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Published by yap.stanley, 2021-03-24 23:16:44

Harvard Referencing Guide

Harvard Referencing Guide

Harvard Referencing
Guide

Handbook for SEGians

SEGi Group of Colleges Library ©2021

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 1

Contents
About this guide ........................................................................................................................... 2
When do I need to reference? ................................................................................................... 2
1.0 Books........................................................................................................................................ 3

1.1 Edited books........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Electronic books ................................................................................................................. 5
2.0 Journal articles........................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Electronic journals .............................................................................................................. 7
3.0 Newspapers ............................................................................................................................ 8
4.0 Magazine article................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Article on the internet....................................................................................................... 10
5.0 Reports ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Online report...................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Financial report ............................................................................................................ 12
5.3 Annual report................................................................................................................ 13
5.4 Government report........................................................................................................... 14
6.0 Website .................................................................................................................................. 15
6.0 Blog post........................................................................................................................ 16
6.1 Facebook page ........................................................................................................... 17
6.3 Tweet .................................................................................................................................. 18
7.0 Computer program .............................................................................................................. 19
7.1 Video game ...................................................................................................................... 20
7.2 Mobile App ........................................................................................................................ 21
8.0 Film ......................................................................................................................................... 22
8.1 TV Show .............................................................................................................................. 23
8.2 YouTube Video.................................................................................................................. 24
Quick Harvard Referencing Guide .......................................................................................... 25

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE About this guide 2

About this guide

Referencing is an academic practice in citing the sources of ideas,
information, data and other evidence in written assignments. It is vital for you to
acknowledge the information sources you have used.

The reasons for doing citation or referencing are:

 To enable your lecturer to trace the sources you cite in order to check the
accuracy and validity of the evidence presented and decide whether
they agree with your interpretation.

 To support your arguments and give credibility to the information you
present in assignments.

 To avoid the accusation of plagiarism.

This guide will assist you in citing the resources in Harvard Referencing style or
format. We have selected eight resources that most used in your assignments for
your guidance.

When do I need to reference?

You should reference your resources in the following instances:

 You have quoted from a source directly.
 You have used tables, graphs, statistics, diagram, images, etc. Taken from

another source.
 You have paraphrased or referred to something you have read/heard in

another person’s work.
 You are using another source to present a particular theory, argument, or

viewpoint.
 You are giving emphasis to a particular idea that has found a measure of

agreement and support amongst commentators.

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 1.0 Books 3

1.0 Books
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Author(s) of the book: Give the surname and initials (e. g. Withgott, J.)
of up to three authors with the surname preceded by 'and'. For four
authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your
institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first
word and proper nouns are capitalized.

4. Edition: Include the edition number only if it is not the first edition. End
this element with 'edn.' If it is a revised edition abbreviate as 'rev. edn.'

5. Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-letter
abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or the USA.

6. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a book:

Withgott, J.and Laposata, M. (2019) Essential environment: the science behind the
stories. 6th edn. USA: Pearson.

 In-text Citation:

According to Withgott and Laposata (2019, p.3) environment science is the scientific
study of how the natural world works…

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 1.0 Books 4

1.1 Edited books
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Editor(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Cohen, B.) of
up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four or
more editors include the first name followed by et al. (unless your
institution requires referencing of all editors). End with ed. or eds.,
respectively, in round brackets.

2. Author(s) of the book: Give the surname and initials (e. g. Withgott, J.)
of up to three authors with the surname preceded by 'and'. For four
authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your
institution requires referencing of all named authors.

3. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

4. Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first
word and proper nouns are capitalized.

5. Edition: Include the edition number only if it is not the first edition. End
this element with 'edn.' If it is a revised edition abbreviate as 'rev. edn.'

6. Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-letter
abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or the USA.

7. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a book:

Book with editor only

Cohen, B. (ed.). (2020) Structure and function of the human body. 12th edn.
London: Wolters Kluwer.

Book with author and editor

Hull, K. (2020) Structure and function of the human body. 12th edn. Edited by Cohen, B.
London: Wolters Kluwer.

 In-text Citation:
The mechanism of heat loss as described by Hull (2020, p.379) …

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 1.0 Books 5

1.2 Electronic books
When an e-book looks like a regular book (including publication
details and pagination) you should cite it as a printed book. If such
details are not available, cite it as an eBook.

 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Author(s) of the book: Give the surname and initials (e. g.
Withgott, J.) of up to three authors with the surname preceded
by 'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed
by et al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named
authors.

2. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of
the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.

4. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol
(http:// or https://).

5. Date of download: Give the day month and year.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of an e-book:

Burns, R.P. and Burns, R. (2019) Business research methods and statistics using
SPSS. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Downloaded: 18 March
2021).

 In-text Citation:

Burns (2019) research methods for business…

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 2.0 Journal articles 6

2.0 Journal articles
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author(s) of the journal article: Give the last name and initials (e. g.
Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by
'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et al.,
unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the journal article: ‘Give the title of the article in single quotation
marks’.

4. Title of the journal: Give the title in italics and capitalize the first letter of
the first word and proper nouns.

5. Volume number: Give the volume number.

6. Issue number: Give the issue number and, if given, the month or
season.

7. Page numbers: Give the full page range or page number.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a journal article:

Langner, M., and Imbach, R. (2000) 'The University of Freiburg: A Model for a Bilingual
University', Higher Education in Europe, 25(4), pp. 461–468.

 In-text Citation:

Langner and Imbach (2000, p.461) suggests the model for…

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 2.0 Journal articles 7

2.1 Electronic journals
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author(s) of the online journal article: Give the last name and initials
(e. g. Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name
preceded by 'and'. For four authors or more include the first name
followed by et al., unless your institution requires referencing of all
named authors.

2. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the online journal article: ‘Give the title of the article in single
quotation marks’.

4. Title of the journal: Give the title in italics and capitalize the first letter
of the first word and proper nouns.

5. Volume number: Give the volume number.

6. Issue number: Give the issue number and, if given, the month or
season.

7. Page numbers: Give the full page range or page number.

8. DOI: Include the digital object identifier (DOI).

 The example of format for a reference list entry of an e-journal:

Goh, C.F., Rasli, A., and Tan, O.K. (2019) ' Determinants and academic achievement
effect of Facebook use in educational communication among university
students, Higher Education in Malaysia, 25(4), pp. 110–115. https://
doi/10.1108/AJIM-05-2018-0116.

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 3.0 Newspapers 8

3.0 Newspapers
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Author, Initial(s)
2. Year of publication
3. ‘Article Title’
4. Newspaper Title
5. Day Month
6. Page numbers

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a newspaper:
Newspaper with author

Crowe, D 2013, ‘Big projects ordered to buy local’, The Australian, 17 January, p.
1.

Newspaper article with no author

‘Cyclists link up for homeless’‘2012, Herald Sun, 17 November, p. 9

 In-text Citation:
Newspaper with author
i) Direct quote
“Big investors will …” (Crowe 2013, p. 1)

ii) Paraphrase
Crowe (2013, p. 1) claims bigger investors will ….

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 3.0 Newspapers 9

Newspaper article with no author

i) Direct quote

Up to 6500 cyclists are expected” (Cyclists link up for homeless 2012, p. 9)

ii) Paraphrase

According to Cyclists link up for homeless (2012, p. 9) 6,500 cyclists were …

 Notes
Where there is no author, use the article title instead.
For the reference list, enclose the article title in single quotes ‘…’.
In-text, the article title is not enclosed in single quotes, but is in italics
instead.

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 4.0 Magazine article 10

4.0 Magazine article
Magazine articles, sourced from library databases or in print, are
referenced the same as journal articles.

If you are referencing a magazine article you found freely available
online, use the example below for Article on the internet.

Where there is no author, use the title in place of the author’s name –
follow the guidelines and examples at Journal Article (no author) and
Newspaper Article (no author).

4.1 Article on the internet
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author, Initial(s)
2. Year of publication
3. ‘Article Title’
4. Newspaper/Journal/Magazine Title
5. Day Month (or volume/issue number if applicable)
6. Viewed Day Month Year,
7. URL < in bracket>.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of an article:

Hamlyn-Harris, JH 2013, ‘Ten ways you can avoid being caught in the PRISM
net’, The Conversation, viewed 13 August 2013, <http://theconversation.com/ten-
ways-you-can-avoid-being-caught-in-the-prism-net-15696>.

 In-text Citation:
i) Direct quote

“Future developments in decryption …”(Hamlyn-Harris 2013).

ii) Paraphrase

Hamlyn-Harris (2013) looks at …

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 5.0 Reports 11

5.0 Reports
5.1 Online report
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author or the organisation: Give the last name and initials (e. g.
Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by
'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et
al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: Give the year in round brackets.

3. Title of the online report: Give the title as presented in the source.
Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.

4. Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-
letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or
the USA.

5. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher

6. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol
(http:// or https://).

7. Date of access: Give the day month and year.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of an online report

Anton-Vazquez, V., Byrne, L. and Anderson, L. (2021) COVID-19 cardiac injury and
the use of colchicine. [Online] Available at:
https://elib.segi.edu.my:2314/content/bmjcr/14/2/e241047.full.pdf (Accessed:26
February 2021).

Department of Education (2020) Report of Children Receiving Early Intervention
Services in Accordance with Part C; Report of Program Settings in Accordance with
Part C; Report on Infants and Toddlers Exiting Part C. Washington, DC: Federal
Information & News Dispatch, LLC. [Online] Available at:
https://elib.segi.edu.my:2125/reports/agency-information-collection-activities-
comment/docview/2414719854/se-2?accountid=50955 (Accessed:26 February 2021).

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 5.0 Reports 12

5.2 Financial report
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author or Organisation: Give the last name and initials (e. g.
Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by
'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et
al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: Give the year in round brackets.

3. Title of the financial report: Give the title as presented in the source.
Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.

4. Place of Publication: List the city and the US state using the two-
letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or
the USA.

5. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a financial report

Lawrence, E. (2018) Annual University financial report discusses financial position,
debt, revenue. Carlsbad, CA: Uloop, Inc.

SEGi University & Colleges (2014) Financial Statements 2014. Selangor,
Malaysia: SEG International BHD

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 5.0 Reports 13

5.3 Annual report
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author or Organisation: Give the last name and initials (e. g.
Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by
'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et
al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of Publication: Give the year in round brackets.

3. Title of the Annual Report: Give the title as presented in the source.
Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.

4. Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-
letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or
the USA.

5. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of an annual report

Oceancash (2018) Annual Report 2018. Selangor, Malaysia: Oceancash Pacific
Berhad.

Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya (2015) Laporan Tahunan Majlis Perbandaran
Subang Jaya 2015. Selangor, Malaysia: Jabatan Korporat dan Pengurusan Strategik,
MPSJ

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 5.0 Reports 14

5.4 Government report
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author or organisation: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson,
J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For
four authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless
your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: Give the year in round brackets.

3. Title of the Government report: Give the title as presented in the
source. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.

4. Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-
letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or
the USA.

5. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a government report:

Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya (2015) Laporan Tahunan Majlis Perbandaran
Subang Jaya 2015. Selangor, Malaysia: Jabatan Korporat dan Pengurusan Strategik,
MPSJ.

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 6.0 Website 15

6.0 Website
 Elements of the citation:

1. Author(s) of the website: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J.)
of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four
authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your
institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the website: Give the title as presented in the source. Only the first
letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.

4. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol (http:// or
https://).

5. Date of access: Give the day month and year.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a website:

Fhoke (2020): The experts in design and build. Available at:
https://www.fhoke.com/services/ (Accessed: 26 February 2021).

 In-text Citation:

(Fhoke 2020)…

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 6.0 Website 16

6.0Blog post
 Elements of the citation:
1. Author(s) of the blog post: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson,

J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For
four authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless
your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of publication: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the post: ‘Give the title of blog posts in single quotation marks’

4. Title of the blog: Give the title as presented in the source. Only the first
letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.

5. Date of publication: Give the day and month of publication.

6. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol (http://
or https://).

7. Date of access: Give the day and month of publication.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a blog post:

Luong, Rebecca. (2019) ‘Eating More to Stay Warm in Winter?', FoodSense, 2021.
Available at: https://www.foodsense-ns.com.au/single-post/2019/06/03/eat-more-to-
stay-warm-in-winter(Accessed: 26 February 2021).

 In-text Citation:

(Luong 2019)…

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 6.0 Website 17

6.1Facebook page
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author(s) of the Facebook page: Give the last name and initials (e. g.
Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by
'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et al.,
unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of posting: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Title of the Facebook page: Give the title as presented in the source.
Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.

4. Date of posting: Give the day and month of publication.

5. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol (http://
or https://).

6. Date of access: Give the day and month of publication.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a Facebook page :

SEGi University & Colleges (2011) [Facebook] 25 February. Available at:
https://www.facebook.com/SEGiMalaysia/ (Accessed: 3 March 2021).

 In-text Citation:

(SEGi University & Colleges 2011)…

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 6.0 Website 18

6.3 Tweet
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Author(s) of the tweet: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J.)
of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four
authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your
institution requires referencing of all named authors.

2. Year of posting: (Give the year in round brackets).

3. Date of posting: Give the day and month of publication.

4. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol (http://
or https://).

5. Date of access: Give the day and month of publication.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a tweet:

Segi University & Colleges (2020) [Twitter] 30 April. Available at:
https://twitter.com/SEGi_tweets/status/1255722765933350912 (Accessed: 5 March
2021).

 In-text Citation:

Tagline (SEGi University & Colleges 2020)…

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 7.0 Computer program 19

7.0 Computer program
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Name of the entity or individual that owns the rights of the program. If
there is no rightsholder, start with second element.

2. Year of release: (Give the year in round brackets)

3. Title of the computer program: Give the title in italics, capitalizing all
initial letters.

4. Version: Give the version if available

5. Availability: Give the name of the distributor, address or order number if
available.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a computer program:

Good Core Software Sdn Bhd (2010) ASP.NET MVC 4 (Version 4) [Computer program].
Good Core Software, Malaysia.

Good Core (2010) ASP.NET MVC 4 (Version 4) [Computer program]. Available at:
http://www.goodcoresoftware.com/download.html (Downloaded: 26 February 2021).

 Notes
In case the computer program is retrieved online, add ‘Available at: URL’
and (Downloaded: date of download) like in the following example.

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 7.0 Computer program 20

7.1 Video game
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Give the name of entity or individual that owns the rights of the game.
If there is no rights information stated, start with second element.

2. Title

3. Version number, if available.

4. Year or release: (Give the year in round brackets)

5. Title of game: Give the title in italics, capitalizing all initial letters.

6. Edition (if available)

7. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of video game
Mobile Legends (2017) Bang Bang [Video game]. Moonton.

Curro Rueda (2021) Run Forrest Run: New games for free & fun Running! [Video game].
Viva Games Studios.

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 7.0 Computer program 21

7.2 Mobile App
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Give the name of the company or individual that owns the rights of
the app, if available. If none, start with the second element.

2. Title of the program.

3. Year of release: Give the year in round brackets.

4. Title of the mobile App: Give the title in italics.

5. Edition name: Give the edition name if available, e.g. Kindle
edition, Fire Phone edition.

6. Version: Give the version number if available.

7. Mobile store name: Give the name of the mobile store.

8. Date of download: Give the day month and year.

 The example of format for a reference list entry of Mobile App:
i) A video mobile app downloaded from Google Play

Violet Fire (2020) Video Show Maker with Music (Version 8.5.9.3) [Mobile app].
Available at: Google Play (Downloaded: 9 March 2021).

ii) A messaging mobile app downloaded from App Market

Messenger (2021) Messenger Lite: Free Calls & Messages (Version 128.0.0.6.110)
[Mobile app]. Available at: App Market (Downloaded: 11 January 2020).

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 8.0 Film 22

8.0 Film
 The elements to include in the reference:
1. Title of the film, in italics.
2. Year of release (in round bracket).
3. Directed by Director(s) name

 The example of format for a reference list entry of film:

Nasi Lemak 2.0 (2011) Directed by Namewee [Film]. Malaysia: Prodigee Media Sdn Bhd

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 8.0 Film 23

8.1 TV Show
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Title of show, in italics.
2. Year of broadcast (in round bracket).
3. Channel
4. Day and month of broadcast

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a TV show:
A comedy TV show aired in 8TV
The Sound of Happiness (2018) 8TV, 26 February.

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HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE 8.0 Film 24

8.2 YouTube Video
 The elements to include in the reference:

1. Owner of video
2. Year of upload (in round bracket).
3. Title of the video, in italics.
4. Date uploaded,
5. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date of access).

 The example of format for a reference list entry of a YouTube video:
i) A YouTube video by SEGi College Penang

SEGi College Penang. (2021) Webinar Tips Penjagaan Kesihatan Mental. 25
February. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOPqN6ETFx4
(Accessed: 26 February 2021).

ii) A video on Vimeo by an individual filmmaker

Lim Shang Jin. (2021) New Year Alone. 12 February. Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_f02USwn-Y (Accessed: 26 February
2021).

SEGi GROUP OF COLLEGES LIBRARY

HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE Quick Harvard Referencing Guide 25

Quick Harvard Referencing Guide

This quick guide provides examples to help you create references for information sources most
frequently used.

• Reference list: includes all materials used in your document. It provides the full information of
reference sources necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve them.

• In-text citation: involves citing references within the text of your work where you have used ideas
or material from other sources.

Resources Reference list In-text citation

Book Withgott, J.and Laposata, M. (2019) Essential environment: the According to Withgott
science behind the stories. 6th edn. USA: Pearson. and Laposata (2019,
Edited book p.3) environment...
with editor Cohen, B. (ed.). (2020) Structure and function of the human body.
only 12th edn. London: Wolters Kluwer. The mechanism of heat
Edited book loss… (ed. Cohen,
with author 2020)
and editor
Hull, K. (2020) Structure and function of the human body. 12th The mechanism of heat
E-Book edn. Edited by Cohen, B. London: Wolters Kluwer.
loss as described by
Journal Hull (2020, p.379) …
article
Burns, R.P. and Burns, R. (2019) Business research methods and Burns (2019) research
E-Journal statistics using SPSS. Available at: methods for
http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Downloaded: 18 March business…
Newspaper 2021).
with Author Langner, M., and Imbach, R. (2000) 'The University of Freiburg: Langner and Imbach
Newspaper A Model for a Bilingual University', Higher Education in Europe, (2000, p.461) suggests
with no 25(4), pp. 461–468. the model for…
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Financial https://elib.segi.edu.my:2314/content/bmjcr/14/2/e241047.full.pdf Anton-Vazquez et al.,
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Annual Selangor, Malaysia: SEG International BHD. cost increase by RM
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report Oceancash Pacific Berhad. 2014).
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26 February 2021).

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