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1. Which of the following was/were palaeolithic sites in pre-historic India?
1. Hunsgi
2. Chirand
3. Kurnool
4. Bhimbetka
Select the correct answer using the code given below
A. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. 2, 3 and 4 only
Your Answer : A
0Correct Answer : C
63473Answer Justification :
7007Paleolithic Period, also spelled Palaeolithic Period, also called Old Stone Age, ancient
-cultural stage, or level of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary
ail.comchipped stone tools.
svaishali635@gm2. Consider the following statements regarding Al-Biruni
1. Al-Biruni was entrusted by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni to write an account of the Indian
-subcontinent.
h2. This Arabic work is known as the Kitab-ul-Hind.
ing3. Muhammad bin Tughlaq appointed him as the qazi or judge of Delhi.
aishali SWhich of the statements given above are correct?
V A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, Afghanistan
He ruled from 997 to 1030, and extended control over parts of Central Asia, Iran and the
north-western part of the subcontinent.
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He raided the subcontinent almost every year – his targets were wealthy temples,
including that of Somnath, Gujarat.
Much of the wealth Mahmud carried away was used to create a splendid capital city at
Ghazni.
Sultan Mahmud was also interested in finding out more about the people he conquered,
and entrusted a scholar named Al-Biruni to write an account of the subcontinent. This
Arabic work, known as the Kitab-ul-Hind, remains an important source for historians.
He consulted Sanskrit scholars to prepare this account.
Ibn Battuta
34730Travelling overland through Central Asia, Ibn Battuta reached Sind in 1333.
- 70076He had heard about Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi, and lured by
ail.comhis reputation as a generous patron of arts and letters, set off for Delhi, passing
through Multan and Uch.
5@gmThe Sultan was impressed by his scholarship, and appointed him the qazi or
ali63judge of Delhi. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
h - svaish3. Which of the following plays was/were written by the poet Kalidasa?
ing1. Malavikagnimitra
ali S2. Swapnavasavadatta
aish3. Ratnavali
V Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. None
Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Major Sanskrit Dramas written by the poet Kalidasa:
1. Malavikagnimitra : The love story of Malavika a maiden of Queen and Agnimitra the son of
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Pushyamitra Shunga.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
2. Vikramorvasiya : Love story of Vikram and Urvasi
3. Abhigyana Shakuntala: The recognition of Shakuntala
Swapnavasavadatta (Vasavadatta in dream) was written by Bhasa.
The ruler Harshavardhana wrote Ratnavali which is about the love story of princess
Ratnavali, daughter of the king of Ceylon and king Udayana. We find here, the mention
of celebration of Holi for the first time
Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 are incorrect.
076347304. Consider the following statements
701. Women gained significant political privileges during later Vedic period
m -2. Larger kingdoms were formed during the later Vedic period.
ail.co3. Charak Samhita mainly deals with use of plants and herbs for medicinal purposes.
gmWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
5@A. 1 only
ali63B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
svaishD. 1, 2 and 3
h -Your Answer : B
ingCorrect Answer : B
aishali SAnswer Justification :
V During later Vedic Period, there was no improvement in the status of women. They
were still considered inferior and subordinate to men. Women also lost their political rights of
attending assemblies. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
Larger kingdoms were formed during the later Vedic period. Many jana or tribes were
amalgamated to form janapadas or rashtras in the later Vedic period.
Charak Samhita mainly deals with use of plants and herbs for medicinal purposes.
5. Consider the following statements regarding Cholas
1. Vijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur.
2. Muvendavelan was a title used for land less laborers.
3. Inscriptions from Uttaramerur, Tamil Nadu, provide details of the way in which the sabha was
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organised.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Cholas
34730Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient chiefly family of the Cholas from
76Uraiyur, captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of the ninth
700century.
ail.com -A minor chiefly family known as the Muttaraiyar held power in the Kaveri delta.
They were subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram.
ali635@gmVijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur and a temple for goddess Nishumbhasudini
svaishthere.
-The Chola kings gave some rich landowners titles like muvendavelan (a velanor
inghpeasant serving three kings), araiyar (chief), etc. as markers of respect, and
Sentrusted them with important offices of the state at the centre. Hence,
Vaishalistatement 2 is incorrect.
Inscriptions from Uttaramerur in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, provide
details of the way in which the sabha was organised.
The sabha had separate committees to look after irrigation works, gardens,
temples, etc. Names of those eligible to be members of these committees were
written on small tickets of palm leaf; these tickets were put into an earthenware
pot, from which a young boy was asked to take out the tickets, one by one for each
committee.
6. Consider the following statements:
1. Santhal tribe primarily celebrates the Wangala festival in Madhya Pradesh.
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2. Cheiraoba festival is celebrated all across the State of Manipur.
3. The Sekrenyi festival is celebrated by the Toda tribes of Tamil Nadu.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 only
D. None
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
0Wangala Festival of Meghalaya is a most popular festival among the Garos of
73Meghalaya, India. Wangala Festival is a harvest festival held in honour of Saljong, the Sun-
634god of fertility. The celebration of the Wangala Festival marks the end of a period of toil, which
07brings good output of the fields. It also signifies the onset of winter.
- 70Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
ail.comCheiraoba festival is celebrated in the entire Manipur to mark the beginning of a new
myear.
35@gHence, statement 2 is correct.
svaishali6The Sekrenyi festival, known locally as Phousanyi, is a major annual festival of the
Angami Nagas, among the many festivals held by them, in the state of Nagaland.
h -Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
aishali Sing7. Consider the following statements regarding Indus Valley Civilization.
V1. Bronze was extensively used during this period.
2. Buffalo, Goat and Elephants were domesticated by the Indus people.
3. Irrigation was practised in Indus Valley.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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All the statements given above are correct.
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE;
mature period 2600–1900 BCE). Harappans were unaware of iron usage.
Animals such as dog, buffalo, goat, elephants had been domesticated. However, they
did not domesticate Horse.
Earlier, a broad division of cultivated crops among those areas in and around the Indus valley
on the one hand and Gujarat on the other hand, used to be recognized.
In the Indus area, the cereal component was considered to be exclusively of wheat and barley
while in Gujarat, rice and millets were more important However, both rice and finger millet
have now been discovered in Harappa.
30There is a range of other cultivated crops including peas, lentils, chickpeas, sesame, flax,
47legumes and cotton. The range suggests cotton. In Sind, cotton is usually a summer
763crop and such crops have generally been cultivated with the help of irrigation.
ail.com - 7008. Consider the following statements regarding Delhi
1. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under Delhi Sultanate.
gm2. Coins minted in Delhi were called as dehliwal.
ali635@Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
svaishA. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
h -D. Neither 1 nor 2
ali SingYour Answer : B
VaishCorrect Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Delhi
Delhi became an important city only in the twelfth century.
Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs, who were
defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by the Chauhans (also referred to
as Chahamanas) of Ajmer. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi became an important commercial
centre.
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Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples.
Coins minted here, called dehliwal, had a wide circulation.
9. Consider the following statements regarding the Hindustani Music:
1. In Hindustani Music, there are several sub-styles which lead to emergence of ‘Gharanas’.
2. Dhrupad is a form of Hindustani classical music.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
30D. Neither 1 nor 2
76347Your Answer : C
00Correct Answer : C
ail.com - 7Answer Justification :
mBoth statements given above are correct.
5@gToday we recognise two systems of classical music: the Hindustani and the Carnatic.
svaishali63Hindustani Classical Music:
There are several sub-styles which lead to emergence of ‘Gharanas’.
ingh -There are ten main styles of singing in Hindustani music like the ‘Dhrupad’, ‘Dhamar’,
S‘Hori’, ‘Khayal’, ‘Tappa’, ‘Chaturang’, ‘Ragasagar’, ‘Tarana’, ‘Sargam’ and ‘Thumri’.
aishaliDhrupad is one of the oldest and grandest forms of Hindustani classical music and
V finds it mention even in Natyashastra (200 BC–200 AD)
http://ccrtindia.gov.in/hindustaniclassicalmusic.php
10. Consider the following statements regarding Tawarikh
1. They were written in Arabic.
2. The authors of tawarikh lived in cities (mainly Delhi).
3. These authors advised rulers on the need to preserve an “ideal” social order.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
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D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Tarikh(singular)/Tawarikh(plural)
Although inscriptions, coins and architecture provide a lot of information,
especially valuable are “histories”, tarikh(singular)/tawarikh(plural), written in
Persian, the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans. Hence,
statement 1 is incorrect.
4730The authors of tawarikh were learned men: secretaries, administrators, poets and
763courtiers, who both recounted events and advised rulers on governance, emphasising
00the importance of just rule.
ail.com - 7Keep the following additional details in mind:
gm(1) The authors of tawarikh lived in cities (mainly Delhi) and hardly ever in villages.
35@(2) They often wrote their histories for Sultans in the hope of rich rewards.
svaishali6(3) These authors advised rulers on the need to preserve an “ideal” social order based on
birthright and gender distinctions. Their ideas were not shared by everybody.
ali Singh -11. Consider the following statements
aish1. The first modern accounts of the ruins of the Indus civilization were those of Charles Masson.
V2. The Harappan culture reached its climax during the late-Harappan stage.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
The first modern accounts of the ruins of the Indus Civilisation were those of Charles
Masson.
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In the late-Harappan stage, the decline of the Indus culture started. The excavations at
Lothal reveal this stage of evolution. Children’s toys in IVC include little clay carts. Marbles,
balls and dice were used for games. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
12. Consider the following statements:
1. Raziyya was a ruler under Khalji Dynasty.
2. Queen Rudramadevi was ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal.
3. Didda ruled in Kashmir.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
0C. 3 only
73D. 1, 2 and 3
07634Your Answer : B
70Correct Answer : B
ail.com -Answer Justification :
mWhat Minhaj-iSiraj thought about Raziyya?
ali635@gMinhaj-iSiraj thought that the queen’s rule went against the ideal social order created by
svaishGod, in which women were supposed to be subordinate to men.
h -He therefore asked: “In the register of God’s creation, since her account did not fall
ingunder the column of men, how did she gain from all of her excellent qualities?”
aishali SOn her inscriptions and coins, Raziyya mentioned that she was the daughter of Sultan
V Iltutmish.
This was in contrast to the queen Rudramadevi (1262- 1289), of the Kakatiya dynasty of
Warangal, part of modern Andhra Pradesh. Rudramadevi changed her name on her
inscriptions and pretended she was a man.
Another queen, Didda, ruled in Kashmir (980-1003). Her title is interesting: it comes
from “didi” or “elder sister”, an obviously affectionate term given to a loved ruler by her
subjects.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
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13. Consider the following statements regarding the various traditional theatre forms in India:
1. Raasleela is based exclusively on Lord Krishna legends.
2. Bhavai is the traditional theatre form of Odisha.
3. Krishnattam, folk theatre of Kerala, came into existence under the patronage of King
Manavada of Calicut.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 2 and 3 only
0Your Answer : A
473Correct Answer : B
0763Answer Justification :
m - 70Raasleela is based exclusively on Lord Krishna legends; it is believed that Nand Das
ail.cowrote the initial plays based on the life of Krishna. In this theatre form the dialogues in
prose combined beautifully with songs and scenes from Krishna's pranks.
@gmHence, statement 1 is correct.
ali635Bhavai is the traditional theatre form of Gujarat. The centers of this form are Kutch and
svaishKathiawar.
-Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
inghKrishnattam, folk theatre of Kerala, came into existence in the middle of 17th century
ali SA.D. under the patronage of King Manavada of Calicut. Krishnattam is a cycle of eight
Vaishplays performed for eight consecutive days.
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
14. Which of the following towns is/are major ports during the times of Ancient India?
1. Bharuch
2. Sopara
3. Syrastrene
4. Poduca
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
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D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
It was a detail-packed lecture the other morning at the Madras Literary Society when KRA
Narasiah, former naval engineer and now history buff, went back to the sea and made the
Greek of The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea English and Tamil for his audience. The Guide to
the Red Sea, its title in translation, is an anonymous Greek merchant’s tale of his voyage from
the Greek port of Piraeus to the ports of the Red Sea, which is the Red Sea itself and all seas
beyond it to the mouth of the Ganges. It was a journey by sea to Alexandria, by land to
Heliopolis (Cairo), by boat 300 miles up the Nile and then by camel to the ports of Myos
0Hormos or the much bigger Berenike, then onwards. Written in 60 AD, it is considered the last
73word on the ports of India of that period.
07634Listing those ports by their present-day names is what Narasiah did that morning, among
70other fact-dropping. That listing, done with the help of various translations of The Periplus by
-British and German historians, Narasiah made come alive locally with their mention in Sangam
ail.comliterature and Tamil classics like the Silappathikaram. Some of these ports/hinterlands are:
Barygaza — Bharuch; Syrastrene — Saurashtra; Suppara — Soppara; Muziris —
mPattanam; Colchi — Korkai; Camera – Puhar (Poompuhar); Poduca — Puducherry;
@gSopatama — Marakkanam; Maisolia — Masulipatnam; and Dasarna — Orissa.
ali635https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-ancient-ports-of-india/article181983
svaish07.ece
ingh -15. Consider the following statements regarding Alauddin Khilji
ali S1. Alauddin chose to pay his soldiers salaries in cash.
aish2. He used “token” currency system.
V3. Alauddin controlled the prices of goods in Delhi.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Alauddin Khilji
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Alauddin chose to pay his soldiers salaries in cash rather than iqtas.
The soldiers would buy their supplies from merchants in Delhi and it was thus feared
that merchants would raise their prices.
To stop this, Alauddin controlled the prices of goods in Delhi. Prices were carefully
surveyed by officers, and merchants who did not sell at the prescribed rates were
punished.
Muhammad Tughluq
0Muhammad Tughluq paid his soldiers cash salaries.
763473But instead of controlling prices, he used a “token” currency, somewhat like present-
00day paper currency, but made out of cheap metals, not gold and silver. Hence,
- 7statement 2 is incorrect.
ail.comPeople in the fourteenth century did not trust these coins.
ali635@gmThey were very smart: they saved their gold and silver coins and paid all their taxes to
the state with this token currency.
- svaishThis cheap currency could also be counterfeited easily.
aishali Singh16. Which of the following Indus Valley civilizations sites is/are located in present day India?
V1. Chanhu-daro
2. Rojdi
3. Bhagatrav
4. Kot Diji
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 and 4 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 and 4 only
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Chanhu-daro is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. The
site is located 130 kilometers south of Mohenjo-daro, in Sindh, Pakistan.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
Rojdi is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus valley civilization. It is located
on the northern bank of the Bhadar River in central Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat.
It was continuously occupied from 2500 BCE to 1700 BCE.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Bhagatrav is a minor archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization
located in Gujarat. It was excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India led by Dr. S. R.
30Rao.
6347Hence, statement 3 is correct.
7007The ancient site at Kot Diji was the forerunner of the Indus Civilization. The
-occupation of this site is attested already at 3300 BCE. The remains consist of two parts; the
ail.comcitadel area on high ground, and outer area. It is located in Pakistan.
mHence, statement 4 is incorrect.
svaishali635@g17. Consider the following statements regarding Chalcolithic Period
1. The iron age is followed by Bronze age
-2. Black on Red ware was largely used in this period.
SinghWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
aliA. 1 only
aishB. 2 only
V C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Chalcolithic Period is marked by the use of copper as the first major metal in India. Bronze too
was used. The Chalcolithic age is followed by Iron Age. Iron is frequently referred to in
the Vedas. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The
adoption of these materials coincided with other changes in society, including differing
agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles.
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Black on Red ware is a famous pottery of this age.
18. Consider the following statements regarding Mughals
1. From their father’s side, they were descendants of Genghis Khan.
2. From their mother’s side, they were the successors of Timur.
3. The Mughals did not believe in the rule of primogeniture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. None of the above
730Your Answer : B
634Correct Answer : B
7007Answer Justification :
ail.com -Mughals
gmThe Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.
svaishali635@From their mother’s side they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227),
the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia.
ingh -From their father’s side they were the successors of Timur (died 1404), the ruler
ali Sof Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
VaishHence, both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect.
However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol. This was because
Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people. It was
also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors.
On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, not least of all
because their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398.
The Mughals did not believe in the rule of primogeniture, where the eldest son
inherited his father’s estate.
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Instead they followed the Mughal and Timurid custom of coparcenary inheritance, or a
division of the inheritance amongst all the sons.
19. ‘Thang-Ta’ martial arts has been influenced by which of the following dance forms?
A. Bharatanatyam
B. Kathakali
C. Odissi
D. Manipuri Dance
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
730Answer Justification :
07634Manipuri, one of the main styles of Indian Art or Classical Dances originated in the
70picturesque and secluded state of Manipur in the north-eastern corner of India.
-Because of its geographical location, the people of Manipur have been protected from outside
ail.cominfluences, and this region has been able to retain its unique traditional culture.
mLai Haraoba is one of the main festivals still performed in Manipur which has its roots in
@gthe pre-Vaishnavite period.
ali635Manipur dance has a large repertoire, however, the most popular forms are the Ras,
svaishthe Sankirtana and the Thang-Ta.
-Hence, option (d) is correct.
inghhttp://ccrtindia.gov.in/manipuri.php
Vaishali S20. Consider the following statements regarding Mansabdari system and Choose the incorrect statement.
A. The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, meaning a position or
rank.
B. Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called Sawar.
C. Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs.
D. Most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs.
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Mansabdari system
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The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, meaning a position or
rank.
It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix (1) rank, (2) salary and (3) military
responsibilities.
Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called zat.
The higher the zat, the more prestigious was the noble’s position in court and the larger
his salary.
0The mansabdar’s military responsibilities required him to maintain a specified number of
73sawar or cavalrymen.
007634The mansabdar brought his cavalrymen for review, got them registered, their horses
- 7branded and then received money to pay them as salary.
ail.comMansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs which were
gmsomewhat like iqtas.
ali635@But unlike muqtis, most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs.
svaishThey only had rights to the revenue of their assignments which was collected for them
by their servants while the mansabdars themselves served in some other part of the
h -country.
Vaishali SingHence, option (b) is correct.
21. Consider the following statements:
1. Chandragupta was the first ruler of the Gupta dynasty to adopt the grand title of maharaj-
adhiraja.
2. Harishena was a poet and a minister at the court of Samudragupta
3. The Brahmi script was first deciphered in 1837 by James Princep
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : D
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Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
All the statements given above are correct.
Chandragupta was the first ruler of the Gupta dynasty to adopt the grand title of
maharaj-adhiraja, a title that his son Samudragupta also used. His great grandfather and
grandfather are mentioned simply as maha-rajas. It seems as if the family gradually rose to
importance.
Allahabad pillar inscription was composed as a Kavya by Harishena, who was a poet
and a minister at the court of Samudragupta. This inscription is of a special kind known
as a prashasti, a Sanskrit word, meaning ‘in praise of’.
30The Brahmi script was first deciphered in 1837 by James Princep who was a civil
347servant during the British rule. Brahmi was written from left to right like Hindi while
76Kharosthi from right to left.
ail.com - 70022. Consider the following statements regarding Sulh-i-kul
1. It focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice, peace.
gm2. AbulFazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance around this idea of sulh-ikul.
5@3. The later rulers rejected this policy of governance.
svaishali63Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
-B. 2 and 3 only
ghC. 1 and 3 only
inD. 1, 2 and 3
aishali SYour Answer : A
V Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Sulh-i-kul
Akbar’s interaction with people of different faiths made him realise that religious
scholars who emphasised ritual and dogma were often bigots.
Their teachings created divisions and disharmony amongst his subjects.
This eventually led Akbar to the idea of sulh-ikul or “universal peace”.
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This idea of tolerance did not discriminate between people of different religions in his
realm.
Instead it focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice, peace– that was universally
applicable.
AbulFazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance around this idea of sulh-ikul.
This principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
763473023. Consider the following statements regarding the Bharatnatyam Dance:
7001. It is the classical solo dance form of Kerala.
-2. The Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikesvara is one of the main sources of textual material, for the
ail.comstudy of the technique and grammar of body movement in Bharatnatyam Dance.
3. Bharatnatyam poses can be seen on the gopurams of the Chidambaram temple.
@gmWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
35A. 2 and 3 only
ali6B. 1 and 3 only
svaishC. 2 only
D. 1 only
gh -Your Answer : C
SinCorrect Answer : A
VaishaliAnswer Justification :
Bharatnatyam Dance is considered to be over 2000 years old. Several texts beginning
with Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra (200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E.) provide information on
this dance form. The Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikesvara is one of the main sources of
textual material, for the study of the technique and grammar of body movement in
Bharatnatyam Dance.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
There is also a great deal of visual evidence of this dance form in paintings and stone and
metal sculptures of ancient times. On the gopurams of the Chidambaram temple, one can
see a series of Bharatnatyam poses, frozen in stone as it were, by the sculptor. In
many other temples, the charis and karanas of the dance are represented in sculpture
and one can make a study of the dance form.
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Hence, statement 3 is correct.
The origins of this dance form can be traced back to ‘Sadir’ – the solo dance
performance of the temple dancers or ‘devadasis’ in Tamil Nadu, hence it was also
referred to as ‘Dashiattam’.
Mohiniyattam literally interpreted as the dance of ‘Mohini’, the celestial enchantress of the
Hindu mythology, is the classical solo dance form of Kerala.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
24. Consider the following statements
1. Maha Sammata was the priest who consecrated Buddha’s relics
302. Mahavira's teachings were compiled by Indrabhuti Gautama and popularly called as the Jain
47Agamas.
00763Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 7A. 1 only
ail.comB. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
mD. Neither 1 nor 2
35@gYour Answer : B
ali6Correct Answer : B
svaishAnswer Justification :
gh -In the Buddhist history, Maha Sammata was the first monarch of the world. Hence Statement
in1 is incorrect.
aishali SThe chronicles of Theravada Buddhist tradition such as Mahavamsa and Maha Yazawin state
V that he was the founder of the Sakya dynasty, to which the historical Buddha belonged.
After attaining Kevala Jnana, Mahavira taught that observance of the vows of ahimsa (non-
violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-
attachment) is necessary for spiritual liberation. He taught the principles of Anekantavada
(many-sided reality): syadvada and nayavada.
Mahavira's teachings were compiled by Indrabhuti Gautama (his chief disciple) as the
Jain Agamas.
25. Consider the following statements regarding Masulipatnam
1. The town of Masulipatnam lay on the delta of the Cauvery River.
2. The fort at Masulipatnam was built by the English East India Company.
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Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Masulipatnam
0The town of Masulipatnam or Machlipatnam (literally, fish port town) lay on the
73delta of the Krishna river.
007634In the seventeenth century it was a centre of intense activity. Both the Dutch
- 7and English East India Companies attempted to control Masulipatnam as it
ail.combecame the most important port on the Andhra coast.
gmThe fort at Masulipatnam was built by the Dutch.
ali635@Hence, both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect.
gh - svaish26. Consider thew following pairs of the folk dance and the states they are primarily
Sinbelong to:
aliFolk Dance: State:
aish1. Tarangamel
V2. Kalbelia Manipur
Rajasthan
3. Giddha Telangana
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 only
Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
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Answer Justification :
Tarangamel is the folk dance of Goa that celebrates the youthfulness of the region. It is
performed during Dussehra and Holi.
Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.
Kalbelia is a sensuous folk dance performed by the women of the Kalbelia community
of Rajasthan. The costumes and dance movement are similar to that of the serpents.
‘Been’ (wind instrument played by snake charmers) is the popular musical instrument of this
dance form. The UNESCO has inscribed Kalbelia folk songs and dances in the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010.
Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
30Bhangra is the highly energetic folk dance of Punjab. Accompanied with infectious and
47catchy drum beats, it is a popular form of celebration during festivities. Giddha is the female
763counterpart of the male Bhangra
- 700Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.
gmail.com27. Consider the following statements
5@1. Chola kings undertook royal tours to increase the efficiency of the administration.
ali632. The Pandyas occupied the delta of the Kaveri River and the adjoining region.
svaishWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
h -B. 2 only
ingC. Both 1 and 2
ali SD. Neither 1 nor 2
aishYour Answer : C
V Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
The Cholas had an excellent system of administration. The emperor or king was at the top of
the administration. They undertook royal tours to increase the efficiency of the
administration.
There was a definite hierarchy of the bureaucracy and the tenure of the officials simply
dependent on the 'Crown’s pleasure'. The officials held various titles such
as Marayan and Adigarigal . Seniority between the same cadre was indicated by qualifying
title such as Perundanam and Sirutanam.
The Cholas occupied the delta of the Kaveri River and the adjoining region. Under the
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Pandyas, the capital Madurai and port city Korkai were great centres of trade and
commerce. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
28. Consider the following statements regarding Nayanars
1. Nayanars are saints devoted to Shiva.
2. There were 12 Nayanars.
3. Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
0D. 1, 2 and 3
63473Your Answer : D
07Correct Answer : A
m - 70Answer Justification :
ail.coNayanars and Alvars
@gmThe seventh to ninth centuries saw the emergence of new religious movements, led by the
35Nayanars (saints devoted to Shiva) and Alvars (saints devoted to Vishnu) who came from all
ali6castes including those considered “untouchable” like the Pulaiyar and the Panars. They were
svaishsharply critical of the Buddhists and Jainas and preached ardent love of Shiva or Vishnu as the
path to salvation.
gh -Nayanars
aishali SinThere were 63 Nayanars, who belonged to different caste backgrounds such as potters,
V “untouchable” workers, peasants, hunters, soldiers, Brahmanas and chiefs.
The best known among them were Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar.
There are two sets of compilations of their songs – Tevaramand Tiruvacakam.
Alvars
There were 12 Alvars, who came from equally divergent backgrounds, the best
known being Periyalvar, his daughter Andal, TondaradippodiAlvar and
Nammalvar.
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Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.
Hence, both statement 2 and 3 are incorrect.
29. Which of the following statements regarding Pattachitra Art is correct?
A. It is predominantly found in Rajasthan
B. This art was practised in the 14th century by a group of artisans who are known as
Naqash.
C. It is traditional cloth-based scroll paintings practiced in Odisha.
D. It is a traditional and ritualistic mural art being practised by local tribal women in
Jharkhand.
34730Your Answer : C
76Correct Answer : C
- 700Answer Justification :
ail.comTraditional painting of Odisha, the name Pattachitra comes from a Sanskrit word patta,
mwhich means canvas/cloth and chitra means picture.
5@gIn Odisha, it is traditional cloth-based scroll paintings in which mythological, religious
ali63stories and folk lore are told through intricate canvasing.
svaishThe themes of these paintings are inspired from Jagannath and Vaishnava cult,
sometimes from Shakti and Shaiva cults.
ingh -Hence, option (c) is correct.
ali SNirmal art was practised in the 14th century by a group of artisans who are known as
VaishNaqash.
The Sohrai Khovar painting is a traditional and ritualistic mural art being practised
by local tribal women during local harvest and marriage seasons in Jharkhand.
30. Guru Granth Sahib has the writings of which of the following figures?
1. Shaikh Farid
2. Sant Kabir
3. Bhagat Namdev
4. Guru Tegh Bahadur
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 4 only
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C. 1, 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
All the above statements are correct.
Guru Granth Sahib
Baba Guru Nanak appointed one of his followers as his successor. His name was Lehna
but he came to be known as Guru Angad, signifying that he was a part of Baba Guru
30Nanak himself.
0076347Guru Angad compiled the compositions of Baba Guru Nanak, to which he added his own
- 7ina new script known as Gurmukhi.
ail.comThe three successors of Guru Angad also wrote under the name of “Nanak” and all of
gmtheir compositions were compiled by Guru Arjan in 1604.
ali635@To this compilation were added the writings of other figures like Shaikh Farid,
svaishSant Kabir, Bhagat Namdev and Guru Tegh Bahadur.
gh -In 1706 this compilation was authenticated by Guru Tegh Bahadur’s son and successor,
inGuru Gobind Singh.
Vaishali SIt is now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of the Sikhs.
31. Consider the following statements
1. Hinayana believes in universal liberation whereas Mahayana believes in individual salvation.
2. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hsuan Tsang visited India during reign of Harsha.
3. Hinayana sect does not believe in idol worship whereas practice of image worship can be
found in Mahayana sect.
Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
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Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Hinayana does not believe in Idol worship and tries to attain individual salvation through
self-discipline and meditation. Ultimate aim of Hinayana is thus nirvana.
Hīnayāna, (Sanskrit: “Lesser Vehicle”) the more orthodox, conservative schools of
Buddhism; the name Hīnayāna was applied to these schools by the followers of the
Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition in ancient India. The name reflected the Mahāyānists’
evaluation of their own tradition as a superior method, surpassing the others in universality
and compassion; but the name was not accepted by the conservative schools as referring to a
common tradition.
730In one sense, all of the so-called 18 schools of ancient Buddhism are Hīnayānist, in that they
34predate the emergence of Mahāyāna ideas as a separate doctrine. The modern upholders of
76the ancient Hīnayāna tradition are the Theravādins (followers of the Way of the Elders), who
700are but one of the 18 ancient schools.
ail.com -Mahayana or “great vehicle” believes in the heavenliness of Buddha and Idol worship
of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas embodying Buddha Nature. Mahayana believed in universal
mliberation from suffering for all beings (hence the “Great Vehicle”). Ultimate aim of Mahayana
@gis “spiritual upliftment”.
ali635Two valuable sources that throw important light on the life and times of Harshavardhana
svaish(606–647). These are Harshacarita written by his court poet Banabhatta and Si-Yu-Ki,
the travel account of the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hsuan Tsang, who visited India
-during AD 629–644.
aishali Singh32. Consider the following statements regarding Jagannatha Cult
1. Anantavarman, a ruler of Ganga dynasty, decided to erect a temple for Purushottama
V Jagannatha at Puri.
2. King Anangabhima III dedicated his kingdom to the deity and proclaimed himself as the
“deputy” of the god.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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All the above statements are correct.
Rulers and Religious Traditions: The Jagannatha Cult
In the twelfth century, one of the most important rulers of the Ganga dynasty,
Anantavarman, decided to erect a temple for Purushottama Jagannatha at Puri.
Subsequently, in 1230, king Anangabhima III dedicated his kingdom to the deity and
proclaimed himself as the “deputy” of the god.
33. Which of the following animals is/are depicted in the Pushupati Seal of Harappan period?
01. Lion
4732. Elephant
633. Rhinoceros
074. Cow
m - 70Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
ail.coA. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
gmC. 1 and 4 only
5@D. 2 and 4 only
svaishali63Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
h -Answer Justification :
ali SingThe most remarkable seal is the one depicted with a figure in the centre and animals around.
aishThis seal is generally identified as the Pashupati Seal by some scholars whereas some
identify it as the female deity. This seal depicts a human figure seated cross-legged. An
V elephant and a tiger are depicted to the right side of the seated figure, while on the
left a rhinoceros and a buffalo are seen. In addition to these animals two antelopes are
shown below the seat.
Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 are correct.
34. Which of the following places was/were visited by Buddha?
1. Nasik
2. Saket
3. Taxila
4. Champapuri
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Select the correct answer using the code given below
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 2, 3 and 4 only
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
63473035. Consider the following statements regarding Old Mughal Provinces
0071. The state Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad were founded by Sa‘adat Khan, MurshidQuli Khan
- 7and Asaf Jah respectively.
ail.com2. All three had occupied high mansabdari positions and held a zat rank of 7,000.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
@gmA. 1 only
35B. 2 only
ali6C. Both 1 and 2
svaishD. Neither 1 nor 2
-Your Answer : A
ghCorrect Answer : A
ali SinAnswer Justification :
VaishThe Old Mughal Provinces
Amongst the states that were carved out of the old Mughal provinces in the eighteenth
century, three stand out very prominently. These were Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.
All three states were founded by members of the high Mughal nobility who had
been governors of large provinces – Sa‘adat Khan (Awadh), MurshidQuli Khan
(Bengal) and Asaf Jah (Hyderabad).
All three had occupied high mansabdari positions and enjoyed the trust and confidence
of the emperors.
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Both Asaf Jah and Murshid Quli Khan held a zat rank of 7,000 each, while
Sa‘adat Khan’s zat was 6,000.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
36. “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” phrase has been originally found in:
A. Katha Upanishad
B. Mundaka Upanishad
C. Chandogya Upanishad
D. Maha Upanishad
730Your Answer : B
34Correct Answer : D
70076Answer Justification :
ail.com -Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is a Sanskrit phrase found in Hindu texts such as the Maha
Upanishad, which means "the world is one family".
ali635@gmHence, option (d) is correct.
- svaish37. Among which of the following places inscriptions of Ashoka was/were found?
ingh1. Dwarasamudra
S2. Mansehra
ali3. Dhauli
Vaish4. Sannati
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 4 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
In all the mentioned places we find Ashokan inscription.
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38. Who among the following are Portuguese travelers?
1. Jesuit Roberto Nobili
2. Duarte Barbosa
3. Manucci
4. François Bernier
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1 and 4 only
Your Answer : B
0Correct Answer : A
63473Answer Justification :
7007Travellers
ail.com -Once the Portuguese arrived in India in about 1500, a number of them wrote detailed
maccounts regarding Indian social customs and religious practices.
ali635@gA few of them, such as the Jesuit Roberto Nobili, even translated Indian
svaishtexts into European languages.
h -Among the best known of the Portuguese writers is Duarte Barbosa, who
ingwrote a detailed account of trade and society in south India.
aishali SLater, after 1600, we find growing numbers of Dutch, English and French travellers
V coming to India.
One of the most famous was the French jeweller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, who travelled
to India at least six times.
He was particularly fascinated with the trading conditions in India, and compared
India to Iran and the Ottoman empire.
Some of these travellers, like the Italian doctor Manucci, never returned to Europe,
and settled down in India.
François Bernier, a Frenchman, was a doctor, political philosopher and historian.
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Like many others, he came to the Mughal Empire in search of opportunities.
He was in India for twelve years, from 1656 to 1668, and was closely associated
with the Mughal court, as a physician to Prince Dara Shukoh, the eldest son of
Emperor Shah Jahan, and later as an intellectual and scientist, with Danishmand
Khan, an Armenian noble at the Mughal court.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
39. Which of the following Vedas is the shortest of all the four Vedas?
30A. Rigveda
47B. Samaveda
63C. Yajurveda
007D. Atharva Veda
ail.com - 7Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
gmAnswer Justification :
ali635@The Samaveda is shortest of all the four Vedas. It is closely connected with the
svaishRigveda. It is important to note that the Samhita of the Samaveda is an independent collection
(Samhita), yet it has taken many verses, a large number indeed, from the Samhita of Rigveda.
-These verses are chiefly derived from the eighth and the ninth Mandalas of the Rigveda. The
hSamaveda is compiled exclusively for ritual application, for its verses are all meant to be
ingchanted at the ceremonies of the Soma-sacrifice and procedures derived from it. The
ali SSamaveda is, therefore, specially intended for the Udagatr priest.
VaishHence, option (b) is correct.
http://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/samaveda-samhitas/
40. The ruins at Hampi were brought to light by
A. Sir William Jones
B. Sir Alexander Cunningham
C. James Prinsep
D. Colin Mackenzie
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
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Answer Justification :
Colonel Colin Mackenzie
The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by an engineer and
antiquarian named Colonel Colin Mackenzie.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
An employee of the English East India Company, he prepared the first survey map of the
site.
730Born in 1754, Colin Mackenzie became famous as an engineer, surveyor and
34cartographer.
- 70076In 1815 he was appointed the first Surveyor General of India, a post he held till his death
ail.comin 1821.
gmHe embarked on collecting local histories and surveying historic sites in order to better
5@understand India’s past and make governance of the colony easier.
svaishali6341. Consider the following statements
-1. Appointment of provincial governors was purely based on meritocracy in Mauryan Empire
ingh2. Rulers of Mahajanapadas built huge forts and maintained big armies.
ali SWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
aishA. 1 only
V B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer : C
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
The provincial governors were mostly appointed from the members of royal family.
They were responsible the maintenance of law and order and collection of taxes for the
empire. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
As the rulers of the mahajanapadas were (a) building huge forts (b) maintaining big
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armies, they needed more resources. And they needed
officials to collect these. So, instead of depending on occasional gifts brought by people, as in
the case of the raja of the janapadas, they started collecting regular taxes.
42. Consider the following statements regarding Amara-nayaka system
1. The amara-nayaka system was a political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire.
2. It was completely different from the then followed iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate.
3. The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the
raya.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
0B. 2 and 3 only
73C. 1 and 3 only
634D. 1, 2 and 3
7007Your Answer : A
m -Correct Answer : C
ail.coAnswer Justification :
@gmAmara-nayaka system
svaishali635The amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara
Empire.
ingh -It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the iqta system
ali Sof the Delhi Sultanate. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
VaishThe amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to
govern by the raya.
They collected taxes and other dues from peasants, crafts persons and traders in the
area.
They retained part of the revenue for personal use and for maintaining a stipulated
contingent of horses and elephants.
These contingents provided the Vijayanagara kings with an effective fighting force with
which they brought the entire southern peninsula under their control.
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Some of the revenue was also used for the maintenance of temples and irrigation works.
43. The life-size standing image of a Yakshini holding a chauri (flywhisk) from Didargunj is an example of the
sculptural tradition of:
A. Harappan Period
B. Mauryan Period
C. Gupta Period
D. Post Gupta Period
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : B
730Answer Justification :
7634The life-size standing image of a Yakshini holding a chauri (flywhisk) from Didargunj
700near modern Patna is another good example of the sculptural tradition of the
-Mauryan Period. Kept in Patna Museum, it is a tall, well-proportioned, free-standing
ail.comsculpture in round made in sandstone with a polished surface. The chauri is held in the right
hand whereas the left hand is broken
ali635@gmHence, option (b) is correct.
h - svaish44. Consider the followings statements regarding Sangam Age
ing1. Sangams flourished under the royal patronage of the Hoysalas
ali S2. Tolkappiyam authored by Tolkappiyar is the earliest of the Tamil literature.
aish3. Practice of sati was absent during this period.
V Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
The Sangam Age constitutes an important chapter in the history of South India. According to
Tamil legends, there existed three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) in ancient Tamil Nadu
popularly called Muchchangam. These Sangams flourished under the royal patronage of
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the Pandyas. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
Tolkappiyam authored by Tolkappiyar is the earliest of the Tamil literature. It is a
work on Tamil grammar but it provides information on the political and socioeconomic
conditions of the Sangam period.
Hereditary monarchy was the form of government during the Sangam period. The king
had also taken the advice of his minister, court-poet and the imperial court.
The cruel practice of Sati was also prevalent in Tamil society, and it was known as
tippayadal. But it was not obligatory as there are references to widows present in society.
However their position was miserable as they were prohibited to decorate themselves or
participate in any form of amusement. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
473045. Which of the following taxes under Delhi sultans is incorrectly described?
00763A. Zakat is a tax on the property and land of the Muslims.
- 7B. Jizya is a tax imposed on non-Muslims for the protection given by the state to their life.
ail.comC. Kharaj was a tax on mines, treasure troves, etc.
D. Shirb was an irrigation tax.
@gmYour Answer : C
35Correct Answer : C
svaishali6Answer Justification :
-Types of Taxes The different types of taxes charged and collected by the Delhi sultans can be
ghbroadly divided into two classes:
ali Sin(1) religious taxes and
Vaish(2) secular taxes.
Among the first type, zakat is a tax on the property and land of the Muslims.
The second religious tax was the jizya, a tax imposed on non-Muslims or zimmis for the
protection given by the state to their life, property and place of worship.
Among the secular taxes, kharaj was the most important tax or source of income to the
state. It was a land tax realised originally from the non Muslims peasants, but later
collected from even the Muslims cultivating khalisa land.
Another secular source of income to the state was the khams or the tax on
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mines, treasure troves, etc. and the share in war booty. Hence, option (c) is
correct.
Besides, there were many other secular taxes such as the irrigation tax (shirb), grazing
tax, customs and excise from traders and merchants, house-tax, etc.
46. Consider the following statements
1. Dantidurga was a king of Hoysala Empire.
2. Vishnuvardhana was a king of Rashtrakutas.
Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
30B. 2 only
347C. Both 1 and 2
76D. Neither 1 nor 2
- 700Your Answer : D
ail.comCorrect Answer : D
mAnswer Justification :
35@gDantidurga, also known as Dantivarman or Dantidurga II was the founder of the Rashtrakuta
ali6Empire of Manyakheta. His capital was based in Gulbarga region of Karnataka. His successor
svaishwas his uncle Krishna I who extended his kingdom to all of Karnataka.
-Vishnuvardhana was a king of the Hoysala Empire. He ascended the Hoysala throne
ghafter the death of his elder brother Veera Ballala I in c.1108.
aishali Sin47. Consider the following about the edicts of Ashoka
V1. Soldiers and state officials were paid salary in cash.
2. The Mauryan state founded many new agricultural settlements to bring virgin land under
cultivation.
3. Ashoka refers to himself as "Beloved servant of the People" (Janampiyadasi) in these
inscriptions.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 and 2 only
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
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Answer Justification :
The Mauryas maintained a huge standing army and employed a large number of state officials.
These soldiers and officials were paid in cash.
As the normal taxes were not considered sufficient to meet all the needs of the state and hence
the state undertook and regulated numerous economic activities to generate more and more
resources.
The mainstay of economy in this period was agriculture. The Mauryan state founded new
agricultural settlements to bring virgin land under cultivation. People from
overpopulated areas and prisoners of war were brought to these new settlements to work on
the fields.
In these inscriptions, Ashoka refers to himself as "Beloved servant of the Gods"
30(Devanampiyadasi). The identification of Devanampiyadasi with Ashoka was confirmed by an
347inscription discovered in 1915 by C. Beadon, a British gold-mining engineer, at Maski, a village
76in Raichur district of Karnataka. Hence Statement 3 is incorrect.
- 700Another minor rock edict bearing such a description is found at the village Gujarra in Datia
ail.comdistrict of Madhya Pradesh. These edicts were deciphered by British archaeologist and
historian James Prinsep.
gmSome pillar edicts like VII gives a summary of his efforts to promote the Dhamma within his
5@kingdom.
ali63They are written in Pali language and in some places prakrit was used. The Brahmi script was
svaishemployed for writing.
Singh -48. Consider the following statements regarding Inscriptions under Vijayanagar Empire
ali1. The Bagapellsi Copper Plate Inscription is about Harihara I.
aish2. The Channarayapateena inscription was inscribed by Deva Raya II.
V3. The Devulapalli copper plates of Immadi Narasimha give us the genealogy of the Saluva
dynasty.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 and 3 only
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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VIJAYNAGAR EMPIRE
Inscriptions
The Bagapellsi Copper Plate Inscription of Harihara I tells us about his
achievements.
The Bitragunta grant of Sangama II (son of Kampana) gives us the genealogy of the five
Sangama brothers responsible for the foundation of the Vijayanagar empire.
The Channarayapateena inscription of Harihara II states that Bukka I was
successful in conquering several areas. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
34730The Srirangam copper plates of Deva Raya II list the various achievements of
076the ruler.
ail.com - 70The Devulapalli copper plates of Immadi Narasimha give us the genealogy of the
Saluva dynasty.
ali635@gm49. Consider the following statements regarding Bahmani Kingdom
svaish1. The Bidri artwork is often associated with this Kingdom.
2. One of the internal reform introduced by Gawan is the division of empire into tarafs.
h -Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
ingA. 1 only
ali SB. 2 only
aishC. Both 1 and 2
V D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in South India and one of the great
medieval Indian kingdoms. It was the first independent Islamic Kingdom in South India. The
craftspersons of Bidar then were so famed for their inlay work on copper and silver
that it came to be known as Bidri.
Mahmud Gawan expanded the frontiers of Bahmani kingdom by over-running western coastal
areas including Goa & Dabhol that led to further expansion of Bahmani trade with Iran, Iraq
etc. He also expanded the empire with annexations in east
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The existing four provinces were divided into two each that created eight ‘Tarafs’.
Each taraf was governed by Tarafdar. The salary and obligation of each Tarafdar was fixed.
50. Consider the following statements regarding Bahmani Kingdom
1. Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar was founded by Ahmad Bahri.
2. Gol Gumbaz was built by one of the Adil Shahi rulers.
3. Quli Qutub Shah who built the famous Golconda fort.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
0D. 1, 2 and 3
63473Your Answer : D
07Correct Answer : D
- 70Answer Justification :
ail.comAll the above statements are correct.
@gmBREAK-UP OF THE BAHMANI KINGDOM
svaishali635NizamShahis of Ahmadnagar(1490–1633) Founded by Ahmad Bahri; later conquered
and annexed by Shah Jahan (1633).
ingh -Adil Shahis of Bijapur (1490–1686) Founded by Yusuf Adil Shah. Gol Gumbaz, a tomb
ali Swith the world’s second largest dome (St. Paul’s church in Rome being the world’s
Vaishlargest) was built by one of the AdilShahi rulers, Muhammed Adil Shah at Bijapur.
ImadShahis of Berar (1490–1574) Founded by Fatullah Khan Imadul- mulk. Later it
was conquered and annexed by one of the NizamShahi rulers of Ahmadnagar.
QutubShahis of Golconda (1518–1687) Founded by QuliQutub Shah (1518–43) who
built the famous Golconda fort and made it his capital.
BaridShahis of Bidar(1528–1619) Founded by Ali Barid. It was later annexed by the
Adil Shah is of Bijapur.
51. Consider the following statements
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1. The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka.
2. Satavahanas granted tax free villages to brahmanas
Satavahanas granted tax free villages to brahmanas
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
0Both the statements are correct.
3473The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka. He was succeeded by Krishna, who
076extended the kingdom up to Nasik in the west.
- 70The Satavahanas patronized Buddhism and Brahmanism. They built chaityas and viharas. They
ail.comalso made grants of villages and lands to Buddhist monks. Brahmanism was revived by the
Satavahanas along with the performance of asvamedha and rajasuya sacrifices.
@gmThe Satavahanas started the practice of granting tax-free villages to brahmanas and
35Buddhist monks. The cultivated fields and villages granted to them were declared free from
ali6molestation by royal policemen and soldiers, and all kinds of royal officers.
h - svaish52. Consider the following statements regarding AIM-iCREST
ing1. It was launched by NITI Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission (AIM).
ali S2. It is an Incubator Capabilities enhancement program for a Robust Ecosystem focused on
aishcreating high performing Startups.
V3. AIM has joined hands with FICCI for credible support and expertise in the entrepreneurship
and innovation space.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Atal Innovation Mission launches 'AIM-iCREST', in partnership with Bill & Melinda
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Gates Foundation and Wadhwani Foundation
In a major initiative to encourage and enable holistic progress in the incubator
ecosystem across the country, NITI Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), has launched
AIM iCREST – an Incubator Capabilities enhancement program for a Robust Ecosystem
focused on creating high performing Startups.
This is a first of its kind initiative for advancing innovation at scale in India.
AIM has joined hands with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wadhwani
Foundation - organizations that can lend credible support and expertise in the
entrepreneurship and innovation space. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
34730These partnerships will provide global expertise and showcase proven best
076practices to the AIM's incubator network.
ail.com - 70The program aims at going beyond incubator capacity building. Given the current
pandemic crisis, the effort will focus on supporting start-up entrepreneurs in knowledge
mcreation and dissemination as well as in developing robust and active networks.
svaishali635@g53. Consider the following statements
1. Amarasimha and Dhanvantari were among the Navaratnas in Vijayanagar Kingdom.
-2. In Gupta’s administration, Uparikas were responsible for managing royal exchequer.
inghWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
ali SA. 1 only
aishB. 2 only
V C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Nine gems during the reign of Vikramāditya (Chandragupta II) of the Gupta Empire were:
Kalidasa, Vetala Bhatta, Varahamihira, Vararuchi, Amarasimha, Dhanvantari, Kahapanak,
Shanku, Harisena.
Provinces in the Gupta Empire were known as Bhuktis and provincial governors as
Uparikas. They were mostly chosen from among the princes.
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54. Consider the following statements
1. The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir.
2. The First Buddhist Council was organized by Ashoka.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
0Answer Justification :
700763473The first Buddhist council was held soon after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha,
-around 400 BC under the patronage of king Ajatshatru with the monk Mahakasyapa
ail.compresiding, at Rajgriha, in the Sattapani Cave.
mThe Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir where the council
@gdistinctly divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayana and Hinayana.
svaishali63555. Global Rights Index was released by
gh -A. Human Rights Watch
inB. Amnesty International
ali SC. UNHRC
VaishD. International Trade Union Confederation
Your Answer : A
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Global Rights Index
The Global Rights Index is a world-wide assessment of trade union and human rights
by country.
Updated annually in a report issued by the International Trade Union Confederation,
the index rates countries on a scale from 1 (best) through to 5+ (worst). Ratings are
based on 97 indicators derived from the labour standards of the International Labour
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Organization.
India is among the 10 worst countries for working people, according to the seventh
edition of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Global Rights Index that
ranks 144 countries on the degree of respect for workers' rights.
The ITUC report concludes that 85 per cent of countries violated the right to strike and
80 per cent of countries violated the right to collectively bargain.
The number of countries that impeded the registration of unions has increased. Three
new countries -- India, Egypt and Honduras -- have entered the list of ten worst countries
for workers.
34730The number of countries that denied or constrained freedom of speech increased from
07654 in 2019 to 56 in 2020. Workers were exposed to violence in 51 countries. Workers
70had no or restricted access to justice in 72 per cent of countries.
ail.com -At the same time, workers experienced arbitrary arrests and detention in 61 countries.
5@gmHence, option (d) is correct.
ali63https://www.ituc-csi.org/ituc-global-rights-index-2020
svaishhttp://www.businessworld.in/article/India-ranks-among-10-worst-countries-for-working-people-
Vaishali Singh -ITUC/20-07-2020-299249/
56. Consider the following statements regarding Neolithic culture
1. They lived in circular or rectangular houses made of mud and reed.
2. Neolithic people produced ragi, horse gram and rice.
3. Pottery, first appears in this phase and they were handmade pottery in the early stage.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
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Answer Justification :
The Neolithic settlers were the earliest farming communities. They broke the ground with
stone hoes and digging sticks at the end of which ring stones weighing one to half a kilogram
were fixed. Besides polished tools of stone, they used microlith blades.
They lived in circular or rectangular houses made of mud and reed. It is held that the
primitive people living in circular houses owned property in common. In any case, these
Neolithic people led a settled life and produced ragi and horse gram (kulathi), and
even rice. The Neolithic people of Mehrgarh were more advanced. They produced wheat and
barley, and lived in mud-brick houses.
During the Neolithic phase, several settlements became acquainted with the cultivation of
cereals and the domestication of animals. So they needed pots in which they could store their
food grains, and also pots for cooking, eating, and drinking.
34730Pottery, therefore, first appears in this phase, with handmade pottery in the early
76stage. Later, the Neolithic people used foot wheels to make pots. It seems that the
00potter’s wheel came to Baluchistan from western Asia and from there it spread across the
- 7subcontinent. The Neolithic pottery included black burnished ware, grey ware, and mat
ail.comimpressed ware.
5@gm57. The term 'Yavanapriya' mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts denoted:
svaishali63A. a fine variety of Indian Muslim
B. ivory
-C. damsels sent to the Greek court for dance performance
ghD. Pepper
ali SinYour Answer : D
VaishCorrect Answer : D
Answer Justification :
In ancient times the people in Central Asia are called as Yavanas in India. They liked the
pepper and imports large amount of pepper from India that's why the pepper is named as
Yavana-the people of foreign countries. Priya-the like pepper so it was called as Yavanapriya.
58. Consider the following statements regarding National Anti Doping Agency (NADA)
1. It was set up as registered society with a mandate for Dope free sports in India.
2. Minister for Health and Family Welfare is the ex-officio chairman of the governing council of
NADA.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
National Anti Doping Agency (NADA)
National Anti Doping Agency (NADA) was set up as registered society under the
Societies Registration Act of 1860 on November 24, 2005 with a mandate for
730Dope free sports in India.
007634The primary objectives are to implement anti-doping rules as per WADA code, regulate
- 7dope control programme, to promote education and research and creating awareness
ail.comabout doping and its ill effects.
gmMinister of Youth Affairs and Sports is the ex-officio chairman of the governing
5@council of NADA.
ali63https://www.nadaindia.org/en/governingbody
svaishHence, statement 2 is incorrect.
ali Singh -59. What is the correct chronological order in which the following appeared in India?
aish1. Gold coins
V2. Punch marked silver coins
3. Iron plough
4. Urban culture
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 3, 4, 1, 2
B. 3, 4, 2, 1
C. 4, 3, 1, 2
D. 4, 3, 2, 1
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Urban culture was developed first in Indus Valley Civilization (4th Century B.C)
Iron Plough – Later Rig Vedic Period.
Silver coin minting was followed by gold coins.
60. Which of the following statement on International Civil Aviation Organization is Incorrect?
A. International Civil Aviation Organization was established under Chicago convention.
B. ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations linked to Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC).
C. ICAO is an international aviation regulator.
D. The stipulations ICAO standards contain, never supersede the primacy of national
730regulatory requirements.
7634Your Answer :
700Correct Answer : C
ail.com -Answer Justification :
mConvention on International Civil Aviation (also known as Chicago Convention)
ali635@gConvention on International Civil Aviation (also known as Chicago Convention), was
svaishsigned on 7 December 1944 by 52 States.
-ICAO came into being on 4 April 1947.
ali SinghIn October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations
Vaishlinked to Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
ICAO is funded and directed by 193 national governments to support their diplomacy
and cooperation in air transport as signatory states to the Chicago Convention (1944).
Its core function is to maintain an administrative and expert bureaucracy (the ICAO
Secretariat) supporting these diplomatic interactions, and to research new air transport
policy and standardization innovations as directed and endorsed by governments
through the ICAO Assembly, or by the ICAO Council which the assembly elects.
The stipulations ICAO standards contain never supersede the primacy of national
regulatory requirements. It is always the local, national regulations which are enforced
in, and by, sovereign states, and which must be legally adhered to by air operators
making use of applicable airspace and airports.
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ICAO is therefore not an international aviation regulator, just as INTERPOL is
not an international police force.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
https://www.icao.int/about-icao/Pages/default.aspx
61. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
1. Lothal : Ancient dockyard
2. Sarnath : First Sermon of Buddha
3. Rajgir : Lion capital of Ashoka
304. Nalanda : Great seat of Buddhist learning
6347Select the correct answer using the code given below:
007A. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
- 7B. 3 and 4 only
ail.comC. 1, 2 and 4 only
D. 1 and 2 only
gmYour Answer : A
35@Correct Answer : C
svaishali6Answer Justification :
-Lothal was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in
hthe Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt. Construction of the city began around 2200
ingBCE.
aishali SDiscovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960 by the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government agency for the
V preservation of ancient monuments.
The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back, on an
elaborate base that includes other animals. A graphic representation of it was adopted as the
official Emblem of India in 1950.[1] It was originally placed on the top of the Ashoka pillar at
the important Buddhist site of Sarnath by the Emperor Ashoka, in about 250 BCE during his
rule over the Maurya Empire
Nalanda was an ancient Hindu-Buddhist University in the ancient kingdom of Magadha in
India. Buddhist texts describe it as a Mahavihara, a revered Buddhist monastery. Till around
400 AD, Hindu/Brahmanical sects were prominent in the university, after which the Buddhist
Mahāyāna sect became prominent.
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62. Talamaddale is a traditional art form of
A. Karnataka
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Maharashtra
D. Andhra Pradesh
Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Talamaddale
34730The traditional art of ‘talamaddale’, a variant of Yakshagana theatre, has gone
76virtual in times of COVID-19. A performance was streamed live on social media on June
0013.
ail.com - 7About Talamaddale:
@gmIt is an ancient form of performance dialogue or debate performance in Southern
ali635India in the Karavali and Malnad regions of Karnataka and Kerala. Hence,
option (a) is correct.
- svaishThe plot and content of the conversation is drawn from popular mythology but the
ghperformance mainly consists of an impromptu debate between characters
Sininvolving sarcasm, puns, philosophy positions and humour.
VaishaliHow is it different from Yakshagana?
Unlike the Yakshagana performance, in the conventional ‘talamaddale,’ the artists sit
across in a place without any costumes and engage in testing their oratory skills
based on the episode chosen.
If music is common for both Yakshagana performance and ‘talamaddale’, the latter has
only spoken word without any dance or costumes.
Hence it is an art form minus dance, costumes and stage conventions.
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https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/amid-pandemic-traditional-art-of-talamadd
ale-goes-digital/article31836303.ece
63. Who among the following was not a contemporary of the others?
A. Bimbsara
B. Gautama Buddha
C. Milinda
D. Prasenjit
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
730Answer Justification :
07634Milinda was not contemporary of Bimbsara, Gautama Buddha and Prasenjit
[email protected] - 7064. Consider the following statements regarding administration during Gupta period
ali631. The Gupta bureaucracy was more elaborate than the Mauryas.
svaish2. The villagers were subjected to forced labour called vishti by the royal army and officials.
3. For the first time civil and criminal laws were clearly demarcated.
gh -Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
inA. 1 and 2 only
ali SB. 2 and 3 only
aishC. 1 and 3 only
V D. 1, 2 and 3
Your Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
During the Gupta period land taxes increased in number, and those on trade and commerce
decreased. Probably the king collected taxes varying from one-fourth to one-sixth of the
produce.
In addition, whenever the royal army passed through the countryside, the local people had to
feed it. The peasants had also to supply animals, food grains, furniture, etc., for the
maintenance of royal officers on duty in rural areas. In central and western India, the
villagers were also subjected to forced labour called vishti by the royal army and
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officials.
The judicial system was far more developed under the Guptas than in earlier times. Several
law-books were compiled during this period, and for the first time civil and criminal
laws were clearly demarcated. Theft and adultery fell under criminal law, disputes
regarding various types of property under civil law.
Elaborate laws were laid down about inheritance. As in earlier times, many laws continued to
be based on varna differentiation. It was the duty of the king to uphold the law, and try cases
with the help of brahmana priests. The guilds of artisans, merchants, and others were
governed by their own laws. Seals from Vaishali and from Bhita near Allahabad indicate that
these guilds flourished during Gupta times.
The Gupta bureaucracy was not as elaborate as that of the Mauryas. The most
important officers in the Gupta empire were the kumaramatyas.
00763473065. Consider the following statements regarding Mongolian Kanjur
- 71. Mongolian Kanjur is the Buddhist canonical text in 108 volumes.
ail.com2. Mongolian Kanjur has been translated from Sri Lankan chronicles.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
@gmA. 1 only
35B. 2 only
ali6C. Both 1 and 2
svaishD. Neither 1 nor 2
-Your Answer : C
ghCorrect Answer : A
ali SinAnswer Justification :
VaishMongolian Kanjur
Mongolian Kanjur, the Buddhist canonical text in 108 volumes is considered to be the
most important religious text in Mongolia.
In the Mongolian language ‘Kanjur’ means ‘Concise Orders’- the words of Lord Buddha
in particular. It is held in high esteem by the Mongolian Buddhists and they worship the
Kanjur at temples and recite the lines of Kanjur in daily life as a sacred ritual.
The Kanjur are kept almost in every monastery in Mongolia.
Mongolian Kanjur has been translated from Tibetan. The language of the Kanjur
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is Classical Mongolian. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
The Mongolian Kanjur is a source of providing a cultural identity to Mongolia.
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1637551
66. Consider the following statements regarding Pillars
1. The Mauryan pillars are rockcut pillars.
2. The Achamenian pillars are constructed in pieces by a mason.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
30A. 1 only
47B. 2 only
63C. Both 1 and 2
007D. Neither 1 nor 2
m - 7Your Answer : C
ail.coCorrect Answer : C
gmAnswer Justification :
ali635@Pillars
svaishThe tradition of constructing pillars is very old and it may be observed that erection of pillars
was prevalent in the Achamenian empire as well. But the Mauryan pillars are different from
h -the Achamenian pillars.
SingThe Mauryan pillars are rockcut pillars thus displaying the carver’s skills, whereas the
aliAchamenian pillars are constructed in pieces by a mason. Stone pillars were erected by
aishAshoka, which have been found in the north Indian part of the Mauryan Empire with
V inscriptions engraved on them.
67. Consider the following statements regarding Fahien’s account on the Gupta administration
1. Punishments were not severe.
2. There was no spy system.
3. There were restrictions on people’s movements, but they enjoyed a large degree of personal
freedom.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
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