Walk in Class Cell Structure Function

Walk in Class Biology
(DB014)
4th September 2019

By:
Madam Sharifah NurulA’in Balqis Syed Mohd

DKB 2

CHAPTER 2

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

SUBTOPIC OF CHAPTER 2

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

Subtopic
2.1 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
2.2 Structures and functions: cell

membrane and organelles
2.3 Cells are grouped into tissues
2.4 Cell transport

2.1 : Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

3 principles of cells theory Explain the structures of
Eukaryotic cell & Prokaryotic cell
• All organisms composed of cells
• Cells are basic unit of structure

and function of organisms
• Cells arise from pre-existing

cells by cell division

Comparison between Eukaryotic
cell & Prokaryotic cell

Similarities Differences Differences between animal
and plant cells
DNA, ribosomes, Distinct nucleus, DNA,
plasma organelles, size, cell Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole,
centrioles, storage form, cilia,
membrane, wall, uni/multicellular, lysosomes, plasmodesmata
cytoplasm flagella, cell division

PSPM 2014/2015
QUESTION 1

Compare the structures between

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
[10 marks]



No. Answer Mar
k

Similarities

1 Both cells contain DNA that carries genetic 1
material

2 Both cells have ribosome that involves in 1
protein synthesis

3 Both cells are bounded by plasma 1
membrane

4 Both cells have cytoplasm 1

TOTAL 4
MAXIMUM 3

No. Answer Marks

Differences

1. Prokaryote has no distinct nucleus while eukaryote has distinct 1
nucleus

2. DNA of prokaryotes is circular and not associated with histone 1
protein while in eukaryotes, DNA is linear and associated with
histone protein

3. Prokaryote has no membrane bound organelles while eukaryotes 1
has membrane bound organelles

4. Prokaryotes are generally small in size while eukaryotes larger

5. Prokaryote has smaller ribosome, 70S while eukaryote has larger 1
ribosome 80S

6. The cell wall of prokaryotes made up of peptidoglycan while in 1
eukaryotes made up of cellulose (plant cell) and chitin (fungi)

7. Prokaryotes are always unicellular while eukaryotes often 1
multicellular

TOTAL 7
MAXIMUM 7

2.2: Structures and Functions: Plasma membrane
and Organelles

Detail structure Organelles Fluid Mosaic Model
No membrane

Single membrane Definition Fluid
Double membrane Mosaic

Structures and functions

• Phospholipids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrate chains
• cholesterol

QUESTION 2
FIGURE 1 shows two organelles of an eukaryotic cell.

Organelle A Organelle B

FIGURE 1 [2 marks]
a) Name the organelles labelled A and B in FIGURE 1.

b) List TWO similarities for organelles A and B in FIGURE 1. [2 marks]

c) State TWO end products for the chemical process which occurs in

organelle A. [2 marks]

QUESTION 2
FIGURE 1 shows two organelles of an eukaryotic cell

Organelle A FIGURE 1 Organelle B

a) Name the organelles labelled A and B in FIGURE 1. [2 marks]

A- Chloroplast B- mitochondria

b) List TWO similarities for organelles A and B in FIGURE 1. [2 marks]
Both have own DNA and ribosomes
Both have double membrane

c) State TWO end products for the chemical process which occurs in
organelle A. [2 marks]
Glucose, oxygen

QUESTION 3
Distinguish the structure between plant and

animal cells.
[5 marks]

No. Animal cells Plant cells Mark
1 No (cellulose) cell wall
2 No plasmodesmata Have (rigid) cellulose cell 1/0
wall.
3 No chloroplast
Plasmodesmata present in 1/0
4 Small and temporary cell walls/ within the
vacuoles adjacent cell wall

5 No tonoplast Chloroplast present in 1/0
6 Nucleus often central photosynthetic cells/ for
photosynthesis

Large, permanent central 1/0
vacuole (filled with cell sap)

Tonoplast surrounds 1/0
vacuoles

Nucleus usually peripheral in 1/0
mature cell

No Animal cells Plant cells Mark
. s
7 Cytoplasm throughout the
Cytoplasm usually 1/0
cell peripheral in mature cell
8 Centrioles present
9 Carbohydrate storage in the No centrioles 1/0

form of glycogen Carbohydrate storage in the 1/0
10 Some cells have cilia or form of starch

flagella Flagella in some specialized 1/0
cell/ lower plant male
11 Lysosome present gamete/ antherozoid

Lysosome absent 1/0

TOTAL 11
MAXIMUM 5

QUESTION 4
Explain the structure of a plasma

membrane [5 marks]

STRUCTURE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
(FLUID MOSAIC MODEL)

No. Answer Marks

1 Main component of plasma membrane is phospholipid bilayer 1

2 The integral proteins are embedded partially in the membrane. 1

3 Some transmembrane proteins penetrate through the membrane. 1

4 Peripheral protein is protein that attach to phospholipid bilayer 1

5 Carbohydrate chain attach to protein called glycoprotein. 1

6 Carbohydrate chain attach to phospholipid called glycolipid. 1

7 Cholesterol molecules are found between phospholipids molecule/ 1
tails

81

TOTAL 8
MAXIMUM 5

DEFINITION OF FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

FLUID – Phospholipid bilayer can move laterally or flip flop
while protein can move laterally
MOSAIC – Several protein are embedded in or attached to
phospholipid bilayer

2.3: Cells are group into tissues

Animal tissues Epithelial

Nervous/
neuron
Muscle

Connective

Plant tissues

Permanent tissue

Ground Vascular
tissue bundle

parenchyma collenchyma sclerenchyma xylem phloem

QUESTION 5
FIGURE 2 shows tissues in an animal.

Tissue W FIGURE 2 Tissue X

a) State the type of tissues W and X based on FIGURE 2. [2 marks]
b) How does tissue W differ from X? [1 mark]
c) Suggest ONE location tissue X can be found. [1 mark]
d) State the function of tissue W. [1 mark]

QUESTION 5
FIGURE 2 shows epithelial tissues in an animal

Tissue W FIGURE 2 Tissue X

a) State the type of tissues W and X based on FIGURE 2. [2 marks]
W : Connective tissue X: Muscle tissue

b) How does W differ from X? [1 mark]
• W is biconcave disk shape whereas X is spindle in shape
• W do not has nucleus whereas X has one nucleus per muscle fiber.

QUESTION 5
FIGURE 2 shows epithelial tissues in an animal

Tissue W FIGURE 2 Tissue X

c) Suggest ONE location tissue X can be found. [1 mark]
Uterus /Blood vessel / Urinary bladder [1 mark]

d) State the function of tissue W.
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

QUESTION 6

Explain the structure and function of the following cells

I. Parenchyma [4 marks]
II. Collenchyma [4 marks]



No. Answer Mark
Parenchyma
Structure: 1
1
1 Isodiametric in shape with large central 1
vacuole
1
2 Loosely arranged with many intercellular 1
air spaces 1

3 Has thin primary cell wall without
secondary cell wall

Function:
4 For support and turgidity
5 Allow gaseous exchange
6 Storage organ for food organ

No. Answer Mark

Collenchyma 1
Structure 1
7 Polygonal in shape 1
8 Closely packed with few intercellular air
spaces

9 Thick primary cell wall and unevenly
thicken at the corner.

Function:

10 Give mechanical strength and flexibility/ 1
elastic support

11 As supporting tissue 1

2.4: Cells Transport

Passive transport Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

Cell Sodium-potassium
transport pump

Active transport Bulk Transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

QUESTION 7
FIGURE 3 shows cell A immersed in two different solutions,
Y and Z.

FIGURE 3 [2 marks]
[2 marks]
a) Define osmosis in terms of water potential [4 marks]
b) Calculate the water potential of cell A.
c) State what happens to cell A when it is immersed into

solution Y and Z. Give ONE reason for your answer

FIGURE 3 shows cell A immersed in two different solutions, Y and Z.

FIGURE 3

a) Define osmosis in terms of water potential [2 marks]

The net movement of water molecules from region of higher water potential
to lower water potential across selective permeable membrane.

b) Calculate the water potential of cell A. [2 marks]

Formula: Ψ = ΨS + ΨP

= -0.6 MPa + 0.3 MPa

= -0.3 MPa

FIGURE 3 shows cell A immersed in two different solutions, Y and Z.

FIGURE 3

c) State what happens to cell A when it is immersed into solution Y and Z. Give
ONE reason for your answer [4 marks]

Solution Y: Plasmolysed

Reason: water molecules diffuse out from cell

Solution Z: Turgid
Reason: water molecules diffuse into the cell

QUESTION 8 [4 marks]
[4 marks]
1. Describe passive transport.
2. Describe active transport.

No. Answer Mark

Passive transport

1 The movement of ions/ molecules/ solutes/ substances 1
across membrane

2 From a region of higher concentration to region of lower 1
concentration// down the concentration gradient

3 Do not requires energy/ ATP 1

4 Including facilitated diffusion/ simple diffusion/ osmosis 1

5 Occur in both living and non-living organism 1

TOTAL 5
MAXIMUM 4

No. Answer Mark

Active transport

6 Movements of ions/ molecules across a plasma 1
membranes

7 from a region of lower concentration to region of higher 1
concentration// against concentration gradient

8 Using specific transport// carrier protein 1

9 Requires ATP/ energy 1

10 Occur only in living organism

TOTAL 4
MAXIMUM 4



TQ for listening!