INDONESIAN HISTORY TIMELINE

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TIMELINE

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LOTS OF
INTERESTING

EVENTS

AMANGKURAT I TREATY OF
FIGHT WITH GIYANTI
AMANGKURAT II ?

HIST 3390

MMEEEETT TTHHEE
TTEEAAMM!!

GROUP 4

HAFIZ

MUHAMMAD HAFIZZUDIN
BIN MOHD ISA
2016353

ANIS

ANIS QAMALINA
BINTI KAMARUDDIN

2012672

IZZAH

NUR IZZAH
BINTI MD. JELANI

2011476

HANNAH

NUR HANNAH
BINTI MOHD NOOR

2018276

Table of

CONTENTS

1 THE ARRIVAL OF VOC (1602-1613)

2 VOC IN THE SULTANATE MATARAM (1613-1629)

3 FIRST ATTACK MATARAM - BATAVIA (1628)

4 SECOND ATTACK MATARAM - BATAVIA
(1629)

5 AMANGKURAT I (1646-1677)

6 AMANGKURAT II (1677-1703)

7 THE CHINESE MASSACRE (1740)

8 TREATY OF GIYANTI (1755)

9 DISSOLUTION OF VEREENIGDE OOST-
INDISCHE COMPAGNIE (VOC) (1799)

10 THE FALL ON INDONESIA TO THE
BRITISH (1811 - 1824)

11 ANGLO - DUTCH TREATY (1824)

12 DIPONEGORO WAR (1830 - 1835)
13 PERANG LOMBOK (1894)

TIMELINE

1646 - 1677

AMANGKURAT I

1602 - 1613 1628 AMANGKURAT II

THE ARRIVAL FIRST 1677 - 1703
OF VOC ATTACK
MATARAM -
VOC IN THE BATAVIA
SULTANATE
MATARAM SECOND
ATTACK
1613 - 1629 MATARAM -
BATAVIA

1629

1824 1894

ANGLO - PERANG LOMBOK
DUTCH
TREATY

1740 1799 DIPONEGORO WAR

THE CHINESE DISSOLUTION 1830 - 1835
MASSACRE OF VEREENIGDE
OOST-INDISCHE
TREATY OF GIYANTI COMPAGNIE
(VOC)
1755
THE FALL OF
INDONESIA TO

BRITISH

1811 - 1824

THE ARRIVAL OF SEM 1 2022/2023
VOC
1602-1613

The Netherlands come, i.e. for trade and to earn cheap spices by
price cheap. However , arriving in the Netherlands is not
accepted by the people of Banten because the action is bad and
often gives rise to commotion. Moments, that is, the nation The
Dutch are back to his country.

Since that moment, the nation Netherlands and others have PURPOSE THE
come back to Indonesia. Not only in Banten, they succeeded in ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VOC
getting spices in Maluku in 1599. In the year, Maluku is still IS AS THE FOLLOWING :
dominated by Portuguese.
Take control to over the
For this purpose, the Netherlands also established a fortress, the main port
so-called defense Afar fortress. On March 20, 1602, the ships Indonesian administration is
trade nation Netherlands started to strengthen itself by under control
establishing Verenigde Oost- Indische Compagnie (VOC) in Create monopoly to above
Indonesia, namely Kongsi Dagang (company trade). trade spices hundred
Giving control government
VOCs are a proposal of OldenBarneveld and headed by 17 Netherlands to on VOCs
directors called the House of Seven Twelve or Heeren Seventeen.

Since the VOC was established, the Netherlands do monopoly 1
trade in ports and centers trade in Indonesia. Besides that, the
Netherlands also planted his power and influence on the people
in the area he visited. VOCs became involved in Java 's internal
politics at this time, and fought in some of the wars involving
Mataram and Banten.

hist 3390

VOC IN THE SULTANATE

MATARAM 1613-1629

Mataram is a government big in Java that In 1619, the VOC succeeded to grab Jayakarta
takes place from the end 16th century to 18th , an undeveloped region dominated by
century, when Netherlands power in Mataram, and changed its name to Batavia.
Indonesia. Mataram at first is followers of The VOC headquarters was also moved to
Display, but it is under power under Batavia. Seeing strength and airline trade,
Senapati (then known as Adiwijoyo), who the Netherlands made the Great Sultan
defeated Pajang and became the first king begin thinking of taking advantage of VOCs
Mataram. Let's try to unify Java east and in the competition facing Surabaya and the
central without much success. Sultanate of Banten.

When the Netherlands entered the region, After charming some city ports in the north
Mataram fell under Sultan Agung's reign , Java, especially Surabaya and Madura, Sultan
that is in 1613. Mataram can expand the Agung tried to seize Batavia from the Dutch
territory until it includes part of Java. East India Company. He launched two
Therefore, the Netherlands are very attacks that did not succeed , one in 1628
interested in mastering Mataram. For and one again in 1629. Sultan Agung also
occupied Mataram, VOC sends the launched " war sacred " to Bali and to
ambassador to invite Sultan Agung to allow Balambangan in Java extreme east. He later
the VOC to establish plant trading on the focused attention on developing inner
North coast of Mataram. However, this was Mataram . He transferred the population of
rejected by Sultan Agung because if allowed Java middle to Less Krawang population (in
then the economy on the North coast will be Java west ) and encouraged trade between
dominated by the VOC. Rejection then makes the islands. He also adjusts Islam by Hindu-
the relationship between them stretch. Javanese tradition and introduced calendar
new in 1633 based on Islamic and Javanese
Besides that, VOC also continues to strive practices. Currently Sultan Agung's reign is a
for monopolize trade in Java that causes mixture Islamic and Hindu- Javanese
merchant indigenous start declined. elements.
Therefore, Sultan Agung strongly opposed
the existence of VOC in the archipelago, (SULTAN AGUNG)
especially in Java. Conflict first between
Mataram and the VOC took place on 2
November 8, 1618, when Governor General of
the VOC, Jan Pieterzoon Coen directed its
member, Vander Marct, to attack Jepara.
This caused Mataram to experience big
losses. Relations then increased badly after
Sultan Agung forbade selling rice to VOCs.
Since That's it, people in the Netherlands
start to hate the Sultan Agung. After that,
allegations that the VOC had robbed Java .
This then makes Sultan Agung prepare to
attack the VOC based in Batavia.

FIRST ATTACK
1628 MATARAM -

BATAVIA

AT FIRST, SULTAN AGUNG SENT KYAI THEN RUSH CAME INTO THE
FORTRESS. THE TEAM MATARAM
RANGGA AND THE REGENT TOUGH AS LATER ON RAINED ON BY SHOT FROM
THE PALACE. ON AUGUST 25, 1628, 27
AMBASSADOR TO BATAVIA IN APRIL 1628. MORE SHIP MATARAM ENTER BAY,
THEN STATED BY CLEAR INTENTION
THE PURPOSE IS TO NEGOTIATE BY THAT THEY WERE TO ATTACK THE
NETHERLANDS. THE NEXT DAY, AS
CARRYING RICE. HOWEVER, MANY AS 1,000 SOLDIERS, MATARAM
BOARDED HIS HORSE IN FRONT OF
CONSULTATION WAS ALREADY BATAVIA. ON AUGUST 27TH ARMY
MATARAM ATTACKED A SMALL
REJECTED BY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL FORTRESS IN THE SOUTHEAST CITY.
HOWEVER, TEAM MATARAM LOST IN
OF THE VOC AT THE TIME, NAMELY JP THIS BATTLE. THE TEAM MATARAM
STARTS TO EXPERIENCE
COEN. THIS CAUSED A BATTLE DESTRUCTION AND CONSEQUENCE
DEFICIENCY SUPPLIES.
BETWEEN MATARAM AND BATAVIA.

THEN, USING ARMADA BAHUREKSA,

TEAM MATARAM CARRIED 150 CATTLE,

5,900 SACKS OF SUGAR, 26,600

COCONUTS, AND 12,000 SACKS OF RICE.

MATARAM’S STRATEGY IS THAT THEY

WANT TO TRADE IN BATAVIA.

HOWEVER, THE NETHERLANDS

STARTED SUSPECTING. THREE DAYS

LATER, SEVEN FRUIT SHIP MATARAM

APPEARED AGAIN, WITH REASON

ASKING PERMISSION TO TRAVEL FROM

THE NETHERLANDS SO THEY COULD

SAIL TO MALACCA. ON THE SIDE IN THE

AFTERNOON, ABOUT 20 PIECES SHIP

MATARAM BRING DOWN HIS TEAM

AHEAD OF THE PALACE. THE " Attack Big in Batavia by the Sultan of Mataram " in
the year 1628
NETHERLANDS WERE SHOCKED
3

SECOND -
1629 ATTACK

MATARAM
BATAVIA

ASULTAN AGUNG 'S STRUGGLE HAS NOT IN CONCLUSION , MATARAM ONCE
STOPPED. AFTER DEFEAT IN 1628, HE AGAIN FAILED TO ATTACK THE
CAME BACK AND LAUNCHED THE SECOND AGAINST VOCS. AFTER
SECOND TO OVER BATAVIA IN MAY 1629. SULTAN AGUNG DIED IN 1645 ,
TOTAL NUMBER OF SOLDIERS HE MATARAM INHERITED THE HAND
BROUGHT IS 14,000 PEOPLE. AFTER AMANGKURAT I I.E. CHILD TO THE
FAILURE FIRST , THE TEAM MATARAM SULTAN SULTAN.
ALREADY ANTICIPATED IT BY BUILDING
A RICE BARN HIDDEN IN KARAWANG SIDE NOTES !
AND CIREBON. HOWEVER, THE VOC
SUCCEEDED IN FINDING THEM AND SULTAN AGUNG WAS THE THIRD
DESTROYING THEM ALL. FINALLY, KING THE POWERFUL MATARAM FOR
CONSEQUENCE DEFICIENCY SUPPLY THE PERIOD 1613-1645. ONE OF THEM
ADDED AGAIN BY MALARIA AND THE IDEALS OWNED BY SULTAN
CHOLERA EPIDEMICS, STRENGTH TEAM AGUNG ARE TO UNIFY ISLAND JAVA
MATARAM INCREASINGLY WEAK. BELOW _ POWER MATARAM AND
THOUGH FAILED AGAIN IN ATTACK EXPEL ALIEN POWER FROM THE
SECOND, SULTAN AGUNG SUCCEEDED ARCHIPELAGO, SUCH AS THE VOC.
IN POLLUTING THE CILIWUNG RIVER
WHICH RESULTED IN EPIDEMIC
CHOLERA IN BATAVIA. NOT ONLY THAT,
JP COEN ALSO BECAME VICTIMS OF THE
EPIDEMIC .

4

SEM 1 2022/2023

AMANGKURAT I INFO:

BEGINNING OF THE REIGN; Amangkurat I was the
Mataram Sultanate's king
In 1645, he succeeded his father as King of Mataram, and was from 1646 to 1677.
given the title Susuhunan Ing Alaga. He was titled
Amangkurat or Mangkurat when he was officially crowned in His real name is Raden Mas
1646, in full Kanjeng Susuhunan Prabu Amangkurat Akbar. He Sayidin, the son of Sultan
is the king, and he has complete control over Mataram and Akbar Hanyokrokusumo.
the other areas that fall under his jurisdiction. He established
a centralized government system in Mataram. Amangkurat I His mother was titled Ratu
also removed many senior figures who did not support and Wetan, the daughter of
agreed with his political views, as well as killing those Tumenggung Upasanta,
considered to be opponents. Tumenggung Wiraguna and regent of Batang
Tumenggung Danupaya, for example, were dispatched in (descendant of Ki Juru
1647 to seize Blambangan, which had been inhabited by Bali, Martani).
but both were killed in the middle of the road.Tumenggung
Wiraguna was also killed because Amangkurat I had a When he was Duke of Anom,
scandalous relationship with Wiraguna's wife when he was he was called Pangeran Arya
Crown Prince. Pangeran Alit who is the brother of Prabu Adi Mataram.
Amangkurat I who sided with Wiraguna began to led a
rebellion and was supported by scholars. During the battle, Amangkurat I had two
Prince Alit was killed, and Muslim leaders and their families queens
were massacred.
Queen Kulon, Pangeran
RELATIONSHIP WITH VOC Pekik's daughter from
Surabaya, gave birth to
Amangkurat I developed a relationship with the VOC, with Raden Mas Rahmat, who
whom his father had previously fought. He made an later became Amangkurat II.
agreement with the VOC in 1646. The VOC was permitted to
open a trading post in the Mataram area, while the Mataram The Kajoran princess
side was permitted to trade with other VOC-occupied islands. became Queen Wetan, who
The VOC was able to reopen its trading post in JEPARA in gave birth to Raden Mas
1651. Amangkurat I believed that the VOC had begun to Drajat, who later became
submit to Mataram's rule. However, in 1659, the VOC Pakubuwana I.
succeeded in capturing Palembang, leaving him somewhat
disappointed with the VOC's success because, during this 5
time, only Palembang remained loyal to Mataram in its
enmity with Banten and the VOC. After 1659, Mataram lost
its power over Kalimantan and in 1663 its power over Jambi
was also lost.

AMANG KU RAT
AMANGKURAT I
CONTROVERSY WITH THE
CROWN PRINCE;

Amangkurat I had a disagreement with his crown TRUNAJAYA REBELLION;
prince, Raden Mas Rahmat, who was the Duke of
Anom at the time. The news that Duke Anom's Mas Rahmat requested Trunajaya's
position would be transferred to Pangeran Singasari assistance in carrying out a rebellion
fueled this conflict (another son of Amangkurat I). against his father, Amangkurat I.
Mas Rahmat attempted but failed to launch a coup Trunajaya agreed to lead the rebellion,
in 1661. Amangkurat I then massacred all of his and he was assisted by Makasar fighters
son's supporters. Amangkurat I, on the other hand, led by Karaeng Galesong, a supporter of
failed in his attempt to poison Mas Rahmat in 1663. Sultan Hasanuddin, who was defeated by
At the time, their relationship was becoming the VOC in 1668. Amangkurat I turned
strained. The conflict erupted in 1668 when Mas down this Makasar team's request for
Rahmat fell in love with Rara Oyi, the concubine of land to build a village in 1674. This piqued
his father, Amangkurat I. Pangeran Pekik helped Mas their interest in joining Trunajaya. More
Rahmat to get Rara Oyi and they were successfully battles occurred, causing Trunajaya to
married. As a result, Pangeran Pekik was killed by feel more powerful, until Mas Rahmat
Amangkurat I because he was considered a traitor. could no longer control him, and Mas
Mas Rahmat was pardoned on the condition that he Rahmat began to rejoin and side with his
had to kill Rara Oyi with his own hands. What made father. Trunajaya successfully seized the
Mas Rahmat even more angry with his father, he Plered palace on June 28, 1677. Mas
was fired from being Duke of Anom. Pangeran Puger Rahmat and Amangkurat I fled to the
began to replace Mas Rahmat as Duke of Anom. west. The Mataram Sultanate came to an
end with the fall of the Plered palace.
DEATH OF AMANGKURAT I; Trunajaya then left the Mataram palace
and returned to his power center in
The escape of Amangkurat I had made him sick. Kediri, East Java, with the spoils of war.
However, the administration of poisonous coconut Prince Puger took advantage of the
water hastened his death. Mas Rahmat, his own son, weakening palace and elevated himself to
provided the poisonous coconut water. Amangkurat the throne of Plered under the title of
I died in 1677 in Wanayasa, Banyumas, and left a Susuhunan ing Alaga. As a result, the
bequest to be buried near his teacher in Tegal. The kingdom of Mataram has been divided
village where Amangkurat I was buried was later since then.
named Tegalwangi or Tegalarum because the soil in
that area smelled good. Amangkurat I also left ADDITIONAL INFO;
instructions for Mas Rahmat to seek the assistance
of the VOC in reclaiming the throne from Trunajaya. In the Javanese language, the word
Mas Rahmat later ascended to the throne as Amangku means "to act", and the word
Amangkurat II, establishing the Kartasura Dynasty Rat means "earth". So, Amangkurat means
as a continuation of the Mataram Sultanate.
"holding the earth"

6

hist 3390

1677 - 1703

AMANGKURAT II

INFO

ASSOCIATION WITH VOC Amangkurat II ruled Mataram in
1677-1703
In Jepara, a contract was signed in September Because he was the first
1677. Cornelis Speelman represented the VOC. Javanese king to wear
The VOC pledged the northern coast of Java European-style official attire,
from Kerawang to the eastern end as a he was known as Sunan Amral,
guarantee for the payment of costs against which is the Javanese spelling
Trunajaya. Mas Rahmat was named for ‘Laksamana’
Amangkurat II, the king without a palace. He Amangkurat II's real name is
was successful in suppressing the Trunajaya Raden Mas Rahmat
rebellion with the assistance of the VOC. The Amangkurat II had several
VOC took over the rebels' seat in Kediri at the wives, but only one bore him a
end of 1678, with great difficulty, and the son.
rebellion quickly collapsed. Trunajaya was
arrested in 1679 and executed the following 7
year by Amangkurat II himself. The Makassars
were driven out in 1679 by Arung Palaka's
army, while the Muslim supporters of the
rebellion, Raden Kajoran and Panembahan Giri,
were assassinated in 1679 and 1680. After the
rebel attack, Puger, who controlled the Plered
Court, rejected his brother's claim to the
throne, forcing Amangkurat II to build a new
court (Kartasura) in Pajang. Puger, on the other
hand, was forced to surrender in 1681 by the
VOC. Amangkurat II was able to keep his throne
and re-establish Javanese loyalty, but at a high
cost.

SEM 1 2022/2023

AMANGKURAT II'S ATTITUDE END OF LIFE AMANGKURAT II;
TOWARDS VOC
Amangkurat II's betrayal was finally
Amangkurat II is a susceptible individual. exposed. Amangkurat II's letters to
He was able to ascend to the throne with Cirebon, Johor, Palembang, and the
the assistance of the VOC, but at a high British were discovered by the VOC, and
cost. Patih Nerangkusuma, an anti-VOC they basically suggested fighting the
activist, was successful in inciting him to Dutch. In 1689, Amangkurat II also
repay the debt. Amangkurat II accepted a backed Kapitan Jonker's rebellion. As a
VOC refugee named Untung Suropati, result, the VOC began to put pressure
who lived in Patih Nerangkusuma's on Kartasura to pay off all of his VOC
house, in 1685. Untung Suropati was debts as soon as possible. Amangkurat II
given a residence in Babirong village in attempted to improve his relationship
order to manage the team. This is one of with the VOC once more by pretending
the methods Amangkurat II will use to try to attack Untung Suropati in Pusuruan
to get out of debt with the VOC. Captain because he was unable to pay his debts.
François Tack arrived in Kartasura in Amangkurat II finally died in 1703.
February 1686 to arrest Untung Suropati. Following his death, there was a struggle
Amangkurat II pretended to assist the for Kartasura's throne between his son,
VOC, resulting in a battle. Captain Tack's Amangkurat III, and his younger brother,
team was defeated by Untung Suropati's Pangeran Puger.
team. Untung Suropati's team
assassinated the captain.

GALLE RY

UNTUNG SUROPATI PANGERAN PUGER 8

hist 3390

Angke Haunted :
The 1740 Chinese
Massacre

E" v e r y p l a c e i s s p l a t t e r e d w i t h b l o o d a n d t h e c a n a l s a r e f i l l e d w i t h c o r p s e s . M o s t o f t h e
city was covered in ashes and five thousand famously hardworking and devoted
Chinese were killed.”

MASSACRE OF CHINESE CITIZENS ECONOMIC CRISIS IN BATAVIA
IN BATAVIA (OCTOBER 9, 1740)
The Geger Pecinan incident was caused by the
Exactly 282 years ago, on October 9, economic and political crisis that befell the VOC
1740, there was a massacre of ethnic colony in Batavia at the end of the 17th century.
Chinese or Chinatown, a riot that Batavia at that time became the center of the VOC
began in Batavia (now known as trading empire where it was visited by many traders
Jakarta). The genocide that occurred from various countries including Chinese traders.
during this period claimed the lives of
approximately 10,000 Chinese who 1690 - The VOC begins increasing quotas for incoming
were involved in this horrific incident. Chinese immigrants to establish its economy.
It is believed that the tragedy, which Gradually, both legal and illegal Chinese immigrants
claimed many victims, stemmed from who came to Batavia became objects of VOC
the conflict between the ethnic extortion.
Chinese and the VOC in Batavia (now
Jakarta). The conflict between the 1696 - The VOC imposed a duty on every Chinese who
ethnic Chinese and the VOC lasted came. This principle was considered onerous, because
from October to November 1740 and before the arrival of the VOC, newcomers were free to
is known as the Geger Pacinan or the trade with the people of the Archipelago.
Tragedy of Angke. In this bloody
incident, more than 10,000 people of 1719 - official VOC records have revealed that there
Chinese descent became victims of were 7,550 Chinese explorers in Batavia. This number
mass killings under the blessing of continued to increase until it reached 35% of the total
Governor General Adriaan Valckenier. population of Batavia at that time. The unemployment
However, what is the main cause that rate there increased, in addition, the arrival of the
led to the Angke Tragedy or the 1740 Chinese in Batavia had crowded the city.
Chinatown chaos?
1738 - The VOC is increasingly worried because the
price of spices in the market falls. In addition, there is
competition for the coffee commodity with EIC, a
British trading partner based in India. To replenish
VOC profits, they placed policies at bases where
Chinese immigrants were required to have a permit,
which could be redeemed.

9

SEM 1 2022/2023

Deportation to

Sri Lanka


It’s get even worse when a bunch of them try to break free from

prison. In July 1740, another attack was made against the Chinese
who were seen as suspicious and endangering public safety. The
VOC had also planned to exile unemployed Chinese to Sri Lanka, a
VOC colony used as a dumping ground. The Chinese population
became increasingly restless and dared to oppose the VOC.

CHINESE MASSACRE


The Chinese were deprived of their rights when they began to take action against the

VOC. A security emergency has been declared in Batavia due to ethnic Chinese
movements. Gustaaf Baron van Imhoff and Governor General Adriaan Valckenier briefly
met with Kapitan Panjang to try to compromise, but they were rejected

October 7th - Chinese rebels kill 16 soldiers. The VOC immediately ordered
imprisonment, banned the use of lamps, and disarmed ethnic Chinese the next day. The
VOC would immediately shoot the stubborn Chinese dead if they protested or resisted.

October 9th - In Batavia, the VOC began arresting and throwing them into the water. Then, they
ransacked the Chinese houses for firearms and looted their possessions after failing to control the
situation and their houses were then set on fire. Governor General Adriaan Valckenier ordered the
massacre of all Chinese. In addition to Europeans, slaves and Middle Eastern immigrants also
participated in mass murders.

October 10th - Governor General Adriaan Valckenier evicts surviving ethnic Chinese from their
homes or hospitals and executes them in the square in front of the Fatahillah Museum. Then, their
bodies were thrown into Kali Besar.

October 11th - 3,000 Chinese troops seize the Dutch fort in Tangerang in response to what has
happened. The VOC fort in Jatinegara province was attacked by 5,000 Chinese. Kapitan Panjang
also tried to take revenge but lost in weapons and equipment.

As a result, the policy of ethnic central villages—where ethnic Chinese were 10
required to settle in certain areas—was created, leading to the emergence of
Chinatown and Pekojan villages. It was to control the business activities of ethnic
Chinese so that they could not grow and become a threat to the VOC. The Pacinan
turmoil can be considered the cause of widespread violence against the Chinese, a
subject that is still touchy in Indonesian politics today.

hist 3390

f
e1
b7

5
15
3

Treaty of giyanti

The Giyanti Agreement is an agreement However, the VOC did not recognize the
between the VOC and the Mataram Kingdom status of Prince Mangkubumi. The situation
which was signed on February 13, 1755. The became warm when the VOC crowned the son
Giyanti Agreement is also known as the of Pakubuwono II, Raden Mas Soerjadi or
VOC's attempt to divide the Mataram Pakubuwono III as King of Mataram. Raden
Kingdom. He was considered useful to the Mas Said and Prince Mangkubumi again
Dutch in Java because the Mataram launched attacks against the VOC and Raden
Kingdom was divided into the Surakarta Mas Soerjadi. To defuse the attack, the VOC
Hadiningrat Sunanate and the carried out a cunning strategy by splitting
Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Sunanate. Raden Mas Said and Prince Mangkubumi. The
VOC sent a special envoy to instigate and
The agreement began with the conflict that carry out Raden Mas Said Mangkubumi.
occurred in the Mataram Kingdom. The
conflict began with a dispute between three The VOC then invited them to negotiate the
potential heirs of the Mataram Kingdom, distribution of power. On 22-23 September
namely Prince Pakubuwono II, Prince 1754 negotiations were held to discuss the
Mangkubumi, and Raden Mas Said or Prince division of the Mataram area, the title to be
Sambernyawa. The VOC had appointed used, cooperation between the VOC and the
Prince Pakubuwono II as king and he aroused sultanate, and so on. The results of the
the jealousy of Prince Mangkubumi and meeting were later stated in the Giyanti
Raden Mas Said. Due to dissatisfaction, Agreement which was signed on February 13,
Raden Mas Said and Prince Mangkubumi 1755.
opposed the VOC and Pakubuwono II as a
form of protest. The attack caused 11
Pakubuwono II to die. Prince Mangkubumi
also ascended the throne.

SEM 1 2022/2023

" The contents of the agreement consist of nine things:"

1. Prince Mangkubumi was appointed as Sultan Hamengkubuwono with half the
powers of the Mataram Kingdom. The right to power is given or inherited from
generation to generation.
2. The people of the sultanate had to cooperate with the people who were under
VOC control.
3. The regents or executive officers (governors) had to swear allegiance to the
VOC.
4. The appointment of regents or executive officers had to be approved by the
VOC.
5. The sultan had to pardon the regents or executive officials who sided with the
VOC in war.
6. The Sultan would not claim the rights to Madura Island or other coastal areas
that had been granted by Pakubuwono II to the VOC. In return the VOC would
pay compensation of 10,000 reals annually.
7. Sultan Hamengkubuwono will provide assistance if Sultan Pakubuwono III
needs it.
8. The Sultan would sell groceries at a price determined by the VOC.
9. The Sultan promised to fulfill all kinds of agreements that had been made
between the previous rulers of Mataram and the VOC.

The outcome of the signed Giyanti Agreement did not favor Batavia, but

instead was more favorable to the VOC. The result of the agreement even

divided the Kingdom of Mataram until it had to split into two, namely the

Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat and the Sultanate of Surakata

Hadiningrat. However, this arrangement also teaches people that there

will always be a third party that will exploit any quarrel and prevent 12

power from destroying the family.

hist 3390

DECEMBER 31ST, 1799

Towards the end of the 18th century, the Vereenigde Oostindische

Compagnie or VOC suffered a setback due to financial problems. The
Dutch trade union which has been in power in Indonesia since 1602 is
no longer making a profit and its debts to the state continue to pile
up. The VOC's decline was caused by many factors, including the
corruption of its officials and the declining volume of trade due to
the wars in Europe. Due to continuous losses, the VOC was finally
dissolved on December 31, 1799.

WHAT CAUSED THE VOC TO BE DISSOLVED?

1. VOC SUFFERED BANKRUPTCY

Before it was officially dissolved, the VOC continued to experience setbacks

due to financial problems until it was finally declared bankrupt. The

financial crisis experienced by the VOC was caused by many things,

including the following:

Corruption of VOC

Huge spending on employees

Expenditure on war

VOC revenues decreased 13

SEM 1 2022/2023

2. BAD MANAGEMENT
The individual who drove the VOC to dissolve was Heeren Zeventien.
Heeren Zeventien was in charge of the VOC and had the authority to
create policies, limit the expansion of monopoly territories, manage
product flow, and choose the VOC's Governor General. However, it was
condemned for being negligent because its members owned their own
businesses, which in reality meant they took more risks to profit
themselves. He was also criticized for having a subpar financial
accounting system and a delayed employee response time. It is alleged
that the VOC's double-entry bookkeeping approach makes it challenging
to determine whether the business is generating a loss or a profit, and by
how much.

3. CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS
The VOC was significantly impacted by the shift in Dutch government in
1795. Following the French invasion of the Netherlands at that time, which
forced King Willem V to flee to England, the Kingdom of the Netherlands
became the Republic of Bataaf. Following that, a new monarchy known as
the Bataaf Republic was established in the Netherlands as a vassal state
of France (1795-1806). The new administration therefore made the
decision to seize the VOC's entire riches in order to pay off its debts. The
Bataaf Republic established a committee following its control of the VOC
and the abolition of its privileges and octroi rights. This committee
eventually concluded that the VOC could no longer be kept.

The VOC was officially dissolved on
December 31, 1799 and its immovable
properties such as colonies such as
Indonesia were taken over by the
government of the Bataaf Republic.

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hist 3390

1811-1824

THE FALL OF INDONESIA TO THE BRITISH

The year 1811 was a year in which Indonesia fell into the hands
of the British after being under the Dutch colonial rule for a
long time. Indonesia has fallen into the hands of the British
through the Treaty of Tuntang which has been signed between
the British government and also the Dutch government

WHAT IS THE TUNTANG TREATY?

Tuntang Treaty is an agreement that marked the handover of
Java from the Dutch to the British. The Tuntang Capitulation
was signed on September 18, 1811 in Tuntang, near Ambarawa,
Central Java. The location was chosen because it was a resting
place for Dutch East Indies dignitaries.

HISTORY OF THE TREATY OF TUNTANG

In May 1811, Daendels position as Governor General of the
Dutch East Indies was replaced by Jan Willem Janssens.
However, the tenure of Jan Willem Janssens did not last long
because the British fleet succeeded in breaking through Batavia
on August 4, 1811. Moreover, when Daendels left, the condition
of the army and its finances were already deplorable.

The British came with 60 warships carrying 15,000 troops and
500 horses. The fleet was commanded by Lord Minto, Samuel
Auchmuty, and Colonel Gillespei. This caused the Dutch to
surrender to the British government and the Treaty of Tuntang
was signed.

CONTENT OF THE TUNTANG TREATY

All of Java and its conquered areas were handed over to the British
All Dutch soldiers became British prisoners of war
All debts incurred during the reign of Daendels are not the
responsibility of England
All officers who want to cooperate with the British can be
reinstated
The army built by the kings can leave the union or go home

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SEM 1 2022/2023

ANGLO - DUTCH 1824
TREATY

In 1824, a very important thing happened in CONTENTS OF THE ANGLO-DUTCH TREATY
the history between the British and the
Netherlands, which was the signing of the The Dutch recognized the British
Anglo-Dutch Treaty on March 17, 1824. position in Singapore.
This agreement, better known as the Anglo-
Dutch Agreement of 1824, covers the division The Dutch will give Melaka to the
of colonial lands and business centers. British and in return, the British will
give Bangkahulu to the Dutch.
Regarding the colonies, the Dutch handed
over Malacca and its subjugated colonies to The elimination of pirates in the Malay
the British. He admitted that he will not open Islands area is the responsibility of both
any place in the Malay Peninsula or sign any sides (British & Dutch).
agreement with any king, ruler or any state in
Malaya and cancel all claims on the Malay The Dutch cannot make any agreement
Peninsula. or get involved in the affairs of the
Malay states.
The Dutch also confirmed the British
occupation of Singapore and withdrew all The British, on the other hand, cannot
objections to it. The Dutch were also required make any agreement or get involved in
to hand over their factories in India and the affairs of any government in the
withdraw all their claims on easements and south of Singapore, which is under the
exemptions. influence of the Dutch and also in
Sumatra.

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hist 3390

diponegoro war 1830-1835

The cause of the Diponegoro War or the Javanese EFFECTS OF THE DIPONEGORO
War was the attitude of Prince Diponegoro who did WAR:
not approve of Dutch intervention in government
affairs. Swallowing the death toll of
200,00 Javanese people
On the other hand, the government seems to be Swallowing casualties on the
powerless to face the political interference of the Dutch side amounted to
colonial government, but the palace circles actually 8,000 Dutch soldiers and
live in luxury and do not care about the suffering of 7,000 indigenous soldiers.
the people. The defeat of Pangeran
Diponegoro confirms Dutch
The condition of the local farmers suffering from the dominance over Java Island
misuse of land rental is also one of the factors that The king and regent of Java
make Prince Diponegoro angry. submit to the Dutch

Prince Diponegoro's frustration peaked when Patih
Danurejo ordered the Dutch to install pillars to make
a railway pass through his ancestor's tomb. Prince
Diponegoro who was fed up with the attitude of the
Dutch then created a resistance movement and
declared an attitude of war.

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1894 SEM 1 2022/2023

PERANG EFFECTS OF LOMBOK WAR
LOMBOK
In this attack, Cakranegara
At the end of the 19th century, the Palace was destroyed and as
political sovereignty of the Kingdom of many as 2,000 royal soldiers
Mataram, located on Lombok Island, were estimated to have died,
ended. while the Dutch only lost 166
people.
The sovereignty collapsed due to Dutch After the war, Lombok became
intervention in the Lombok War which part of the Dutch East Indies
took place between 1891-1894. and was governed from Bali.
Lombok's wealth, consisting of
This war started from a rebellion of the hundreds of kilos of gold,
Sasak community from Praya Village thousands of kilos of silver, and
against the Mataram Kingdom. literary works, was also
confiscated by the Dutch.
The Sasak community is desperate to
rebel because of their dissatisfaction
with the pattern of political policies
implemented by the king of Mataram,
Anak Agung Made Karangasem.

But out of desperation, the Sasak people
asked the Dutch for help, which in the
end made Bali and Lombok fully
colonized.

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HISTORY MAGAZINE

INDONESIAN HISTORY
SEM 1 2022/2023

PREPARED FOR DR ALWI AL-ATTAS