tops the
mausoleum. The interior is lavishly decorated in lapis

lazuli, turquoise, agate, jasper, and
colored marble. The exterior is paved with
semiprecious stones that sparkle in the sun. The
surrounding garden contains four water channels

representing the four rivers of Islamic
paradise.

MARIE & PIERRE
CURIE

(1894 - 1906)

Because women were not able to attend university in Poland
in the 19th Century, Mary Sklodowska left Poland to study at

a
French University in 1891. Now known by her French name

Marie, she worked hard in a laboratory, catching the
attention of

Pierre Curie, the laboratory director. Mary and Pierre got
married

in 1895. Although they are poor, they were both devoted to
their

research and to each other. In 1898, the couple discovered
the

elements polonium and radium. They eventually won Nobel
Prize

for Physics in 1903 for the discovery of radioactivity. When
Pierre died in 1906, Marie honored

his memory by continuing their work. In 1911, Marie Curie
won another Nobel Prize, this time

for Chemistry. She was the first person to win the Nobel
prize twice.

DAVID & VICTORIA
BECKHAM


(1999)

David and Victoria met in 1997 after the Spice
Girl attended a Manchester United match at

David's
request. It was clear for all to see that they

were a
great couple from the start, and the media

began
referring to them as Posh and Becks. The

wedding
ceremony on July 4th 1999 saw them sitting

on
golden thrones and set Posh and Becks back

an
alleged £500,000. Soon after, they bought the
famous Beckingham Palace in Hertfordshire,

worth
an estimated £7.5 million. Both have excelled

in
their careers. David is one of the most capped

England players of all time, having
represented his

country 115 times, as well as captaining the
nation. Over an illustrious career, he has
played
for some of the best football clubs in the
world, including Manchester United, Real
Madrid and

AC Milan. Victoria on the other
hand was in one of the most
successful groups of all time with
the Spice Girls, and in 2011 was
named Designer of the Year at the

annual British Fashion
Awards. 'I think people saw the

real me...,' she told Harper's
Bazaar, 'and the truth is, I would
have felt much more comfortable
in my pajamas with the kids and

David in a hotel watching
it on TV.'

B. VOCABULARY

1. Gorgeous (งดงาม) -very attractive,
beautiful

2. Goal (เป้าหมาย) - an aim or desired
result

3. Ridiculous (ไร้สาระ) - so as to cause
surprise or disbelief.

4. Endangered (ใกล้สูญพันธ์)-ุ seriously
at risk of extinction

5. Pinnacle (สิขร) - the most successful
point

6. Unmatched (ไม่มีที)เปรียบ)-not
equaled

7. Empire (อาณาจักร) - countries ruled
over by a single monarch

8. Mausoleum (สุสาน) - impressive
building housing a tomb or group of

tombs

9. Discover (เปิ ด) -found unexpectedly
10. Illustrious (เลื)องลือ) - well known,

respected, and admired for past

achievement

Activity 1: True or

False.




1. All the marriages in the Bachelor are all

successful.

a. True b. False

2. Cleopatra and Anthony killed each other

because the hate each other.

a. True b. False

3. David and Victoria Beckham are

celebrities.

a. True b. False

4. Marie Curie won the Nobel Peace Prize,

twice.

a. True b. False

5. Mumtaz Mahal is the only wife of Shah

Jahan

a. True b. False

C. GRAMMAR SIMPLE
PAST
TENSE

The simple past tense is used to talk
about finished actions that happened

at a specific
time in the past. You state when it

happened using a time adverb.
You form the simple past of a verb by
adding -ed onto the end of a regular

verb but,
irregular verb forms have to be learnt.

SIMPLE PAST
TIMELINE

REGULAR VERB



The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular

past forms. The rule is the following:

Verb + ed

The spelling of the simple past form (-ed forms)
You will learn the spelling of the simple past form (-ed form.) But

before you continue
the lesson study the following examples and try to see how the

verbs are spelled.

Verbs ending in a...

1. silent e 2. vowel + y 3. consonant + y 4. other forms

close = closed play = played marry = married visit = visited
die = died destroy = carry = carried miss = missed
destroyed study = studied watch = watched
phone = phoned finish = finished
show = showed
fix = fixed
buzz = buzzed

The rules of the simple past tense forms:

Here are the rules:

1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past participle:

Example:
close=closed

2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle:

Example:
play=played

3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past participle

(the ' y' becomes an ' i' followed by /-ed/)

Example:

marry=married

4. All the other regular verbs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle.

Example:
visit=visited

Special cases of the -ed forms:

Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open, offer...)

1. If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word, double the consonant

stop – stopped
ban - banned
swap – swapped

2. If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it:

open - opened (Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'.)
offer - offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'.)

In British English we double the last 'l' of words like travel, cancel and level even
though the last vowel is not stressed. Here are some examples:

travel - travelled level - levelled
cancel – cancelled marvel - marvelled

A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb. There is
no rule for these verbs. You should learn them by heart.



Exercise 1: Complete these sentences. Use the verbs below. (regular Verbs)

chat - die - carry - end -
happen - live - open -
invite - plan - arrive -
start - phone - study -

watch

1. The concert last night ____________at 7.30
and _______________at 10 o'clock.

2. The accident ______________last Sunday
afternoon.

3. Mozart _________________from 1756 to 1791.
4. It was hot in the room, so I
_________________the window.

5. William Shakespeare __________________in
1616.

6. You _______ in England last week.
7. My mum _________ Russian at university.
8. I__________ you yesterday, but you weren't at

home.
9. Last night, Marga and Alice ________ their

holiday.
10. Tom __________us to his birthday party.
11. The children ___________ the books to the

classroom.
12. We_________the exam at half past three.
13. I___________to Jane about films and fashion.

Exercise 2: Put the sentences from the present into the past tense.

1. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. We _________to the
cinema last Sunday, too.

2. Tom always has a shower in the morning. Tom __________ a
shower this morning, too.

3. They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday they
__________, too.

4. They buy a new car every year. Last year they __________ a
new car, too

5. They always get up early. This morning they _________ up
late.

6. Bill often loses his key. He _________ one last Saturday.
7. I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week I ______ two

letters.
8. She meets her friends every evening. She ________ them

yesterday evening, too.
9. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday he ________ to

work by bus.
10. I usually read two newspapers every day. I only __________ a

newspaper yesterday.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

In English, the past tense ending –ed has
three different pronunciations.

 For verbs that end in the sounds p,k,f,s,ch,
or sh, pronounce the ending in /t/ as in
worked.
 For verbs that end in vowel sounds or
b,g,v,z,zh,th,j,m,n,ng,l,r pronounce the
ending
/d/ as in opened
 For verbs that end in the sounds d or t,
pronounce the ending /id/ as in wanted.

1. They traded something of value that they
possessed for something they needed.
2. What if no one wanted or needed it?

3. The first coins were produced in China,
and the first paper money appeared in
China.

4. Money called digital cash is already being
exchanged over the Internet.

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)

1. Choose a couple that you feel is a perfect
match.

2. They could include actors, musician,
politicians, athletes, and others.

3. Write a short essay about this couple,
explaining why they are perfect match.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online

sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font
size is 12, double space. Write at least 800

words.

Unit 2: RAGS TO RICHES

A. READING TEXT

According to Wikipedia, Rags to riches refers to any situation in
which a person rises

from poverty to wealth, and in some cases from absolute obscurity
to heights of fame, fortune

and celebrity—sometimes instantly.
Most of the rags to riches story are those who became instant

millionaire by winning
the lottery, or an heir who received his wealth from the demise of

his parents.
However, there are also those, who worked really hard to achieved

what they have right
now. They started from nothing and after countless

disappointments, heartaches, rejections,
sacrifices and hard work they were able to succeed.
Here are some of the rags to riches stories that we can get

inspiration.

AMANCIO ORTEGA
(66.5 billion USD)
Retail Clothing, Spain

Armancio Ortega is the founder and chairman of a
company that owns many stores including the enormously
popular international clothing store, Zara. He is Spain’s riches
man, Ortega is the son of the railroad worker and a maid, and
had no formal higher education. When Ortega was 13, he
worked as a delivery by for a shirt maker and later became the
manager of the clothing shop. He began making clothing in
his living room and selling it to local stores. Ortega had an
ability to predict what styles were going to be popular and
create these styles with inexpensive materials. In 1975, Ortega
opened his first Zara store. Zara gained a reputation for
selling designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today Ortega’s

company has more then 4,0000 stores in 71 countries.

J.K. ROWLING
(1.0 billion USD)

Publishing, United Kingdom

J.K. Rowling is the British author of
the wildly successful

Harry Potter series. Rowling, once
a single mother living on welfare,
is now a billionaire whose books

have been translated into 60
languages and have sold over 400

million copies worldwide. The
books also inspired a series of
billion-dollar movies. Her journey
from welfare mom to billionaire
author happened in less than five

years.

Rowling conceived the idea for the Harry Potter
series while

on a long train ride in 1990. She was poor that she
used to do her

writing on stained napkins at local cafés while her
infant daughter napped. Rowling reflects

that that was the dark period of her life and that
she had no idea that there was going to be a
fairy tale resolution.

LI KA-SHING
(29.4 billion USD)
Business, Hong Kong

Li was born into an impoverished family in
China in 1928.

When he was 15, his father died, forcing Li to
leave high school so that

he could work to support his family. He took
a job in a plastic

company, where he would work 16 hours a
day. At this company, li

used to assemble plastic flowers. By 1950, Li
had started his own

plastics manufacturing company. His
company prospered which led to

Li to expand his business into many
different fields.

reputation for being honest and generous. In fact, he is one of
Asia’s most prominent

philanthropists, and has announced plans to donate one-
third of his wealth to charity.

OPRAH WINFREY
(2.6 billion USD)
Entertainment,

U.S.A.

Oprah Winfrey was born in Mississippi into
extremely poor

family. Her mother was a maid, and her
father was a barber.

Winfrey lived in such poverty that she wore
dresses made of potato

sacks. Winfrey was a talkative girl who would
often pretend to

interview her dolls. She excelled in school
and won a college

scholarship. When she graduated, Winfrey
got a job reporting the

news which was popular that it was
broadcast nationally. The

Oprah Winfrey show now air in 135
countries, and is viewed by

about 46 million people. Winfrey also has a
magazine, a

production company and co-founded a
cable television network.

B. VOCALBULARY

1. Heir (ผ้สืบสายโลหิต) ู -a person who inherits or has
a right of inheritance in the

property of another following the latter's death.

2. Demise (อนิจกรรม) - death
3. Predict (ทํานาย) - foretell the future.
4. Reputation (ชื)อเสียง) - good name
5. Welfare (สวัสดิการ) - a government agency that

provide funds to those people in

need.

6. Journey (เที)ยว) -progress from one stage to
another

7. Impoverished (ข้นแค้น)- poor
8. Philanthropist (คนใจบุญ) -a person who gives

something for those in need.

9. Excel (เป็ นหนึ)ง) -to be better, to be the best
10. Scholarship (ทุนการศึกษา) - a sum of money or

other aid granted to a student for

education.

Activity 1. True or False

1. A person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous

donation of money to good causes.

c. True d. False

2. Armancio Ortega’s father is so rich that they don’t need to work to have money.

c. True d. False

3. J.K. Rowling is the writer of “The Lord of the Rings”.

c. True d. False

4. Oprah Winfrey was born in an extremely wealthy family.

c. True d. False

5. Li Ka-Shing’s family was from China before they moved to Singapore.

b. True b. False

C. GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT
VS PRESENT


CONTINOUS

What's the difference between the Present Simple / Present Continuous
and how to use them?

 We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed
habits or routines –

things that don't change. Structure: Subject + Verb (vI) + es/es

 We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening
at the present

moment, but will soon finish. Structure: Subject + is/am/are + Verb(+ing)

Exercise:

1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) ________ her kids to football practice.

2. Usually, I (work) _______ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study)
_____________ French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) ______________.

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) ___________________.

5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always) ___________________.

6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) __________________ because everybody (talk)
______________________ so loudly.

7. Justin (write, currently) ___________________________ a book about his adventures in
Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.

8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) _____________________ to a movie tonight with

some friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally) ______________________ printed by a company

in
New York. Their prices (be) ________ inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is

quite
good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) _______ made by a small chocolatier in Zurich,
Switzerland.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

Listen and practice the English /r/sound in these sentences

1. After breaking up the fight, the prince of Verona
gives a warning.

2. Romeo reveals himself and proclaims his love.
3. Romeo and Juliet are married in secret by Friar

Lawrence.
4. A furious and grieving Romeo then kills Tybalt.
5. Friar Lawrence’s letter never reached Romeo.

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)

1. Choose a famous and/or wealthy person.
2. Research information about this person’s
life, including the events that took the person
from obscurity to fame or poverty to wealth.

3. Write a biographical essay about this
person.

4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online
sources. Write your own

5. Font should be Times New Romans, font
size is 12, single space. Write at least 800

words.

Unit 3: THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER

A. READING TEXT

Considered to be one of America’s greatest
scientist in the field of Agriculture. Carver's reputation

is based on his research into and promotion of
alternative

crops to cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans, and sweet
potatoes, which also aided nutrition for farm families.

He
wanted poor farmers to grow alternative crops both as

a
source of their own food and as a source of other
products to improve their quality of life. He was
recognized for his many achievements and talents. In

1941, Time magazine dubbed Carver a "Black
Leonardo."

Carver was born into slavery in Diamond Grove,
Newton County, near Crystal Place, now known as Diamond,

Missouri, possibly in 1864 or
1865, though the exact date is not known. His master, Moses

Carver, was a German American
immigrant who had purchased George's parents, Mary and Giles,

from William P. McGinnis
on October 9, 1855, for $700. Carver had 10 sisters and a brother,

all of whom died prematurely.
When George was only a week old, he, a sister, and his mother were

kidnapped by night
raiders from Arkansas. George's brother, James, was rushed to

safety from the kidnappers. The
kidnappers sold the slaves in Kentucky. Moses Carver hired John

Bentley to find them, but he
located only the infant George. Moses negotiated with the raiders to

gain the boy's return, and
rewarded Bentley. In 1865, there were no longer slaves in the

United States, but George and
his brother continued to live with the Carvers. The Carvers gave him

as much education as they
could. At the age of 12, George left the Carvers to start life on his

own.
For the next 12 years, he worked whenever he could and went to

school whenever he
could. He managed to finish high school and won a scholarship to

go to Highland University.

However, when he appeared in the University, they refused to admit him because he
was black.

This did not stop Carver, he continued to work and save money. In early 1888, Carver
obtained

a $300 loan at the Bank of Ness City for education. By June he left the area.

In 1890, Carver started studying art and piano at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa.
His art teacher, Etta Budd, recognized Carver's talent for painting flowers and plants; she
encouraged him to study botany at Iowa State Agricultural College in Ames. When he began
there in 1891, he was the first black student. Carver's Bachelor's thesis was "Plants as Modified
by Man", dated 1894. Iowa State professors Joseph Budd and Louis Pammel convinced Carver
to continue there for his master's degree. Carver taught as the first black faculty member at Iowa

State.

In 1896, Booker T. Washington, the first principal and president of the Tuskegee
Institute, invited Carver to head its Agriculture Department. Carver taught there for 47 years,

developing the department into a strong research center and working with two additional
college presidents during his tenure. He taught methods of crop rotation, introduced several
alternative cash crops for farmers that would also improve the soil of areas heavily cultivated
in cotton, initiated research into crop products (chemurgy), and taught generations of black

students farming techniques for self-sufficiency.

From 1915 to 1923, Carver concentrated on researching and experimenting with new
uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, pecans, and other crops, as well as having his
assistants research and compile existing uses. This work, and especially his speaking to a

national conference of the Peanut Growers Association in 1920 and in testimony before
Congress in 1921 to support passage of a tariff on imported peanuts, brought him wide publicity

and increasing renown. In these years, he became one of the most well-known African
Americans of his time. The most popular of his 44 practical bulletins for farmers contained 105
food recipes using peanuts. He also developed and promoted about 100 products made from
peanuts that were useful for the house and farm, including cosmetics, dyes, paints, plastics,
gasoline, and nitroglycerin. He received numerous honors for his work, including the Spingarn

Medal of the NAAC.

Upon returning home one day, Carver took a bad fall down a flight of stairs; he was
found unconscious by a maid who took him to a hospital. Carver died January 5, 1943, at the
age of 78 from complications (anemia) resulting from this fall. He was buried next to Booker T.
Washington at Tuskegee University. Due to his frugality, Carver's life savings totaled $60,000,

all of which he donated in his last years and at his death to the Carver Museum and to the
George Washington Carver Foundation

B. VOCABULARY

1. Field (ด้าน) - area of interest of study.
2. Agriculture(การเกษตร) - growing food.

3. Admit (ยอมรับ) - allow to enter.
4. Support yourself(สนับสนุนตัวเอง)- earn

enough money to live.

5. Outstanding (เฉียบ) - better than most.
6. Struggle (ฝ่ าฟัน) - Trying to survive.
7. Soil (ดิน) - dirt in which plants grow.
8. Wore out (เสื*อมสภาพ) - used up.
9. Made an offer (ทําข้อเสนอ) -proposed
something.

10. Provide opportunities - give a chance.

Activity 1. Circle the letter of the best answer

1. Carver was _____________.

a. Born a slave c. A slave until he went to university
b. A slave until he was 12 d. A slave all his life.

2. Carver developed many uses for _______________.

a. Cotton c. Glue
b. Peanuts d. Soil

3. In the 1930’s, Carver was ______________.

a. A poor man c. Famous in other countries
b. Rich and popular d. Recognized all over the world.

Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is
false. Correct the false sentences.



1. George’s parents were Moses and Susan Carver T F
__________________________________________________.

2. Carver was the only black student at Iowa Agricultural College. T F
___________________________________________________.

3. Carver discovered more than 300 products for sweet potato. T F
___________________________________________________.

4. Carver was called the “Banana Man.” T F
__________________________________________________.

5. Carver gave all his life savings to George Washington Carver
Foundation after he died. T F

___________________________________________________.

C. GRAMMAR

JOB SUFFIXES

This suffix is commonly used to indicate a person who does a job related to the base
form of the word to which –er is added. There are no rules, on what suffix to attached on certain

jobs, although a number of patterns emerge. Unskilled or semi-skilled job-holders are often
denoted with ...er, whilst those in scientific or medical professions are often designated with

...ist.

But there are many exceptions.

The ...er suffix is very common, but so is ...or. The ...ist ending is also quite common,
but so is ...an. We also have ...ant (accountant, shop assistant, civil servant, flight attendant),
...man (postman, fireman, dustman, barman, draughtsman, fisherman), ...ess (waitress, hostess,

Headmistress) ...ee (trainee, employee) and ...ive (representative, machine operative), etc.

It is really a matter of learning them and knowing them. Learn them in word families,
for example, teach + er = teacher and bake + er = baker.

Exercise 3: Write the correct occupation

1. Someone who drives a car is a ___________________.
2. Someone who translates is a _____________________.
3. Someone who acts in movies is an ________________.
4. Someone who studies the mind is a _______________.
5. Someone who studies the economy is an ___________.
6. Someone who studies rocks and their formation is a ______________.
7. Someone who plays professional football is a _________________.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

(CONSONANT CLUSTER)

A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of consonants
which have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant blend which are groups of two or

three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound.
DIGRAPHS: these are some words that begin with common digraphs or blends.

1. bl - blab, black, blue 13. sh - shower, shade, shut
2. br - brace, bracelet, broom 14. sk - skate, skinny, skydive

3. ch - chain, chair, chin 15. sl - slab, slot, slow
4. cl - clad, claim, clear 16. sm - smack, smash, smog
5. cr - crab, crack, cracker 17. sn - snack, snow, sneeze
6. dr - drab, draft, drag
7. fl - flab, flush, flag 18. sp - spa, sponsor, spy
8. fr - fraction, fry, frugal 19. st - street, students, storm
9. gl - glad, gleam glue 20. sw - swab, swim, sweater
10. gr - grace groan, greet
11. pl - pray, pronoun, pry 21. th - thank, this, thorn
12. sc - scale, screw, scorpion 22. tr - trace, trolley, traffic
23. tw - tweak, twitter, twin
24. wh - whale, white, why

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)

The story of George Washington Carver is a narrative. A Narrative relates a story of
events or actions. Narrative puts events in time and tells us what happened according to a natural

time sequence (อนุกรม).

In a narrative, time order words and phrases are used to show the order in which events
happen.

Example:

first (second, etc.) eventually then
when next a few days later.

finally after afterward
meanwhile
in 1940 one day after a while

soon for the next 5 years

1. Write a narrative essay about yourself (life story)
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12,

double space. Write at least 800
words.

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Unit 4: TEA, ANYONE?

A. READING TEXT

There is a saying that the
British like a nice cup of tea in the


morning and a nice cup oftea at night.
They like a nice cup of tea with their
dinner and a nice cup of tea with their
tea, and before they go to bed, there’s

a lot to be said for a nice cup of tea!
Sometimes it seems that no one likes
tea quite as much as the British do.

But, in fact it is popular around the world especially in Asia. Tea is an aromatic beverage
commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis,

an evergreen shrub native to Asia. After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the
World.

Tea originated in the Southwest of China, the popular legend says tea was discovered
by Emperor Shennong. It was used as a medical drink. It became a popular drink throughout

China during the Tang Dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.
Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to the West during the 16th century. During

the 17th Century, drinking tea became fashionable among British people. There are many
different types of tea; some teas, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly
bitter, and astringent flavor, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty,

floral, or grassy notes.

In China and Japan, tea was first used as a medicine, it wasn’t until many years later
that people there drank tea as a beverage. Because tea had been considered a scared remedy, it

was always served with much ceremony. When Chinese first started drinking tea, they didn’t
use teapots. Instead, they put leaves and hot water into a small bowl with a cover. Drinkers

would bring the bowl to their lips and lift the cover very slightly with their forefingers just
enough to drink the liquid but not the leaves

In Japan, Tea drinking follows a very strict ritual that was set down in the 15th Century
by the first great master, Shuko. This tea ceremony is still performed today. Guest must wash

their hands and faces and remove their shows before entering the tearoom through a low
doorway that forces them to stoop and appear humble. As the guest kneel or sit crossed legged

on mats, the host places a spoonful of powdered green tea into a special bowl, adds boiling
water and then stirs it with a bamboo whisk. In early ceremonies guest drink in the same bowl
but later the host served it in individual bowls. The guest sips the tea slowly, they are expected
to throw back their heads and take a final sip with a loud sound to show how good the tea is.

In the UK, the British like to be formal and dignified when they serve tea. They served
black tea in China cups with handles and matching saucers. In Britain, tea is made in a pot,
using one teaspoonful of tea leaves for each cup plus one extra teaspoonful for the pot. Boiling
water is poured into a pot, and the tea is left for about 5 minutes before the host pours for the

guest.

Many interesting tea customs have developed over the centuries. In India, for example,
you might drink tea with a lot of milk, sugar, cinnamon and cardamom. The Burmese soak tea
leaves in oil and garlic and eat this mixture with dried fish. In Thailand, people chew tea leaves
seasoned with salt and other spices. In Iran, perfumed tea is a favorite. It is made by leaving
flowers or herbs in the tea container for several days. In Morocco, tea is prepared in bras or
silver teapot to which sugar and mint are added. Then the tea is served in small glasses with
mint leaves. If guests accept an offer of tea, they are expected to drink at least three glasses.

Regardless of where and how tea is prepared and served, many people consider it to be
an important part of their social life. Having a cup of tea provides reason of getting together
and sharing a moment of conversation. Tea may no longer be considered a sacred cure for all

illness, but it is a remedy for both the body and the spirit in our sometimes frantic lives.

B. VOCABULARY

1. Popular (ฮิต) - liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a particular
person or group.



2. Aromatic (หอมหวน) - having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
3. Medical (ทางการแพทย์) - relating to the science of medicine.

4. Merchant (พ่อค้า) - a retail trader; a store owner.
5. Beverage (เครื)องดื)ม) - a drink, especially one other than water.
6. Humble (อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน) - low estimate of one's own importance.

7. Whisk (ปัด) - beat or stir with a light rapid movement.
8. Mixture (สารผสม) - a substance made by mixing other substances together.
9. Container (ผอก) - an object that can be used to hold or transport something.

10. Frantic (บ้า) - wild or distraught with fear, anxiety, or other emotion.

Activity 1. Circle the letter of the correct answer

1. Tea ________________________________.

a. is taken in much the same
way everywhere.

b. has led to the development
of many different customs.

c. was popular as a social drink
before used as a remedy.

d. is popular in every country.

2. The tea ceremony in Japan ______________________.
a. is formal and complicated.
b. is similar to the British was of
serving tea.
c. was borrowed from the
Chinese.
d. is practiced whenever the
Japanese drink tea.

3. Regardless of the country, tea is __________________.

a. an important part of social life.
b. served very formally.
c. always offered to guests.
d. used as a medicine

Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false. Correct the

false sentences.

1. Tea was first used as a medicine in China and Japan. T F
__________________________________________________.

2. Drinking tea never became an important part of Chinese life. T F
___________________________________________________.

3. The British drink tea only in the morning and evening . T F
___________________________________________________.
4. In India, you might get cardamom in your tea. T F
___________________________________________________.

5. In Morocco, a guest is expected to drink only one glass of tea. T F
___________________________________________________.

C. GRAMMAR

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that is
happening/had happened/will happen. They also tell us how often and how long these actions

would be.
There are two types: An adverb that describes definite frequency is one such as
weekly/every week, daily/every day, or yearly/every year, etc. An adverb describing indefinite
frequency doesn’t specify an exact time frame; examples are always, usually, sometimes,

often, etc.

1. DEFINITE FREQUENCY
- Adverbs of definite frequency occur beginning or
the end of a sentence.

• The library is open every day.
• Every day, some employees go out for lunch.

• He visits his grandpapa every two weeks.
• The moon waxes and wanes every month.

• This medicine is to be taken hourly.

2. INDEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of indefinite frequency occur in the middle of the
sentence. Where exactly it is placed depends on the type of verbs in the sentence.
2.1. An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with to Be).

Subject + adverb + main verb

• I always remember to do my homework

• He normally gets good marks in exams

2.2. An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + to be + adverb

• They are never pleased to see me.
• She isn’t usually bad tempered.

2.3. When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the
adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb

• He can sometimes beat me in a race
• I would hardly ever be unkind to someone

• They might never see each other again
• They could occasionally be heard laughing.

2.4. We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:

Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally

• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.

2.5. BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:

Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

2.6. We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:

• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you’.

2.7. We use ever in questions and negative statements:

• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The

same as 'I have never been
Switzerland').

Exercise 1

1. Our teacher, Mrs. Jones, (never / be) late for lessons.
2. I (often / clean) my bedroom at the weekend.

3. My brother (hardly ever / help) me with my homework.
4. I (sometimes / be) bored in the math lessons.
5. We (rarely / watch) football on TV.

6. You and Tony (never / play) computer games with me.
7. You (usually / be) at the sports center on Sunday.
8. The school bus (always / arrive) at half past eight.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

(CONSONANT CLUSTER)

A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of
consonants which have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant blend which are groups

of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound.

TRIGRAPHS: is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a combination
of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters combined.

1. sch - schedule, scholar, school 6. spr – sprain, spring, sprite
2. scr – scram, scroll, screw 7. squ – squat, squirrel, squid
8. str – straight, strong, stripe
3. shr – shrank, shrub, shrimp 9. thr – thrash, threw, throne
4. sph – sphere, sphinx, spherical

5. spl – splashm split, splendor

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (Homework)

1. Write an essay about your culture and how it is
different from other countries.

2. Give examples of unique culture to us that can
never be found anywhere else.

3. Use the adverb of frequency in your essay.
4. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is

12, double space. Write at least 800
words.

Unit 5: FOOD CUSTOMS IN IRAN

A. READING TEXT

Food customs around the world are strongly
connected to culture, tradition, and geography. We can see

this in my country, Iran. It has a variable climate, which
gives us the advantage of having a large variety of foods

to eat. However, what we eat is still influenced by our
traditions and geography, as we can see in the similarities

and differences between the north and south Iran.

Many of the food customs are similar everywhere
in the country. For example, in both northern and southern
Iran, food is eaten with one’s hand and a piece of bread instead of using utensils. Rice is an
important staple food in Iran, and it is a part of almost every meal in both the north and the
south. Another similarity between the north and the south is eating fish, since both areas are
near seas: The Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south.

Because the north of Iran is quite different from the south, there are several differences
in eating habits between the two areas, northern Iran faces Caspian Sea where we find special

fish from which the famous caviar is made, which northerners love to eat. Because of the
Mediterranean climate in the north, rice is one of the major crops, and it plays an important
role at the table on northern Iran. It is served at all ceremonies. As a tradition, northerners
conduct a rice ceremony every year by putting rice twigs in the paddy and singing songs. In
southern Iran, which faces the Persian Gulf, a variety of seafood, especially the white fish,
make up the favorite dishes. Although rice is important ad a part of most meals, the south is
better known for its vegetables and fruits. Dates, in particular, are important and are a major

export to Western countries.

In conclusion, Iran is a large country with a diverse geography and people. As in all
large countries, a variety of customs can be found on all points of the compass. Food customs
in particular are influenced by climate and location, making Iran a very interesting country in

which to live and eat.

B. VOCABULARY

1. Climate (ภูมิประเทศ) - the prevailing trend of public opinion or of another



aspect of public life.



2. Advantage (ความได้เปรียบ) - the opportunity to gain something; benefit or profit.
3. Geography (ภูมิศาสตร์) - is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands,
features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and
planets.


4. Utensil (เครื)องมือ) - an implement, container, or other article, especially for


household use.


5. Staple (แกน) - a main or important element of something
6. Major (สําคัญ) - important, serious, or significant.
7. Tradition (ประเพณี) - the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation
to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
8. Variety (ความหลากหลาย) - a thing which differs in some way from others of the


same general class or sort; a type.


9. Diverse (หลากหลาย) - showing a great deal of variety; very different.
10. Influence (มีอิทธิพล) - the capacity to have an effect on the character,
development, or behavior of someone or something, or
the effect itself.

Activity 1. Write the correct answer in the blank. Use the words in the vocabulary section.

1. Frank was a good __________________ to her.
2. The use of drugs is a ______________ problem all over the world.

3. The ________________ of Thailand is very unique.
4. Nina went to the thrift store to buy some cooking _____________.
5. It is part of their _________________ to offer food for their dead relatives every all

souls day.
6. Rice is the ____________ food in Asia.
7. Philippines has a culturally ________________ population.
8. The current economic ____________ of the country is really good so far.

9. The companies with a computerized database are at an ______________.
10. The center offers a _________________ of leisure activities.

C. GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense is used to identify the connection between the present and the past. The
time that something happened was before or in the past, but is not clearly stated. And pay more

attention to the outcome than the action itself.

Present perfect tense ใช้เพื่ออระบุความเชื่อมโยงระหวางปัจจุบันและอดีต เวลาที่สิ่งนั้น ๆ เกิดขึ้น คือ ก่อนหน้านี้หรือในอดีตแต่ไม่ได้
ระบุไว้อยางชัดเจน ่ และให้ความสนใจกบผลลัพธ์มากกว่าตัวการกระทําเอง

PRESENT PERFECT is used to described:

1. What started in the past and continues to do today (สิ่งที่เริ่มต้นทําในอดีตและยังคงทําต่อเนื่องมาจนถึงปัจจุบัน)

- They haven't lived here for years.
- She has worked in the bank for five years.
- We have had the same car for ten years.
- Have you played the piano since you were a child?

2. When the period referred to has not yet been completed (เมื่อช่วงระยะเวลาที่อ้างถึงยังไม่เสร็จสิ้น)

- I have worked hard this week.
- It has rained a lot this year.
- We haven't seen her today.

3. A repetitive occurrence in a specific time between the past and the present. (สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นซํ้า ๆ ในช่วงเวลา
ใดเวลาหนึ่งที่ไม่ได้ระบุไว้อยางเจาะจงระหว่างอดีตและปัจจุบัน

- They have seen that film six times
- It has happened several times already.

- She has visited them frequently.
- We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

4. Something that was just done a moment ago (+ just). (สิ่งที่พึ่งทําเสร็จไปเมื่อสักครู่ที่ผานมา (+ ่ just)

- Have you just finished work?
- I have just eaten.

- We have just seen her.
- Has he just left?

5. Certain actions for which time are not important or clearly identified indicators. (การกระทําบางอยางที่ ่
เวลาไม่ใช่ตัวบ่งชี้ที่สําคัญหรือไมได้ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจน

- Someone has eaten my soup!
- Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?

- She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

D. WRITING ACTIVITY ( Homework)

1. Compare and contrast the food in two areas or regions of your country.
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least 800

words.

E. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
1. Report to the class the food in your country

Unit 6: ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD

A. READING TEXT

Do you speak English? That question is
frequently asked in countries around the world.

Although there are almost 3,000 languages,
English is the most universal. It is the official
language in over 40 countries and the most used
language in international business, science and

medicine.

Even in countries where English is not the
first language, a number of English words are
used. No other language is borrowed from more
often than English. For example, a French worker
looks forward to le weekend. A Romanian shopper

catches a ride on the trolleybus. A Chinese businessperson talks to on the te le fung (telephone).
Some Swedish school girls have started making plural forms of words by adding –s, as in
English, instead of the Swedish was of adding –ar, -or, or –er.

Hundreds of words borrowed from English can now be found in other languages, words
such as soda, hotel, gold, tennis, jeans, O.K., baseball and airport. Although many words are
used as they are, others are changed to make them more like the native language and therefore
easier to say and remember. Thus, a Japanese worker gets stuck in rushawa (rush-hour) traffic.
A Spanish mother tells her child to put on her suiter (sweater), and a Ukrainian man goes to the

barber for a herkot (haircut).

English is everywhere. It is on signs, clothing, soft drinks and household products
around the world. In spite of the popularity of English words and phrases, however, they are
not always welcome. Some people think that the use of English words is threatening the purity
of their native language, in 1975, the French started a commission to try to top and even give

fines for, the use of English words. Some countries have tried to eliminate English as their
official language in order to save their native tongue.

On the other hand, some people believe that English should be the international
language. They give a number of reasons for this, such as, the cost of translation and
misunderstandings that result from language differences. They believe that things would run

more smoothly if everyone spoke the same language.

“What would become of our many different culture?” others argue. “certainly the world
would be a much less interesting place,” they add. Indeed, there are serious concern on the part

of language experts that many languages are disappearing. In some parts of the world, only a
few people are left who can speak the native tongue, In Ireland, for example, there are only a
few small areas where people speak Gaelic, the native Irish language. One expert says that half

of the world’s languages are dying because children are no longer learning them.

Languages have changed and disappeared throughout history. With progress, change is
inevitable. Some things are worth preserving. Others are not. The difficulty is in deciding what

is worth keeping. Because people have a very strong feeling about the importance of their
native language, we probably will not have a universal language in the near future. What is
certain, however, is that English worlds will continue to pop-up everywhere, from Taiwan to

Timbuktu, whether some people like it or not.

B. VOCABULARY

1. Frequently (บ่อยๆ) - regularly or habitually; often.
2. Borrow (ยืม) - take and use (something that belongs to someone else)

with the



intention of returning it.



3. Threatened (คุกคาม) - in danger
4. Fines (ปรับโทษ) - punishment in the form of taking money.

5. Eliminate (กําจัด) - remove/ get rid of
6. Concern (กังวล) - worry

7. Dying (เฮือกสุดท้าย) - in decline and about to disappear.
8. Inevitable (แน่นอน) - impossible to stop
9. Preserve (อนุรักษ์) - take care of/ keep
10. Pop up (ปรากฏ) - appear

Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters. You
may use your dictionary.

1. UNDERSTAND

a. It is understandable that some people dislike foreign words in their language.
b. I ___________________ instructions because they used many words that I knew

from English.

2. SPEAK
b. English is ___________ in many countries around the world.
c. ____________ English can help you in business, science, and medicine.

3.HREAT
a. Some people feel that English is a __________ to their own native language.
b. Others feel that English does not ______________ other languages but can be an

international language.

C. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

TAG QUESTIONS

Tag questions are something like negative questions. They are used when
someone thinks he or she knows an answer and wants confirmation. There are two very
commonly used types of tag questions--one made from affirmative ( + ) sentences, the other

made from negative ( - ) sentences:

• He's from Italy, isn't he? /He isn't from Italy, is he?
• She speaks Estonian, doesn't she? /She doesn't speak Estonian, does she?

• They'd left when you arrived, hadn't they? /They hadn't left when you
arrived, had
they?

TAG QUESTIONS (INTONATION)

1. Falling Intonation 
When someone asks a tag question and the question tag has falling intonation, the
person who asks the questions is fairly sure that the statement before the tag ending is
correct. Because the person asking the question is not 100% sure, however, he or she still

wants confirmation.

• I have told you not to run, haven't I?  (Mother telling her son after her son falls.)
• It is a beautiful view, isn't it?  (...We are all enjoying it.)

• You know I hate this movie, don't you?  (...And yet we are watching it.)

2. Rising Intonation 

When someone asks a tag question and the tag has rising intonation, in a rising
intonation the speaker is not as confident of his/her statement and he/she is asking the other

person to find out about it.
• He didn't go to school yesterday, did he?  (Did he really go to school yesterday?)

• Jack paid for the dinner, didn't he?  (I hope he paid for the dinner... did he?)
• You told her I wasn't going to the party, didn't you?  (Did you forget to tell her?)