DP024 FLIPBOOK 1 OF 3 (TOPIC 1-3)

THE GREEK ALPHABET

A  Alpha

B  Beta

  Gamma

  Delta

  Epsilon

  Zeta

  Eta

  Theta

  Iota

  Kappa

  Lambda

  Mu

  Nu.

  Xi

  Omicron

  Pi

  Rho

  Sigma

  Tau

  Upsilon

  ,  Phi

  Chi

  Psi

  Omega


i

LIST OF SELECTED CONSTANT VALUES
SENARAI NILAI PEMALAR TERPILIH

ii

LIST OF SELECTED CONSTANT VALUES
SENARAI NILAI PEMALAR TERPILIH

iii

LIST OF SELECTED FORMULAE
SENARAI RUMUS TERPILIH

1. a    2 x

2. x  A sin t B  o NI
17. 2R
v  dx
3. dt B  o NI
18.  L
a  dv 19.   B  A
4. dt 20. Φ = N
21. ε  Blvsin
5. y(x,t)  A sin(t  kx)

v  dy  NA dB
6. dt

7. v  f 22. ε dt

I  dQ  NB dA
8. dt dt
23. ε
  RA
9. l 24. r  2 f

10. Reff  R1  R2  R3  ... Rn 1 11
25. f u v
1  1  1  1  ... 1
11. Reff R1 R2 R3 Rn m  hi   v
26. ho u
1  1  1  1  ... 1
12. Ceff C1 C2 C3 Cn ym  mD
d
27.

13. Ceff  C1  C2  C3  ... Cn  m  1 D

t ym   2
d
14. Q  Qo e RC 28.

Q  Qo 1 - e t  y  D
RC 29. d

15.

B  oI
16. 2R

iv

TOPIC 1
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
1.0 Simple Harmonic Motion
a) Define SHM as = − 2
b) Sketch the acceleration-displacement ( − ) graph.
c) Interpret − graphs for SHM.
d) Define amplitude A, period T, and frequency f of SHM.
e) Identify and sketch graph of displacement – time ( = )
f) Solve problems related to displacement equation of SHM.
(Exp. 1: Simple Harmonic Motion)

1

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)

1. Define simple harmonic motion

A. Periodic motion without loss of energy in which the acceleration is
inversely proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position
and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in opposite direction
of the displacement

B. Periodic motion without loss of energy in which the acceleration is
inversely proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position
and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in same direction of
the displacement

C. Periodic motion without loss of energy in which the acceleration is
directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position
and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in same direction of
the displacement

D. Periodic motion without loss of energy in which the acceleration is
directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position
and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in opposite direction
of the displacement

2. Which of the following statements is true about the magnitude of the
acceleration for an object undergoing simple harmonic motion?
A. Directly proportional to velocity
B. Inversely proportional to velocity
C. Directly proportional to displacement
D. Inversely proportional to displacement

2

3. A 5 kg ball is compressed at the highest end of a spring and undergoing
simple harmonic motion. At which position the acceleration is minimum?

FIGURE 1.1
4. For a system in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is the number

of vibrations per unit of time?
A. Period
B. Frequency
C. Amplitude
D. Revolution
5. Which of the following is not an example of SHM?
A. A vibrating spring.
B. A simple pendulum.
C. Bouncing on a trampoline.
D. A marble on a concave surface.

ANSWER:
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C

3

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

(C3, PLO 4, CTPS 2, MQF LOD 6)

1. A spring makes 12 vibrations in 40 s. Find the period and frequency of the
vibration.

2.

FIGURE 1.2

For the simple harmonic motion shown is FIGURE 1.2, what are the
amplitude, period, and frequency?

3. If particle undergoes SHM with amplitude 0.18 m, what is the total distance it
travels in one period?

4. The displacement of a particle undergoing a simple harmonic motion is given
as: = 9 4 where x is in meter and t in second. Determine
(a) the amplitude
(b) the angular velocity
(c) the period of oscillation
(d) the displacement when t = 0.2 s
(e) sketch the displacement-time graph of the particle

5. A 0.5 kg body performs simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 2 Hz and
an amplitude of 8 mm. Determine
(a) the expression of displacement in term of time.
(b) displacement at t = 0.2 s
(c) maximum acceleration
(d) acceleration if its displacement is +3 mm

6. A body of mass 100 g hangs from a long spiral spring. When pull down 10 cm
below its equilibrium position and released, it vibrates with a period of 2 s.
Calculate its acceleration when it is 5 cm above the equilibrium position?
(assuming upward is positive)

7. One end of a tuning fork oscillates in simple harmonic motion of amplitude
0.50 mm and period of oscillation of 0.001 s. Determine
(a) the maximum acceleration
(b) the acceleration when the displacement is 0.10 mm
(c) Deduce an expression for the displacement, x in terms of the time, t.
Assume that when t = 0 s, the end of tuning fork is at the equilibrium
position.

4

8. The equation of motion for a mass at the end of a particular spring is
= 0.3 n( 2 ) . Calculate
(a) displacement at t = 0.5 s and 2 s
(b) acceleration when its displacement is 0.15 m.
(c) maximum acceleration.
(d) sketch the acceleration-displacement graph
(e) sketch the displacement-time graph of the motion.

9.

FIGURE 1.3

Figure 1.3 shows an example of SHM. What is
(a) the amplitude
(b) the period
(c) the frequency
(d) write the expression in the form of a sine.
(e) displacement at t = 7 ms.

10. The displacement of a particle in simple harmonic motion is described by the

equation: = 5 n( 2 + ) where x in meter and t in seconds. When t = 8.0 s

3

(a) the displacement
(b) the acceleration
(c) maximum acceleration
(d) sketch acceleration-displacement graph for the particle

ANSWER:

1. 3.3 s, 0.3 Hz

2. 0.0075 m, 0.2 s, 5 Hz

3. 0.72 m

4. (a) 9 m (b)4 −1 (c) 0.5 s (d) 5.29 m

(e) DIY

5. (a) = 0.008 ( 4 ) m (b) 4.7 × 10−3 (c) 1.26 −2 (d) −0.47 −2

6. −0.49 −2

7. (a) 1.97 x 104 ms-2 (b) -3.95 x 103 ms-2 (c) 0.5 × 10−3 ( 2000 ) m

8. (a) 0.25 m, -0.23 m (b) 0.6 ms-2 (c) 1.2 ms-2 (d) DIY

(e) DIY

9. (a) 0.07 m (b) 4 ms (c) 250 Hz

(d) = 0.07 ( 500 ) (e) -0.07 m
(c) 20 ms-2
10. (a) -4.87 m (b) 19.48 ms-2 (d) DIY

5

TOPIC 2
MECHANICAL WAVES
2.0 Properties of waves
a) Define mechanical waves and the formation.
b) State the properties of transverse wave and longitudinal wave.
c) Define amplitude,A, frequency,f, period T, wavelength,λ, and wave number,k.
d) Interprate equation for progressive wave
e) Use equation for progressive wave, y(x, t)  A sin( wt  kx)
f) State particle vibrational velocity.
g) Use particle vibrational velocity as =



h) Use the wave propagation velocity , =
(Experiment 2: Sound waves)

6

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)

1. A wave is transporting energy from left to right. The particles of the medium

are moving back and forth in a leftward and rightward direction. This type of

wave is known as a

A. mechanical C. transverse

B. electromagnetic D. longitudinal

2. If y = 0.02 sin (400t - 30x) the amplitude, angular frequency and wave number
of the wave are

Amplitude (m) Angular Frequency (rad s-1) Wave Number (m-1)
A. 0.02 400t 30x
B. 0.02 30 400
C. 0.02 400 30
D. 30 0.02 400

3. A certain harmonic wave is passing through a medium. What is the effect on
the wave when the frequency of the wave is reduced by half?
A. The period of wave is halved.
B. The speed of wave is doubled.
C. The amplitude of wave is halved.
D. The wavelength of the wave is doubled.

4.

FIGURE 2.1
Two pulses are traveling towards each other at 10 cm s-1 on a long string at
t = 0 s, as shown in FIGURE 10.1. Which of the following correctly shows the
shape of the string at t = 0.5 s.

A.
B.

C.

D.

7

5.

FIGURE 2.2

The graph above shows in FIGURE 2.2 the displacement of the particles in a
transverse progressive wave against the distance from the source at a particular
instant. The points where the speed of the particles is zero and the acceleration of
the particles is maximum.

A. P and R
B. Q and S
C. Q and T
D. P, R and T

ANSWERS:

1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A

8

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

(C4, PLO 4, CTPS 3, MQF LOD 6)

1 A progressive wave is described as


= 2 sin [2 (0.40 + 80)]

where x and y are in cm and t is in seconds. Determine the following from this wave
(a) amplitude
(b) wavelength
(c) frequency
(d) speed

2

FIGURE 2.3 (a)

FIGURE 2.3 (b)

FIGURE 10.3 (a) shows a graph of displacement, y against time, t and FIGURE 10.3
(b) shows a graph of displacement, y against distance, x of a progressive wave.
From the graphs, deduce
(a) the angular frequency.
(b) the wave number.
(c) the wave propagation velocity.
(d) the particle vibrational velocity when displaced vertically 1.2 cm from

the equilibrium position.
(e) the displacement equation of the progressive wave.

3 The progressive wave equation is given as y(x,t) = 5 sin (3πt – 1/2πx) where x and y
in meter and time in second. Calculate period, wavelength and speed of the wave.

4. The following equation represents a wave motion:

= 0.4sin (314 + )
0.15

where y and x are in meter and t is in second.

(a) Calculate the wavelength.
(b) Calculate the speed of wave.
(c) State the direction of wave propagation.

9

5.

FIGURE 2.4

FIGURE 2.4 shows a progressive wave profile, y which propagates with maximum
displacement, A and angular frequency, . Write the wave motion equation.

6. A progressive wave propagates along a string to the positive-x direction at a speed
of 1100 m s-1. If the maximum displacement is 0.5 m and does 25 cycles

per second,

(a) determine wave length, angular frequency, and wave number
(b) write the wave motion equation when at time t = 0 s, x = 0 m, and
maximum displacement is in the negative direction.

7. A progressive wave with velocity 300 m s-1, frequency 600 Hz, and amplitude
20 cm is propagating from left to right.

(a) Calculate the wavelength of the wave.
(b) Write a wave equation for the wave.

8. (a) What is meant by wave propagation velocity?
(b) A transverse wave produced in a string is described by the expression

y  0.002 sin30.0x  2ft 

where y and x are in meter and t in second. If the wave travels at a speed of
30.0 m s1, calculate its frequency.

9. A progressive wave is represented by equation;
= 20 (150 − 1.8 )

where y is the displacement in cm, t is the time in second and x is the distance in
m. Calculate the wave velocity.

10. A progressive wave propagates towards positive-x direction with a velocity of
5 m s-1. The amplitude and wavelength are 15 mm and 40 cm respectively.

(a) Determine the wave equation.
(b) Calculate the vibrational speed of a particle at position x = 0.5 cm at time, t =

0.2 s.

10

ANSWERS:

1. (a) 2 cm (b) 80 cm (c) 2.5 Hz
(d) 200 cm s-1
(b) 0.4π cm-1 (c) 1.25 x 10-2 m s-1
2. (a) 0.5π rad s-1 (e) DIY
(d) ±2.51×10-2 m s-1 (b) DIY (c) DIY
(b) 46.97 m s-1 (c) DIY
3. (a) 2/3 s, 4 m, 6 m s-1
(b) DIY
4. (a)0.94 m (b) DIY
(b) 144Hz
5. DIY
6. (a) 44m, 0.14radm-1 (b) -1.17ms-1

7. (a) 0.5m

8. (a) DIY

9. DIY
10. (a) DIY

11

TOPIC 3
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUITS

3.0 Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits

a) Define electric current

b) Use the formulae for electric current, =


c) Define resistivity

d) Use the formulae for resistivity, =


e) State the Ohm’s law

f) Use the formulae for Ohm’s law, =

g) Sketch the V-I graph for ohmic conductor

h) Calculate the effective resistance of resistors in series and parallel by using the

formula:

i. Series:

= 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ +

ii. Parallel:

1 = 1 1 1 1
+ + +⋯+

1 2 3

(Experiment 3: Ohm’s law: Resistor in Series and parallel)

12

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(C2, PLO 1, MQF LOD 1)

1. An ampere, A, is equivalent to a
A. Coulomb per ohm
B. volt per coulomb
C. coulomb per time
D. volt per time

2. When electric current flows down a wire:
A. electrons are moving in the direction of the current
B. electrons are moving opposite the direction of the current
C. protons are moving in the direction of the current
D. protons are moving opposite the direction of the current

3. In the statement of Ohm’s Law, which of these physical quantities is constant
A. length of the conductor
B. cross sectional area of the conductor
C. current flows through the conductor
D. resistance of the conductor

4.

FIGURE 3.1

FIGURE 3.1 shows the electric circuit contains 5 light bulbs. The voltage of a
battery is 110 V. Which light bulb(s) is(are) brightest?

A. A: The one closest to the positive terminal of the battery.
B. A and B: Because they are closest to the terminals of the battery.
C. C and D: Because they receive current from A and B and from E.
D. E: Because the potential difference across E is that of the battery.

5. Two lightbulbs of resistance R1 and R2 (where R1 < R2) are connected in series.
Which is brighter if they are connected to a battery?
A. Lightbulb of resistance R1 is brighter
B. Lightbulb of resistance R2 is brighter
C. Lightbulbs of resistance R1 and R2 have same bright
D. Lightbulbs of resistance R1 and R2 have no light

ANSWERS: 3. D 4. D 5. B
1. C 2.B 13

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

(C3, PLO 4, CTPS 2, MQF LOD 6)

1. (a) A current of 4 A flows in the circuit for 3 hours. What is the total charge
flows during this period?

(b) A current of 1.30 A flows in a wire. How many electrons are flowing past any
point in the wire per second?

(c) A service station charges a battery using a current of 6.7 A for 5.0 h. How
much charge passes through the battery?

2. A potential difference 24 V is applied to 150 Ω resistor. Calculate the magnitude of
the current flows through the resistor.

3. A hair dryer draws 7.5 A direct current when plugged into a 120-V inlet.
(a) What is its resistance?
(b) How much charge passes through it in 15 min?

4. (a) What is the diameter of a 1.0 m length of tungsten wire whose
resistance is 0.32  ? (Given tungsten = 5.6 × 10−8 Ω m )

(b) What is the resistance of a 3.5 m length of copper wire 1.5 mm in
diameter? (Given copper = 1.68 × 10−8 Ω m )

5. A potential difference of 8 V is applied across metal wire with uniform cross-
sectional area of 0.08 mm2 and length of 0.5 m. Determine the resistivity of the wire
if the electric current flow is 1.2 A.

6. A certain copper wire has a resistance of 10.0 . .
(a) At what point along its length must the wire be cut so that the resistance of
one piece is 4.0 times the resistance of the other?
(b) What is the resistance of each piece?

7. Four copper wires of equal length are connected in series. Their cross-sectional
areas are 1.0 cm2, 2.0 cm2, 3.0 cm2, and 5.0 cm2. A potential difference of 120 V is
applied across the combination. Determine the voltage across the 2.0 cm2 wire.

14

8. Calculate the equivalent resistance and total current flow from battery for
eachcircuit in FIGURE 3.2 below.

(a) 5 Ω 3Ω
(b) 4 Ω

6Ω

15 V 6 Ω 4 Ω

12 V

(c) 7Ω (d) 5 Ω
30 V 15 Ω 4 Ω 1 Ω
30 V 20 Ω 10 Ω 5Ω

FIGURE 3.2 15 Ω

9.

FIGURE 3.3

(a) Find the equivalent resistance between points a and b in FIGURE 3.3.
(b) A potential difference of 34.0 V is applied between points a and b. Calculate

the current in each resistor.

15

10.

FIGURE 3.4
Consider the circuit shown in FIGURE 3.4. Find
(a) the current in the 20.0 Ω resistor and
(b) the potential difference between points a and b.

ANSWERS: b) 8.13 x 1018 electrons / s c) 1.2 x 105 C

1. a) 4.32 x 104 C b) 6.8 x 103 C
2. 0.16 A b) 3.3 x 10-2 Ω
3. a) 16 Ω
4. a) 4.7 x 10-4 m b) 0.2 Ω AND 0.8 Ω
5. 1.07 x 10-7 Ω m
6. a) 0.2L OR 0.8L b) 6 Ω, 2 A c) 5.13 Ω, 5.85A
7. 29.5 V
8. a) 7.4 Ω, 2.03 A b) 1.99 A, 1.17 A, 0.818 A , 1.99 A
b) 5.68 V
d) 10 Ω, 3 A
9. a) 17.1 Ω
10. a) 0.227 A

16