sheikh ruler majlis Bedouins of the Roman era.

Key Terms Chapter 7 Vocabulary: The Rise of Islam Visual

Bedouin Meaning

sheikh This term means a nomadic tribe from northern
Arabia who became important traders after the
domestication of the camel during the first
millennium B.C.E. Early converts to Islam, their
values and practices deeply affected Muhammad.

This term means the ruler of a Bedouin tribe;
later, used as a general honor.

majlis This term means a council of elders among the
Bedouins of the Roman era.
Hegira
This term describes the flight of Muhammad from
Mecca to Medina in 662, which marks the first
date on the official calendar of Islam.

umma This is a term that describes the Muslim
community as a whole.

Five Pillars of This term describes the core requirements of the
Islam Muslim faith: belief in Allah and his prophet,
Muhammad: prescribed prayers; observation of
Ramadan; pilgrimage to Mecca; and giving alms
to the poor.

Ramadan This term describes the holy month of Islam, Holy Month of Islam
ulama during which believers fast from dawn to sunset.
Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, Ramadan a group who wrote
migrates through the seasons. Shari’a law code

This term describes a group of leading Muslim
scholars who wrote the Shari’a law code based on
the Qur’an and the sayings of the Prophet after
the death of Muhammad.

Shari’a This term means a law code, originally drawn up Shari’a Law Code
Hadith by Muslim scholars shortly after the death of
caliph Muhammad, that provides believers with a set of Prophet Muhammad’s collection of
imam laws to regulate their daily lives. sayings
jihad
Shi’ites This term describes a collection of the sayings of
the Prophet Muhammad, used to supplement the
Sunni revelations contained in the Qur’an.
vizier
sultan This term means a secular or governmental
leader of the Islamic Community.

This term describes an Islamic religious leader. Secular or governmental leader
Some traditions say there is only one per Islamic Religious Leader
generation.
“holy war” against unbelievers
This term in Islam means “striving in the way of
the Lord.” The term has many interpretations –
which include “holy war” against unbelievers.

This term describes second largest tradition of
Islam, which split from the maturity Sunni soon
after the death of Muhammad in a disagreement
over his succession; especially significant in Iran
and Iraq.

This term describes the largest tradition of Islam,
from which the Shi’ites split soon after the death
of Muhammad in a disagreement over his
succession.

This term describes the prime minister in the
Abbasid caliphate or chief minister.

This term describes a person who is the “holder of chief minister
power” - a title commonly used by Muslim rulers
Holder of Power
in the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and elsewhere; still Muslim ruler in Ottoman Empire

in use in parts of Asia for regional authorities.

Crusades This term describes a military campaign in
defense of Christendom that took place in the
Middle Ages..

emir This term means a “commander”, a title used by
Muslim rulers in southern Spain and elsewhere.

Sufism This term means a mystical school of Islam, noted Muslim commander
mihrab for its music, dance, and poetry, which became
muezzin prominent in about the 13th century. Islamic School of music, dance and
caliph poetry in 13th century
This term means the niche in a mosque’s wall that
indicates the direction of Mecca, usually a cubbyhole or nook
containing an ornately decorated panel in a mosque’s wall
representing Allah. a man calling Muslims to prayer

The term means a man who calls Muslims to
prayer at the appointed times.

This term means secular leader of the Islamic
community.

a leader of Islam
but not a religious leader