INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDIES COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATICS AND MATHEMATICS UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA NEGERI SEMBILAN Diploma in Information Management (IM110) Foundation of Archives Administration (IMD 313) Prepared By: AIN IZZYANI BINTI ANAK LIDIH (2022762289) NIK HANNAN QISTINA BINTI ZULKIFLI (2022580663) NUR SOFFEA QISTINA BINTI MD SHAFIQ (2022352337) NURSYAZWINA BINTI ROZALI (2022502117) Prepared For: MADAM SERI INTAN IDAYU BINTI SHAHRUL ASARI
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim... First, we would like to express our most sincere gratitude to Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Compassionate, who has granted us the ability and willingness to start and complete this group project. Peace and prayers be upon His Final Prophet and messenger, Muhammad, the ideal role model for human beings. Next, we would like to express our appreciation and give our warmest thanks to our lecturer, Madam Seri Intan Idayu Binti Shahrul Asari, for her helping in order to finish this paper work. We have learned a lot from her vast experience and knowledge in research writing. Our deepest gratitude goes to our family, who tried their best to give us their best support by giving us a lot of encouragement. Not to forget all of our friends who had supported us and shared their knowledge with us. Lastly, we would also like to thank everyone who has been involved and contributed directly or indirectly to our group assignment, as they have shown their effort and initiative until we are able to complete this assignment successfully. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This semester's theme is "Lokasi / Warisan Bersejarah Malaysia," which focuses on the study of Malaysia's historical and cultural heritage sites. Our group chose "Bangunan Bersejarah di Pulau Pinang" as our theme because of the city's rich colonial history and status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We used the National Archives of Malaysia's Online Finding Aids (OFA) to gather a wide range of archival resources. Our compilation consists of fifteen archival sources, each meticulously documented with captions and accession numbers. EXPLANATORY NOTES
Introduction History of Selected List of Archival Materials List of Archival Figures References TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF
Figures Description Pages 1.0 PELABUHAN PULAU PINANG (PENANG HARBOUR) 16 2.0 GEORGE TOWN - FROM PENANG HILL, AN ALTITUDE OF 2,400 FEET;1932 17 3.0 THE CENOTAPH, GEORGE TOWN, PENANG; 1932. 18 4.0 CHULIA STREET, PENANG; 1932. 19 5.0 BUKIT BENDERA/PENANG HILL, JALAN KERETAPI, PANDANGAN DARI UDARA, PULAU PINANG; T.T 20
Figures Description Pages 6.0 LIGHT STREET, PENANG, N.D. 21 7.0 NO.134 MALAYA MOSQUE, PITT STREET, PENANG, 1950AN. 22 8.0 CLOCK TOWER, PENANG, 1902-1950AN. 23 9.0 AYER ITAM TEMPLE, PENANG, 1900-1960AN. 24 10.0 PATUNG PERINGATAN FRANCIS LIGHT DI GEORGE TOWN, 1936 25
Figures Description Pages 11.0 DOWNING STREET, GEORGE TOWN, PENANG, LOOKING TOWARDS BEACH STREET;1932 27 12.0 PENANG FREE SCHOOL, GREEN LANE, PENANG; 1932 28 13.0 29 THE KHOO KONGSI HOUSE - CANNON SQUARE, PENANG; 1932.
Figures Description Pages 14.0 31 15.0 32 ANGGOTA-ANGGOTA POLIS KHAS SEDANG MENJALANKAN TUGAS SEKATAN JALANRAYA DI CANNON SQUARE BERHAMPIRAN DENGAN KHOO KONGSI LAMA, DALAM TAHUN 1867, SEMASA BERLAKUNYA RUSUHAN KUMPULAN KONGSI GELAP CINA DI PULAU PINANG. GROUP PHOTOGRAPH AT FORT CORNWALLIS, GEORGETOWN, PENANG, N.D.
INTRODUCTION The National Archives of Malaysia, also known as Arkib Negara Malaysia (ANM), was created in 1957 and serves as a repository for data, information, and government archives. Its mission is to gather, preserve, and prepare public records in various forms and formats for use by researchers and the general public. Aligned with current technological breakthroughs and the Government Transformation Policy, ANM is committed to raising public awareness in all fields, consequently contributing to the development of extraordinary human capital through the free sharing of knowledge.
INTRODUCTION To popularize and communalize archival material online, the Online Finding Aids (OFA) program is a complete tool launched to offer strong research and reference capabilities. The Media Asset Management System (MAMS) for audiovisual records, the Computerized Archival System (COMPASS) for conventional records, and the Archival Management System (AMS) for electronic records are the three main systems that OFA combines.
INTRODUCTION Through this interface, users can access archive materials at any time and from any location by enabling centralized searching of all kinds of materials. The four primary tasks of OFA are the following: online payment processing, materials reservation, searching module, and digital format conservation.
INTRODUCTION Our group used OFA to research "Bangunan Bersejarah di Pulau Pinang" (Historical Buildings in Penang), in preparation for this semester's project, "Lokasi / Warisan Bersejarah Malaysia." Using archival records, this study investigates Penang's rich colonial history and architectural heritage, emphasizing the necessity of maintaining Malaysia's cultural past. Using OFA's advanced features, we were able to assemble a comprehensive list of archival sources, each properly documented to assure accurate reference and authenticity.
HISTORY OF SELECTED Penang's history began in the late 18th century, when Captain Francis Light of the British East India Company established a trade post in 1786, recognizing the island's advantageous location in the Strait of Malacca. The British established sovereignty in 1791 by a treaty with the Sultan of Kedah and had advanced to the mainland by 1800. Penang, Malacca, and Singapore were all part of the Straits Settlements, a British crown colony established in 1826. Initially thinly populated, the island grew into a thriving commercial center with a diverse community of Chinese, Indians, Sumatrans, and Burmans, eventually becoming a significant hub for tin and rubber commerce by the mid-19th century. Penang is currently well-known for its historic architecture, dynamic harbor, and cultural history, as well as a thriving economy based on manufacturing, particularly electronics and tourism.
PULAU PINANG
BUILDINGS
Penang Harbour, established in 1786 by Captain Francis Light, became a significant trading hub along the Straits of Malacca. By the 1830s, Penang was integrated into the Straits Settlements, enhancing its importance and attracting more ships. The harbour's infrastructure improved after being declared a Crown Colony in 1867. The late 19th century saw significant development, with the construction of new wharves and the introduction of steamships. The opening of Swettenham Pier in 1904 increased the harbour's capacity to handle passengers and cargo. In the early 20th century, Sir Laurence Nunns Guillemard, the Governor of the Straits Settlements from 1920 to 1927, played a crucial role in improving administrative efficiency and promoting economic growth, likely supporting the development of Penang Harbour. Figure 1.0: PELABUHAN PULAU PINANG (PENANG HARBOUR) Accession No.: 2001/0052583W
Penang Hill, also known as Bukit Bendera, was the first colonial hill station in Southeast Asia. It was discovered by British explorer Captain Francis Light, who established the British colony in Penang in 1786, and was first known as Flagstaff Hill because the British flag was flown there to signal oncoming guests. Standing at 833 meters, the hill was suitable for a viewing point. Figure 2.0: GEORGE TOWN - FROM PENANG HILL, AN ALTITUDE OF 2,400 FEET;1932 Accession No.: 2001/0038891W
The cenotaph was unveiled by the Prince of Wales on March 31, 1922 at the Esplanade seafront where some World War I battles were fought and where many sailors lost their lives. The Penang Veterans Association (PVA) erected another small monument beside the cenotaph to remember those killed in World War II, Siam-Burma Death Railway, Malayan Emergency, Indonesian Confrontation and the Reinsurgency period. Figure 3.0: THE CENOTAPH, GEORGE TOWN, PENANG; 1932. Accession No.: 2001/0038907W
Chulia Street was originally known as Kling Street as large numbers of Indians from Southern India known as 'men from Kalinga' or 'orang kling' in Malay had congregated in the area. It was renamed Chulia Street as the term 'kling' adopted a deragotary association when Indian convicts were transported to Singapore. Chulia is the North Indian term for the Kalinga kingdom. Figure 4.0: CHULIA STREET, PENANG; 1932. Accession No.: 2001/0038932W
Penang Hill, also known as Bukit Bendera, is a colonial hill station in Malaysia, discovered by Francis Light in the late 18th century. It was developed as a retreat from tropical heat, with the Penang Hill Railway constructed in 1906 and completed in 1923. During World War II, the hill was occupied by the Japanese, but it continued to develop as a tourist destination. The railway was upgraded in 1977 and 2010 to modernize the system. Today, Penang Hill offers nature trails, historical buildings, and panoramic views of George Town, serving as a symbol of Penang's colonial past and natural beauty. Figure 5.0 : BUKIT BENDERA/PENANG HILL, JALAN KERETAPI, PANDANGAN DARI UDARA, PULAU PINANG; T.T Accession No.: 2001/0050636W
Light Street in George Town, Penang, is one of the island's oldest streets, named for Captain Francis Light, who established the British settlement in 1786. During the colonial era, it became the center for important structures such as the Governor's Residence, St. George's Church, the Penang Supreme Court, and Convent Light Street. These landmarks were significant to Penang's governance and development. Light Street is still a key element of George Town's heritage zone and is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The surviving colonial-era buildings on Light Street continue to attract visitors, showcasing Penang's rich historical and architectural past. Figure 6.0: LIGHT STREET, PENANG, N.D. Accession No.: 2001/0022461W
Figure 7.0: NO.134 MALAYA MOSQUE, PITT STREET, PENANG, 1950AN. Accession No.: 2014/0019632W The name of this mosque was originally "Malaya Mosque" then changed to "Kapitan Keling Mosque" because the title was given to the leader of the Indian Muslim community in Penang (the Indian Muslim who built it). "Kapitan" was a title used during the colonial period for community leaders, and "Keling" is a term historically used to refer to people of Indian origin, particularly those from the Coromandel Coast in South India.
Figure 8.0: CLOCK TOWER, PENANG, 1902- 1950AN. Accession No.: 2014/0019333W Penang local millionaire Cheah Chen Eok constructed the Victoria Memorial Clocktower at King Edward Place in 1897 to mark the 60th year of the Queen's reign. Each foot of the tower's sixty feet height represented a year during the Queen's reign. Sadly, she never made it to Penang and didn't live long enough to see her clock tower finished. The Queen had passed away by the time it was finished in 1902.
Figure 9.0: AYER ITAM TEMPLE, PENANG, 1900-1960AN. Accession No.: 2014/0019645W Kek Lok Si, also known as the Temple of Supreme Bliss, is one of Southeast Asia's largest and best-known Buddhist temples. The temple, located at Air Itam on Penang Island, Malaysia, began building in 1890 and took several decades to finish. Beow Lean, a devout Chinese Buddhist, founded it with the goal of establishing a large temple that would become a major Buddhist center in the region.
Figure 10.0: PATUNG PERINGATAN FRANCIS LIGHT DI GEORGE TOWN, 1936 Accession No.: 2015/0000064W The Francis Light Statue, located in Fort Cornwallis in George Town, Penang, was erected in 1936 to honor Captain Francis Light's 150th anniversary of founded Penang. As the British explorer who founded the colony in 1786, Light was instrumental in Penang's development as a strategic trading center. The monument, which depicts Light in 18th-century costume, is a major cultural and historical icon, representing Penang's colonial origins and evolution into a thriving port city.
Downing Street in George Town, Penang, is a historically significant avenue that reflects the city's colonial past. Named after London's famed Downing Street, it demonstrates the British influence on Penang's urban planning and architecture. Looking towards Beach Street, one of George Town's oldest and most important streets, Downing Street is lined with colonial-era buildings that originally housed trading enterprises, banks, and other important industries for Penang's economy. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this neighborhood was a thriving economic hub, providing an important connection in Penang's function as a major port in the Strait of Malacca. Today, it remains a vibrant part of George Town, retaining much of its historical charm while accommodating modern developments. F i g u r e 1 1 . 0 : D O W N I N G S T R E E T , G E O R G E T O W N , P E N A N G , L O O K I N G T O W A R D S B E A C H S T R E E T ; 1 9 3 2 Accession No.: 2001/0038895W
Figure 12.0: PENANG FREE SCHOOL, GREEN LANE, PENANG; 1932 Accession No.: 2001/0038904W Penang Free School, founded in 1816, is Malaysia's oldest English-medium school. Founded by British colonial authorities and contributors, it was originally established to give free education to disadvantaged local students. The school played an important role in Penang's educational and social growth, and it has since become a prominent institution known for its academic prowess and rich history. Its ancient campus, located in Green Lane, Penang, remains a prominent educational icon.
The Khoo Kongsi mansion, located in Cannon Square, Penang, is a well-known clan mansion erected in 1906 by the Khoo clan, one of Penang's richest Chinese families. The ornate structure features traditional Southern Chinese architecture and intricate craftsmanship, representing the clan's affluence and heritage. By 1932, it had become a hub for the Khoo family, hosting social and cultural activities. The Khoo Kongsi House is a notable historical and cultural site that reflects Penang's rich Chinese past. Figure 13.0: THE KHOO KONGSI HOUSE - CANNON SQUARE, PENANG; 1932. Accession No.: 2001/0038925W
EVENTS
Figure 14.0: GROUP PHOTOGRAPH AT FORT CORNWALLIS, GEORGETOWN, PENANG, N.D. Accession No.: 2001/0022825W The group portrait at Fort Cornwallis in George Town, Penang, shows well-known gentlemen in full uniform. Fort Cornwallis, built by the British East India Company in the late 18th century, was an important military and defensive bastion throughout the colonial era. The snapshot depicts historical characters, representing the fort's importance as a hub for military and administrative activity during Penang's early history.
Figure 15.0: ANGGOTA-ANGGOTA POLIS KHAS SEDANG MENJALANKAN TUGAS SEKATAN JALANRAYA DI CANNON SQUARE BERHAMPIRAN DENGAN KHOO KONGSI LAMA, DALAM TAHUN 1867, SEMASA BERLAKUNYA RUSUHAN KUMPULAN KONGSI GELAP CINA DI PULAU PINANG. Accession No.: 1998/0004377W During the Penang Riots in 1867, special police officials set up obstacles at Cannon Square, near the ancient Khoo Kongsi, to keep Chinese secret societies from fighting violently. This period saw fierce gang conflicts and significant turmoil in Penang. The presence of law enforcement at Cannon Square emphasizes the area's historical significance as both a community and a site of conflict.
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