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Published by , 2017-05-28 23:10:35

gadda_01-03

gadda_01-03

evsjv M‡`¨i D™e¢ I weKvk : GKwU iƒc‡iLv

be¨ fviZxq Avhf© vlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvi D™¢e| Avbgy vwbK mnmªvwaK ermi c‡~ e© Avgv‡`i gvZf… vlvi Rb¥|
evsjv fvlvi Avw` wb`kb© Ph©vc`| G¸‡jv KweZvi Avw½‡K iwPZ| Ph©vc` †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Dwbk kZ‡Ki ce~ ©
chš© —evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm g~jZ Kve¨PPv© i BwZnvm| Dwjw− LZ mnmªvwaK eQi evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx cÖvZ¨wnK
cÖ‡qvR‡b fv‡ei Av`vb-c`Ö vb K‡i‡Q †gŠwLK evsjvq| evsjv wjwLZ M‡`¨i D™e¢ wejw¤^Z n‡q‡Q e‡jB AvVv‡iv
kZK chš© — we¯Z—… nvRvi eQ‡ii evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv|

mvwn‡Z¨i evnb bv n‡jI cÖvZ¨wnK I mvgvwRK cÖ‡qvR‡bB ga¨h‡y Mi evsjv‡`‡k wjwLZ M`¨fvlvi cvÖ mw½KZv
Abyf‚Z n‡qwQj| ga¨hy‡M iwPZ e¨w³MZ I ckÖ vmwbK wPwVc‡Î Ges `wjj-`¯—v‡e‡R G M‡`¨i `ó„ vš— Qwo‡q
Av‡Q| c‡Ö qvR‡bi ZvwM‡` iwPZ wek•„ Lj GB M`¨ fvlvi Rb¥ ga¨h‡y Mi mgq cwim‡i n‡jI, evsjv mvwnwZ¨K
M‡`¨i D™¢e n‡q‡Q AvaywbK h‡y M, Dwbk kZ‡Ki evsjv‡`‡k|

Dwbk kZ‡K evsjv wjwLZ M‡`¨i D™e¢ I weKv‡ki m‡½ mswk÷− wQ‡jb we‡`kxiv| AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †k‡l
K‡qKRb Bs‡iR wgkbvix G‡`‡k wLª÷ag© cÖPv‡i AvÍwb‡qvM K‡ib| DBwjqvg †Kix Ges Ugvm wQ‡jb Zvu‡`i
Ab¨Zg| Giu vB 1800 wL÷ª v‡ã KjKvZvi A`‡~ i kxª ivgciy wgkb cwÖ Zôv K‡ib| G wgkb †_‡K evsjv M‡`¨
evB‡ej-Gi Abey v` Ges ag©MÖš’vw` cÖKvwkZ nq| G-mgqB ag©MÖš’ Abey v‡`i cvkvcvwk evsjv M`¨ cvV¨cy¯‡— Ki
fvlvi ¯‡— i DbœxZ nq| DBwjqvg †Kix G‡¶‡ÎI cvjb K‡ib Zvrchc© ~Y© fw‚ gKv|

B÷BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡R †h-me wmwfwjqvb KgP© vix G‡`‡k Avm‡Zb Zviv †`kxq fvlv m¤ú‡K© wQ‡jb m¤úY~ ©
AÁ| Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb‡K my`p„ Kivi ¯^v‡_B© Bs‡iR wmwfwjqvb‡`i Ávb-weÁvb I †`kxq fvlv wk¶vi
Avek¨KZv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb fvi‡Zi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij jW© I‡q‡jm&wj| ZvuiB D‡`¨v‡M G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b
†i‡L 1800 wL÷ª v‡ã KjKvZvq cÖwZwôZ nq †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR| Ab¨vb¨ †`kxq-fvlvi cvkvcvwk evsjv
fvlv wk¶v`v‡bi mev© waK ¸i“Z¡ Abyfe K‡iB K‡jRwU‡Z ïi“i c‡ii eQiB (1801) evsjv wefvM cÖwZôv Kiv
nq| DBwjqvg †Kix nb evsjv wefv‡Mi c_Ö g Aa¨vcK I Aa¨¶| wZwb wb‡R evsjv M‡`¨ `ywU eB iPbv Ki‡jb
Ges †`kxq wk¶K I ms¯‹…ZÁ cwÊZ‡`i w`‡qI wKQy cvV¨MšÖ ’ cÖYqb Kiv‡jb| G chv© ‡qi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MšÖ ’¸wj
nj :

MšÖ ’ iPwqZv

1. K‡_vcK_b (1801) DBwjqvg †Kix (1761-1834)

BwZnvmgvjv (1812)

2. wn‡Zvc‡`k (1802) †Mv‡jvKbv_ kg©v

3. Iwi‡q›Uvj †deywj÷ (Bkcm& †dej&‡mi Abey v` ZvwiYxPiY wgÎ (Avby 1772-1837)

(1803)

4. gnvivR K…òP›`ª ivqm¨ PwiÎs (1805) ivRxe†jvPb g‡y Lvcva¨vq

5. †ZvZv BwZnvm (1805) PÊxPiY gyÝx (1760-1808)

6. ivRv cZÖ vcvw`Z¨ PwiÎ (1801) ivgivg emy (1757-1813)

wjwcgvjv (1802)

7. ewÎk wmsnvmb (1802) gZ„ z¨Äq we`¨vj¼vi (Avby. 1762-1819)

wn‡Zvc‡`k (1808)

ivRvewj

evsjv cï_g cï

evsjv M`¨‡K cvV¨cy¯—‡Ki MwÊ †_‡K gy³ Kivi Kw… ZZ¡ hMy ciy “l ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq-Gi (1774-1833)|
Dwbk kZ‡Ki beRvMi‡Yi AMÖbvqK wQ‡jb wZwb| Zviu D‡`¨vM I PPv© q evsjv M`¨ H ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vj‡bi
gva¨g n‡q I‡V| mgvR I ag© wel‡q cvÖ Yeš— ZK© weZ‡Ki© wjwLZ M`¨iƒc wewfbœ cwÎKvq I cyw¯K— vq cÖKvwkZ
nq| G fv‡eB evsjv M`¨ weKvkavivi c_ Ly‡u R cvq| ivg‡gvnb ivq iwPZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’¸wj nj : Ô†e`vš—
MÖš’Õ (1815), Ô†e`vš— mviÕ (1815), Ô†Mv¯v^ gxi mwnZ wePviÕ (1818), ÔmngiY welqKÕ ÔcÖeZ©K wbeZ©K m¤^v`Õ
(1818-19), ivg‡gvn‡bi mgmvgwqK‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jL− ‡hvM¨ †jLK n‡”Qb ÔKwjKvZv KgjvjqÕ, Ôbeevey wejvmÕ,
Ôbewewe wejvmÕ M‡Ö ši’ iPwqZv fevbxPiY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1787-1848)|

Av‡jvPbv ÔweZK© I gxgvsmvÕ Ges ag©Z‡Ë¡i evnb wn‡m‡e evsjv M‡`¨i AwgZ m¤v¢ ebv‡K cwÖ Zôv K‡iwQ‡jb
ivg‡gvnb ivq| Avi G M`¨‡K mvwn‡Z¨i evn‡bi gh©v`vq Dbxœ Z Ki‡jb Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi(1820-91)| fve
I welq Abmy v‡i evK¨web¨vm Ges Bs‡iwR fvlvi Av`‡j wewfbœ weivg-wP‡ýi e¨envi K‡i evsjv M‡`¨ k„•Ljv
cwÖ Zôvi K…wZZI¡ Zviu | iex›`bª v_ Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi‡K AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb evsjv M‡`¨i cÖ_g wkíx Awfavq|
Z‡e we`¨vmvMi mw„ ókxj mvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb bv| wZwb caÖ vbZ Abyev`K, cvV¨MšÖ ’ cÖ‡YZv Ges wk¶v-mgvR mvwnZ¨
wel‡qi ceÖ ÜKvi| Zviu Abw~ `Z, iwPZ D‡jL− ‡hvM¨ MÖš’¸wj n‡”Q : †eZvj cÂweskwZ (1847), kKzš—jv
(1854), mxZvi ebevm (1860), åvwš—wejvm (1869), ev½vjvi BwZnvm (1848), RxebPwiZ(1849), ms¯‹…Z
fvlv I mvwnZ¨ kv¯¿welqK cÖ¯v— e (1853), we`¨vmvMi PwiZ (1891) BZ¨vw`|

we`¨vmvM‡ii mgmvgwqK Ges †jLK wn‡m‡e c‡~ e© Avwef©‚Z A¶qKzgvi `Ë (1820-86) Ges †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKiz
(1817-1905) G chv© ‡qi wewkó M`¨ iPwqZv| Ôweï× I wb‡gvn© eyw×iÕ PPv© Kvix wn‡m‡e evsjv M‡`¨ A¶q
Kzgv‡ii Ae`vb mywPwýZ| weÁv‡bi RwUj welqI †h evsjv M‡`¨i evnb n‡Z cv‡i, †m m¤¢vebv Avwe®‹v‡ii
Kw… ZZ¡I Zvui| A¶qKgz vi `‡Ëi D‡jL− ‡hvM¨ MšÖ ¸’ wj nj : f‚‡Mvj (1841), Pvi“cvV (wZbLÊ, 1853-59),
c`v_©we`¨v (1856), evn¨e¯‘i mwnZ gvbecÖK…wZi m¤^ÜwePvi (c_Ö g I wØZxq LÊ ; 1851, 1853), fviZelxq©
DcvmK m¤ú`Ö vq (cÖ_g LÊ 1870, wØZxq LÊ 1883) Avi †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKiz wjwLZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš¸’ wj nj
eªvþag© MÖš’ (1850), AvZÍË¡we`¨v(1852), Ávb I a‡g©i Dbwœ Z (1893)|

Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡_© cKÖ Z… Avawy bKZvi m~Pbv N‡U evsjv mvwn‡Z¨| G mgq †_‡KB evsjv M`¨ weï×
mvwn‡Z¨i evnb n‡q I‡V| m„wókxj M`¨ mvwnZ¨ iPbvi m~ÎcvZI nq G mgq| Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡ai© c_Ö g
`k‡K m„wókxj M`¨ iPwqZv wn‡m‡e mvwnZ¨ RM‡Z Avwef‚©Z nb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ ev †UKPvu` VvKiz (1814-83),
f‡‚ `e gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1827-94), gvB‡Kj gaym`~ b `Ë(1824-73) I `xbeÜz wgÎ (1839-73) | f‚‡`e
g‡y Lvcva¨vq †ek KwU cvV¨MÖš’ iPbv Ki‡jI mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m Zviu Kw_Kvagx© iPbv ÔHwZnvwmK Dcb¨vmÕ
(1779 kKvã) we‡kl Zvrch© wPwýZ| G MÖ‡š’i `By Kvwnbx Ômdj ¯c^ œÕ I ÔA½yixq wewbgqÕ-‡K †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
mgv‡jvPK cÖ_g evsjv Dcb¨vm iPbvi cqÖ vm wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi j¶Y c_Ö g
mevw© aK cwiõzU n‡q I‡V †UKPv`u VvKzi QÙ bv‡g †jLv c¨vixPv`u wg‡Îi ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ(1858) M‡Ö š|’
Z‡e ÔAvjv‡ji N‡i `jy v‡jiÕ ¸i“Z¡ ïay Dcb¨v‡mi j¶Yhy³ cÖ_g iPbv wn‡m‡e bq eis evsjv M‡`¨i
cvjve`‡ji gvBj djK wn‡m‡eB Gi mgwaK ¸i“Z¡| c¨vixPv`u wgÎ ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ-G e¨envi Ki‡jb
KjKvZvi PjwZ eywj I AvÂwjK Dcfvlv| Gi gva¨‡g mw„ ókxj mvwn‡Z¨ K_¨eywj I AvÂwjK Dcfvlv
e¨env‡ii AwgZ m¤¢vebv Avwe®‹…Z nj| evsjv M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m ÔAvjvjx fvlvÕ ZvB GK ¯§iYxq gvBj
djK| ÔAvjvjx fvlvÕ Av‡jvPbvq Ôû‡Zvgx fvlvÕi cmÖ ½ ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB G‡m c‡o| KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn (1840-
70) iwPZ Ôû‡Zvg c¨vPvi bKk& vÕI (1862-64) KjKvZvi PjwZ ewy j‡Z iwPZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MšÖ |’ KvjxcmÖ ‡bœi
c~‡e© evsjv M‡`¨ mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi e¨eavb mwy PwýZ wQj bv| Zvui Ab~w`Z Ôgnvfvi‡ZÕ Ges Ôû‡Zvg
c¨vPu vi bK&kvqÕ K¬vwmK mvafy vlv I Acfvlv wgwkZª PwjZ eywji e¨eavbwU †gvUv `v‡M wPwýZ |

Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© c_Ö g `kK evsjv M‡`¨ †gŠwjK bvU¨mvwnZ¨ iPbvi Kvi‡YI we‡klfv‡e Zvrchc© Y~ |©
¯§iYxq, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Avwefv© e n‡qwQj bvU¨Kvi cwiP‡q| Zviu iwPZ ÔKò… Kgz vixÕ
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ cÖ_g mv_K© Uª¨v‡RwW bvUK| gaym`~ ‡bi Ab¨vb¨ bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨ `wy U

MÁˆi i‚cÁiLv 2

GBP Gm wm ÂcïvMïvg

cÖnmb ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ (1860) I Ôe‡y ov mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †ivÕu (1860)| gamy ~`‡bi bvU¨PPv© q m¤úmÖ vwiZ
nj evsjv M‡`¨i m¤¢vebv| evsjv M`¨ †h mv_©K bvU‡Ki, we‡klZ ¸i“M¤¢xi U¨ª v‡RwW I e¨½-we`ªƒc c~Y© cnÖ m‡bi
evnb n‡Z cv‡i, gaym`~ ‡bi bvUK Zviu D¾j¡ `„óvš—|
evsjv M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m Avi GK D‡jL− ‡hvM¨ bvg `xbeÜz wgÎ| Ôbxj`c©YÕ (1860) Gi iPwqZv wn‡m‡e
mgwaK cwiwPZ `xbeÜzi †kôª bvU¨KxwZ© Ômaevi GKv`kx, (1866) bvUK| welq‡MŠi‡ei w`K †_‡K Ôbxj`cY© Õ-
Gi Amvgvb¨Zv m‡ËI¡ M`¨fw½i wewkóZvi Kvi‡Y Ômaevi GKv`kxÕi i‡q‡Q GK ¯^Zš¿ gj~ ¨| `xbeÜz G bvU‡K
jNfy w½i fvlvi Avk‡ª q Rxe‡bi †e`bven GK cÖvš—‡K wkíiƒc w`‡Z mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb| Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ bvUK-
Gi gva¨‡g `xbeÜz evsjv M‡`¨i eûgLy x m¤v¢ ebvi GKwU w`Mš— D‡b¥vPb K‡iwQ‡jb me©mg‡¶|
cvV¨cy¯K— I ZK©-weZ‡Ki© evnb wn‡m‡e cÖPwjZ †h M`¨ we`¨vmvM‡ii PP©vq wkí gva¨‡gi ¯—‡i Dbxœ Z n‡qwQj,
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq-Gi (1838-94) mvabvq †m M`¨ wkwíZ Dcb¨v‡mi aviK n‡q DVj| Dwbk kZ‡Ki
wØZxqv‡a© ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ M‡`¨, hyMcrfv‡e Dcb¨vm I Ab¨vb¨ M`¨iPbvq evsjv M‡`¨i MfxiZv, e¨vwß I Hkh¦ ©
mycÖgvwYZ nj| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g mv_K© Dcb¨v‡mi iPwqZv wn‡m‡e ew¼g M`¨PP©vi bZzb †h c_mÜvb w`‡jb,
Zv‡K AbymiY K‡iB m„wókxj M`¨mvwnZ¨ DËiKv‡j weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ D‡jL− ‡hvM¨ MšÖ m’ gn~ n‡”Q
Dcb¨vm `‡y Mk© bw›`bx (1865), KcvjKÊz jv (1866), wele¶„ (1873), K…òKv‡š—i DBj (1878), ivRwmsn
(1882), Avb›`gV ((1884), wewea cÖeÜ (1g fvM 1887, 2q fvM 1892)|
gxi †gvkviid †nv‡mb (1847-1912) G h‡y Mi GKRb ewjô M`¨‡jLK| Ôwelv`wmÜÕz Zviu (1885, 1887,
1891) mevw© aK RbwcÖq MšÖ |’ †jL‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ M`¨MÖ‡š’i bvg ÔD`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_vÕ (1890), ÔMvRx
wgqvui e¯—vbxÕ (1899)|
Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡_© mvwnZ¨RM‡Z AvwefZ‚© n‡jI iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi-Gi (1861-1941) mvwnZ¨ mvabvi
we¯—vi I mg„w× wek kZ‡K| Avi wek kZ‡Ki c_Ö gva‡© K AwfwnZ Kiv nq Ôiex›`ªhMy Õ bv‡g| ¯§iYxq, Dwbk
kZ‡KB iex›`bª v‡_i †ek wKQy D‡j−L‡hvM¨ M`¨MšÖ ’ cÖKvwkZ nq| we‡klZ ÔMí¸‡”QÕ †kªôMí¸‡jvi †ek KwU
iwPZ nq G-mg‡q| Z‡e M`¨PP©vq iex›`ªbv‡_i wkLi¯úkx© mvdj¨ N‡U‡Q wek kZ‡KB| wek kZ‡Ki wØZxq
`k‡K, ÔmeyR cÎÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ M‡íi gva¨‡g iex›`ªbv‡_i M`¨ixwZi cvjve`j N‡U| G mgq †_‡K wZwb
mvafy vlv ixwZi M`¨ cwiZ¨vM K‡i PwjZ fvlvixwZi M`¨ MnÖ Y K‡ib Ges AvgZ„ z¨ M`¨PPv© q H ixwZi c‡Ö qvM
Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb|
iex›`bª v‡_i M`¨PPv© q weKvkgvb evsjv M`¨fvlv Pig DrKl© jvf K‡i| gvby‡li eûgLy x Av‡eM Abyf‚wZ, Ávb-
weÁv‡bi wewfbœ kvLv, ag©ZË¡ I `kb© Zvui mR„ bkxj PPv© q evsjv M‡`¨i evnb n‡q I‡V| evsjv M‡`¨i †h
m¤v¢ ebv ew¼gP‡›`iª iPbvq cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj iex›`ªbv‡_i M‡`¨ Zv wewPÎgvwÎK e¨Äbvq Hk¦hk© vjx n‡q DVj|
wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a© wb‡Ri RxeÏkvq iex›`bª v_B wQ‡jb evsjvM‡`¨i Ôga¨vý MM‡bi mh~ Õ© | iex›`ªbv‡_i wecyj
M`¨m¤¢v‡ii g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’¸wj n‡”Q : bvUK- APjvqZb (1912), WvKNi (1912), i³Kiex (1916),
gy³aviv (1925), Dcb¨vm- †Pv‡Li evwj (1903), †Mviv (1908), PZzi½(1915), N‡i evB‡i (1915),
†hvMv‡hvM (1929), †k‡li KweZv (1929)| †QvUMí - Mí¸”Q (wZbLÊ), †m (1937), wZbm½x (1941)|
ceÖ Ü- mf¨Zvi msKU (1941)| mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbv- cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ (1907), mvwnZ¨ (1907), AvaywbK mvwnZ¨
(1907)| ivRbxwZ I mgvR welqK MšÖ ’- ¯‡^ `k (1908) wk¶v (1908), Kvjvš—i (1937), ag© I `kb© kv¯¿
welqK MšÖ -’ ag© (1909), kvwš—wb‡KZb (1909-16), gvby‡li ag© (1913)| e¨w³MZ ceÖ Ü- cÂf‚Z (1907),
wewPÎ ceÖ Ü (1907), wQbcœ Î (1912), Rxeb¯§„wZ (1912) ivwkqvi wPwV (1931), †Q‡j‡ejv (1940)|
iex›`-ª h‡y M Avwef‚Z© n‡qI whwb iex›`ªM`¨ Øviv cÖfvweZ nb wb Ges iex›`ªbv_‡KB cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb
cgÖ _ †PŠaiy x (1868-1946)| Zviu †jLK Q›`bvg ÔexiejÕ; bZzb M`¨ixwZi ceÖ ³v wn‡m‡e wZwb we‡kl L¨vwZ
jvf K‡ib| Zvui M`¨ Ôexiejx M`¨Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Zvui Avi GK Amvgvb¨ KxwZ© ÔmeyRcÎÕ bv‡gi mvwnZ¨
cwÎKvi cÖKvkbv| wZwbB c_Ö g KjKvZvi cÖwgZ PwjZ fvlvq M`¨mvwnZ¨ iPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib| Zvui m¤úvw`Z

Mˆ 3

evsjv cï_g cï

ÔmeyRcÎÕ cwÎKv‡ZB iex›`bª v_ c_Ö g PwjZ fvlvixwZi M`¨ †jLv ïi“ K‡ib| Zvui D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MšÖ -’ exie‡ji
nvjLvZv, bvbv K_v (1919), ivq‡Zi K_v, MímsMÖn|
iex›`ªbv‡_i mvabvq evsjv M`¨ DrK‡l©i Pig chv© ‡q †cŠQu v‡jI †KvwU †KvwU evOvwji Rxeš— fvlv wn‡m‡e evsjv
fvlv AvRI weKvkgvb| iex›`hª y‡M Ges iex‡›`ªvËi h‡y M evsjv M`¨PP©vq hvuiv Amvgvb¨ `¶Zvi ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb,
†m me m„wókxj K_vmvwnwZ¨K I gbbkxj cÖvewÜK‡`i g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKR‡bi bvg I K…wZi
cwiPq wb‡Pi Q‡K Dc¯v’ cb Kiv nj :

†jL‡Ki bvg M‡Ö ši’ bvg

1. iv‡g›`ªmy›`i w·e`x (1864-1919) cKÖ …wZ(1303), wRÁvmv (1310), wewPÎ RMr (1920)|

2. Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKiz (1871-1951) ev‡Mk¦ix wkí cÖeÜvejx (1949), N‡ivqv (1348)|

3. kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq (1878-1938) cj−xmgvR (1914), kªxKvš— (1917-33), PwiÎnxb (1917),
M„n`vn (1920)|

4. ivR‡kLi emy (1880-1960) MÇvwjKv (1924), K¾jx (1927)|

5. †gvwnZjvj gRgy `vi (1888-1952) AvaywbK evsjv mvwnZ¨, Kwe kªxgamy `~ b, ew¼g-eiY|

6. wef‚wZfl‚ Y e‡›`¨vcvavq (1894- c‡_i cvPu vjx (1929), AviY¨K (1345), BQvgZx (1356)|

1950)

7. KvRx Ave`jy I`y` (1894-1970) kvk¦Z e½ (1358), Kwe¸i“ †M¨‡U (2 LÊ), evsjvi RvMiY

(1956), Kwe¸i“ iex›`ªbv_, nhiZ †gvnv¤§` I Bmjvg

(1966)|

8. Avejy gbmyi Avng` (1898-1979) Avqbv, dzW Kbdv‡iÝ, Avmgvbxc`©v, Mvwjf‡ii mdibvgv,
Rxeb ¶az v, Av‡envqvZ, mZ¨wg_¨v, Avgvi †`Lv ivRxbxwZi
cÂvk Ges AvKÍ_v|

9. Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1898-1971) MY‡`eZv (1942), cÂMÖvg (1943), Kwe (1942), nvmu ywj
ev‡u Ki DcK_v (1947)

10. KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg (1899-1976) evau bnviv (1927), g„Zz¨¶az v (1930), e¨_vi `vb (1922),
hyMevYx (1922), `yw`‡© bi hvÎx

11. may x›`bª v_ `Ë (1901-57) ¯^MZ, Kjz vq I Kvjcyi“l|

12. †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠaiy x (1903-1956) ms¯‹…wZ (1365)|
13. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx (1904-74) †`‡k we‡`‡k, cÂZš¿, PvPvKvwnbx, kebg|

14. Aveyj dRj (1905-1981) ivOv cÖfvZ (1927), mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹w… Z mvabv (1960),
mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹w… Z I Rxeb, ïfewy ×, mgKvjxb wPš—v|

15. ûgvqyb Kwei (1906-1969) evsjvi Kve¨ (1942)|

16. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1908-56) cÙvb`xi gvwS (1936), cZy zj bv‡Pi BwZK_v (1936), wPý
(1947)|

17. e×y ‡`e emy (1908-74) Kwe iex›`bª v_, iex›`ªbv_ : K_vmvwnZ¨, gnvfvi‡Zi K_v, nVvr
Av‡jvi SjKvwb, Avgvi †hŠeb, Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv|

18. webq †Nvl (1917-80) evsjvi beRvMw„ Z, cwðge‡½i ms¯‹w… Z|

19. ˆmq` IqvjxDj−vn& (1922-71) bqbPviv, jvjmvjy, Pvu‡`i Agvem¨v, Kvu‡`v b`x Kv‡`u v|

20. gby xi †PŠayix (1925-71) Kei, gxigvbm, evsjv M`¨ixwZ, Zjz bvgj~ K mgv‡jvPbv|

MÁˆi i‚cÁiLv 4

weovj

ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq

†jLK cwiwPwZ

cwðg evsjvi ˆbnvwUi KvQvKvwQ KvVu vjcvov MvÖ ‡g 1838 mv‡j ew¼gP‡›`ªi Rb¥ nq| ûMjx †gvnwmb K‡jR
Ges †cwÖ m‡WwÝ K‡j‡R wZwb †jLvcov K‡ib| 1858 mv‡j KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K we.G cvk K‡ib|
wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c_Ö g MÖvR‡y qU| KgR© xe‡b wZwb cÖ_g fviZxq I evOvjx †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷Uª I
†WcywU Kv‡j±i wQ‡jb|
ew¼gP‡›`iª c_Ö g iPbv ÔjwjZv| cyivKvwjK Mí| ÔZ_v gvbmÕ GKwU Kve¨MÖš’| cKÖ vwkZ nq 1853 mv‡j|
1864 mv‡j cKÖ vwkZ nq Rajmohan`s wife| mvwnZ¨ iPbvq †SvuK Zviu eiveiB wQj| evOjv mvwnZ¨ mvabvi
cÖwZ wZwb AvK…ó n‡jb| Kve¨ Ges Bs‡iwR iPbv †Q‡o wZwb M`¨ iPbvq gb w`‡jb| 1865 mv‡j cKÖ vwkZ nj
Ô`‡y Mk© bw›`bxÕ| evOjv mvwn‡Z¨ GwUB c_Ö g mv_©K evsjv Dcb¨vm| M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i RM‡Z Av‡jvob m„wó Ki‡jv
G Dcb¨vm| evOjv M‡`¨I †h DËg mvwnZ¨ iPbv m¤¢e Ô`‡y Mk© bw›`bxÕ Dcb¨vm wj‡L ew¼gP›`ª †m K_vB cgÖ vY
Ki‡jb| we`¨vmvM‡ii ms¯‹…Z †Nulv mvay ixwZi evOjvq †hUzKz RoZv wQ‡jv, ew¼gP‡›`iª nv‡Z Zv `i~ n‡jv−
evOjv n‡q DV‡jv mvwn‡Z¨i Dc‡hvMx fvlv| ¸‡Y-gv‡b fve I fvlvq ew¼gP‡›`iª mvayixwZi M`¨ iPbv mgv‡R
LyeB mgv`i †c‡qwQj| 1894 mv‡j ew¼gP›`ª Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|
evOjv M‡`¨i wewfbœ kvLvq wZwb Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| Z‡e Zviu weL¨vZ iPbvi g‡a¨ Dcb¨vmB caÖ vb|

K‡qKwU weL¨vZ MÖ‡š’i bvg

Dcb¨vm : KcvjKÊz jv (1866), g„Yvwjbx (1869), K…òKv‡š—i DBj (1878), wele¶„ (1873), ivRwmsn
BZ¨vw`|
ig¨ iPbv : KgjvKv‡š—i `ßi (1875)|
cÖeÜ : wewea ceÖ Ü (c_Ö g I wØZxq fvM 1887-92), K…òPwiÎ (1886)|

f‚wgKv

ÔweovjÕ ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iwPZ GKwU ig¨iPbv| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi hZ¸‡jv ig¨ iPbv Av‡Q, ÔweovjÕ
Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| GwU ÔKgjvKv‡ši— `ßiÕ MšÖ ’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| cÖeÜwU †QvU wKš‘ wPi bZbz | KgjvKvš— I
weov‡ji K_vevZv© i ga¨ w`‡q †jLK Mfxi `k‡© bi K_v e‡j‡Qb| weovj Pwi·K †jLK `wi`ª ewÂZ I †kvwlZ
mgv‡Ri cwÖ Zwbwa ev cZÖ xK wn‡m‡e mw„ ó K‡i‡Qb| Avi abx mgv‡Ri cÖZxK n‡jb KgjvKvš—| `yBR‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri Avmj Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K mwZ¨Kvi gvbyl n‡Z n‡j Zv‡K Kx Kx ¸‡Yi
AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e †m K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q| mgv‡R k„•Ljv Avb‡Z n‡j gvbly ‡KB †h wePvieyw× wb‡q Pj‡Z n‡e,
abx `wi‡`ªi ˆelg¨ `~i Ki‡Z PvB‡j gvb‡y li fw‚ gKvB †h cÖavb n‡Z n‡e, ¯úó Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q †mw`‡K| ig¨
iPbv wn‡m‡e ÔweovjÕ GK AmvaviY ceÖ Ü| Av‡Rv kZ mnmª cvVK G iPbvwU c‡o Avb›` I wPš—vi †LvivK
†c‡q _v‡Kb|

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MvÖ g

BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨
1. ew¼gP‡›`iª ig¨iPbvi ¸Y gvb I im‡ev‡ai m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡eb|
2. †jL‡Ki mgvR m‡PZbZvi cwiPq cv‡eb|
3. mvaiy xwZi M`¨I †h K‡Zv mnR Ges AvKlY© xq n‡Z cv‡i Zv eSy ‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvV 1

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ wKQy HwZnvwmK bvg I ¯v’ b m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z Ges wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ weovj †Kvb mgv‡Ri cwÖ Zwbwa n‡q wK wK ej‡Q Zv eyS‡Z Ges wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~jcvVwU bxi‡e I mi‡e K‡qKevi cob– Ges eSy evi †Póv Ki“b| evgw`‡K KwVb k‡ãi A_©
†`qv Av‡Q| †m¸‡jv †R‡b wbb| GKBfv‡e Ab¨ cvV¸‡jvI cob– |

kãv_© gj~ cvV

kqbM„n − †kvqvi Ni| Avwg kqb M‡„ n Pvicvqxi Dci ewmqv ûuKv nv‡Z, wSgvB‡ZwQjvg| GKUz wgU&

Pvicvqx − Ujz ev †PŠwK| wgU& Kwiqv ¶`z ª Av‡jv R¡wj‡Z‡Q− †`qv‡ji Dci PÂj Qvqv, †cZÖ er

†cÖZer − †cÖ‡Zi g‡Zv| bvwP‡Z‡Q| Avnvi cÖ¯‘Z nq bvB−G Rb¨ ûKv nv‡Z ,wbgxwjZ‡jvP‡b Avwg
fvwe‡ZwQjvg †h, Avwg hw` †b‡cvwjqb nBZvg, Z‡e IqvUvj©y wRwZ‡Z
wbgxwjZ †jvP‡b − eÜ †Pv‡L| cvwiZvg wK bv| GgZ mg‡q GKUz ¶z`ª kã nBj, Ô†gI!Ó
Pvwnqv †`wLjvg−nVvr wKQy ewy S‡Z cvwijvg bv| cÖ_‡g g‡b nBj, I‡qwjsUb
†b‡cvwjqb − c~Y©bvg
†b‡cvwjqb †evbvcvU© (1769-
1821 wLªt) gnvexi divmx nVvr weovjZ¡ cvÖ ß nBqv, Avgvi wbKU Avwd½ wf¶v Kwi‡Z Avwmqv‡Q| c_Ö g
mgvª U| cvÖ q mgMÖ BD‡ivc Rq D`¨‡g cvlvYer KwVb nBqv, ewje g‡b Kwijvg †h, wWDK gnvkq‡K
K‡ib| 1815 wLtª IqvUvjy© h‡y × BwZc‡~ e© h‡_vwPZ cyi¯‹vi †`qv wMqv‡Q, G¶‡Y Avi AwZwi³ cyi¯‹vi †`qv
wWDK Ae I‡qwjsUb KZ©…K hvB‡Z cv‡i bv| we‡kl AcwiwgZ †jvf fvj b‡n| wWDK ewjj, Ò†gI!Ó
civwRZ nb| †m›U †n‡jbv Øx‡c ZLb P¶z Pvwnqv fvj Kwiqv †`wLjvg †h, I‡qwjsUb b‡n| GKwU ¶`z ª gvRv© i;
wbev©wmZ Ae¯’vq Zvui gZ„ ¨z nq| cmÖ bœ Avgvi Rb¨ †h `y» ivwLqv wMqvwQj, Zvnv wbt‡kl Kwiqv D`imvr
Kwiqv‡Q, Avwg ZLb IqvUvj©iy gv‡V ey¨n-iPbvq e¨¯—, AZ †`wL bvB| G¶‡Y
IqvUvj©y − h×y ‡¶‡Îi bvg| gvRv© imy›`ix, wbR©j `»y cv‡b cwiZß… nBqv Avcb g‡bi myL G RM‡Z cÖKwUZ
GLv‡b †b‡cvwjqb wWDK Ae Kwievi AwfcÖv‡q, AwZ gaiy ¯‡^ i ewj‡Z‡Qb, Ò†gI!Ó k‡ã GKUz gb ewy Sevi
I‡qwjsU‡bi Kv‡Q civwRZ AwfcvÖ q wQj| eywS weov‡ji g‡bi fve, Ò†Zvgvi `ya LvBqv ewmqv
nb| AvwQ−GLb ej wK?Ó
I‡qwjsUb − wWDK Ae
I‡qwjsUb (1769-1854 wLtª ) ewj wK? Avwg Z wVK Kwi‡Z cvwijvg bv| `ay Avgvi ev‡ciI bq| `ya
bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| IqvUvj©y g½jvi, `wy nqv‡Q cÖmbœ| AZGe †m `‡y » AvgviI †h AwaKvi, weov‡jiI
hy‡× Bwb gnvexi †b‡cvwjqb‡K ZvB; myZivs ivM Kwi‡Z cvwi bv| Z‡e wPivMZ GKwU c_Ö v Av‡Q †h, weovj
civwRZ K‡ib| `ya LvBqv †M‡j, Zvnv‡K ZvovBqv gvwi‡Z hvB‡Z nq| Avwg †h †mB wPivMZ
cÖ_vi Aegvbbv Kwiqv gbly ¨Kz‡j Kzjv½vi ¯^iƒc cwiwPZ nBe, BnvI evÃbxq
weovjZ¡ cvÖ ß nBqv − weovj b‡n| wK Rvwb, GB gvRvi© x hw` ¯^RvwZgʇj KgjvKvš—‡K Kvciy “l ewjqv
n‡q| Dcnvm K‡i? AZGe cyi“‡li b¨vq AvPiY KivB we‡aq| Bnv w¯i’ Kwiqv,

weovj 6

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

Avwd½ − Avwdg (cwc dz‡ji mKvZiwP‡Ë, n¯— nB‡Z ûKu v bvgvBqv, A‡bK AbymÜv‡b GK fMœ lwó Avwe®‹…Z
im †_‡K ‰Zwi)| Kwiqv mM‡e© gvRv© ix cwÖ Z avegvb nBjvg|

cvlvYer − cv_‡ii g‡Zv| gvRv© ix KgjvKvš‡— K wPwbZ; †m lwó †`wLqv we‡kl fxZ nIqvi †Kvb j¶Y
cKÖ vk Kwij bv| †Kej Avgvi gLy cv‡b Pvwnqv nvB Zwz jqv, GKUz mwiqv
wWDK gnvkq − ¶z`ª ivRv, ewmj| ewjj, Ò†gIÓ! cÖkœ ewy S‡Z cvwiqv lwó Z¨vM Kwiqv cby iwc kh¨vq
AwfRvZ e¨w³| Avwmqv ûKv jBjvg| ZLb w`e¨KY© cvÖ ß nBqv, gvRv‡© ii e³e¨mKj ewy S‡Z
cvwijvg|
h‡_vwPZ − †hgb DwPZ| ewy Sjvg †h weovj ewj‡Z‡Q, ÒgviwcU †Kb? w¯i’ nBqv, ûuKv nv‡Z Kwiqv,
G¶‡Y − GLb|

AcwiwgZ − cwigvY Kiv nqwb GKUz wePvi Kwiqv †`L †`wL? G msmv‡ii ¶xi, mi, `y», `wa, grm¨, gvsm,
hvi| mKjB †Zvgiv LvB‡e, Avgiv wKQy cvBe bv †Kb? †Zvgiv gbyl¨, Avgiv

gvR©vi − weovj| weovj, c‡Ö f` wK? †Zvgv‡`i ¶zrwccvmv Av‡Q−Avgv‡`i wK bvB? †Zvgiv

wbt‡kl − G‡Kev‡i †kl| LvI, Avgv‡`i AvcwË bvB; wKš‘ Avgiv LvB‡j †Zvgiv †Kvb& kv¯v¿ bymv‡i †V½v

D`imvr − †L‡q †djv| jvwV jBqv gvwi‡Z AvBm, Zvnv Avwg eû Abmy Üv‡b cvBjvg bv| †Zvgiv
Avgvi Kv‡Q wKQz Dc‡`k MÖnY Ki| weÁ PZ®z ú‡`i Kv‡Q wk¶vjvf e¨ZxZ
e¨y n iPbv − hy‡×i Rb¨ ˆmb¨ †Zvgv‡`i Áv‡bvbœwZi Dcvqvši— †`wL bv| †Zvgv‡`i we`¨vjq mKj †`wLqv
mvRv‡bv| Avgvi †eva nq, †Zvgiv GZ w`‡b G K_vwU eywS‡Z cvwiqvQ|
Ò†`L, kh¨vkvqx gbly ¨! ag© wK? c‡ivcKviB cig ag|© GB `»y UKz z cvb
cÖKwUZ − cÖKvk| Kwiqv Avgvi cig DcKvi nBqv‡Q| †Zvgvi AvnwiZ `‡y » GB c‡ivcKvi
AwfcvÖ q − B”Qv| wm× nBj−AZGe Zwz g †mB cig a‡g©i djfvMx−Avwg PzwiB Kwi, Avi hvB
wPivMZ − c_Ö v (eûw`b a‡i hv Kwi, Avwg †Zvgvi ag©m‡qi gj~ xfZ‚ KviY| AZGe Avgv‡K cÖnvi bv
n‡q Avm‡Q)| Kwiqv, Avgvi cÖksmv Ki| Avwg †Zvgvi a‡gi© mnvq|
Aegvbbv − Acgvb|

evÃbxq − hv PvIqv hvq Ggb|

Kvcyi“l − fxZz ciy “l|

mKvZi wP‡Ë − KvZi g‡b|

lwô − jvwV|

avegvb nBjvg − †a‡q †Mjvg|

mM‡e© − An¼v‡ii m‡½|

cby iwc − Avevi|

kh¨vq − weQvbvq|

w`e¨KY© − A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvq
†kvbvi Kvb|

gbyl¨ − gvbly |

cÖ‡f` − cv_©K¨|

¶rz wccvmv − ¶zav I wccvmv|

kv¯v¿ bymv‡i − wbqg Abmy v‡i|

†V½vjvwV − j¤v^ jvwV|

AvBm − Av‡mv|

AbymÜv‡b − L‡yu R|

weÁ − Ávbx|

Mí 7

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

PZ®z ú` − Pvi †c‡q cÖvYx|
e¨ZxZ − Qvov|
AvnwiZ − msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q
Ggb|
g~jxfZ‚ − Avmj, †Mvovi|
cnÖ vi − gviv|
mnvq − mnKvix|

mvi-ms‡¶c
†jLK wb‡RB KgjvKvš—| nvjKv K_vq wb‡Ri g‡bi fve e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| weov‡ji m‡½ KgjvKv‡ši— †h K_v
evZ©v †mUv Zvui wbR¯^ wPš—v| weovj wbixn cÖvYx| my‡hvM †c‡jB `ya Pzwi K‡i Lvq| mgv‡R abx I `wi‡`iª †h
e¨eavb Zv †h gvby‡liB mw„ ó G K_vB †jLK KgjvKvš— †m‡R e‡j‡Qb| Zvui g‡Z `wi`ª Amnvq hviv, Zviv
A‡bK mgq eva¨ n‡q Ab¨vq K‡i| ZLb abxiv Zv‡`i Rb¨ kvw¯i— e¨e¯’v K‡i| †K‡bv Zviv Ab¨vq Ki‡jv
Zvi KviY KL‡bv †LvuRv nq bv| weovj‡K `wi`ª mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e `vou Kwi‡q‡Qb| KgjvKv‡ši— mg¯—
K_vevZv© n‡”Q iƒc‡Ki Avkª‡q|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ¸‡jv co–b I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kiœ DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h ckÖ œ¸‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

1. weovj‡K `ay †L‡Z †`‡L KgjvKv‡ši— Kx g‡b n‡jv ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
2. KgjvKvš— w`e¨K‡Y© weovj‡K Kx ej‡Z ïb‡jb Zvi weeiY wjLyb|
3. weovj hLb N‡i X‡z K Ô†gIÕ ej‡jv ZLb KgjvKvš— Kx KiwQ‡jb?
4. Ôag© Kx? c‡ivcKviB cig agÕ© - K_vUv †K Kv‡K KLb Ges †Kb e‡j‡Q?
bgybv cÖ‡kœvËi
Ôag© wK? c‡ivcKviB cig agÕ© - K_vUv †K Kv‡K KLb e‡j‡Q?
†jLK ew¼gP‡›`ªi ig¨ iPbv ÔweovjÕ-Gi g‡a¨ weovjB GB K_v e‡j‡Q KgjvKvš—‡K| w`e¨KY© Ly‡j hvIqvi
ci KgjvKvš— weov‡ji g‡bi K_v ïb‡Z †c‡jb| `ya Pwz i K‡i LvIqvi Rb¨ KgjvKvš— jvwV wb‡q weovj‡K
gvi‡Z Gj| †m fq bv †c‡q Ô†gIÕ A_v©r †Kb gvi‡eÕ ckÖ œ K‡i| Zvici †m A‡bK hwy ³ †Zv‡j Zvi AvPiY‡K
DwPZ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨| weov‡ji g‡Z gvbyl wbôiz Ges ¯^v_©ci| Zviv A‡b¨i `ytL K‡ói K_v fv‡e bv| †m
wk¶vI Zviv cvq bv| A_P c‡ivcKvi KivB †kôª ag©| G K_v gvb‡y li Rvbv Ges †m iKg AvPiY Kiv DwPZ|

cvV 2

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ weov‡ji g‡Zv Amnvq cvÖ Yxiv Zv‡`i Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Kx Kx hwy ³ †`Lvq Zvi eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ gvby‡li ¯^fv‡ei ˆewkó¨ m¤^‡Ü weovj Kx Kx e‡j‡Q Zvi mvi K_v¸‡jv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

weovj 8

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

kãv_© g~j cvV

wknwiqv − wkD‡i IVv| Ò†`L Avwg †Pvi e‡U, wKš‘ Avwg wK mva Kwiqv †Pvi nBqvwQ? LvB‡Z
c‡Ö qvRbvZxZ − c‡Ö qvR‡bi †P‡q cvB‡j †K †Pvi nq? †`L, hvnu viv eo eo mvay, †Pv‡ii bv‡g wknwiqv
†ewk| D‡Vb, Zvnviv A‡b‡K †Pvi A‡c¶vI AavwgK© | Zvunv‡`i Pwz i Kwievi
c‡Ö qvRb bvB ewjqvB Pwz i K‡ib bv| wKš‘ Zvnu v‡`i cÖ‡qvRbvZxZ ab
Kc… Y − †h ïay mÂq K‡i LiP K‡i _vwK‡ZI †Pv‡ii cwÖ Z †h gyL Zzwjqv Pv‡nb bv, Bnv‡ZB †Pv‡i Pzwi K‡i|
bv| Aag© †Pv‡ii b‡n−‡Pv‡i †h Pwz i K‡i, †m Aag© Kc… Y abxi| †Pvi †`vlx
e‡U, wKš‘ K…cY abx Z`‡c¶v kZ ¸‡Y †`vlx| †Pv‡ii `Ê nq; Pzwii gj~
Z`‡c¶v − Zvi ‡P‡q| †h K…cY, Zvnvi `Ê nq bv †Kb?
wk‡ivgwY − mgv‡Ri caÖ vb e¨w³| Ò†`L Avwg cÖvPx‡i cvÖ Px‡i †gI †gI Kwiqv †eovB, †Kn Avgv‡K gv‡Qi
b¨vqvj¼vi − b¨vqkv‡¯¿ cwÊZ| KvuUvLvbvI †dwjqv †`q bv| gv‡Qi KvUu v, cv‡Zi fvZ b`©gvq †dwjqv
gvb¨ − m¤§vb cvIqvi †hvM¨| †`q, R‡j †dwjqv †`q, Z_vwc Avgv‡K WvwKqv †`q bv| †Zvgv‡`i †cU
†fvR − LvIqv-`vIqv| fiv, Avgvi †c‡Ui ¶az v wK cÖKv‡i Rvwb‡e! nvq! `wi‡`ªi Rb¨ e¨w_Z
AvnŸvb − WvKv| nB‡j, †Zvgv‡`i wK wKQy A‡MŠie Av‡Q? Avgvi gZ `wi‡`ªi e¨_vq
`Ê − kvw¯|— e¨w_Z nIqv, j¾vi K_v m‡›`n bvB| †h KLb A܇K gwy ó-wf¶v †`q
cvÖ ½Y − gvV| bv, †mI GKUv eo ivRv, dvuc‡i cwo‡j iv‡Î Ngy vq bv−mK‡jB c‡ii
cÖvmv` − wekvj evwo| e¨_vq e¨w_Z nB‡Z ivwR| Z‡e †QvU‡jv‡Ki `ty ‡L KvZi! wQ! †K nB‡e?
hey Zx − †hŠebeZx †g‡q| Ò†`L hw` AgyK wk‡ivgwY, wK AgyK b¨vqvj¼vi Avwmqv †Zvgvi `ay UzKz
fvhv© − ¯x¿ , †eŠ| LvBqv hvB‡Zb, Z‡e Zwz g Zvunv‡K †V½v jBqv gvwi‡Z Avwm‡Z? eis

†Rvonv‡Z Kwiqv ewj‡Z, Avi GKUz wK Avwbqv w`e? Z‡e Avgvi †ejv
m‡nv`i − GKB D`‡i Rb¥ A_v©r jvwV †Kb? Zzwg ewj‡e, Zvnu viv AwZ cwÊZ, eo gvb¨ †jvK| cwÊZ ev
Avcb fvB|
gvb¨ ewjqv wK Avgvi A‡c¶v Zvnu v‡`i ¶zav †ekx? Zv Z bq−‡Zjv

mZi †Ljv − `vev †Ljv| gv_vq †Zj †`qv gbyl¨RvwZi †ivM−`wi‡`iª ¶zav †Kn ey‡S bv| †h

D`i − †cU| LvB‡Z ewj‡j wei³ nq, Zvnvi Rb¨ †fv‡Ri Av‡qvRb Ki−Avi †h
K…k − †ivMv| ¶az vi Rv¡ jvq webv AvnŸv‡bB †Zvgvi Abœ LvBqv †d‡j, †Pvi ewjqv Zvnvi
Aw¯’ − nvo| `Ê Ki−wQ!wQ!
cwi`k„ ¨gvb − †`Lv hvq Ggb| Ò†`L Avgvw`‡Mi `kv †`L, †`L cÖvPx‡i cÖvPx‡i, cÖv½‡Y cvÖ ½‡Y cvÖ mv‡`
jv½jy − †jR| cÖvmv‡`, †gI †gI Kwiqv Avgiv Pvwi, w`K& `„wó Kwi‡ZwQ−†Kn
webZ − bg|ª Avgvw`M‡K gv‡Qi KvUu vLvbv †dwjqv †`q bv| hw` †Kn †Zvgv‡`i
AweiZ − AbeiZ| †mvnv‡Mi weovj nB‡Z cvwij−Mn„ gvRvi© nBqv, e„‡×i wbKU hey Zx fvhv© i
Kò… Pg© − Kv‡jv Pvgov| m‡nv`i, ev gLy © abxi Kv‡Q mZi †LjIqv‡i ¯v’ bxq nBqv _vwK‡Z
ﮋ gyL − ïK‡bv gLy | cvwij−Z‡eB Zvnvi cywó Zvnvi †jR dz‡j, Mv‡q †jvg nq Ges Zvnv‡`i
iƒ‡ci QUv †`wLqv, A‡bK gvR©vi Kwe nBqv c‡o|

¶xY − `ey ©j| ÒAvi Avgvw`‡Mi `kv †`L−Avnvivfv‡e D`i Kk… , Aw¯’ cwi`k„ ¨gvb,
mKi“Y − AwZ `ty Lc~Y|© jv½yj webZ, `vuZ evwni nBqv‡Q−wRnŸv Swz jqv cwoqv‡Q−AweiZ

wb`q© − wbôiz , `qvnxb| Avnvivfv‡e WvwK‡ZwQ, Ò†gIÓ! †gI! LvB‡Z cvB bv! − Avgv‡`i Kv‡jv

KvcY© ¨ − K…cYZv| Pvgov †`wLqv N„Yv KwiI bv! G c„w_exi grm¨ gvs‡m Avgv‡`i wKQy

`~i`kx© − hvi fwel¨Z †`Lvi ¶gZv AwaKvi Av‡Q| LvB‡Z `vI− bwn‡j Pwz i Kwie| Avgv‡`i Kò… Pg,© ﮋ
Av‡Q| gLy , ¶xY mKi“Y †gI †gI ïwbqv †Zvgvw`‡Mi wK `ty L nq bv? †Pv‡ii
`Ê bvB †Kb? `wi‡`ªi Avnvi msMÖ‡ni `Ê Av‡Q, abxi Kvc©‡Y¨i `Ê bvB

Mí 9

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMvÖ g

ewÂZ − cZÖ vwiZ, †h V‡K‡Q Ggb| †Kb? Zzwg KgjvKvš,— `~i`kx©, †Kb bv Avwd½‡Lvi, ZzwgI wK †`wL‡Z
Avnvh© − Lvevi| cvI bv †h, abxi †`v‡lB `wi‡`ª †Pvi nq? cvuP kZ `wi`ª‡K ewÂZ
Kwiqv GKR‡b cvPu kZ †jv‡Ki Avnvh© msMÖn Kwi‡e †Kb? hw` Kwij,
Z‡e †m Zvnvi LvBqv hvnv evwnqv c‡o, Zvnv `wi`ª‡K w`‡e bv †Kb? hw`
bv †`q, Z‡e `wi`ª Aek¨ Zvnvi wbKU nB‡Z Pzwi Kwi‡e; †Kb bv,
Abvnv‡i gwiqv hvBevi Rb¨ G c„w_ex‡Z †Kn AvB‡m bvB|Ó

mvi-ms‡¶c
weovj Zvi Pwz i K‡i `ya LvIqvi KviY ej‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡`i mgvR e¨e¯’vi Awbq‡gi K_v e‡j‡Q| Zvi e¨vL¨vq
abx K…cY‡`i Rb¨B Mwieiv †Pvi nq| ZvB †Pv‡ii kvw¯— n‡j hviv †Pvi ‰Zwi K‡i, Zv‡`iI kvw¯— nIqv DwPZ
e‡j weovj g‡b cvÖ ‡Y wek¦vm K‡i| weovj Zvi AwfÁZv †_‡KB e‡j‡Q †h, gvbly Ô†Zjv gv_vq †Zj Xv‡jÕ-
GUv Zv‡`i me‡P‡q eo †`vl| hv‡`i LvIqvi †Kv‡bv c‡Ö qvRb †bB, Zv‡`i Rb¨ gvbyl †fv‡Ri Av‡qvRb K‡i|
Avi ïay †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ hv‡`i GKUz Lvevi c‡Ö qvRb, Zv‡`i‡K †KD †L‡Z †`q bv| †fv‡Ri Avm‡i †L‡ZI
Wv‡K bv| eis Lvevi †e‡u P †M‡j Zv †d‡j †`qv nq, Zey ¶az vZ©‡`i Rb¨ Zv ivLv nq bv| abx‡`i Ggb wb`q©
AvPi‡Yi Rb¨B `wi`ª Amnvqiv Pzwi K‡i| ZvB Pwz ii Rb¨ `wi`‡ª K kvw¯— †`qvi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB abxi|
abxiv `wi‡`ªi Kó †ev‡S bv| bv †L‡q _vK‡jI `wi‡`ªi †mevq †KD GwM‡q hvq bv| ZLb cvÖ Y evuPv‡bvi Rb¨
`wi`ªiv Pwz i K‡i| weovj ej‡Z Pvq †h, Kc… Y abxivB m„wó K‡i †Pvi| Zviv GKvB cvuP‡kv R‡bi m¤ú` †fvM
K‡i| GUvI mvgvwRK Ab¨vq| †Pv‡ii kvw¯— n‡j abx Kc… Y‡`iI kvw¯— nIqv DwPZ| KviY ZvivB ¶zavZ‡© K Pzwi
Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| cw„ _ex‡Z mevB evPu ‡Z Pvq e‡jB Pzwi K‡i †L‡q evuP‡Z nq †Pvi‡K|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ¸‡jv co–b I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h ckÖ ¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

1. Ô†Pv‡i †h Pzwi K‡i, †m Aag© Kc… Y abxiÕ - G K_v †K e‡j‡Q Ges †Kb e‡j‡Q, ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
2. weovj KgjvKvš—‡K Ô`i~ `kxÕ© †Kb e‡j‡Q, ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
3. weov‡ji g‡Z Ôgbyl¨RvwZiÕ Kx Kx †`vl, ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
4. `wi‡`iª Pwz i Kiv‡K weovj wVK KvR g‡b K‡i‡Q †Kb, ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
5. weov‡ji hwy ³¸‡jv Kx Avcwb mg_©b K‡ib? wb‡Ri e³e¨ ¸wQ‡q wjLyb|
1. Ô†Pv‡i Pwz i K‡i ....................... ms‡¶‡c wjLby |

DËi\ weovj KgjvKv‡š—i `ay Pwz i K‡i †L‡q‡Q| †mRb¨ KgjvKvš— Zv‡K jvwV w`‡q gvi‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| weovj
Zv‡Z fq bv †c‡q Ô†gIÕ e‡j Wv‡K| †hb ckÖ œ, †Kb gvi‡eb KgjvKvš—? Zvici weovj `wi`ª mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa
wn‡m‡e hyw³ †`Lvq, †Kb †m †Pvi n‡q‡Q| †Pvi `wi`|ª Zvi N‡i Lvevi _v‡K bv| wKš‘ †c‡U _v‡K wL‡`| abxi
N‡i cÖPzi Lvevi| †d‡j Qwo‡q abxiv Lvq| KL‡bv `wi`‡ª `i Rb¨ wKQy wewj‡q †`q bv| GB me abx Kc… Y‡`i
Rb¨ Amnvq `wi`ªiv wKQy †L‡Z cvq bv| eva¨ n‡q Rxeb evuPv‡bvi Rb¨ Zviv Pwz i K‡i Lvq| A_vr© abxiv
`wi`‡ª `i eva¨ K‡i †Pvi n‡Z| ZvB †Pv‡ii kvw¯— bv n‡q hviv †Pvi mw„ ó K‡i Zv‡`iB mvRv nIqv DwPZ| KviY
Zvu‡`i †`vl kZ¸Y †ewk|

weovj 10

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

3. weov‡ji g‡Z gbly ¨RvwZi .................... wjLyb|
DËi\ weovj `wi`ª gvbe mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa n‡q KgjvKv‡š—i Kv‡Q abx mgv‡Ri Ôgbly ¨RvwZiÕ PvwiwÎK
ˆewk‡ó¨i wKQy bgby v Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| †hgb :
K abxiv `wi‡`iª Rb¨ e¨w_Z nq bv| `wi‡`iª `ty L Kó Zviv †Kv‡bvw`b †ev‡S bv| Zv‡`i Rb¨ KvZi nq bv|
L. abx e¨w³iv abx‡`i LvIqv‡Z fvjev‡mb| hv‡`i N‡i cPÖ iz Lvevi Zv‡`iB †fvRmfvq Wv‡Kb|
M. abxiv ¶az vZ© `wi`‡ª `i‡K †fvRmfvq †Kv‡bvw`b Wv‡Kb bv| Aewkó Lvevi †d‡j †`b Zey Mwie‡`i †L‡Z

†`b bv|
N. abx e¨w³iv †fvMx| GKvB cvuP‡kv R‡bi m¤ú` mÂq K‡i| d‡j A‡bK‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z nq| †m Rb¨

Zv‡u `i †Kv‡bv Aciva †eva nq bv|
O. abx e¨w³i AwZwi³ m¤ú` `wi`‡ª `i evuPvi c_ eÜ K‡i †`q| ZLb eva¨ n‡q Zviv Pwz i K‡i| A_vr© Kc… Y

abx †Qv‡Uv e‡ovi e¨eavb mw„ ó K‡i mgv‡Ri k„•Ljv bó K‡i| ZvivB mw„ ó K‡i †Pvi|

cvV 3

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ abxi cwÖ Zwbwa wn‡m‡e KgjvKvš— weovj‡K Kx ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Zv ewy S‡q wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ `wi‡`ªi `„wó‡Z mgv‡Ri DbœwZ ej‡Z weovj Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Q Zvi msw¶ß eYb© v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

†mvwkqvwjwóK − Avwg Avi mn¨ Kwi‡Z bv cvwiqv ewjjvg, Ò_vg! _vg gvR©vicwʇZ! †Zvgvi
K_v¸wj fvwi †mvwkqvwjwóK&! mgvR wek„•Ljvi g~j! hw` hvnvi hZ ¶gZv, †m
mgvRZvwšK; GwU Bs‡iwR ZZ abmÂq Kwi‡Z bv cvq, A_ev mÂq Kwiqv †Pv‡ii R¡vjvq wbwe©‡Nœ †fvM
Kwi‡Z bv cvq, Z‡e †Kn Avi abm‡q hZœ Kwi‡e bv| Zvnv‡Z mgv‡Ri
kã| mgvRZš¿ ivR‰bwZK abew„ × nB‡e bv|Ó
gvRv© i ewjj, Òbv nBj Z Avgvi wK? mgv‡Ri abe„w×i A_© abxi abew„ ×| abxi
GKwU gZev`| abe„w× bv nB‡j `wi‡`iª wK ¶wZ?Ó
Avwg eySvBqv ewjjvg †h, ÒmvgvwRK abe„w× e¨ZxZ mgv‡Ri DbœwZ bvB|Ó
wbwe©‡Nœ − wbivc‡`| weovj ivM Kwiqv ewjj †h, ÒAvwg hw` LvB‡Z bv cvBjvg Z‡e mgv‡Ri Dbwœ Z
jBqv wK Kwie?Ó
ˆbqvwqK − whwb b¨vqkv‡¯¿ weovj‡K eySvb `vq nBj| †h wePviK ev ˆbqvwqK, Kw¯§bKv‡j †Kn Zvnv‡K
AwfÁ| wKQy eySvB‡Z cv‡i bv| G gvR©vi mywePviK, Ges myZvwK©KI e‡U, mZy ivs bv
eySvvi c‡¶ Bnvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| AZGe Bnvi Dci ivM bv Kwiqv ewjjvg
Kw¯§bKv‡j − †Kvb Kv‡j| Òmgv‡Ri DbœwZ‡Z `wi‡`iª c‡Ö qvRb bv _vwK‡j bv _vwK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ abx‡`i
myZvwKK© − Z‡K© cUz| we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb, AZGe †Pv‡ii `Êweavb KZ©e¨|
`Êweavb − kvw¯—i e¨e¯’v| gvRv©ix gnvkqv ewj‡jb, Ò†Pvi‡K dvwu m `vI, Zvnv‡ZI Avgvi AvcwË bvB, wKš‘
gvR©vix gnvkqv − ¯¿x Zvnvi m‡½ Avi GKwU wbqg Ki| †h wePviK †Pvi‡K mvRv w`‡eb, wZwb Av‡M
weovj‡K m‡¤^va‡bi Rb¨ wZb w`em Dcevm Kwi‡eb| Zvnv‡Z hw` Zvnu vi Pzwi Kwiqv LvB‡Z B”Qv bv
gnvkq Gi m‡½ Av-cÖZ¨q K‡i, Z‡e wZwb ¯^”Q‡›` †Pvi‡K dvuwm w`‡eb| Zzwg Avgv‡K gvwi‡Z jvwV
†hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZzwjqvwQ‡j, Zzwg A`¨ nB‡Z wZb w`em Dcevm Kwiqv †`L| Zzwg hw` BwZg‡a¨

Dcevm − bv †L‡q _vKv|
bmxivg evey − †Kvb
GKR‡bi bvg|

weÁ − Ávbx|
civ¯— − civwRZ|
c_Ö vbymv‡i − wbqg

Mí 11

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

Abymv‡i| bmxivg eveyi fvÊviN‡i aiv bv co, Z‡e Avgv‡K †V½vBqv gvwiI, Avwg AvcwË
ag©vPi‡Y − a‡gi© AvPvi Kwie bv|Ó
AvPi‡Y| weÁ †jv‡Ki gZ GB †h, hLb wePv‡i civ¯— nB‡e, ZLb M¤x¢ ifv‡e Dc‡`k
cvVv‡_© − covi Rb¨| cÖ`vb Kwi‡e| Avwg †mB c_Ö vbmy v‡i gvRv©i‡K ewjjvg †h, ÒG mKj AwZ
wbDgvb − weL¨vZ †jLK| bxwZwei“× K_v, Bnvi Av‡›`vj‡bI cvc Av‡Q| Zzwg G mKj `wy ðš—v cwiZ¨vM
Amxg − hvi mxgv †bB| Kwiqv agv© Pi‡Y gb `vI| Zzwg hw` Pvn, Z‡e cvVv‡_© †Zvgv‡K Avwg wbDgvb I
gwngv − ¸Y| cvKv© ‡ii MšÖ ’ w`‡Z cvwi| Avi KgjvKv‡ši— `ßi cwo‡jI wKQy DcKvi nB‡Z
G¶‡Y − GLb| cv‡i−Avi wKQy nDK ev bv nDK, Avwd‡½i Amxg gwngv eywS‡Z cvwi‡e|
¯¯^ ’v‡b − wb‡Ri RvqMvq| G¶‡Y ¯^¯v’ ‡b Mgb Ki, cmÖ bœ Kvj wKQz Qvbv w`‡e ewjqv‡Q, Rj‡hv‡Mi mgq
Rj‡hvM − nvjKv Lvevi ev AvwmI Df‡q fvM Kwiqv LvBe| A`¨ Avi KvnviI nvuwo LvBI bv; eis ¶az vq
bvkZv| hw` wbZvš— Aaxi nI, Z‡e cby ev© i AvwmI, GK mwilv‡fvi Avwd½ w`e|Ó
Aaxi − A‰ah©| gvRv© i ewjj, ÒAvwd‡½i we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb bvB, Z‡e nvwu o LvIqvi K_v,
cybe©vi− Avevi| ¶zavbmy v‡i we‡ePbv Kiv hvB‡e|Ó
mwilv †fvi − m‡l© `vbvi gvRv© i we`vq nBj| GKwU cwZZ AvÍv‡K AÜKvi nB‡Z Av‡jv‡K AvwbqvwQ,
mgvb| fvweqv KgjvKv‡š—i eo Avb›` nBj|
¶zavbmy v‡i − †Kgb wL‡`
jv‡M Zv we‡ePbv K‡i|
cwZZ AvvÍ − `y`©kvq c‡o‡Q
Ggb AvÍv| GLv‡b K_vUv
weovj‡K ejv n‡q‡Q|

mvi−ms‡¶c
weov‡ji g‡Zv GK bMY¨ cvÖ Yxi K_v ïb‡Z ïb‡Z KgjvKvš— A‰ah© n‡jb| KviY weovj mgvRZvwšK
gZev‡`i K_v ej‡Q| †h gZev‡` abx Ges wbab© mgvb| KgjvKv‡ši— hwy ³ n‡jv abx hw` ab mÂq bv K‡i
Zvn‡j mgv‡Ri Dbwœ Z n‡e bv| Avi weovj g‡b K‡i wba©b hw` †L‡ZB bv cvq Zvn‡j mgv‡Ri DbœwZ‡Z Zvi
jvf Kx? weovj e‡j‡Q †h, †Pvi‡K kvw¯— †`qvi Av‡M GKUv wbqg Kiv c‡Ö qvRb| †mUv n‡jv, wePviK‡K wZb
w`b bv †L‡q _vK‡Z n‡e| ZLb hw` wePvi‡Ki Pwz i K‡i †L‡Z B‡”Q bv K‡i, Z‡eB wZwb kvw¯— w`‡Z cvi‡eb
†Pvi‡K| KgjvKvš— weov‡ji m‡½ Z‡K© bv †c‡i Dc‡`k w`‡Z PvB‡jb| weovj‡K ag©K‡g© gb w`‡Z ej‡jb|
Ávb e„w×i Rb¨ wKQy eBI w`‡Z PvB‡jb covi Rb¨| Ae‡k‡l Lvev‡ii fvM w`‡eb e‡j ZvwK©K weovj‡K P‡j
†h‡Z ej‡jb| Lye wL‡` †c‡j m‡l© cwigvY Avwdg w`‡ZI PvB‡jb| Av‡cv‡mi K_v ï‡b GKUz Lywk n‡q we`vq
wb‡jv weovj| KgjvKvš— weovj‡K Ávb w`‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †f‡e Avbw›`Z n‡jb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ¸‡jv cob– I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

cÖkœ : KgjvKvš— Ô†mvwkqvwjwóKÕ ................. wjLyb|

weovj 12

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

DËi\ ÔweovjÕ cÖe‡Ü KgjvKvš— abx mgv‡Ri cwÖ Zwbwa| Zvui g‡Z abxiv ab mÂq Ki‡eb Ges wbivc‡` Zv
†fvM Ki‡eb| hw` Zv bv nq Zvn‡j nq‡Zv †KD ab mÂq Ki‡eb bv| A_P ab Qvov mgv‡Ri DbœwZ
†Kv‡bw`bB m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ Ô†mvwkqvwjwóKÕ ev mgvRZvwšK wPšv— avivq ab m‡qi †Kv‡bv wbqg †bB| G
gZev‡` †`‡ki abx wba©b mK‡jB mgvb| Zv‡ZB eis mgv‡Ri wek•„ Ljv evo‡e| Mwi‡eiv ZLb Abvqv‡m abxi
A_© †fv‡Mi Rb¨ `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡e| KgjvKv‡ši— wek¦vm, mgvRZ‡ši G bxwZ abx m¤ú`Ö v‡qi Rb¨ ïf n‡e
bv| Avi wVK G Kvi‡YB A_vr© `wi‡`ªi Rb¨ ab m‡qi †PóvB ev` w`‡eb abxiv|

Ô†Pvi‡K dvwu m `vI .................. wjLyb|
DËi\ weovjÕ cÖe‡Ü `ya Pzwi K‡i LvIqvi Rb¨ KgjvKvš— weovj‡K kvw¯— w`‡Z PvB‡j †m K_v¸‡jv e‡j|
weovj †Kb Pzwi K‡i †L‡q‡Q Zvi eû KviY †`wL‡q‡Q| Ae‡k‡l †m GKUv wbq‡gi c¯Ö —ve †`q KgjvKvš‡— K|
Zvi g‡Z †Pvi‡K kvw¯— w`‡Z PvB‡j wePvi‡Ki DwPZ n‡e †Pv‡ii mwZ¨Kvi Ae¯v’ †evSvi Rb¨ wZbw`b bv †L‡q
_vKv| Zvn‡j wL‡`i R¡vjvq †h Kx Kó nq Zv wePviK eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| ZLb hw` wePvi‡Ki Pwz i K‡i †L‡Z
B‡”Q bv nq Zvn‡j weovj gv_v †c‡Z kvw¯— wb‡e| weov‡ji ZK© Ges wbq‡gi K_vUv fvwe‡q Zjz ‡jv KgjvKvš—
‡K|

Po‚ vš— g~j¨vqb

wb‡Pi iPbvg~jK cÖkœ¸‡jv cob– I m¤¢ve¨-DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kiœ DËi wj‡L †`qv
n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h me c‡Ö kiœ DËi wj‡L †`qv nqwb, †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R
wjLyb|

1. ÔweovjÕ ceÖ ‡Ü nvjKv K_vevZ©vq M‡íi Q‡j †jLK Kx ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLby |
2. ÔÔG msmv‡ii ¶xi, mi, `»y , `wa, grm¨, gvsm, mKjB †Zvgiv LvB‡e, Avgiv wKQz cvBe bv †KbÕÕ? GK_v

†K e‡j‡Q Ges Kv‡K e‡j‡Q, ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
3. cÖm½ D‡jL− K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b :

K) †Zjv gv_vq †Zj †`qv gbly ¨RvwZi †ivMÕ
L) Ôabxi †`v‡lB `wi‡`ª †Pvi nqÕ
M) ÔmKj `wy ðšv— cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv agv© Pi‡Y gb `vIÕ
N) Ômgv‡Ri DbœwZ‡Z `wi‡`iª cÖ‡qvRb bv _vwK‡jI bv _vwK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ abx‡`i we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb,
AZGe †Pv‡ii `Êweavb KZ©e¨|

4. UxKv wjLyb|
†b‡cvwjqb, IqvUvjy©, †mvwkqvwjwóK, wk‡ivgwb, gvRv© ix gnvkqv|

weovj ceÖ ‡Ü nvjKv ......................... fvlvq wjLyb
DËi : mvwnZ¨ mgªvU ew¼gP‡›`iª ig¨ iPbv MšÖ ’ ÔKgjvKv‡š—i `ßiÕ †_‡K ÔweovjÕ cÖeÜwU msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvcvZ`w„ ó‡Z KgjvKv‡š—i m‡½ weov‡ji K_vevZv©q wKQz Zvgvmvi †LvivK Av‡Q| we‡kl K‡i `ay ‡Pvi weovj
hLb cwʇZi g‡Zv K_v e‡j, ZK© K‡i Ges gvbe Pwi‡Îi †`vl¸‡Yi K_v ej‡Z _v‡K ZLb cvV‡Ki nvwm
†c‡Z cv‡i| weov‡ji hwy ³c~Y© K_v ï‡b Zvgvmv g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Avm‡j Zv bq| Zvgvmvi Q‡j †jLK
Mfxi `k‡© bi K_v¸‡jvB †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e e‡j‡Qb| GUvB ig¨ iPbvi cÖavb ˆewkó¨|

Mí 13

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MÖvg

ÔweovjÕ cÖe‡Ü gvÎ `wy U PwiÎ| KgjvKvš— I weovj| KgjvKvš— abx mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa| Avi `wi`ª Amnvq
mgv‡Ri cwÖ Zwbwa n‡jv weovj| mgv‡R abx I `wi‡`iª g‡a¨ †h e¨eavb Av‡Q, `Ry ‡bi K_vevZv© q mgv‡Ri †mB
ev¯—e wPÎB cKÖ vk †c‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R abx‡`i A‡bK Av‡Q| Zviv cvuP‡kv R‡bi m¤ú` GKvB msMÖn
K‡ib Ges Qwo‡q wQwU‡q †fvM K‡ib Zv| Avi Zv‡u `iB Av‡k cv‡k †h `wi`ª RbmvaviY _v‡K Zv‡`i `ty L
K‡ói K_v abxiv fv‡eb bv| †`Lv hvq †fvRmfvq †h Lvevi †e‡u P hvq, Zv †d‡j †`qv nq| Zey `wi`ª‡`i g‡a¨
wewj‡q †`qv nq bv| GQvovI hv‡`i N‡i Lvev‡ii Afve †bB, abxiv Zv‡`iB Wv‡Kb †fvRmfvq| `wi`ª i“Mœ
Abvnv‡i `yej© e¨w³‡`i †L‡Z Wv‡Kb bv †Kv‡bv abx| d‡j ¶az vi Rv¡ jv mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i `wi`ª e¨w³ abxi
N‡i Pwz i chš© — K‡i| ZLb Zv‡K mevB e‡j †Pvi| wKš‘ †Kb †h †m Pwz i Ki‡jv, †Kb †Pvi n‡jv, †m KviY †KD
LyRu ‡Z hvb bv| †Pvi‡K `Ê †`qvi e¨e¯v’ K‡ib| weov‡ji mLy w`‡q †jLK mgvR Rxe‡bi G mZ¨ K_v¸‡jv
ewj‡q‡Qb|
weovj KgjvKvš‡— K Av‡iv e‡j †h, abxivB mgv‡R †Pvi m„wó K‡i‡Qb| mgvRZvwšK e¨e¯v’ i g‡Zv †`‡ki ab
m¤ú‡` abx I Mwi‡ei hw` mgvb AwaKvi _vK‡Zv, Zvn‡j mgv‡R wek„•Ljv nZ bv| wKš‘ KgjvKv‡ši— g‡Z,
abxiv m¤ú` msMÖn K‡i e‡jB mgv‡Ri Dbwœ Z nq| weovj G K_v gvb‡Z Pvq bv| Zvi g‡Z, Mwieiv hw` †L‡Z
ci‡Z bv cvq, Zvn‡j mgv‡Ri DbœwZ n‡jB Kx Avi bv n‡jB Kx| cw„ _exi mg¯— `wi`ª Rb mvavi‡Yi c¶ †_‡K
weovj hLb G K_v¸‡jv e‡j ZLb cvVK‡`iI fvwe‡q †Zv‡j Zv| weovj AviI e‡j †h ¶xi mi `ya `B gvQ
gvsm ïay wK abxivB Lv‡eb? Mwieiv †L‡Z cv‡e bv †Kb? ZLb g‡b nq, †Kv‡bv Mwie ¶zavZ© Amnvq †jvK
mvn‡mi m‡½ cÖkœ¸‡jv Ki‡Q abx m¤ú`Ö v‡qi Kv‡Q|
weovj hLb cwÖ Zev` K‡i e‡j, `ya Pzwi K‡i †L‡qwQ e‡j `Ê w`‡e †Kb? wePviK‡K wZbw`b bv †L‡q wL‡`i
R¡vjv Abfy e Ki‡Z e‡j †m| Zvi g‡Z Mwi‡ei `ytL bv e‡y S wePvi Ki‡j Zv b¨vh¨ wePvi nq bv| mgv‡Ri Mwie
m¤úÖ`vq Ggb K‡iB e‡j _v‡K| cKÖ Z… c‡¶ Mwi‡ei cwÖ Zev` I hwy ³i Kv‡Q abxiv hLb †n‡i hvb ZLb Zviu v
bvbv iKg bxwZK_v Ges ag©K_vi Dc‡`k †`b| KgjvKvš—I ZvB K‡i‡Qb| Z‡K© †n‡i wM‡q weovj‡K wZwb
agK© ‡g© gb w`‡Z e‡jb| bxwZ wbqg †g‡b Pj‡Z e‡jb|
Z‡e KgjvKvš— Ávbx| mgv‡R ˆelg¨ m„wói KviY wZwb †ev‡Sb| ZvB Ae‡k‡l weov‡ji m‡½ Av‡cv‡mi K_v
e‡jb| Qvbv fvM K‡i LvIqvi Avk¦vm †`b weovj‡K| Avwd‡gi g‡Zv `vgx †bkvi wRwbmI GKUz w`‡Z Pvb|
mZ¨ wg‡_¨ hvB †nvK, Avk¦vm †c‡q weovj P‡j hvq| G‡Z KgjvKvš— Lywk nb| wKQy cvIqvi Avkv wb‡q Mwieiv
we`vq n‡j abxiv †hgb Lwy k nq- wVK †Zgwb|
weovj cÖe‡Ü Avgiv GKw`‡K †jL‡Ki mgvR m‡PZbZvi cwiPq cvB, Ab¨w`‡K cvB †jL‡Ki AmvaviY
im‡ev‡ai cwiPq| AwZ mvaviY NUbvi iƒc‡K wZwb mgv‡Ri KwVb mZ¨¸‡jv D”PviY K‡i‡Qb|

cmÖ ½ D‡jL− K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b

†h e¨vL¨v¸‡jv wj‡L †`qv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | evwK¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

Ô†Zjv gv_vq ------------- †ivMÕ|
ew¼gP‡›`ªi ÔweovjÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K evK¨wU †bqv n‡q‡Q| `ya Pzwi K‡i LvIqv wb‡q KgjvKvš— I weov‡ji g‡a¨ †h
K_vevZ©v nq ZviB GK chv© ‡q weovj Dw³wU D”PviY K‡i|
G ig¨ iPbvq weovj `wi`ª mgv‡Ri cwÖ Zwbwa n‡q abx mgv‡Ri cwÖ Zwbwa KgjvKvš—‡K wKQy AwcqÖ mZ¨ K_v
ïwb‡q‡Q| weov‡ji hyw³ n‡jv, Zvi wL‡` †c‡qwQj, †KD Zv‡K †W‡K †L‡Z †`q bv Ges w`‡eI bv| ZvB †m
wL‡`i Rv¡ jv mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Pwz i K‡i‡Q| Zvi wePv‡i GUv †`vl bq| eis abxiv †h cÖPzi m¤ú` msMnÖ K‡i
iv‡L, KL‡bv h‡_ó AcPqI K‡i, hvi d‡j Mwieiv †L‡Z cvq bv, †mUvB abx‡`i Aciva| abxiv †Kvbw`b

weovj 14

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

`wi`ª Ges ¶az vZ‡© `i `ty L Kó †ev‡S bv| Zv‡`i m¤§vb Kiv †Zv `~‡ii K_v| A_P abxi N‡i †Kv‡bv Ávbx-¸Yx
wKsev abx †jvK †L‡Z Avm‡j Zvu‡`i Av`‡ii Aš— _v‡K bv| KgjvKv‡ši— `yaUzKz hw` Iu‡`i †KD †L‡Zb
Zvn‡j wZwb LywkB n‡Zb| AviI GKUz w`‡Z PvB‡Zb| A_P ¶az vZ© Amnvq weovj `yaUKz z †L‡q‡Q e‡j Zv‡K
jvwV wb‡q gvi‡Z wM‡q‡Qb KgjvKvš|— gvb‡y li Ggb AvPiY †`‡LB weov‡ji g‡b n‡q‡Q, †Zjv gv_vq †Zj
†`qvB gvby‡li ¯f^ ve| K_vUv KwVb n‡jI mZ¨|

Ômgv‡Ri Dbwœ Z‡Z `wi‡`ªi .............. `Êweavb KZe© ¨|Õ
ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ ÔweovjÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K jvBb¸‡jv msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU KgjvKv‡š—i Dw³|
KgjvKvš— mgvRZvwšK e¨e¯’vq wek¦vm K‡ib bv| Zviu g‡Z, abxiv ab mÂq K‡i e‡jB mgv‡Ri Dbwœ Z nq|
¯‹zj K‡jR, Kj-KviLvbv cwÖ ZwôZ nq| weov‡ji gZ nj, mgv‡Ri DbœwZ gv‡bB abxi abe„w×| Ggb mvgvwRK
Dbwœ Z‡Z Mwi‡ei Ae¯v’ i †Kv‡bv cwieZb© nq bv| weov‡ji `p„ wek¦vm, Mwieiv hw` †L‡Z bv cvq, hw` Zv‡`i
`ty L Kó bv K‡g, Zvn‡j mgv‡Ri Dbwœ Z nIqv bv nIqvq Mwi‡ei wKQy hvq Av‡m bv| w¶‡` †c‡j evuPvi Rb¨
Pzwi K‡iB †L‡Z n‡e Zv‡`i| weKí †bB| KgjvKvš— weov‡ji Ggb hyw³ wKQy‡ZB ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Pvb bv| Zviu
wePvi g‡Z Mwi‡ei Kx n‡jv bv n‡jv †m K_v fvevi †P‡q mgv‡Ri Dbwœ Zi K_v fvevB †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| Avi †m
Kvi‡YB mgv‡R wbqg k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv Lye Ri“ix| kvw¯i— I weavb _vK‡Z n‡e †Pv‡ii Rb¨| Kx Kvi‡Y †Pvi
Pwz i K‡i †m K_v bv fve‡j Pj‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ †Pv‡ii `‡Êi K_v mgvR‡K fve‡ZB n‡e| KgjvK‡ši— K_vq
GLv‡b abx Ges `wi‡`ªi gb gvbwmKZvi ¯úó cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
4. UxKv wjLyb
DËi : cvV 1, 2 I 3 Gi kãv_© I UxKv As‡k †`Lyb|

fvlv-welqK cÖkœ

cwVZ iPbvwUi wKQy fvlv-welqK cÖkœ †`qv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy
c‡Ö kiœ DËi wj‡L †`qv n‡q‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvjfv‡e cob– | †h¸‡jv †`qv nqwb- †m¸‡jv wb‡R
wb‡R Ki“b|

1. `kwU †hŠwMK kã we‡kl− Y Ki“b|
2. `kwU mvayixwZi †hŠwMK wµqv‡K PwjZ fvlvq †hŠwMK wµqvq iƒcvši— Ki“b|
3. cvV †_‡K mvayixwZi `kwU meb© vg c` (GKePb I eûeP‡bi) †ei K‡i wjLby |
4. kZe© vPK Ae¨q e¨envi K‡i cvV †_‡K cvPu wU †hŠwMK evK¨ †e‡Q wb‡q wjLyb (c‡Ö qvR‡b evK¨ ms‡¶c

Ki‡Z cv‡ib)|
5. G cv‡V Kx Kx weivg wPý e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q, bvg D‡j−L K‡i Zvi cvPu wU bgby v w`b|
6. ev‡K¨ wfbœ wfbœ A‡_© GK c‡`i e¨envi Ki“b : †hgb- gb, n¯—, fMœ, `Ê, BZ¨vw`|
7. `kwU we‡kl¨c`‡K we‡kl‡Y iƒcvšw— iZ Ki“b : †hgb- gb, Ávb, KviY, cnÖ vi, ag,© ckÖ smv, wk¶v, myL,

Avnvi, mgvR|

bgby v cÖ‡kvœ Ëi 15
1. `kwU †hŠwMK k‡ãi we‡k−lY :



GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

Avnvivfv‡e : Avnvi+Afve+G
wb`©qZvq : wbi+`qv+Zv+q
mgvRwek„•Ljvi : mgvR+we+k„•Ljv+i
wbwe‡© Nœ : wbi+weN+œ G
gbyl¨RvwZi : gbly ¨+RvwZ+i

[ evwK cvPu wU kã †e‡Q wb‡q we‡k−lY Ki“b]

2. `kwU mvayixwZi †hŠwMK wµqvi PwjZ iƒcvš—i :

Szwjqv cwoqv‡Q S‡z j c‡o‡Q

†V½vBqv gvwiI †Vw½‡q †g‡iv

LvBqv †d‡j †L‡q †d‡j

nB‡Z cvwij n‡Z cvi‡jv

Kwiqv ewjjvg K‡i ejjvg

3. kZe© vPK Ae¨q e¨envi K‡i cvuPwU †hŠwMK evK¨ :

K. hw` †Kn †mvnv‡Mi weovj nB‡Z cvwij Z‡eB Zvnvi cwy ó|
L. Zwz g hw` Pvn, Z‡e cvVv‡_© MšÖ ’ w`‡Z cvwi|
M. hLb wePv‡i civ¯— nB‡e, ZLb Dc‡`k c`Ö vb Kwi‡e|
N. †Pvi †`vlx e‡U, wKš‘ K…cYI kZ¸‡Y †`vlx|
O. hvnvi hZ ¶gZv, †m ZZ abmÂq Kwi‡Z cv‡i|

4. ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ weivg wPý :

K. Kgv − Aw¯’ cwi`k„ ¨gvb, jv½yj, webZ, `vZu evwni nBqv‡Q|
L. cÖkœ‡evaK wPý − K…c‡Yi `Ê nq bv †Kb?
M. D×w… Z wPý − Ô†gIÕ weovj WvwKj|
N. AevK/Av‡eM wPý − †QvU †jv‡Ki `ty ‡L KvZi! wQ!
O. W¨vk − Avgvw`‡Mi `kv †`‡Lv − Avnvivfv‡e D`i Kk… |
P. †mwg‡Kvjb − †Pv‡ii `Ê nq; Pwz ii gj~ †h K…cY, Zvnvi `Ê nq bv †Kb?

cvV †_‡K GKwU Ab‡y ”Q` †e‡Q wb‡q cob– Ges Zvi weivg wPý¸‡jv †`Lby | Zvici weivg wPý e¨envi K‡i
evK¨ iPbv Ki“b|

7. ev‡K¨ wfbœ wfbœ A‡_© GK c‡`i e¨envi :
K. gb : eÜz Kvj we‡`k hv‡e ZvB Avgvi gb Lvivc (gb)
Avgvi m‡y L Zvi gb Lvivc nq (wnsmv)
covq Zvi gb †bB (g‡bv‡hvM)
L. `Ê : †Zvgvi nv‡Z ev‡u ki `Ê †Kb (jvwV)
`ay Pwz ii Rb¨ weovj‡K `Ê w`‡Z PvB (kvw¯—)

weovj 16

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

Avi GK `Ê †`wi Ki‡Z cviebv (mgq)
[evwK `wy U kã ev‡K¨ e¨envi Ki“b]

8. we‡kl¨ c`‡K we‡kl‡Y iƒcvš—wiZ Ki“b|

we‡kl¨ we‡klY we‡kl¨ we‡klY

gb gvbwmK cÖksmv cÖkswmZ
wk¶v wkw¶Z
Ávb Ávbx mLy myLx
Avnvi Avnvh©
KviY KviwYK mgvR mvgvwRK

cÖnvi cÖüZ

ag© avwg©K

mR„ bkxj KvR
1. †Zjv gv_vq †Zj †`qv; †Kn g‡i wej †Qu‡P, †Kn Lvq KB BZ¨vw` cÖev` evK¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z wkLyb|

Avcbvi Rvbv cvuPwU ceÖ v` wjLyb|

AviI hv co‡Z cv‡ib−
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iwPZ ÔKgjvKv‡ši— `ßiÕ MšÖ ’wU cob– | m¤¢e n‡j †jL‡Ki KcvjKÊz jv, Kò… Kv‡ši— DBj,
wele¶„ cÖfw… Z Dcb¨vmI cob– |

Mí 17

Kvievjvi ci

gxi †gvkviid †nv‡mb

†jLK cwiwPwZ

Kzwóqv †Rjvi (ZrKvjxb b`xqv) †MŠix b`xi Zx‡i jvwnbxcvov MvÖ ‡g GK ˆmq` cwiev‡i 1847 wL÷ª v‡ã gxi
gkviid †nv‡mb Rb¥MnÖ b K‡ib| QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wZwb mvwnZ¨ PPv© ïi“ K‡ib| Zviu Av‡M evsjv M`¨ mvwnZ¨
PP©vq D‡jL− ‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv gymjgvb mvwnwZ¨‡Ki bvg cvIqv hvq bv| gxi gkviid wQ‡jb ew¼gP‡›`iª
mgmvgwqK| Rwg`vi KvPvixi g¨v‡bRvi wn‡m‡e wZwb KwjKvZv, Uv½vB‡ji †`j`qy vi, dwi`c‡y ii c`g`x Ges
Zvui Rb¥fw‚ g Kzwóqv‡ZB Rxe‡bi AwaKvsk mgq KvUvb| †jL‡Ki cwÖ Zfv wQ‡jv eûgLy x| KweZv, Dcb¨vm,
cÖeÜ, imiPbv, bvUK I cÖnmb wgwj‡q cvÖ q 35wU MÖš’ wZwb iPbv K‡ib| mvwnZ¨ iPbvi cwÖ Z Zvui wQ‡jv cÖej
AvKlY© | evsjv mvwnZ¨ PPv© i cÖwZ gymwjg mgvR‡K c_ †`wL‡q‡Qb wZwb| G Rb¨I Zvui bvg Agi n‡q _vK‡e|
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb gj~ Z mvaiy xwZi M‡`¨ wjL‡Zb| Zviu fvlv M‡o wb‡Zb| d‡j Zviu iPbvq †hgb cÖPiz
Zrmg k‡ãi e¨envi Av‡Q †Zgwb Av‡Q AvÂwjK k‡ãiI cPÖ zi c‡Ö qvM| †jL‡Ki cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ÔiZœeZxÕ,
cKÖ vk Kvj 1869 wLª÷vã| Zvui †kôª Dcb¨vm Ôwelv`wmÜzÕ| wZb c‡e© 1885, 1887 Ges 1891 wL÷ª v‡ã
cKÖ vwkZ nq|

gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi weL¨vZ K‡qKwU M‡Ö ši’ bvg :

Dcb¨vm : D`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_v (1890), MvRx wgqviu e¯—vbx (1891)|
bvUK : emš—Kzgvix (1873), Rwg`vi `c©Y (1873)
Kve¨ : m½xZ jnix (1887)
AvÍPwiZ : Avgvi Rxebx (1908)|
1912 wL÷ª v‡ã gxi gkviid †nv‡mb Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|

fw‚ gKv

ÔKvievjvi ciÕ M`¨vskUKz z Ôwelv`wmÜzÕ MÖš’ †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| G As‡k Av‡Q, Kvievjvi hy‡× civwRZ nIqvi
ci GwR‡`i wb‡`‡© k mxgvi Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi gv_v †K‡U ekvq© we× K‡i `v‡g‡¯‹ wb‡q hv‡”Qb Zvi Ki“Y weeiY|
GK j¶ UvKv cyi¯‹v‡ii †jv‡f mxgvi †h cvkweK KvR K‡i‡Q, †m Rb¨ wek¦evmxi N…Yvi cvÎ n‡q‡Q †m| G
M`¨vs‡ki g‡a¨B Av‡Q Mn„ ¯’ AvR‡ii g‡Zv gnvb e¨w³i eYb© v| †nv‡m‡bi cweÎ gv_vi cwÖ Z m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z wM‡q
G‡K G‡K wZb c‡y Îi gv_v †K‡U mxgv‡ii nv‡Z w`‡qI †kl i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb wZwb| Ae‡k‡l mxgv‡ii
ek©vi AvNv‡Z AvRi wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| Gw`‡K AvR‡ii Zzjbvnxb AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvwnbx eY©bvq †jLK AmvaviY
`¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Ôwelv` wmÜzÕ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Agi Ges RbwcÖq MÖš’ wn‡m‡e AvRI weL¨vZ|

BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

1. AvaywbK hy‡Mi c_Ö g mv_©K gmy wjg M`¨‡jL‡Ki iPbvi m‡½ cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡eb|
2. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi AmvaviY RbwcÖq MÖš’ Ôwelv` wmÜzÕ m¤ú‡K© AvswkK aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|
3. †jL‡Ki fvlvixwZ, kã I Aj¼vi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvV 1

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ mxgv‡ii cvlvY-ü`q Pwi‡Îi eY©bv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ A_©‡jvf gvbly ‡K K‡Zv Agvbly K‡i Zjz ‡Z cv‡i, Zvi eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

gj~ cvVwU bxi‡e I mi‡e K‡qKevi co–b Ges eSy evi †Póv Ki“b| evgw`‡K KwVb k‡ãi
A_© †`qv Av‡Q| †m¸‡jv †R‡b wbb| GKBfv‡e Ab¨ cvV¸‡jvI co–b|

kãv_© g~jcvV

·¯— − †e‡M| †i cw_K! †i cvlvYü`q cw_K! wK †jv‡f GZ ·¯— †`Šwu o‡Z‡Q? wK Avkvq
†gvwnZ − gy»| LwÊZ wki ekv© i AMÖfv‡M we× Kwiqv jBqv hvB‡ZQ? G wk‡i nvq! G LwÊZ
†`Šwo‡ZQ − †`Šov‡”Qv| wk‡i †Zvgvi cÖ‡qvRb wK ? mxgvi! G wk‡i †Zvgvi Avek¨K wK? †nv‡mb
¯^v_© − wb‡Ri jvf| †Zvgvi wK KwiqvwQj? Zwz g Z Avi Rqbv‡ei iƒ‡c †gvwnZ nBqvwQ‡j bv?
Rqbve Ggvg nvmv‡bi ¯x¿ | †nv‡m‡bi wki †Zvgvi ekv© ‡MÖ †Kb? ZzwgB ev †m
wki jBqv EaŸ©k¦v‡m GZ †e‡M †`Šwu o‡ZQ †Kb? hvB‡ZQB ev †Kv_v? GKUz
cvZKx − cvcx| `vuovI| Avgvi c‡Ö kiœ DËi w`qv hvI| Kvi mva¨ †Zvgvi Mg‡b evav †`q? Kvi
webvk − aŸsm| ¶gZv †Zvgv‡K wKQy e‡j? GKUz `vuovI| G wk‡i †Zvgvi ¯v^ _© wK? LwÊZ wk‡i
Kjn − SMov| cÖ‡qvRb wK? A_© ? nvq †i A_©! nvq †i cvZKx A_©| ZzB RM‡Zi mKj
‰eixfve − kµfve| Ab‡_i© gj~ | Rx‡ei Rxe‡bi aŸsm, m¤úwËi webvk, wcZv-cy‡Î kµZv, ¯v^ gx-
wemR©b − Z¨vM| ¯x¿ ‡Z g‡bvgvwjb¨, åvZv-fwMœ‡Z Kjn, ivRv-cRÖ vq ˆeixfve, eÜ-z ev܇e
AKvZ‡i − KvZi bq Ggb| we‡”Q`, weev`, wemsev`, Kjn, wein, wemRb© webvk- G mKjB †Zvgvi Rb¨|
AMva − A‰_, AwZ Mfxi| mKj Ab‡_©i g~j I KviYB Zwz g| †Zvgvi wK †gvwnbx kw³! wK gaygvLv
Knz K − gvqv, welmshy³ †cÖg, ivRv-cÖRv, abx-wba©b, hyeK-e„× mK‡jB †Zvgvi Rb¨ e¨¯-—
mgvMZ − cvÖ q AvMZ| gnve¨¯— cÖvY IôvMZ! †ZvgviB Rb¨ †KejgvÎ †ZvgviB Kvi‡Y- KZR‡b Zxi,
Awekªvš— − AKv¬ š—, AbeiZ| Zievwi, e›`Ky , ekv© , †Mvjv¸wj AKvZ‡i e¶ cvwZqv e‡y K awi‡Z‡Q| †ZvgviB
w`bgwb − m~h©| Rb¨ AMva R‡j Wzwe‡Z‡Q, †Nvi Ai‡Y¨ c‡Ö ek Kwi‡Z‡Q, ceZ© wkL‡i Av‡ivnY
Avï − ZvovZvwo| Kwi‡Z‡Q| i³, gvsm‡ckx, cigvYy ms‡hvwRZ kixi| †ZvgviB Rb¨ k~‡b¨
wbkv − ivZ| DovB‡Z‡Q| wK Knz K! wK gvqv!! wK †gvwnbx kw³!!! †Zvgvi Knz ‡K †K bv
we× − Mvu_v| cwo‡Z‡Q? †K bv †avuKv LvB‡Z‡Q? †K bv gwR‡Z‡Q? Zzwg `i~ nI! Kwei
†ivl − ivM| Kíbvi c_ nB‡Z G‡Kev‡i `~i nI! Kwei wPš—vaviv nB‡Z G‡Kev‡i mwiqv

†gvPb − gwy ³`vb| hvI| †Zvgvi bvg Kwiqv K_v Kwn‡Z A½ wknwiqv D‡V| †ZvgviB Rb¨ cfÖ z

wknwiqv − †K‡u c IVv, wkD‡i †nv‡mb mxgvi n‡¯— LwÊZ! −iv¶wm| †ZvgviB Rb¨ LwÊZ wki ek©v‡MÖ we×|
IVv| mxgvi Awekvª š— hvB‡Z‡Q| w`bgwY gwjbgyL, A¯—vPj Mg‡b D‡`¨vMx| mxgv‡ii
Aš—‡i bvbv fve; Zb¥‡a¨ A_-© wPš—vB cÖej, wPi Afve¸wj Avï †gvPb KivB

M`¨ 19

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MvÖ g

w¯’i| GKvB gvwiqvwQ, GKvB KvwUqvwQ, GKvB hvB‡ZwQ, GKvB cvBe, Avi
fvebv wK? j¶ UvKvi AwaKvixB Avwg| wPš—vi †Kvb KviY bvB| wbkvI cvÖ q
mgvMZ- hvB †Kv_v? wekªvg bv Kwi‡jI Avi evwu P bv| wbKU¯’ cjx− ‡Z †Kvb
Mn„ xi Avev‡m hvBqv wbkv hvcb Kwi| G Z mKjB gnvivR GwR` bvg`v‡ii
ivR¨f³z , Aaxb I Aš—MZ© | ˆmwbK †ek, n‡¯— ekv© , ekv‡© MÖ gbly ¨wki we×,
fqvbK †iv‡li j¶Y| †K wK ewj‡e? Kvi mva¨ †K wK Kwi‡e?

mvi-ms‡¶c
†jLK GLv‡b e‡j‡Qb †h †nv‡m‡bi wk‡i mxgv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zvi c‡Ö qvRb j¶ UvKv| †mB †jv‡f G‡Zv
e‡ov cv‡ci KvR †m K‡i‡Q| UvKvi †jvf gvb‡y li Rxe‡b mLy -kvwš— †Zv w`‡ZB cv‡i bv, †`q ïay Akvwš|—
c„w_exi mg¯— Ab_© Kv‡Ri gy‡j Av‡Q A_©‡jvf| G †jvf‡K †jLK ZvB NY„ vi †Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb| A_©‡jvf‡K
Zjz bv K‡i‡Qb we‡li m‡½| G we‡li AvKl‡© Y gvbly n‡q hvq cvlÊ, wbôzi I Agvbly |
†jLK Kíbvq A_©‡jvfx mxgv‡ii m‡½ K_v ej‡Qb| A‡_©i †jv‡f gvbly †Kgb Agvbyl nq †m K_v ej‡Qb|
A‡_©i Rb¨ gvbyl we‡eK eyw× gvqv ggZv eÜZz ¡ †cgÖ fw³ meB wemRb© w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB A_©‡K †jLK e‡j‡Qb
me Ab‡_©i g~j|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi cÖk¸œ ‡jv cob– I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kœi DËi †`qv
Av‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ
1. G cv‡V †jLv bZbz k㸇jv wb‡Ri LvZvq wjLyb|
2. A‡_i© †jvf gvb‡y li wK wK ¶wZ K‡i, Kgc‡¶ cvuPwU ¶wZi K_v wb‡Ri LvZvq wjLyb|
3. Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi KvUv gv_v mxgv‡ii ekvq© Mv_u v− G `„k¨ Kíbv K‡i 6/7wU evK¨wU wjLyb|

bgby v c‡Ö kvœ Ëi
ckÖ œ : A_© gvb‡y li Kx Kx ¶wZ K‡i, Kg c‡¶ QqwU ¶wZi K_v wjLyb|
DËi \ Rxe‡b †e‡u P _vKvi Rb¨ A‡_i© c‡Ö qvRb Av‡Q| Z‡e cÖ‡qvR‡b A_© gvbyl‡K Lvivc KvR Ges Ag½‡ji
†bkvi w`‡K Uv‡b| ZvB ceÖ v` Av‡Q †h A_©B Ab‡_i© g~j| †m Ab_©¸‡jv cwiev‡i I mgv‡R bvbv ¶wZi KviY
n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb :

K. A‡_i© †jvf gvbly ‡K †jvfx K‡i †Zv‡j|
L. A‡_©i †jvf gvbly ‡K wnsmvcivqY K‡i †Zv‡j|
M. A‡_i© Rb¨ gvb‡y li wePvi eyw× †jvc †c‡Z cv‡i|
N. A‡_©i Rb¨ gvb‡y li m¯y ’ we‡eK g‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|
O. A‡_©i †jv‡f gvb‡y li eÜzZ¡ bó n‡Z cv‡i|

cvV 2 20

Kvievjvi ci

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV c‡o Avcwb−
♦ gw`bvi ivRv †nv‡m‡bi cwiPq Rvb‡Z Ges wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ Mn„ ¯v^ gx AvR‡ii AwZw_ †mevi eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© g~jcvV

wbkvhvcb − ivZ KvUv‡bv| mxgvi GK M„nxi Avkª‡g Dcw¯’Z nBqv H ¯’v‡b wbkvhvcb Kwi‡eb RvbvB‡jb|
ekv© we× LwÊZ wki A¯¿k‡¯¿ mmy w¾Z- ewy S, ivRmsµvš— †Kn ev nq g‡b Kwiqv
mv`‡i − Av`‡ii m‡½| M„n¯v^ gx Avi †Kvb K_v, ewj‡jb bv| mv`‡i mxgvi‡K ¯v’ b wb‡`©k Kwiqv w`‡jb,
c_kªvwš— `i~ xKi‡Yi DcKiYvw` I Avnvh© `eª ¨mvgMÖx Avwbqv fw³ mnKv‡i
c_kvª wš— − c‡_i Kv¬ wš— ev AwZw_‡mev Kwi‡jb| ¶YKvj wekªv‡gi ci AwZ webxZfv‡e ewj‡jb, Ògnvkq,
Aemv`|

Avnvh© − Lvevi wRwbm| hw` AbygwZ K‡ib, Z‡e GKUv K_v wRÁvmv Kwi|Ó
mxgvi ewjj−
wki − gv_v| ÒwK K_v?Ó
ÒK_v wKQy b‡n, Avcwb †Kv_v nB‡Z Avwm‡Z‡Qb? Avi G ek©vwe× wki †Kvb&
civ¯— − civwRZ| gnvciy “‡li?Ó
Bnvi A‡bK K_v Z‡e †Zvgv‡K AwZ ms‡¶‡c ewj‡ZwQ| gw`bvi ivRv †nv‡mb,
†cŠËwjK − †h cyZjz cR~ v
K‡i|

G‡Kk¦iev`x − GK Ck¦‡i hvnu vi wcZv Avjx Ges gynv¤§‡`i Kb¨v d‡Zgv hvnu vi Rbbx, G Zvnu viB wki|
hvi wek¦vm Av‡Q| Kvievjv cÖvš—‡i gnvivR GwR`-‡cwÖ iZ ˆmb¨ mwnZ civ¯— nBqv G Ae¯’v| †`n
nB‡Z g¯K— wQbœ Kwiqv gnviv‡Ri wbKU jBqv hvB‡ZwQ; cyi¯‹vi cvBe| j¶
Dcvm¨ − Dcvmbvi †hvM¨| UvKv cyi¯‹vi| Zzwg †cŠËwjK, †Zvgvi M‡„ n bvbv †`e-‡`exi cwÖ Zg~wZ© Av‡Q
AÁv‡Z − ARv‡š—| †`wLqvB AvwZ_¨ MÖnY KwiqvwQ| gynv¤§‡`i wkl¨ nB‡j KLbI †Zvgvi M„‡n
ZËv¡ eav‡b − †`Lv AvwmZvg bv| †Zvgvi Av`i-Af¨_©bv‡ZI fwz jZvg bv, †Zvgvi AvnviI MnÖ Y

†kvbv‡Z| KwiZvg bv|Ó

wØi“w³ − wØZxq evi K_v Òn¨v,u GZ¶‡Y Rvwbjvg Avcwb †K? Avi Avcbvi AbygvbI wg_¨v b‡n| Avwg
ejv| G‡Kk¦iev`x bwn| bvbv cKÖ vi †`e-‡`exB Avgvi Dcvm¨| Avcwb gnvivR
GwR‡`i wcqÖ ˆmb¨, Avgvi Aciva MnÖ Y Kwi‡eb bv| ¯^”Q‡›` wekvª g Ki“b| wKš‘
kªeY gvÎB −†kvbv gvÎB| ek©vwe× wki G cÖKv‡i bv ivwLqv Avgvi wbKU w`‡j fvj nBZ| Avwg AvR iv‡Î
m¤§Z − ivRx nIqv| Avcb ZË¡veav‡b ivwLZvg| cvÖ ‡Z Avcwb h_v B”Qv Mgb Kwi‡Zb| KviY, hw`

Avkgª − evm¯v’ b| †Kvb kµAvcbvi Abymi‡Y Avwmqv _v‡K, wbkx_ mg‡q †KŠk‡j wK ejcÖ‡qv‡M G

kqb − †kvqv| gnvgj~ ¨ wki Avcbvi wbKU nB‡Z Kvwoqv jq, wK Avcbvi Kv¬ wšR— wbZ Aek
wej¤^ − †`wi| Aj‡m †Nvi wb`ªvq A‡PZb nB‡j Avcbvi AÁv‡Z G gnvg~j¨ wki − AvcvZZ
A‡PZb − †PZbv k~b¨| hvnvi gj~ ¨ j¶ UvKv− hw` †Kn jBqv hvq, Z‡e gnv`ty ‡Li KviY nB‡e|
ev¯—weK − mZ¨| Avgv‡K w`b, Avwg mveav‡b ivwLe, Avcwb cÖZ‚¨‡l jB‡eb| Avgvi ZË¡veav‡b
ivwL‡j Avcwb wbwðš—fv‡e wb`ªv myL Abfy e Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|Ó
Avivabv − Dcvmbv| mxgv‡ii K‡Y© K_v¸wj eoB wgó †eva nBj| Avi wØi“w³ bv Kwiqv cÖ¯v— e
keª YgvÎB m¤§Z nBj| M„n¯v^ gx †nv‡mb-g¯—K m¤§v‡bi mwnZ jBqv eû mgv`‡i
iZ − wbhy³| M„ng‡a¨ ivwLqv w`‡jb| c_kvª wš—‡nZz mxgv‡ii †Kej kqb wej¤,^ †hgbB kqb,
AgbB A‡PZb|
cÖZ¨‚ l − mKvj| Mn„ ¯^vgx ev¯w— eK nqiZ gny v¤§` †gv¯d— vi wkl¨ wQ‡jb bv| bvbv cÖKvi †`e-‡`exi
Avivabv‡ZB me`© v iZ _vwK‡Zb| Dchy³ wZb cÎy I GK ¯x¿ | bvg ÔAvRiÕ|
fw³ mnKv‡i − fw³i
m‡½|

webxZ fv‡e − web‡qi

m‡½|

Af¨_©bv − Avc¨vqb|

mvi-ms‡¶c

M`¨ 21

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMvÖ g

K¬vš— mxgvi ivZ KvUv‡bvi Rb¨ GK Mn„ ‡¯’i evwo‡Z Dcw¯Z’ n‡jv| A¯m¿ ‡¯¿ mw¾Z †cvkvK †`‡L M„n¯v^ gx Zv‡K
Ley Av`i hZœ K‡i LvIqv‡jb| c‡i AwZw_‡K ckÖ œ K‡i Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h ekv© i AvMvq Mvu_v H KvUv gv_vwU
nhiZ Avjx (ivt) I dvwZgv (ivt) Gi cyÎ Ges nhiZ gynv¤§‡`i AwZ wcÖq bvwZ Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi| GB KvUv
gv_v †`Lv‡Z cvi‡j GwR` Zv‡K GK j¶ UvKv ciy ®‹vi w`‡e| mxgvi ej‡jv †h AvRi †cŠËwjK e‡jB Zvi
evwo‡Z †m AwZw_ n‡q‡Q| AvRi mwZ¨B †`e‡`exi c~Rv Ki‡Zb| GK Ck‡¦ i Zviu wekv¦ m wQ‡jv bv| nhiZ
gny v¤§‡`i wkl¨I wQ‡jb bv wZwb| AvRi AwZw_‡K wbwðZ g‡b wekªvg wb‡Z ej‡jb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ¸‡jv co–b I m¤v¢ e¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv
Av‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. ms‡¶‡c AvR‡ii PwiÎ eY©bv Ki“b (AvR‡ii ag©, Zvui AwZw_ †mev, Zviu gayi e¨envi Ges cwiev‡ii K_v

¸wQ‡q wb‡eb cÖ_‡g)|
2. kãv_¸© ‡jv K‡qKevi c‡o 5wU kã †e‡Q wb‡q wb‡Ri fvlvq evK¨ wjLyb|
3. AvR‡ii Kx Kx K_v ï‡b mxgvi wbwðš— g‡b Bgvg †nv‡m‡‡bi gv_v Zvi Kv‡Q ivL‡Z ivwR n‡jv, Zv

ms‡¶‡c wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLby |
4. cvV †_‡K 5wU evK¨ †e‡Q wb‡q Zv PwjZ fvlvq wjLyb| †hgb :

Bnvi A‡bK K_v Z‡e †Zvgv‡K ms‡¶‡c ewj‡ZwQ| (mvay fvlv)
Gi A‡bK K_v Z‡e †Zvgv‡K ms‡¶‡c ejwQ| (PwjZ fvlv)

bgybv DËi
3. AvR‡ii Kx Kx K_v ï‡b mxgvi wbwðš— g‡b Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi gv_v Zvi Kv‡Q ivL‡Z ivwR n‡jv?
DËi\ mxgv‡ii KvQ †_‡K AvRi ï‡b‡Qb †h Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wk‡ii `vg j¶ UvKv| G‡Zv e‡ov m¤ú`
wb‡q ivZ RvMvI wec`, Ngy v‡jI wec`| †m K_v mxgvi †hgb Rv‡b AvRiI †Zgwb ey‡SwQ‡jb| ZvB AwZw_‡K
Zvui Kv‡Q gv_vUv Mw”QZ ivL‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb| Zvn‡j :

K) K¬vš— mxgvi Nywg‡q co‡jI †KD j¶ UvKv g~‡j¨i G wQbœ wki wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡ebv|
L) iv‡Î †KŠk‡j wKsev ejcÖ‡qv‡M gnvg~j¨ wki †K‡o wb‡Z cvi‡e bv|
M) †Kv‡bv kµhw` mxgvi‡K AbymiY K‡iI _v‡K, †m G wQbœ wki Ly‡u RB cv‡e bv|
N) AvRi wb‡Ri ZËv¡ eav‡b wQbœ wki ivLvi Avkv¦ m w`‡jb|
O) mKv‡j mxgv‡ii nv‡Z wQbœ wki Z‡z j w`‡eb e‡j AvRi‡K Avk¯¦ — Ki‡jb|

cvV 3

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−

♦ †nv‡m‡bi wQbwœ ki †`‡L †cŠËwjK nIqv m‡Ë¡I AvRi I Zvi cwiev‡ii g‡bi Ae¯’v †Kgb n‡qwQj Zvi
ebb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

♦ Kx Kx evK¨ D”PviY K‡i AvRi wejvc K‡iwQ‡jv Zvi K‡qKwU evK¨ wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ gv_v wb‡q AvRi Kx Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

Kvievjvi ci 22

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

Av`¨š— − Avw` †_‡K Aš— chš© — mxgv‡ii wb`vª i fve Rvwbqv, AvRi ¯x¿ -cyÎmn †nv‡m‡bi g¯—K wNwiqv ewm‡jb
A_v©r cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©š—| Ges Av`¨š— mgy`q NUbv ewj‡jb|
†h NUbvq cï-c¶xi †Pv‡Li Rj Swi‡Z‡Q, cÖK…wZi Aš—i dvwUqv hvB‡Z‡Q,
mgy`q − mg¯—|
wb`vi“Y − AwZ K‡Vvi, GKvš— †mB †`n-wew”Qbœ †nv‡mb-g¯—K †`wLqv Kvnvi ü`‡q bv AvNvZ jv‡M? †`e-
‡`exi DcvmK nDb, Bmjvg agw© e‡ØlxB nDb, G wb`vi“Y `yt‡Li K_v ïwb‡j
Amn¨|

jxjv − †Ljv| †K bv e¨w_Z nb| wcZvcÎy mK‡j GKÎ nBqv †nv‡mb- †kv‡K Kvuw`‡Z
jvwM‡jb|
†Øl − wnsmv| AvRi ewj‡jb, ÒgvbylgvÎB GK DcKi‡Y MwVZ Ges Ck‡¦ ii mw„ ó|

g~pZv − gL~ ©Zv| RvwZ‡f`, ag‡© f`, †mI me©kw³gv‡bi jxjv| Bnv‡Z ci¯úi wnsmv, †Øl, NY„ v
†Kej gp~ Zvi j¶Y| Ggvg nvmvb-‡nv‡m‡bi cwÖ Z GwR` †hiƒc AZ¨vPvi
Zšx − Zvi Kwiqv‡Q, Zvnv g‡b Kwi‡j ü`q gv‡ÎiB Zšx wQwu oqv hvq| †m `yt‡Li K_vq
we‡f` − cv_K© ¨| †Kvb P¶z bv R‡j cwic~Y© nq? gvb‡y li cÖwZ Giƒc †NviZi AZ¨vPvi nDK
P¶z − †PvL| Avi bv nDK, RvwZ I Rxeb ewjqvI wK cvÖ ‡Y AvNvZ jv‡M bv? mvay, cig
Aegvbbv − Acgvb| avwg©K, we‡kl Ck¦if³ gnvciy “l gynv¤§‡`i ü`‡qi Ask − Bnv‡`i GB `kv?
†ivlvwMœ − †µv‡ai Av¸b| nvq! nvq! mvgvb¨ cï gvwi‡jI KZ gvbly Kvwu `qv MovMwo hvq − †e`bvq
wbevw© cZ − wb‡f †M‡Q Ggb| Aw¯i’ nq, Avi gvb‡y li Rb¨ gvbyl Kvwu `‡e bv? a‡g©i we‡f` ewjqv gvb‡y li
Abša— vg − wPi¯v’ qx Mn„ A_v©r we‡qv‡M gvbly g‡bv‡e`bvq †e`bv †eva Kwi‡e bv? hšYv Abfy e Kwi‡e bv?
gZ„ ¨z i RMr| †h agB© nDK bv †Kb, Dnvi cweÎZv i¶v Kwi‡Z, ZrKv‡h© †hvM w`‡Z †K
eviY Kwi‡e? gnvcyi“l gynv¤§` cweÎ, nvmvb cweÎ, †nv‡m‡bi g¯K— cweÎ,
Fwl − mvay| †mB cweÎ g¯—‡Ki GZ Aegvbbv? h‡y × nZ nBqv‡Qb ewjqvB wK GZ
Abš— − wPi¯v’ qx| Zvw”Qj¨ ? RMr Kq w`‡bi? GwR`| ZBz wK RM‡Z Agi nBqvwQm? Rxebk~b¨
ekeZx© − Aaxb| †`‡ni m`M& wZi msev` ïwbqv wK †Zvi wPiR¡jš— †ivlvwMœ wbev©wcZ nBZ bv?
AgvbywlK − gvb‡y li Amva¨| †Zvi AvKv•¶v wK hy×R‡qi msev` ïwbqv wgwUZ bv? †nv‡mb-cwiev‡ii
KxwZ© − we‡kl fv‡jv KvR| gnvµ›`‡bi †ivj mßZj AvKvk †f` Kwiqv, Abš—av‡g Abš—iƒ‡c cÖ‡ek
nZ − nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb| Kwiqv Abš— †kvK weKvk Kwi‡Z‡Q, Ck¦‡ii Avmb Uwj‡Z‡Q! − †Zvi gb wK
BqËv − wnmve| GZB KwVb †h, Rxebk~b¨ kix‡i kµZv mvab Kwi‡Z µwU Kwi‡ZwQm bv|
c¯Ö i— − cv_i| †Zv‡K †Kvb Cki¦ MwoqvwQj Rvwb bv; wK DcKi‡Y †Zvi kixi MwVZ ZvnvI
wecixZ − Dëv|
m`MwZ − g„‡Zi †kl KvR|

ewj‡Z cvwi bv| ZzB mvgvb¨ †jv‡f ekeZx© nBqv wK KvÊ Kwiwj! †Zvi GB
Agvbwy lK KxwZ©‡Z RMr Kvwu `‡e, cvlvY Mwj‡e| GB gnvcyi“l RxweZ _vwK‡j
GB gyL nB‡Z KZ kZ cKÖ v‡i Ck‡¦ ii ¸Y-KxZ©b KZKvj Ck‡¦ ii gnË¡
cKÖ vk nBZ, Zvnvi wK BqËv Av‡Q? ZBz Amg‡q gnvFwl †nv‡m‡bi cvÖ Y niY
KwiqvwQm, wKš‘ †Zvi wcZv Ggvg es‡ki wfbœ b‡nb; wKš‘ Zvunvi ü`q Ggb
KwVb c¯Ö ‡— i MwVZ wQj bv| Zvunvi Ji‡m Rwb¥qv †Zvi GwK fve? i³-gvsm-
exh-© ¸Y AvR †Zvi wbKU civ¯— nBj| gvbe kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK ¸Y AvR

wecixZ fve aviY Kwij| Zvnv hvnvB nDK, AvR‡ii GB cÖwZÁv − Rxeb
_vwK‡Z †nv‡mb - wki `v‡g‡¯‹ jBqv hvB‡Z w`‡e bv; h‡Ziœ mwnZ, Av`‡ii
mwnZ, fw³ mnKv‡i †m gnvcÖvši— Kvievjvq jBqv hvBqv wkikb~ ¨ †`‡ni
mÜvb Kwiqv m`MwZi Dcvq Kwi‡e, cvÖ Y _vwK‡Z AvRi G wki Qvwo‡e bv!Ó

mvi-ms‡¶c 23

M`¨

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

mxgvi Nywg‡q co‡j ¯¿x c‡y Îi Kv‡Q AvRi mg¯— NUbv ej‡jb| †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki †`‡L †kv‡K Aaxi n‡q
mevB Kvu`‡Z jvM‡jb †h me gvbylB †Zv Ck‡¦ ii m„wó| Zey Zv‡`i g‡a¨ G‡Zv wnsmv G‡Zv N„Yv †Kb? †h hvi
ag© cvjb Ki‡e Zv‡Z evav †`qvi †Zv c‡Ö qvRb †bB| ZvQvov †nv‡mb n‡jb-mva,y cig avwgK© gnvciy “l
gny v¤§‡`i eskai| cweÎ es‡ki cweÎ mš—vb| †mB cweÎ gv_v †K‡U ek©vq we× K‡i‡Q mxgvi| GwR‡`i Rb¨B
mxgvi AKv‡j †nv‡mb‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| AvRi cÖwZÁv Ki‡jb †h Rxeb _vK‡Z GB wQbœ wki mxgvi‡K w`‡eb
bv| Kvievjvq wM‡q †nv‡m‡bi †`n Luy‡R wbqg Abyhvqx Zviu mrKvi Ki‡eb|
†cŠËwjK nIqv m‡ËI¡ gnvciy l gny v¤§` I Zvui cwiev‡ii cwÖ Z AvR‡ii fw³ wQj| †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki †`‡L
AvR‡ii cwievi †kv‡K `yt‡L KvZi n‡jv| Zvuiv cwÖ ZÁv Ki‡jb †h GB wQbœ wki wKQ‡z ZB mxgvi‡K w`‡eb bv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ¸‡jv cob– I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kiœ DËi †`qv
Av‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ
1. Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki †`‡L AvR‡ii †kv‡Ki KviY Kx, Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLby |
2. a‡g©i we‡f` _vK‡jB gvb‡y li cwÖ Z gvbyl cïi g‡Zv AvPiY Ki‡e e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib wK? Kgc‡¶

7/8wU ev‡K¨ Avcbvi gZ hwy ³ w`‡q wjLby |

bgby v DËi
1. Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki †`‡L AvR‡ii †kv‡Ki KviY Kx?
DËi \ Bgvg †nv‡mb n‡jb nhiZ †gvnv¤§` †gv¯d— vi (mvt) cvÖ YwcqÖ bvwZ, RMr-Rbbx gv dvwZgvi Av`‡ii mš—
vb GB gnvcyi“l RxweZ _vK‡j KZ kZ cÖKv‡i Ck‡¦ ii ¸YKxZb© Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| Ck‡¦ ii gn‡Ëi¡ K_v cÖPvi
Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zviu Ggb Ki“Y g„Zz¨‡Z ZvB−

K) cï cvwLi †Pv‡L Ak“Ö Si‡Q,
L) cÖK…wZi Aši— †d‡U hv‡”Q,
M) wQbœ g¯K— †`‡L gvbly e¨w_Z n‡q‡Q,
N) Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi g„Z¨z msev` †h k‡y b‡Q †mB †kvK cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|
G‡Zv e‡ov gnr cÖv‡Yi GB gg©vwšK— cwiYwZ †`‡L ZvB †cŠËwjK AvRiI Kvbvœ †iva Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| gvqv
ggZv w`‡q Mov †Kv‡bv gvbly B Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi gZ„ ¨z ‡Z bv †K‡u ` cv‡i bv| AvRi GKRb mr I we‡eKevb
gvbly | gvby‡li Rb¨ gvbly B Kvu‡`| AvR‡ii Kvbœvq Zvi gvbeZv I gbyl¨‡Z¡i cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|

2. GwR`‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i AvRi Kx e‡jwQ‡jb?
DËi\ Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki †`‡L †kv‡K `yt‡L AvRi e‡jwQ‡jb- †jv‡fB mxgvi Ggb RNb¨ wbôiz KvRUv
K‡i‡Q| GwR‡`i bvg a‡i D”PviY Ki‡jb †h, G wK RM‡Z Ag&i? Ggvg †nv‡mb wbnZ n‡q‡Qb G Lei ï‡bB
†Zvi wPiR¡jš— †ivlvwMœ wb‡f †h‡Z cviZ bv wK? Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi g„Zz¨‡Z Zvui cwievi cwiR‡bi †h AvnvRvwi,
†h eKy dvUv‡bv Kvbvœ , †h mxgvnxb †kv‡Ki aŸwb D‡V‡Q Zv‡Z Ck¦‡ii Avmb ch©š— U‡j DV‡Q| wKš‘ GwR‡`i
ü`q GZB cvlvY †h g„Z‡`‡ni cÖwZI †m kµZv †cvlY K‡i‡Q| Ck¦i Zv‡K †Kvb e¯‘ w`‡q M‡o‡Qb †h Zvi
g‡a¨ gbyl¨‡Zi¡ †jkgvÎ †bB? mvgvb¨ †jv‡fi Rb¨ GwR` Ggb AgvbweK KvR Ki‡jv †h wPiKvj RMZevmx
Zv‡K N„Yv Ki‡e| Avi Kvu`‡e Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi Rb¨| Amg‡q GwR` Ggvg †nv‡mb‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| G K_v
g‡b n‡j cvlvYI M‡j hv‡e - GgbB †e`bv`vqK G wbgg© nZ¨v| GwR` gvbyl bq| gvb‡y li †Kv‡bv ¸YB Zvi
g‡a¨ †bB| †m cvlÊ, bicï|

cvV 4

Kvievjvi ci 24

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

D‡Ïk¨

G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

♦ mwZ¨Kvi gvbly n‡j Zvi g‡a¨ †h `qv gvqv mnvbyfw‚ Z _v‡K Ges c‡ii `yt‡L ZLb †m †Kgb KvZi nq Zvi
eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

♦ AvRi mxgvi‡K cï I mf¨ gvby‡li AvPiYMZ cv_©K¨ †evSv‡Z †P‡qwQj, wb‡Ri fvlvq Zv ¸wQ‡q wjL‡Z
cvi‡eb|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

AÂj − AvuPj| cy‡Îiv ewjj, ÒAvgv‡`i Rxeb cY; Z_vwc wKQ‡y ZB ˆmwbK n‡¯— G wki
wbwa − Mw”QZ ab| cÖZ¨vcY© Kwie bv| cvÖ ‡Z ˆmwbK‡K we`vq Kwiqv mK‡j GK‡Î Kvievjvq
cY − cÖwZÁv| hvBe|Ó
cZÖ ¨vc©Y − †diZ †`qv| cybivq AvRi ewj‡Z jvwM‡jb, Òavwg‡© Ki ü`q GK, Ck¦i-f‡³i gb GK,
cvÖ ‡Z − mKv‡j| AvvÍGK| ag© wK KLbI `yB nB‡Z cv‡i? m¤^Ü bvB, AvÍxqZv bvB, K_vq e‡j
DrmM© − ¯^Z¡Z¨vM, `vb| - i‡³ i‡³ †jkgvÎ †hvMv‡hvM bvB, Z‡e Zvnu vi `ty ‡L †Zvgv‡`i cÖv‡Y
c‡ivcKvi − c‡ii DcKvi| AvNvZ jvwMj †Kb? ej †`wL, Zvnu vi Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM© Kwi‡e †Kb? avwgK© -
eªZ − Zcm¨v, mshg| Rxeb Kvnvi bv Av`‡ii? Ck¦i †cwÖ gK Kvnvi bv h‡Zœi? †Zvgv‡`i K_v
AwZevwnZ − cvi K‡i, KvwU‡q ïwbqv, mvnm †`wLqv cÖvY kxZj nBj| c‡ivcKvi e‡ª Z RxebcY K_vwU
†h‡Z| ïwbqvI KY© RyovBj| †Zvgv‡`i mvn‡mB M„‡n _vwKjvg| cÖvY w`e, wKš‘ wki
iRbx − ivZ| `v‡g‡¯‹ jBqv hvB‡Z w`e bv|Ó
†jvgnl©K − Mv‡q KvUu v †`q ci¯úi mK‡jB †nv‡m‡bi cmÖ ½ jBqv iRbx AwZevwnZ Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb|
Ggb f‡qi K_v| cfÖ vZ nB‡Z mܨv chš© — Kvievjv cÖvš—‡i †h †jvgnl©K NUbv NwUqv‡Q, Zvnv
RMr‡jvPb − cw„ _exi †PvL| RMr †`wLqv‡Q| wbkv‡`ex RMZ‡K Avevi bZ~ b NUbv †`LvB‡Z, RMr‡jvPb
iwe‡`e − mh~ ©| iwe‡`e‡K ce~ © MMb-cvÖ ‡š— emvBqv wb‡R Aš—av© b nBevi D‡`¨vM Kwi‡Z‡Qb|
Aša— ©vb − A`„k¨ nIqv| RMr Kj¨ †`wLqv‡Q| AvR Avevi †`LKy wbt¯^v_© †c‡Ö gi Av`k© †`LyK - cweÎ
Kj¨ − Kvj| Rxe‡bi h_v_© cÖYqx †`LyK - mvay Rxe‡bi fw³ †`LyK| åvZv-fwMbx, cÎy -
wbt¯^v_© − ¯v^ _©Qvov| Rvqv, cwiRb we‡qvM nB‡j †jv‡K Kvwu `qv _v‡K, Rxeb‡K AwZ Z”z Q Rv‡b,
cÖYqx − †cwÖ gK| Rxeb _vwK‡ZB Rxebjxjv BwZ Kwi‡Z B”Qv K‡i| c‡ii Rb¨ †h Kvwu `‡Z nq
`ó„ vš— − D`vniY| bv, cvÖ Y w`‡Z nq bv, ZvnviI Rj¡ š— cgÖ vY AvR †`LyK, wk¶v Ki“K|
Rvqv − ¯¿x| mnvbfy ‚wZ Kvnv‡K e‡j? gvby‡li cwiPq wK? gnvkw³ m¤úbœ ü`‡q ¶gZv wK?
cwiRb − cwiev‡ii †jvK| bk¦i Rxe‡b Awebk¦i wK? AvR fvj Kwiqv †`LKy |
Awebki¦ − hv Agi| RMr RvwMj| ce~ © MMb †jvwnZ †iLvq cwi‡kvwfZ nBj! mxgvi kh¨v nB‡Z
†jvwnZ − jvj| DwVqv cvÖ Ztwµqvw` mgvcb Kwij| mw¾Z nBqv ek©vn‡¯— `Êvqgvb- Ges
cwi‡kvwfZ − m›y `i mv‡R D‰”Pt¯‡^ i ewjj, ÒI‡n! Avwg Avi wej¤^ Kwi‡Z cvwie bv| Avgvi iw¶Z g¯—
mw¾Z| K Avwbqv `vI| kxNª hvBe!Ó
wej¤^ − †`wi| AvRi ewnf©v‡M Avwmqv ewjj, ÒåvZt, †Zvgvi bvgwU wK ïwb‡Z PvB| Avi
iw¶Z − ivLv Av‡Q| Zwz g †Kvb Ck‡¦ ii m„óRxe ZvnvI Rvwb‡Z PvB| fvB, ivM KwiI bv; ag©bxwZ,
ewnfv© ‡M − evB‡i| ivRbxwZ, hy×bxwZ, A_b© xwZ, hwy ³, wewa-e¨e¯v’ Bnvi wKQ‡y ZB G K_v cvIqv
MZRxeb − Rxebnxb| hvq bv †h, kµi gZ„ kix‡iI kµZv mvab Kwi‡Z nq| eb¨ cï Ges Amf¨
`Êvqgvb − `vuov‡bv| RvwZivB MZRxeb kµkix‡i bvbv cKÖ vi jvÃbv w`qv g‡b g‡b Avb›` Abyfe
kxNª − ZvovZvwo| K‡i| åvZt, †Zvgvi ivRv mymf¨, ZzwgI w`e¨ mf¨, G Ae¯v’ q G cky-AvPvi
åvZ: − fvB| †Kb fvB?Ó

M`¨ 25

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

D‰”P:¯‡^ i − DPu z ¯‡^ i|
mvi-ms‡¶c

†nv‡m‡bi gv_v `v‡g‡¯‹ wb‡Z w`‡e bv e‡j AvR‡ii cwievi GKgZ nj| †mRb¨ †h †Kv‡bv Z¨vM Ki‡Z c¯Ö ‘Z
n‡jv Zviv| cÖ‡qvR‡b Rxeb `vb Ki‡e Zey cÖwZÁv i¶v Ki‡e| mviv ivZ †K‡U †M‡jv Gme K_v Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z Ki‡Z| AvR‡ii cwiev‡ii †jvKRb mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© avwg©K| †m ag© gvby‡li ag|© gvbyl a‡g© wek¦vmx
†jv‡Kiv ü`‡qi kw³‡K, gvqv ggZv we‡eK BZ¨vw`‡K e‡ov K‡i †`‡L| AvÍZ¨v‡M Zvu‡`i fq _v‡K bv| gvbly
wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cwiwPZ Ki‡Z cvi‡jB Rxeb mv_K© nq G Zv‡u `i wek¦vm|
gvbyl Avi cïi g‡a¨ caÖ vb cv_K© ¨ G †h cï fv‡jv-g›` †ev‡S bv, ag-© Aag© †ev‡S bv, c‡ii Rb¨ AvZͨvM
†ev‡S bv Ges Awebki¦ Rxe‡bi A_©I Zvi ARvbv| wKš‘ gvbyl fv‡jv g›` †ev‡S| c‡ii Rb¨, m‡Z¨i Rb¨
Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z cv‡i| ü`‡qi G kw³B gvbyl‡K Agi K‡i| cKÖ Z… gvb‡y li ghv© `v cvIqv hvq Pig
Z¨v‡MB|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ¸‡jv cob– I m¤v¢ e¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kiœ DËi †`qv
Av‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1. AvR‡ii ¯x¿ I c‡y Îiv Kx Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLby |
2. gvbly Agi nq wK‡m - †fv‡M bv Z¨v‡M? Avcbvi e³e¨ GKwU Ab‡y ”Q‡` wjLby |
3. gvbyl Avi cïi g‡a¨ cv_K© ¨ Kx, AvR‡ii e³e¨ c‡o Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLby |
4. AvR‡ii ¯x¿ Ges cÎy ‡`i Pwi‡Îi me‡P‡q e‡ov ¸Y Kx? Z¨vM mvnm bv fw³? A_ev wZbUvB? Avcbvi

gZvgZ LvZvq wjLyb|

bgby v DËi
1. AvR‡ii ¯¿x I cy‡Îiv wK Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wjLby |
DËi\ Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki Ges Kvievjvq †jvgnlK© h‡y ×i K_v Rvbvi ci AvR‡ii cwiev‡ii mK‡jB
†kv‡K Aaxi n‡jb| Zvuiv hw`I Bmjvg a‡g© wekv¦ mx wQ‡jb bv Zey nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (mvt) Ges Zvui cwiev‡ii
cÖwZ Avšw— iK kª×v †cvlY Ki‡Zb| Zviu v Rvb‡Zb †h Ggvg †nv‡mb wQ‡jb wewe dv‡Zgvi A‡ji wbwa| nhiZ
gynv¤§` (mvt) Gi AwZ Av`‡ii bvwZ| kµiv Bgvg †nv‡mb‡K ea K‡i ag© weavb g‡Z g‡„ Zi mrKvi †Zv
K‡iBwb eis cweÎ †`n †_‡K gv_vUv wQbœ K‡i‡Q| G cweÎ wQbœ wki Zvuiv Kvievjvq wb‡q hv‡eb| †fvi nIqvi
Av‡MB mK‡j P‡j hv‡eb| fv‡M¨ hv _v‡K _vK| G‡Z hw` Rxeb hvq Zv‡ZI AvcwË †bB| AvR‡ii wZb
†Q‡jI G K_vq ivwR| ZvuivI cwÖ ZÁv Ki‡jb- wKQy‡ZB G wQbwœ ki mxgvi‡K †diZ w`‡eb bv| G Rb¨ Zviu v
Rxeb w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z| †Q‡j‡`i mvn‡mi K_v ï‡b AvRi Avk¦¯— n‡jb|

4. gvbyl Avi cïi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq .............. wjLby |
DËi\ AvRi mvaviY M„n¯’| wZwb G‡Kk¦iev`x bb| gny v¤§` †gv¯—dvi (mvt) wkl¨I bb| wKš‘ my¯’ ¯^vfvweK
we‡e‡Ki a‡g© wZwb wekv¦ m K‡ib| cÖvYxi g‡a¨ †h we‡eK †bB, †mB we‡e‡Ki Rb¨B †h gvbly †kªô cÖvYx G K_v
wZwb mxgvi‡K ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| AvR‡ii g‡Z agb© xwZ, ivRbxwZ, hy×bxwZ, A_b© xwZ, hyw³ wewa e¨e¯v’ , BZ¨vw`i
†Kv_vI Ggb K_v cvIqv hvq bv †h kµi g„Z kix‡i wbhv© Zb Ki‡Z nq| wZwb AviI e‡jb †h eb¨ cï Ges
Amf¨ RvZ, hviv cïi Zzj¨, ZvivB †Kej g‡„ Zi kix‡i jvÃbv w`‡q Avb›` cvq| gvb‡y li ag© nj gvbyl‡K
fv‡jvevmv, gvby‡li Kj¨vY Kiv| mf¨ gvb‡y li cÖavb ¸Y n‡jv, c‡ivcKv‡ii Kv‡R GwM‡q hvIqv| cïiv Gme
wPš—v Ki‡Z wKsev Ggb AvPiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB cïiv mn‡RB nxb wb‡ev©a Ges wbôzi n‡Z cv‡i| gvby‡li

Kvievjvi ci 26

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

m‡½ cïi cv_K© ¨ GLv‡bB| mxgvi †h‡nZz gvbly , ZvB Zvi Kv‡Q AvR‡ii cÖkœ gvbly n‡qI †K‡bv †m cïi
AvPiY Ki‡Q?

cvV 5

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ cïü`q mxgvi UvKv‡K K‡Zv gj~ ¨ w`‡q‡Q Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ AvR‡ii cÎy mvqv‡`i wcZf… w³ Ges Z¨vMx PwiÎ m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© g~jcvV

cÖ`Ë − †`qv| Òiv‡Î Avgv‡K Avkqª w`qvQ, †Zvgvi cÖ`Ë A‡bœ D`i cwicY~ © KwiqvwQ, myZivs
mxgv‡ii ek©v nB‡Z i¶v cvB‡j| mveavb! G mKj wn‡Zvc‡`k Avi KLbI g‡y L
D`i − †cU|
wn‡Zvc‡`k − fvj AvwbI bv| †Zvgvi wn‡Zvc‡`k †Zvgvi g‡bB _vKzK| fvB mv‡ne, weovjZc¯x^ ,
KcU Fwl, fÊ ¸i“, ¯^v_©ci cxi, †jvfx †gŠjfx RM‡Z A‡bK Av‡Q- A‡bK
Dc‡`k| †`wLqvwQ| AvRI †`wLjvg| †Zvgvi ag-© Kvwnbx, †Zvgvi ivR‰bwZK Dc‡`k,

KcU − cZÖ viK| †Zvgvi hwy ³, wewa-e¨e¯’v mg¯— Zzwjqv ivL| KviY, ag©veZv‡ii a~ZZ© v, PZiz Zv
mxgv‡ii ewy S‡Z Avi evwK bvB; K_vq gnvexi mxgvi fzwj‡e bv| Avi G †gvUv
agv©eZvi − a‡gi© AeZvi, K_v‡K bv ewy S‡e †h, †nv‡mb- g¯—K †Zvgvi wbKU ivwLqv hvB, Avi Zwz g `v‡g‡¯‹
wePvi‡Ki cwÖ Z m‡¤^vab| hvBqv gnviv‡Ri wbK‡U evnv`yix RvbvBqv j¶ UvKvi ciy ¯‹vi jvf Ki| hw` fvj
PvI, hw` cÖvY evPu vB‡Z B”Qv Ki, hw` wKQyw`b RM‡Zi gyL †`wL‡Z evmbv nq,
evmbv − B”Qv| Z‡e kxNª †nv‡m‡bi gv_v Avwbqv `vI|Ó
ÒI‡i fvB! Avwg †Zvgvi gZ ¯v^ _c© i A_‡© jvfx bwn| Avwg †`eZvi bvg Kwiqv
Rxebv‡š— − Rxe‡bi c‡i| ewj‡ZwQ, A_j© vjmvq †nv‡mb-g¯—K KLbB `v‡g‡¯‹ jBqv hvBe bv| UvKv AwZ
Z”z Q c`v_©, D”Pü`‡q UvKvi NvZcwÖ ZNvZ bvB| `qv, `vw¶Y¨, ag©, mybvg,
ivR‡`ªvnx − ivRvi wei“‡× hktKxwZ©, ci`ty LKvZiZv, G mKj gnvgj~ ¨ i‡Zœi wbKU UvKvi gj~ ¨ wK †i
we‡`vª n K‡i †h| fvB?Ó
ÒI‡n avwgK© ceÖ i! Avwg I mKj K_v A‡bK Rvwb| UvKv wK wRwbm ZvnvI fvj
welYœfv‡e − `ty wLZfv‡e| Kwiqv wPwb| g‡y L A‡b‡KB UvKv Z”z Q, A_© Ab‡_©i g~j ewjqv _v‡Kb, wKš‘ RMr
Ggb fqvbK ¯’vb †h, UvKv bv _vwK‡j Zvnvi ¯v’ b †Kv_vI bvB, mgv‡R bvB,
msKí − cwÖ ZÁv| ¯^RvwZi wbK‡U bvB, åvZv-fwMœi wbKU K_vwUi cÖZ¨vkv bvB| ¯¿xi b¨vq fvjev‡m
ej Z RM‡Z Avi †K Av‡Q? UvKv bv _vwK‡j Agb AK…wÎg fvjevmviI Avkv
hvÂv Kwiqv − †P‡q wb‡q| bvB, KvnviI wbKU m¤§vb bvB| UvKv bv _vwK‡j ivRvq wP‡b bv, mvavi‡Y gvb¨
K‡i bv, wec‡` Ávb _v‡K bv| Rb¥gvÎ UvKv, Rxe‡bi UvKv, Rxebv‡šI— UvKv,
mgcY© − ¯Z^ ¡Z¨vM K‡i RM‡Z UvKviB †Ljv| UvKv †h wK c`v_© Zvnv Zzwg †Pb ev bv †Pb, Avwg †ek
†`qv| wPwb| Avi Zzwg wbðq RvwbI, AvwgI †bnvr g~L© bwn, Avcb jvfvjvf †ek eywS‡Z
cvwi| hw` fvj PvI, hw` Avcb cÖvY evuPvB‡Z PvI, Z‡e kxNª LwÊZ g¯—K Avwbqv
binZ¨v cvc cw¼‡j − gvbly `vI| ivR‡`ªvnxi kvw¯— wK? −I‡i cvMj! ivR‡`vª nxi kvw¯— wK, Zvnv Rvb?Ó
nZ¨vi g‡Zv Lvivc cv‡c| ÒivR‡`vª nxi kvw¯— Avwg we‡kliƒ‡c Rvwb| †`L fvB, †Zvgvi mwnZ ev`-wem¤^v`
I †KŠkj Kwi‡Z Avgvi B”QvgvÎ bvB| Zwz g gnvivR GwR‡`i ˆmwbK, Avwg
¯‹‡Üvcwi − Kv‡u ai Dci| Zvnu vi Aaxb cRÖ v| mva¨ wK ivRKg©Pvixi Av‡`k Ae‡njv Kwi| GKUz A‡c¶v

LoM − Lvuov, Zievwi|

wZjvaK© vj − GK gyn~Z©|

A‡š¨— wówµqv − g„‡Zi
mrKvi|

bivKvi cï − gvb‡y li
AvKv‡i cï|

†Q`b − †K‡U †djv|

b¨¯— − †`qv, AcY© Kiv|

`xw¶Z − D”P Av`‡ki©
wk¶v cvIqv|

cwi‡cvlY − we‡klfv‡e

M`¨ 27

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvjb| Ki, LwÊZ wki Avwbqv w`‡ZwQ,g¯K— cvB‡j Z Zzwg ¶vš— nI?Ó

gbly ¨Z¡ − gvb‡y li cKÖ …Z Òn¨u v, g¯—K cvB‡jB Avwg Pwjqv hvB, ¶YKvjI GLv‡b _vwKe bv| Avi BnvI
¸Y| ewj‡ZwQ- gnviv‡Ri wbKU †Zvgvi fvj K_vB ewje| nqZ N‡i ewmqv wKQy
cyi¯‹viI cvB‡Z cvi| kxNª wki Avwbqv `vI|Ó
D‡Ëvjb − DVv‡bv| AvRi ¯x¿ cyÎM‡Yi wbKU hvBqv welYœfv‡e ewj‡jb, Ô†nv‡m‡bi g¯K— ivwL‡Z
†R¨ôcyÎ −eo †Q‡j| msKí KwiqvwQjvg, Zvnv ewy S NwUj bv| g¯—K bv jBqv ˆmwbK-cyi“l wKQy‡ZB
MÖxev − Nvo| hvB‡Z Pv‡n bv, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ ˆmwbK-ciy “‡li BnKv‡ji gZ j¶ UvKv
†jLbx − Kjg| cvÖ wßi Avkv G ¯v’ b nB‡Z wgUvBqv w`‡Z cvwiZvg| wKš‘ Avwg ¯q^ s hvÂv Kwiqv
gyw`Z − eÜ Kiv| †nv‡m‡bi g¯K— Avcb ZËv¡ eav‡b ivwLqvwQ| Avevi †mI wekv¦ m Kwiqv Avevi
h_v_© − LvuwU| n‡¯— mgcY© Kwiqv‡Q; G Ae¯’vq Dnvi cÖvYea Kwi‡j m¤úY© wek¦vmNvZKZvi

mwnZ binZ¨v-cvc-cw¼‡j Wwz e‡Z nq| ivR-AbPy i, ivR-KgP© vix ivRvwkªZ
†jvK‡K cÖRv nBqv cÖv‡Y gviv, †mI gnvcvc| Avgvi w¯i’ wm×vš— G †h, wbR g¯—
K ¯‹‡Üvcwi ivwLqv †nv‡m‡bi g¯—K ˆmwbK n‡¯— KLbB w`e bv| †Zvgiv H LoM
Øviv Avgvi g¯—K †`n nB‡Z wew”Qbœ Kwiqv ˆmwb‡Ki n‡¯— `vI, †m ek©vq we×
Ki“K| LwÊZ wki cvÖ ß nB‡j †m wZjvaK© vjI GLv‡b _vwK‡e bv ewjqv‡Q|
†Zvgiv h‡Zœi mwnZ †nv‡m‡bi g¯—K Kvievjvq jBqv †`n mÜvb Kwiqv A‡š—
¨wówµqvi D‡`¨vM Kwi‡e, G Avgvi †kl Dc‡`k| mveavb, †Kn Bnvi Ab¨_v
KwiI bv|Ó
AvR‡ii †R¨ôcyÎ mvqv` ewj‡Z jvwMj, ÔwcZv! Avgvi åvZ…Îq RxweZ _vwK‡Z
Avcbvi g¯K— †`nwew”Qbœ nB‡e; G wK K_v! Avgiv wK wcZvi Dchy³ cÎy bwn?
Avgv‡`i Aš‡— i wK wcZf… w³i KYvgvÎI ¯v’ b cvq bvB? Avgiv wK GgbB bivKvi
cï †h ¯n^ ‡¯— wcZ…g¯K— †Q`b Kwie? waK Avgv‡`i Rxeb! waK Avgv‡`i
gbly ¨‡Z|¡ †h wcZvi Ji‡m Rb¥MnÖ Y Kwiqv RM‡Zi gLy †`wLqvwQ, gvbly cwiP‡q
gvb‡y li mwnZ wgwkqvwQ, †m wcZvi wki †h Kvi‡Y †`n-wew”Qbœ nB‡e, †m Kvi‡Yi
DcKiY wK Avgiv nB‡Z cvwie bv? wcZt! Avi wej¤^ Kwi‡eb bv, LwÊZ g¯K—
cvÖ ß nB‡jB hw` ˆmwbK-ciy “l Pwjqv hvq, Z‡e Avgvi g¯K— jBqv Zvnvi n‡¯—
b¨¯— Ki“b, mKj ‡Mvj wgwUqv hvDK|Ó
Òab¨ mvqv`! Zzwg ab¨! RM‡Z Zwz gB ab¨! c‡ivcKvi-eª‡Z ZzwgB h_v_© `xw¶Z!
†Zvgvi Rb¥ mv_©K; AvgviI Rxeb mv_K© | †h D`‡i Rwb¥qvQ †m D`iI mv_K© |
cvÖ YvwaK! RM‡Z Rwb¥qv cï-c¶x‡`i b¨vq wbR D`i cwi‡cvlY Kwiqv Pwjqv
†M‡j gbyl¨Z¡ †Kv_vq _v‡K?Ó Bnv ewjqvB AvRi †`vjvqgvb LoM Uvwbqv jBqv
n¯— D‡Ëvjb Kwi‡jb|

c‡ii Rb¨− we‡kl LwÊZ g¯—‡Ki Rb¨− AvRi, ü`‡qi ü`q, AvÍvi AvvÍ, cÖv‡Yi
cÖvY, †R¨ôcy‡Îi MÖxev j‡¶¨ LoM D‡Ëvjb Kwi‡jb| wcZvi n¯— D‡Ëvj‡bi
Bw½Z †`wLqv mvqv` MÖxev bZ Kwi‡jb, AvR‡ii ¯¿x P¶z gyw`Z Kwi‡jb| Kwei
Kíbv AvuwL avuav jvwMqv eÜ nBj| mZy ivs wK NwUj wK nBj, †jLbx Zvnv cÖKvk
Kwi‡Z cvwij bv|

mvi-ms‡¶‡c 28

Kvievjvi ci

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

AvR‡ii Dc‡`k I hwy ³cY~ © K_v ï‡b mxgvi ¶zä n‡jv| †m g‡b Ki‡jv, UvKvi †jv‡f AvRi †nv‡m‡bi wQbwœ ki
†i‡L w`‡Z Pvb| AvRi kc_ K‡i ej‡jb †h †nv‡m‡bi gv_v `v‡g‡¯‹ wb‡q hvIqvi †Kv‡bv B”QvB Zvui †bB|
wKš‘ mxgv‡ii fzj aviYv fvO‡jv bv| †nv‡m‡bi gv_v bv w`‡j AvRi‡K †m nZ¨v Ki‡e e‡j Rvbv‡jv| AvRi
B”Qv Ki‡jB wZb cÎy ‡K m‡½ wb‡q mxgvi‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ Zv‡Z mZ¨ f½ nq| wZwb wekv¦ m
NvZK n‡q hvb| ZvQvov Ah_v bi nZ¨vi cvcI n‡e| ZvB ¯x¿ cy‡Îi m‡½ civgk© K‡i AvRi wb‡Ri gv_v
†`qvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| †Q‡j‡K ej‡jb, Zvi gv_v †K‡U mxgv‡ii nv‡Z w`‡Z| Zvici hZœ K‡i †nv‡m‡bi gv_v
Kvievjvq wb‡q †h‡bv g‡„ Zi mrKvi Kiv nq| GK_v ï‡b AvR‡ii e‡ov †Q‡j mvqv` wb‡Ri gv_v DrmM© Ki‡Z
PvB‡jv| †hvM¨cyÎ _vK‡Z wcZvi gv_v †KD KvU‡e GK_v †m gvb‡Z cvij bv| †Q‡ji AvÍZ¨v‡M AvRi g»y
n‡jv| Zv‡K Ges Zvi Rbbx‡K eûevi ab¨ev` Rvbvj| c‡ii Rb¨ Ggb AvÍZ¨v‡MB †h gvbe Rb¥ mv_K© Ges
Ggb cy‡Îi wcZv nIqvI †h K‡Zv e‡ov fv‡M¨i K_v, K‡Zv c‡y Y¨i K_v, Zv †f‡e wb‡R‡K ab¨ g‡b Ki‡jb
AvRi| Zvici cÖwZÁv i¶v Ges †nv‡m‡bi gv_v i¶vi Rb¨ wZwb Amva¨ mvab Ki‡jb| e‡y K cv_i †e‡u a
wb‡Ri nv‡Z Lo‡Mi AvNv‡Z †K‡U †dj‡jb ü`‡qi ü`q, cvÖ ‡Yi cvÖ Y †Q‡ji gv_v|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ¸‡jv cob– I m¤v¢ e¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kiœ DËi †`qv
Av‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h ckÖ œ¸‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1. mxgv‡ii Kv‡Q gbly ¨Z¡ e‡ov bv UvKv e‡ov − mxgv‡ii hwy ³¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLby |
2. †nv‡m‡bi gv_v †i‡L †`qvi Rb¨ AvRi Kx wm×vš— wb‡jb Ges Kx Ki‡jb, ms‡¶‡c NUbvi weeiY wjLyb|
3. gbly ¨‡Z¡i Rb¨ Ges Av`‡ki© Rb¨ G‡Zv e‡ov AvZͨv‡Mi Kvwnbx Av‡M KLb ï‡b‡Qb Kx? G Kvwnbx †R‡b

Avcbvi wK g‡b n‡q‡Q Zvi msw¶ß eYb© v wjLyb|
4. mvqv` wcZv AvRi‡K Kx Kx e‡jwQ‡jb, wb‡Ri fvlvq wjLyb|

cÖkœ : mxgv‡ii Kv‡Q gbly ¨Z¡ e‡ov bv UvKv e‡ov?
DËi\ Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi NvZK mxgvi AvKv‡iB ïay gvbly | gvby‡li ¯v^ fvweK ag© †hgb `qv gvqv †øn ggZv
c‡ivcKvi BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv ¸YB †bB| ZvB gvbly n‡qI †m cï| UvKvi †jv‡f wbôiz Zg KvR Ki‡ZI Zvi
†Kv‡bv Kó nq bv| Zvi g‡Z, UvKvB gvby‡li caÖ vb m¤ú`| UvKv bv _vK‡j mgvR, ¯^RvwZ, fvB †evb Ggb wK
¯x¿ i Kv‡QI gj~ ¨ _v‡K bv| †KD m¤§vbI K‡i bv| UvKv bv _vK‡j ivRvI ivRv‡K †P‡b bv| mvaviY †jvK gvb¨
K‡i bv| wec‡`i mgq Ávb _v‡K bv| Rb¥ †_‡K gZ„ ¨z ch©š— Rxe‡bi mKj chv© ‡qB UvKv c‡Ö qvRb| G RM‡Z
UvKvi †Ljv‡K A¯x^ Kvi Kiv hvq bv| ZvB mxgv‡ii Kv‡Q gvbly ag© wKsev gbyl¨‡Zi¡ †P‡q UvKvi g~j¨ A‡bK
†ewk|

cÖkœ : mvqv` wcZv AvRi‡K Kx Kx e‡jwQ‡jb, ...... wjLby |
DËi\ mvqv` AvR‡ii †R¨ô cÎy | wcZvi Av`‡k© wZwb AbycÖvwYZ| Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki †`‡L wZwbI †kv‡K
`ty ‡L KvZi n‡q c‡ob| biwckvP mxgv‡ii cÖwZ cÖPÊ NY„ v Ges ivM nq Zviu g‡b, wcZvi m‡½ wZwbI cÖwZÁv
K‡ib †h cÖvY w`‡eb Zey †nv‡m‡bi cweÎ wki mxgv‡ii nv‡Z †diZ w`‡eb bv| mxgv‡ii `vwe‡Z AvRi‡K wQbœ
wki †diZ w`‡ZB n‡e| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z AvRi wb‡Ri gv_v †K‡U mxgv‡ii nv‡Z w`‡Z ej‡jb †Q‡j‡`i|
ZLb mvqv` e‡jwQ‡jb †h Zviu v wZb fvB RxweZ _vK‡Z wcZvi gv_v w`‡Z n‡e †Kb? ZvQvov Zviu v wK GgbB
bivKvi cï †h wb‡Ri nv‡Z wcZvi gv_v KvU‡eb? Zv‡u `i Aš‡— i wK wcZ…fw³ †bB? †h wcZvi Rb¨ Zvuiv
RM‡Zi gLy †`‡L‡Qb, gvbly cwiP‡q eo n‡q‡Qb, Zviu Rb¨ cÖvY w`‡Z bv cvi‡j Rxe‡b mnmª waK| mvqv`

M`¨ 29

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

wcZv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, LwÊZ g¯K— †c‡jB hw` mxgvi P‡j hvq, Zvn‡j Awej‡¤^ Avgvi gv_v †K‡U Zv‡K w`b|
†Mvjgvj wg‡U hvK|

cvV 6

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ AvR‡ii AmvaviY mvnm Ges Z¨v‡Mi eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ AvR‡ii ¯x¿ i †kl cwiYvg wK n‡jv Zvi eYb© v wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

Kw¤úZ nBj − †K‡u c DVj| Dt! wK mvnm! wK mn¨¸Y! †`L‡i cvlÊ GwR` †`L, c‡ivcKvi-eª‡Z wcZvi
n‡¯— mšv— ‡bi ea †`L| †`L‡i mxgvi| ZzBI †`L| gbly ¨ Rxe‡bi e¨envi
iwÄZ nBj − iwOb n‡jv| †`L| LoM Kw¤úZ nBj, iwÄZ nBj, c‡ivcKvi, Avi g„Z wk‡ii mrKvi

cy·kvwYZ − cy‡Îi i‡³| †nZz cvÖ YvwaK cy·kvwY‡Z AvR wcZvi n¯— iwÄZ nBj| †jŠnwbwgZ© LoM
AvZ©bv` − KvZi wPrKvi| Kvwu cqv ¯^vfvweK Sb Sb i‡e AvZb© v` Kwiqv DwVj; wKš‘ AvR‡ii i³gvs‡mi
kixi †nwjj bv, wknwij bv− gyLgÊj gwjb nBj bv| ab¨ †i c‡ivcKvi!
ab¨ †i ü`q!
jwy ÉZ nB‡e − MovMwo hv‡e| Gw`‡K mxgvi ekv© n‡¯— ewnfv© ‡M `Êvqgvb nBqv wPrKvi Kwiqv ewj‡Z‡Q,
gnvn‡l© − gnv Avb‡›`| ÒLwÊZ wki n‡¯— bv Kwiqv †h Avgvi m¤§‡y L Avwm‡e, Zvnvi g¯—K aj~ vq jwy ÉZ

KwZ©Z − KvUv| nB‡e|Ó
†kvwYZ iwÄZ − i‡³ ivOv| AvRi LwÊZ wki n‡¯— Kwiqv mxgv‡ii m¤§y‡L Dcw¯Z’ nB‡j mxgvi gnvn‡l©
ea − nZ¨v| wki ekv© i we× Kwi‡Z hvBqv ‡`wLj †h, m`¨ KwZZ© †kvwYZiwÄZ i³aviv
ewnqv cwo‡Z‡Q| mxgvi Avðh©vwš^Z nBqv ewjj, ÒG wK? Zzwg D¤§v` nBqv G
wK Kwi‡j? G g¯K— jBqv Avwg wK Kwie? j¶ UvKv cvÖ wßi Avkvq †nv‡mb-
biwckvP − gvbyl iƒcx wckvP| g¯K— jBqv †Mvcb Kwiqv Kvnv‡K ea Kwi‡j? †Zvgvi gZ biwckvP A_‡© jvfx
bivag − AwZ nxb gvbyl| Z Avwg KLbI †`wL bvB| Avnv! G ewy S †Zvgvi wn‡Zvc‡`k! G eywS †Zvgvi

cÖeÂK − †h cÖZviYv K‡i ev c‡ivcKvi-eªZ! Av‡i bivag! G eywS †Zvi mvaZy v! wK cÖeÂK! cvlÊ! I‡i
VKvq| biwckvP, Avgv‡K VKvB‡Z AvwmqvwQm?Ó
ÒåvZt! Avwg VKvB‡Z Avwm bvB| Zwz g Z ewjqvQ †h LwÊZ g¯—K cvB‡j
`m¨y − WvKvZ| Pwjqv hvB‡e| GLb GwK K_v-GK g‡y L `By K_v †Kb fvB?Ó

gnv‡Mvj‡hvM − Lye †Mvjgvj| ÒAvwg wK Rvwb †h Zwz g GKRb cÖavb `m¨y | UvKvi †jv‡f Kvnvi wK meb© vk
Ab_©K − webv Kvi‡Y| Kwi‡e †K Rv‡b?Ó
webvk − bó| ÒZwz g wK cyY¨e‡j †nv‡mb-g¯K— KvwUqvwQ‡j fvB? g¯K— cvB‡j Pwjqv hvB‡e
K_v wQj, GLb wej¤^ †Kb? Avgvi K_v Avwg i¶v Kwijvg; GLb †Zvgvi
K_v Zzwg wVK ivL|Ó
aZ~ © − PvjvK| ÒK_v KvwU‡j Pwj‡e bv| †h g¯‡— Ki Rb¨ Kvievjv cÖvš—‡i i‡³i †mªvZ
wb¯v— i bvB − QvovQvwo bvB| ewnqv‡Q, †h g¯‡— Ki Rb¨ gnvivR GwR` abfvÊvi Lywjqv w`qv‡Qb, †h g¯—

me©Kwbô − me‡P‡q †Qv‡Uv| ‡Ki Rb¨ PZwz `‡© K Ônvq †nv‡mbÕ nvq †nv‡mbÕ ie DwV‡Z‡Q, †mB g¯—‡Ki
mseiY − `gb| cwie‡Z© G wK? - Bnv‡Z Avgvi wK jvf nB‡e? Zwz g Avgvi cÖ`Ë g¯K—
Avwbqv `vI|Ó

Kvievjvi ci 30

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

fZ‚ jkvqx Kwij − gvwU‡Z ÒfvB! Zwz g, †Zvgvi K_v wVK ivwL‡j bv, BnvB Avgvi `ty L| gvb‡y li Ggb
ïB‡q †djj| ag© b‡n|Ó
mxgvi gnv‡Mvj‡hv‡M cwoj| GKUz wPš—v Kwiqv ewjj, ÒG wki GLv‡b ivwLqv
m‡Rv‡i − †Rv‡ii m‡½| `vI, Avwg LwÊZ g¯K— cvB‡jB Pwjqv hvBe, cby ivq cÖwZÁv Kwijvg| Avb

exi`‡c© − ex‡ii g‡Zv †`wL, Gevi †nv‡mb wki bv Avwbqv Avi wK Avwb‡e? Avb †`wL|Ó
An¼v‡i| AvR‡ii gyLfvi †`wLqv ga¨g cyÎ ewj‡jb, ÒwcZt wPš—v wK? Avgiv mK‡jB
ïwbqvwQ, LwÊZ g¯K— cvB‡jB ˆmwbK-ceÖ i Pwjqv hvB‡e| Aag mš—vb G
myeY©cvÎ − †mvbvi cvÎ| `Êvqgvb nBj, LoM n‡¯— Ki“b, Avgiv evwu Pqv _vwK‡Z gnvciy “l †nv‡m‡bi

Mn„ f¨š‡— i − N‡ii †fZ‡i| wki `v‡g¯‹iv‡Ri µxovi Rb¨ jBqv hvB‡Z w`e bv|Ó
ce~ e© r − Av‡Mi g‡Zv| AvRi cybivq LoM n‡¯— jB‡jb, hvnv nBevi nBqv †Mj| wki jBqv mxgv‡ii
wbKU Avwm‡j mxgvi AviI Avðh©vwš^Z nBqv g‡b g‡b ewjj, ÒG D¤§v` wK
AbyMnÖ − DcKvi| Kwi‡Z‡Q?Ó cÖKv‡k¨ ewjj, ÒI‡n, cvMj! †Zvgvi G cvMjvwg †Kb? Avwg

cvcxqmx − cvcx (gwnjv‡K †nv‡m‡bi wki Pvwn‡ZwQ|Ó
m‡¤^va‡bi kã)| ÒG wK åvZt! †Zvgvi GKwU K_v‡ZI wekv¦ ‡mi †jk bvB, waK †Zvgv‡K!Ó
cby ivq mxgvi ewjj, Ò†`L fvB! Zzwg †nv‡m‡bi wki ivwLqv wK Kwi‡e? G g¯—
†ivlf‡i − Lye iv‡Mi m‡½| ‡Ki cwie‡Z© `By wU cvÖ Y Z Ab_©K webvk Kwi‡j, ejZ Bnviv †Zvgvi †K?Ó
ÒG `By wU Avgvi mš—vb|Ó
cvgi − cvwcô, bxP| c‡o ÒZ‡e Z Zzwg eo aZ~ © WvKvZ! UvKvi †jv‡f Avcbvi mš—vb ¯^n‡¯— webvk
Kwi‡ZQ| wQ wQ! †Zvgvi b¨vq A_-© wckvP RM‡Z Avi †K Av‡Q? Zwz g †Zvgvi
ek©vP¨z Z − ekv© †_‡K c‡y Îi g¯K— N‡i ivwLqv `vI, kxNª †nv‡m‡bi g¯K— Avbqb Ki, bZez v wb¯v— i
hvIqv|

g„wËKvq − gvwU‡Z| bvB|Ó
ÒåvZt! Avgvi M‡„ n GKwU g¯—K e¨ZxZ Avi bvB, Avwbqv w`‡ZwQ, jBqv
AvÍwemRb© − wb‡Ri cÖvY †`qv, hvI|Ó
AvnÍZ¨v Kiv| ÒAv‡i n¨vu n¨vu, †mBwUB Pvwn‡ZwQ, †mB GKwU g¯K— Avwbqv w`‡jB Avwg
GLbB Pwjqv hvB|Ó
`w¶Y n¯— − Wvb nvZ|

†µv‡o − †Kv‡j| AvRi kxNª hvBqv hvnv Kwi‡jb Zvnv †jLbx‡Z †jLv Amva¨| cvVK! †eva nq
wbKU¯’ − Kv‡Qi| eywSqv _vwK‡eb| Gev‡i meK© wbô mšv— ‡bi wki jBqv AvRi mxgv‡ii wbKU
Dcw¯Z’ nB‡jb|
mxgvi †µv‡a Aaxi nBqv ewj‡Z jvwMj, ÒAvwg GZ¶Y A‡bK mn¨ KwiqvwQ|
wckvP! Avgvi mwÂZ wki jBqv ZzB cyi¯‹vi jBwe? Zvnv KLbB cvwiwe bv|Ó
ÒAvwg ciy ¯‹vi PvB bv| Avgvi j¶ j¶ ev j¶vwaK j¶ g‡~ j¨i wZbwU g¯—K
†Zvgv‡K w`qvwQ fvB| Zey Zwz g GLvb nB‡Z hvB‡e bv|Ó
ÒI‡i wckvP! UvKvi †jvf †K mseiY Kwi‡Z cv‡i? †nv‡m‡bi wki ZBz wK
Rb¨ ivwLhvwQm? †Zvi mKjB KcUZv! kxNªB †nv‡m‡bi g¯—K Avwbqv †`|!

ÒAvwg †nv‡m‡bi g¯—K †Zvgv‡K w`e bv− Zzwg Pwjqv hvI|Ó
mxgvi †µv‡a Aaxi nBqv ewjj, ÒZBz g‡b Kwim bv †h, †nv‡mb-g¯—K
gnvivR GwR‡`i wbKU jBqv hvBqv cyi¯‹vi jvf Kwiwe, G hv-G‡Kev‡i
`v‡g‡¯‹ Pwjqv hv|Ó mxgvi m‡Rv‡i AvR‡ii e‡¶ ekv© NvZ Kwiqv f‚Zjkvqx
Kwij Ges exi`‡c© AvR‡ii kqb M„‡ni Øv‡i hvBqv †`wLj, mey Y© cv‡Îvcwi
†nv‡m‡bi g¯—K ¯v’ wcZ iwnqv‡Q, AvR‡ii ¯x¿ LoM n‡¯— Zvnv i¶v
Kwi‡Z‡Qb| mxgvi GK j‡ç M„nvf¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek Kwiqv †nv‡m‡bi g¯K— ce~ ©er
ekvw© e× Kwiqv AvR‡ii ¯x¿ ‡K ewjj, Ò†Zv‡K gvwie bv, fq bvB|Ó

M`¨ 31

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MvÖ g

AvR‡ii ¯¿x ewj‡jb, ÒAvgvi Avevi fq wK? hvnv nBevi nBqv †Mj| G
cweÎ g¯K— i¶vi Rb¨ AvR me©nviv nBjvg Avi fq wK? g‡bi Avkv c~Y©
nBj bv- †nv‡m‡bi wki Kvievjvq jBqv hvBqv mrKvi Kwi‡Z cvwijvg bv,
BnvB `ty L| †Zvgv‡K Avgvi wKQyB fq bvB| Avgv‡K Zzwg wK Afq `vb
Kwi‡e?Ó
ÒwK Afq `vb Kwie? †Zv‡K ivwL‡j ivwL‡Z cvwi, gvwi‡j GLbB gvwiqv
†dwj‡Z cvwi|Ó
ÒAvgvi wK Rxeb Av‡Q? Avwg Z gwiqvB AvwQ| †Zvgvi AbyMnÖ Avwg KLbB
Pvwn bv|Ó
ÒwK, ZzB Avgvi AbMy Ön Pvwnm bv? mxgv‡ii AbyMÖn Pvwnm bv? I‡i cvcxqmx!
ZzB ¯^P‡¶B Z †`wLwj, †Zvi ¯v^ gx‡K wK Kwiqv gvwiqv †dwjjvg| ZzB
¯x¿ ‡jvK nBqv AbMy nÖ Pvwnm bv|Ó
G ewjqv mxgvi ek©vn‡¯— AvR‡ii ¯x¿ i w`‡K hvB‡ZB AvR‡ii ¯x¿ i LoMn‡¯—
†ivlf‡i `vuovBqv ewj‡jb, Ò†`wL‡ZwQm! I‡i cvwcô bivag, †`wL‡ZwQm?
wZbwU c‡y Îi i‡³ AvR G LoM iwÄZ KwiqvwQ, cici AvNv‡Zi ¯úóZ
wZbwU †iLv †`Lv hvB‡Z‡Q| cvgi wbK‡UB Avq, PZ_z © †iLv †Zvi Øviv c~Y©
KwiÓ
mxgvi GKUz mwiqv `vuovBj| AvR‡ii ¯¿x ewj‡jb, Òfq bvB, †Zv‡K gvwiqv
Avwg wK Kwie? Avgvi evwu Pqv _vKv bv _vKv mgvb K_v| Z‡e †`wL‡ZwQ, G
Lo‡M wZbwU cyÎ wMqv‡Q| Avi H ekv© ‡Z ZzB Avgvi Rxebme©¯^ cwZi cvÖ Y
webvk KwiqvwQm|Ó G K_v ewj‡Z ewj‡Z AvR‡ii ¯¿x mxgv‡ii n¯— j¶¨
Kwiqv LoMvNvZ Kwi‡jb| mxgv‡ii n¯—w¯’Z ek©vq evav jvwMqv `w¶Y n‡¯—
AvNvZ jvwMj| ekv© we× †nv‡mb-g¯K— ek©vP¨z Z nBqv g„wËKvq cwZZ
nBevgvÎ AvR‡ii ¯¿x g¯—K †µv‡o Kwiqv †e‡M cvjvB‡Z jvwM‡jb; wKš‘
mxgvi mvaŸx mZxi e¯¿vÂj awiqv m‡Rv‡i †µvo nB‡Z †nv‡mb-wki Kvwoqv
jBj| AvR‡ii ¯x¿ ZLb G‡Kev‡i nZvk nBqv wbKU¯’ LoM Øviv AvwÍemR©b
Kwi‡jb−mxgv‡ii ekv© Nv‡Z gwi‡Z nBj bv| mxgvi ‡nv‡mb- wki c~ee© r ekv© q
we× Kwiqv `v‡g¯‹vwfg‡y L Pwjj|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Av`‡k©i Rb¨ AvRi wb‡Ri nv‡Z Lo‡Mi AvNv‡Z cÖvYwcqÖ cÎy mvqv‡`i gv_v †K‡U mxgv‡ii mvg‡b Avb‡jb|
mxgv‡ii aviYv n‡jv †h AvRi j¶ UvKvi †jv‡f †nv‡m‡bi gv_v †Mvcb K‡i Ab¨ Kv‡iv gv_v †K‡U G‡b‡Qb|
mvqv‡`i KvUv gv_v Zvi mvg‡b †i‡L LwÊZ g¯K— Uv Avb‡Z ej‡jv †m| AvRi wØZxq cy‡Îi gv_v †K‡U
Avb‡jb| GeviI mxgvi Zvi K_v ivL‡jv bv| AvRi‡K cÖkœ K‡i mxgvi Rvb‡Z cvi‡jv †h H `‡y Uv AvR‡ii
c‡y Îi gv_v| G‡Z Zvi g‡bi m‡›`n Av‡iv †ewk n‡jv| wbðq AvRi UvKvi †jv‡fB Ggb Ki‡Qb| AveviI †m
LwÊZ g¯—KUv PvB‡jv| AvRi Gevi Z…Zxq cy‡Îi gv_v †K‡U Avb‡jb| Gevi mxgvi w¶ß n‡q †nv‡m‡bi gv_v
PvB‡j AvRi †mUv w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡jb| mxgvi ek©vi AvNv‡Z AvRi‡K nZ¨v K‡i N‡ii †fZi X‡z K †`L‡jv
†h GUv †mvbvi cv‡Î †nv‡m‡bi gv_v ivLv Av‡Q| Avi AvR‡ii ¯x¿ LoM nv‡Z †mB gv_v cvnviv w`‡”Qb| mxgvi
jvd w`‡q †nv‡m‡bi gv_v Avevi ek©vq †Mu‡_ †dj‡jv| AvR‡ii ¯x¿ ‡K Afq w`‡q ej‡jv †h Zv‡K †m nZ¨v
Ki‡e bv| AvR‡ii ¯¿x N„Yvi m‡½ Zvi `qv cZÖ ¨vL¨vb Ki‡jb| †kv‡K `ty ‡L †µv‡a wZwb LoM wb‡q mxgvi‡K
nZ¨vi Rb¨ †Z‡o †M‡jb| mxgv‡ii Wvb nv‡Z AvNvZI Ki‡jb| ek©vq Mv_u v gv_vUv gvwU‡Z c‡o †M‡jv|
AvR‡ii ¯¿x †mUv Z‡z j wb‡q †`Š‡o cvjv‡Z PvB‡jb| mxgvi Zvui AvPu j †U‡b a‡i †nv‡m‡bi KvUv gv_vUv †K‡o
wb‡jv| nZvk n‡q AvR‡ii ¯x¿ Lo‡Mi AvNv‡Z AvnÍZ¨v Ki‡jb| cÖvY w`‡jb Zey mxgv‡ii nv‡Z gvb w`‡jb bv|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

Kvievjvi ci 32

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ ¸œ ‡jv cob– I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kœi DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h ckÖ ¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. AvR‡ii nv‡Z m`¨ KvUv gv_v †`‡L mxgvi Kx ej‡jv, Zv ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
2. AvR‡ii gyLfve †`‡L ga¨g cyÎ wcZv‡K Kx e‡jwQ‡jb, Zv wjLyb|
3. AvR‡ii ¯¿x mxgvi‡K Kx e‡jwQ‡jb, ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
cmÖ ½ D‡j−L K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b

†h e¨vL¨v¸‡jv wj‡L †`qv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| evwK¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|
K) ÒAvgvi wK Rxeb Av‡Q? Avwg Z gwiqvB AvwQ| †Zvgvi AbyMÖn Avwg KLbB Pvwn bv|Ó
L) ÔGLb wej¤^ †K‡bv? Avgvi K_v Avwg i¶v Kwijvg GLb †Zvgvi K_v Zzwg wVK iv‡Lv|

bgybv DËi
ÔAvgvi wK Rxeb Av‡Q? ............ KLbB Pvwnbv|Õ
DËi : gxi gkviid †nv‡mb iwPZ Ôwelv` wmÜzÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ÔKvievjvi ciÕ M`¨vs‡k G Dw³wU K‡iwQ‡jb
AvR‡ii ¯¿x| Av`k© gvbyl AvR‡ii †hvM¨ ¯x¿ wZwb| Ggvg †nv‡m‡bi cweÎ wQbœ wki Kvievjvq wb‡q mrKvi
Kivi B‡”Q wQ‡jv AvR‡ii cwiev‡ii mK‡ji| ZvB AvRi G‡K G‡K wZb cy‡Îi gv_v †K‡U mxgvi‡K w`‡jb|
wKš‘ mxgvi Zv‡Z ivwR bq| Zvi PvB †nv‡m‡bi gv_vUvB| †mUv w`‡Z A¯x^ Kvi Ki‡j mxgvi AvRi‡K nZ¨v
K‡i| ZviciI AvR‡ii ¯¿x †nv‡m‡bi gv_v w`‡Z A¯x^ Kvi Ki‡j cvlvY biwckvP mxgvi AvR‡ii ¯x¿ ‡K †g‡i
†djvi ûgwK †`q| ZLb AvR‡ii ¯x¿ K_v¸‡jv D”PviY K‡ib|
AvR‡ii ¯x¿ -i ÔgwiqvB AvwQÕ kã `ywUi g‡a¨ d‡z U D‡V‡Q wb`vi“Y gg©hvZbv Ges nvnvKvi| †h my‡Li msmv‡i
¯^vgx cÎy wb‡q Zvui Rxeb wQj cwicY~ ,© †mB Rxe‡bi me ¯^cœ Ges myL Zvui †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB †kl n‡q †M‡Q|
cÖvYvwaK cyÎiv †¯”^ Qvq cvÖ Y w`‡q‡Qb, †cgÖ gq Av`k© Pwi‡Îi ¯v^ gx‡K mxgvi nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Gici Zvui Rxe‡bi
Aw¯Z— ¡B n‡q c‡o‡Q A_n© xb| †e‡u P _vKvi Aej¤b^ , Rxe‡bi Avkv AvKv•¶v, g„Zz¨fq- †Kv‡bvUvB Zviu †bB|
Ggb Ki“Y Ae¯v’ q gvby‡li GKgvÎ Kvg¨ n‡Z cv‡i g„Z¨z | AvR‡ii ¯¿xi †¶‡ÎI ZvB N‡U‡Q| ZvB wZwb
mxgv‡ii AbMy ª‡ni c¯Ö v— e N„Yvi m‡½ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| KviY, †eu‡P _vKvi Abfy eB hvi †bB, Zvui Rb¨
AfqevYxiI †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB| AvR‡ii ¯¿xi Dw³‡Z cvV‡Ki cÖvY û û K‡i I‡V †e`bvq| †Pv‡L bv‡g Ak“Ö i
aviv, Av`‡k©i Rb¨, gvbe a‡gi© Rb¨ G‡Zv e‡ov Z¨v‡Mi `ó„ vš— ¯v’ c‡bi K_v wPiKvj RMrevmx g‡b ivL‡e|

Po‚ vš— gj~ ¨vqb

M`¨ 33

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

wb‡Pi iPbvgj~ K cÖkœ¸‡jv co–b I m¤v¢ e¨-DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kœi DËi wj‡L †`qv
n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h me c‡Ö kiœ DËi wj‡L †`qv nqwb, †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R
wjLyb|
1. †jLK mxgvi‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Kx Kx e‡j‡Qb, Zvi fvev_© ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
2. ms‡¶‡c AvR‡ii PwiÎ eYb© v Ki“b|
3. AvR‡ii ¯¿xi PwiÎ we‡k−lY Ki“b|
ckÖ œ : AvR‡ii ¯¿x PwiÎ we‡k−lY Ki“b|

DËi \ ÒKvievjvi ciÓ M`¨vs‡k AvR‡ii ¯¿x f‚wgKv LyeB Kg| wKš‘ H Aí cwim‡iB AvR‡ii ¯x¿ AmvaviY
PwiÎ D¾j¡ n‡q dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ¯v^ gx Ges wZb cyÎ wb‡q Zvi †Qv‡Uv msmvi, Kvwnbx‡Z h‡ZvUzKz †evSv hvh,
AvR‡ii msmv‡ii mLy I kvwš—i Afve wQ‡jv bv| ¯^vgxi Av`k‡© K wZwb m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| ¯^vgxi mLy `ty L †e`bv
Avb‡›`i mwZ¨Kvi Aswk`vi wQ‡jb wZwb| ¯^vgxi wm×v‡š— Zvui wQ‡jv AMva Av¯v’ | ZvB Avgiv †`wL, AvR‡ii
¯x¿ ¯v^ gx I cÎy ‡`i m‡½ GKgZ n‡q wm×vš— wb‡jb †h Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki Zviu v Kvievjvq wb‡q hv‡eb|
mxgvi‡K wKQy‡ZB w`‡eb bv| Gi Rb¨ cwiev‡i h‡Zv wec`B AvmyK bv †K‡bv Zviu v gv_v †c‡Z wb‡eb| AvR‡ii
¯x¿ wQ‡jb AmvaviY ˆahk© xj Ges Z¨vMx gwnjv| Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi cweÎ wki †i‡L †`qvi Rb¨ Zviu B †Pv‡Li
mvg‡b G‡K G‡K wZbwU †Q‡ji gv_v †K‡U‡Qb AvRi| wZwb wejvc K‡ib wb wKsev ¯v^ gxi Dci ¶äz nb wb|
Amxg ˆa‡h© mg¯— Kó mn¨ K‡i‡Qb| cwÖ ZÁv ivL‡Z wM‡q Zvui ü`‡qi ab cvÖ ‡Yi wbwaiv mevB wbnZ n‡j, evav
w`‡jb bv wZwb GKeviI| Ggb ‰a‡h©i wPÎ Kíbv KivI KwVb|
Z¨v‡Mi gnvb Av`‡k© AvR‡ii ¯x¿ wQ‡jb ¯v^ gx c‡y Îi Abmy vix| B‡”Q Ki‡j wZwb ¯^vgx cy·K Dm‡K w`‡q
mxgvi‡K nZ¨v Kivi civgk© w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb †m c‡_ hvb wb| wekv¦ mNvZKZv Ki‡Z Pvbwb AwZw_i
m‡½| eis †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb Pig AvZͨv‡Mi c_| Ggb KwVb Z¨v‡Mi `„óvš— cw„ _ex‡Z weij| c‡ii Rb¨ wb‡Ri
me¯© ^ Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb wZwb| g‡„ Zi mrKvi Kiv we‡eKevb gvby‡li ag|© Avi †m gvbeag© cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb
meB nviv‡jb| †kvK cÖKvk K‡i Z¨vM‡K †Qv‡Uv Ki‡jb bv| AvR‡ii ¯x¿ i Z¨v‡Mi cwigvc Ki‡ZI Avgv‡`i
ü`q Kv‡u c|
cÖLi Avmͤ§vb‡eva wQ‡jv AvR‡ii ¯¿xi| bivag mxgvi hLb Zv‡u K nZ¨v Ki‡e bv Rvbv‡jv, ZLb wZwb Zvi `qv
cZÖ ¨vL¨vb Ki‡jb N„Yvi m‡½| †h cvl‡Êi Rb¨ Zvui ¯^vgx cyÎ mevB cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb, †m cvl‡Êi `qv ev AbMy nÖ
†bqvi †P‡q g„Zz¨‡KB †kªô †f‡e‡Qb wZwb|
AvR‡ii ¯¿x wQ‡jb mvnmx| ¯v^ gx-cyÎiv wbnZ nIqvi ciI wZwb LÄi nv‡Z †nv‡m‡bi cweÎ wQbœ wki cvnviv
w`w”Q‡jb| wnsmª cï mxgv‡ii nvZ †_‡K H cweÎ gv_v wZwb i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv †R‡bI AvmÍgc©Y K‡ib
wb| mxgvi N‡i X‡z K †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki hLb ekv© q †M‡_ wb‡jv, ZLb AvR‡ii ¯x¿ g‡y L GKevi gvÎ `ty ‡Li kã
D”PviY Ki‡Z ïwb| wZwb e‡jb- GB cweÎ g¯K— i¶vi Rb¨ AvR me©nviv nBjvg, Avi fq wK? g‡bi Avkv
cY~ © nB‡jv bv, †nv‡m‡bi wki Kvievjvq jBqv hvBqv mrKvi Kwi‡Z cwijvg bv, BnvB `ytL|Õ AvR‡ii ¯¿xi G
Dw³i g‡a¨B cKÖ vk †c‡q‡Q Zviu AZzjbxq Av`‡ki© K_v| me nvwi‡qI Zvui `ytL n‡q‡Q cwÖ ZÁv i¶v Ki‡Z bv
cvivi Rb¨| wKš‘ wZwb †kl †Póv Ki‡Z Qv‡ob wb| mxgvi‡K LÄi w`‡q AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb| nZ¨v Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb
bicï‡K| B‡”Q wQ‡jv, mxgvi wbnZ n‡j wZwb Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi gv_v Kvievjvq wb‡q hv‡eb|
cvlvY ü`q mxgvi‡K wZwb nZ¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Lćii AvNv‡Z †nv‡m‡bi gvNvUv ek©v †_‡K L‡y j c‡o
†M‡jv| AvR‡ii ¯x¿ †mB gv_v †Kv‡j Z‡z j wb‡q †`Šu ‡o cvjv‡Z PvB‡jb| wKš‘ mxgvi Zvu‡K a‡i †dj‡jv Ges
†K‡o wb‡jv wQbœ wki| ZLb nZvk n‡q AvR‡ii ¯x¿ c‡o _vKv LoM w`‡q AvNvZ K‡i wb‡Ri cvÖ Y w`‡jb|
c‡ii Rb¨ Ggb wbt¯v^ _© Z¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AvR‡ii ¯x¿ i PwiÎ Avgv‡`i g‡bi Mfx‡i `vM Kv‡U| Ggb gnr I
gvbeZvev`x Pwi‡Îi cÖwZ Avgiv m¤§vb bv Rvwb‡q cvwi bv|

Kvievjvi ci 34

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

cÖkœ : †jLK mxgvi‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Kx Kx e‡j‡Qb, Zvi fvev_© ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
DËi \ welv` wmÜz MÖ‡ši’ ÕKvievjvi ciÕ As‡k mxgvi Pwi‡Îi wbôziZg w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Kvievjvi h×y
Ges nhiZ gynv¤§` (mvt) Gi cvÖ YwcqÖ bvwZ Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi cwievi cwiR‡bi gg©vwšK— g„Zz¨i K_v Av‡Rv
agc© vÖ Y gmy jgvbMY g‡b †i‡L‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi gZ„ ¨z ‡Z Kvievjv cÖvš‡— ii AvKvk evZvm †mw`b
†kv‡K AvKzj n‡q †Ku‡`wQ‡jv| Pviw`K †_‡K †Kej Ônvq †nv‡mb, nvq †nv‡mbÕ k‡ãi wejvc †kvbv hvw”Q‡jv|
Avi AvnZ Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi gZ„ ¨z n‡qwQ‡jv cvlÊ mxgv‡ii Lćii AvNv‡Z| G fqvbK wbôiz Zvi K_v gvbly
†fv‡jwb| †Kv‡bvw`b fzj‡ZI cvi‡ebv| †gvniig gv‡mi †kvK w`e‡m mxgv‡ii cÖwZ bZbz K‡i gvby‡li g‡b
NY„ vi fve Rv‡M|
Kvievjvi †mB gnv‡kv‡Ki NUbvi kZ kZ eQi c‡iI ZvB †jLK gxi gkvii‡di fvlvq mxgv‡ii cwÖ Z
D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q N„Yv Ges wa°vi| mxgvi‡K wZwb cvlY ü`‡qi †jvK e‡j m‡¤v^ ab K‡i‡Qb| KviY gZ„ z¨i ci
c„w_exi me wKQiy m‡½ gvb‡y li †jb‡`b †kl n‡q hvq| gZ„ ¨z gvbyl‡K wKsev g„Z gvby‡li †Kv‡bv A‡½ wbhv© Zb
Kiv ZLb Pig Ab¨vq| †KD Zv K‡iI bv| wKš‘ mxgvi GgbB cï †h †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ g¯—K †m ek©vi AvMvq
†Mu‡_ wb‡q `“ª Z‡e‡M †`Šov‡”Q| †jLK Kíbvq cï mxgv‡ii m‡½ K_v ej‡Z Pvb| wZwb Rvb‡Z Pvb, †K‡bv
Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi cweÎ †`n †_‡K †m gv_v †K‡U‡Q? †K‡bvB ev †m cweÎ gv_v ek©vq †M‡u _ wb‡q †m †`Šu ov‡”Q?
Zvi ¯v^ _© Kx?
GwR‡`i wb‡`‡© k mxgvi cw„ _exi wbôziZg KvR K‡i‡Q| Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi KvUv gv_v GwR`‡K †`L‡Z cvi‡j †m
j¶ UvKv ciy ®‹vi cv‡e| ïaygvÎ A‡_i© †jv‡f mxgvi G N„Y¨ KvRUv K‡i‡Q| †jLK ej‡Qb †h Bgvg †nv‡mb
†Zv mxgv‡ii †Kv‡bv ¶wZ K‡ib wb| Bgvg nvmv‡bi ¯¿x Rqbv‡ei iƒ‡cI †m †gvwnZ nq wb| Zvn‡j †K‡bv †m
Ggb wbgg© AvPiY Ki‡jv Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi m‡½|
†jL‡Ki g‡Z ïay UvKvi †jv‡f mxgvi cï n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB A‡_©i cwÖ Z †jL‡Ki cÖPÊ N„Yvi K_v †h‡bv mxgv‡ii
D‡Ï‡k¨B ewlZ© n‡q‡Q| A‡_©i Rb¨ cw„ _ex‡Z h‡Zv Ab_© N‡U Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi Ki“Y cwiYwZ ZviB GKwU|
A‡_©i Rb¨B Rxe I Rxe‡bi aŸsm nq, m¤úwË bó bq, wcZv cy‡Î kµZv nq, ¯v^ gx ¯¿xi g‡a¨ g‡bvgvwjb¨ nq,
fvB †ev‡b SMov nq, ivRvi m‡½ cÖRvi †Mvjgvj nq, eÜzi m‡½ we‡”Q` nq| wKš‘ ZeyI A‡_©i wK †gvwnbx
kw³! G‡Zv Akvwš—, G‡Zv `ty L Ges G‡Zv Abvm„wó m‡Ë¡I ivRv cRÖ v abx wbab© hyeK eׄ †cÖwgK− mevB A_©
jv‡fi Rb¨ me mgq e¨¯— _v‡K| G A‡_©i Rb¨ Zxi, Zievwi, e›`yK I ekv© i AvNvZI mn¨ K‡i| A‡_i© †jv‡f
gvbly AMva R‡j Wez w`‡Z cv‡i, †Nvi Ai‡Y¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i, cvnv‡oi Po‚ vq DV‡Z cv‡i, i³ w`‡Z cv‡i,
gvsm †K‡U †dj‡Z cv‡i, Ggb wK wb‡Ri RxebUvI wewK‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| AZxZ eZg© vb wKsev fwel¨‡Zi wPš—vI
†jvc cvq G A‡_i© B Rb¨| †hgb N‡U‡Q mxgv‡ii †¶‡Î|
†jLK A_©‡K e‡j‡Qb − KznK| G KznK ev gvqvq c‡o mevB| A‡_i© gvqvq I †gv‡n gvby‡li gvqv `qv †øn
ggZv we‡eK ewy × fv‡jvevmv hyw³ Ávb wPšv— `k©b meB †jvc cvq| gvbly V‡K Zey j¾v ev Aby‡kvPbv nq|
mevi Kv‡Q wb›`vi cvÎ nq Zey `‡g hvq bv| waKZ… e¨w³ wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡m wPwýZ n‡q _vK‡e †R‡bI A_© †jvf
wemR©b w`‡Z cv‡i bv gvbyl| mxgvi Zvi R¡jš— cgÖ vY| G A_©‡jv‡fB Bgvg †nv‡mb‡K mxgvi nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
†jL‡Ki wePv‡i A_I© cvZKx| mxgviI cvZKx| Kwei Kíbv‡ZI G‡`i cvc bv‡gi VvBu nIqv DwPZ bq|

ckÖ œ : ms‡¶‡c AvR‡ii PwiÎ eYb© v Ki“b|
DËi \ ÔKvievjvi ciÕ M`¨vs‡k Avgiv AvRi‡K †c‡qwQ AwZ mvaviY GK M„nx wn‡m‡e| N‡i Zvui wZb cÎy
mšv— b Ges GK ¯x¿ | AvRi G‡Kk¦iev`x bb| nhiZ gny v¤§` †gv¯—dvi wkl¨I bb| A_vr© Bmjvg a‡g© wekv¦ mx bb
AvRi| Zvui M‡„ n bvbv †`e †`exi g~wZ| wZwb †`e †`exi Dcvmbv K‡ib| Lye mv`vgvUvfv‡e Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zv
wZwb| ZvB A¯¿k‡¯¿ mmy w¾Z mxgvi‡K †`‡L wZwb D”Pc`¯’ †Kv‡bv ivR Kg©KZv© †f‡ewQ‡jb cÖ_‡g|
AvRi Ley AwZw_ civqY| hw`I mxgv‡ii ek©vi AvMvq Mv_u v wQ‡jv wQbœ wki, Zey cw_K †h K¬vš— †mUv wZwb
ey‡SwQ‡jb| cw_K hLb Zvui M‡„ n ivZ KvUv‡Z PvB‡jv ZLb AvRi mgv`i K‡i AwZw_‡K Af¨_b© v Rvbv‡jb

M`¨ 35

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MvÖ g

Ges Avkªq w`‡jb| Zvi K¬vwš— `~i Kivi Rb¨ †mev hZœ Ki‡jb| bvbv iKg Lvevi `vevi G‡b ivL‡jb AwZw_i
mvg‡b| fw³i m‡½ Zv‡K LvIqv‡jb Ges M„‡n wekvª ‡gi e¨e¯v’ K‡i w`‡jb|
mvaviY gvbly n‡jI AvRi wQ‡jb mr Ges †KŠZ‚njx| Zvui g‡b †Kv‡bv cvc‡eva wQ‡jv bv e‡jB AwZw_‡K AwZ
mn‡R ckÖ œ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h − AwZw_ †Kv_v †_‡K G‡m‡Qb Ges ekv© q we× gv_vUv Kvi? G Z_¨ Rvbvi
†Kv‡bv c‡Ö qvRb Zviu wQ‡jv bv| wbZvš— †KŠZn‚ ‡ji e‡kB wZwb ekv© q we× wk‡ii cwiPq Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
gaiy e¨envi Ges webq wQ‡jv AvR‡ii Pwi‡Îi Ab¨ `yB ˆewkó¨| mxgvi‡K †Kv‡bv ckÖ œ Kivi mgq wZwb AbygwZ
wb‡q‡Qb Ges ÔgnvkqÕ m‡¤v^ ab K‡i f`ªZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq, †ewk K_v ej‡j A_ev Ab_K©
†KŠZn‚ j cKÖ vk Ki‡j AwZw_ †h‡bv Amšó‘ bv nq †m e¨vcv‡iI m‡PZb wQ‡jb| Bgvg †nv‡m‡bi wQbœ wki
mveav‡b ivLvi civgk© †`qvi mgq ZvB AvRi e‡jb −Avgvi Aciva MÖnY Ki‡eb bv| AwZw_i m‡½ AvR‡ii
Ggb webqx e¨env‡ii Av`k©‡K Av‡Rv Avgiv mK‡jB cÖksmvi `„wó‡Z †`wL|
AvRi wQ‡jb mveavbx Ges `vwqZe¡ vb| AwZw_i j¶ UvKvi wQbœ wki †KD hw` †KŠk‡j wKsev ejcÖ‡qv‡M †K‡o
wb‡q hvq, ZvB wb‡Ri N‡i Zv hZœ K‡i ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| ZvQvov AwZw_ K¬vwši— Kvi‡Y Mfxi N‡y g A‡PZb
n‡jI †KD Zv Pwz i Ki‡Z cv‡i| mZy ivs mveavbx AvRi wQbwœ ki wb‡Ri ZËv¡ eav‡b †i‡L AwZw_‡K ¯^w¯— w`‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| AwZw_i †mev Ki‡jB ïay Pj‡e bv, AwZw_i m¤ú` i¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡I wb‡Ri Kvu‡a wb‡Z n‡e G
wQ‡jv AvR‡ii wPš—v| mvgvwRK Rxe‡b AwZw_ †mevi K`i wPiKvj wQ‡jv, GLbI Av‡Q| wKš‘ AwZw_ †mevq
Zvi Rvb gv‡ji wbivcËvi Rb¨ AvR‡ii †h mZKZ© v Ges `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai cwiPq Avgiv GLv‡b cvB Zv h_v_©
AmvaviY| AwZw_ †mevi Ggb ˆbwZK Av`k© Avgv‡`i Rb¨ `ó„ vš— ¯v’ cb K‡i| Avgiv wb‡R‡`i Rxe‡b G
¸Y¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z cvwi| Zv‡Z DcKZ… n‡ev Avgiv| DcK…Z n‡e mf¨ mgvR| mvaviY M„nx n‡qI AvRi
ZvB AmvaviY GK bxwZevb gvbyl wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i g‡b ¯v’ b K‡i †bq|

cmÖ ½ wb‡`k© K‡i e¨vL¨v wjLby

1. ÔAvgvi wK Rxeb Av‡Q? Avwg †Zv gwiqvB AvwQ| †Zvgvi AbyMnÖ Avwg KLbB Pvwn bv|Õ

fvlv-welqK ckÖ œ

cwVZ iPbvwUi wKQy fvlv-welqK cÖkœ †`qv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy
cÖ‡kiœ DËi wj‡L †`qv n‡q‡Q- †m¸‡jv fvjfv‡e cob– | †h¸‡jv †`qv nqwb- †m¸‡jv wb‡R
wb‡R Ki“b|
1. K‡qKwU ev‡K¨i MVb j¶¨ Ki“b :
K. Kx †jv‡f GZ ·¯— †`Šwo‡ZQ (†`ŠovB‡Z‡Qv/†`Šov‡”Qv)?
L. Zzwg Z Avi Rqvbv‡ei iƒ‡c †gvwnZ nBqvwQ‡j bv (nIwb)?
M. †Zvgvi bvg Kwiqv K_v Kwn‡Z A½ wknwiqv (wkD‡i) I‡V|
N. åvZt, †Zvgvi bvgwU wK ïwb‡Z (ïb‡Z) PvB|
O. mK‡j GKÎ nBqv (n‡q) †kv‡K Kvwu `‡Z (Kv`u ‡Z) jvwM‡jb (jvM‡jb)|
* eÜbx‡Z †`qv wµqvc`¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i evK¨¸‡jv PwjZ fvlvq iPbv Ki“b|

2. GwR‡`i Pwi‡Î cvPu wU we‡klY cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvPu wU evK¨ PwjZ fvlvq iPbv Ki“b (cvV †_‡K we‡klY †e‡Q
wbb)|

3. Dch³y we‡klY e¨envi K‡i AvRi m¤‡^ Ü cvuPwU ckÖ smvi evK¨ iPbv Ki“b|
4. mvaiy xwZi `kwU wµqvc` wjLyb Ges cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i PwjZ iƒcI wjLby (cvV †_‡K †e‡Q wbb)|
mvayixwZi `kwU me©bvg c` wjLby Ges cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i PwjZ iƒcI wjLyb|
6. mvay I PwjZ ixwZi fvlvq ˆewkó¨ Kx Kx?

Kvievjvi ci 36

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

7. `kwU k‡ãi mgv_K© kã wkLby | †hgb
w`bgwb : mh~ ©, iwe, fvb,y Zcb, mweZv, wgwni
Knz K : gvqv, B›`ªRvj, cÖZviYv, Qjbv, †fjwK
wbkv : iRbx, ivwÎ, wbwk, ivZ
AMva : AZj¯úk©, AwZ Mfxi, A‰_, Zj cvIqv hvq bv Ggb Mfxi
wki : gv_v, g¯—K, AMÖ‡`k, DcwifvM, gyÊz
cZÖ z¨l : mKvj, Elv, cÖfvZ, †fvi
Avivabv : Dcvmbv, cR~ v, cvÖ _b© v, Av‡e`b
P¶z : †PvL, †bÎ, †jvPb, Avwu L
†Øl : wnsmv, Cl©v, kµZv, weivM
gp~ : gL~ ,© wb‡ev©a, AÁvb, Awe‡ePK|

8. weovj Zc¯x^ , fÊ, ¸i“, KcU Fwl, ¯v^ _©ci cxi- G¸‡jv wK mgv_©K kã?

9. cvuP ai‡bi weivg wPý e¨envi K‡i cvPu wU evK¨ iPbv Ki“b|

10. `kwU k‡ãi cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q we‡k−lY Kiv n‡jv, cob– Ges wb‡R wb‡R AviI `kwU kã (cvV †_‡K †e‡Q
wb‡q) we‡kl− Y Ki“b|

wcZvi : wcZv+i K_vwUi : K_v+wUi
D`‡i : D`i+G evnv`iy x : evnv`yi+C
gvby‡li : gvbly +Gi Rxeb‡K : Rxeb+‡K
AvÍxqZv : AvÍxq+Zv A_‡© jvfx : A_‡© jvf+C
Kvievjvq : Kvievjv+q cvB‡j : cv+B‡j

11. `kwU †hŠwMK kã wkLby ; wb‡R wb‡R we‡k−lY Ki“b :

cÎy ‡kvwbZ, wn‡Zvc‡`k, ¯‹‡Üvcwi, ivRvwkZª , c‡ivcKvi, Rb¥MnÖ Y, wcZ…fw³, wekv¦ mNvZK, biwckvP, Rxebv‡š—
|
bgby v DËi

4. mvaiy xwZi `kwU wµqvc` :

NwUqv‡Q − N‡U‡Q, †`wLjvg − †`Ljvg

ewjj − ej‡jv Avwmqv − G‡m

Avwbqv − G‡b Kwi‡e − Ki‡e

nBj − n‡jv VKvB‡Z − VKv‡Z

Roy vBj − Ryov‡jv hvDK − hvK

5. mvaiy xwZi `kwU meb© vg c` wjLby |

Zvnv − Zv, Bnv − G

Kvnvi − Kvi GLv‡b − GLv‡b

Zvunvi − Zvui Bnvi − Gi

hvnv − hv Bnviv − Giv

Dnvi − Ii Kvnv‡K − Kv‡K

M`¨ 37

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MÖvg

6. mvay I PwjZ ixwZi fvlvi ˆewkó¨ Kx Kx?
DËi : mg¯— DbZœ fvlviB `ywU iƒc, wjwLZ Ges †gŠwLK| wjwLZ fvlvi Avevi `wy U ixwZ, mvay ixwZ Ges PwjZ

ixwZ| †gŠwLK fvlviI `ywU ixwZ, wkó ev gvbhy³ ixwZ Ges AvÂwjK ixwZ| †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv

†gŠwLK mvay ixwZ †gŠwLK fvlv wkóixwZ
fvlv wjwLZ fvlv PwjZ ixwZ AvÂwjK ixwZ

wjwLZ

mvay fvlvi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
K. ev‡K¨ meb© v‡gi e‡ov iƒc e¨eüZ nq, †hgb; Bnvi, Bnv‡`i, Zvnvi, Zvnvw`‡Mi, BZ¨vw`|
L. ev‡K¨ wµqvi e‡ov iƒc e¨eüZ nq| †hgb; KwiqvwQ‡jv, LvBqv‡Q, cwo‡ZwQ‡jv, cvwi‡e, BZ¨vw`|
M. ev‡K¨ Zrmg ev ¸i“M¤x¢ i k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk| †hgb, g¯K— , ¯‹Ü, n¯—, e¶, BZ¨vw`|
N. ev‡K¨ mgvme× k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk| †hgb; wbKU¯,’ †ivlvwM,œ mßZj, `eª ¨mvgMxÖ BZ¨vw`|

PwjZ fvlvi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
K. ev‡K¨ meb© v‡gi msw¶ß iƒc e¨eüZ nq, †hgb; Gi, G‡`i, Zv‡`i, Zvi, BZ¨vw`|
L. ev‡K¨ wµqvi msw¶ß iƒc e¨eüZ nq| †hgb, K‡iwQ‡jv, †L‡q‡Q, cowQ‡jv, cvi‡e, BZ¨vw`|
M. ev‡K¨ Zrmg k‡ãi e¨envi Kg| †hgb; gv_v, Kvua, nvZ, eyK BZ¨vw`|
N. ev‡K¨ mgvme× k‡ãi e¨envi Kg| †hgb; Kv‡Q, mvZ Zjv, wRwbm, †iv‡li Av¸b, BZ¨vw`|

AviI hv co‡Z cv‡ib
Ôwelv`wmÜÕz, ÔD`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_vÕ, ÔMvwR wgTvi e¯v— bxÕ- G¸‡jv cv‡eb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cKÖ vwkZ
Ôgkviid iPbv m¤v¢ iÕ-Gi wewfbœ L‡Ê|

Kvievjvi ci 38

Av`k© gnvciy “l

†kL Ave`yi iwng

†jLK cwiwPwZ

cwðge‡½i PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi ewkinvU gnKzgvq 1859 mv‡j Rb¥MnÖ Y K‡ib †kL Avãyi iwng| cÖwZKj‚
Ae¯’vi mv‡_ wbiš—i msMÖvg K‡iI c_Ö vMZ wk¶vi †¶‡Î Ley †ewk`~i AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib wb| Z‡e wb‡Ri †Póvq
wZwb †h Ávb AvniY K‡ib Zvui cwigvY Lye Kg wQj bv|
Ebwesk kZvãxi gymwjg evsjvi hy‡M RvZxq mvwnZ¨ m„wói †¶‡Î wZwbB me©c_Ö g ÔmyavKiÕ cwÎKvi gva¨‡g
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymjgvb‡`i ¯^vZš¨ †NvlYv K‡ib| †mKv‡j Zv‡u K †K›`ª K‡iB gymwjg †jLK‡`i myavKi `j
M‡o D‡VwQj, wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb evsjvi gymjgvb wek¦ gymwj‡gi GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| RvwZ wn‡m‡e
gymjgv‡bi GK weivU HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q| ZvB gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g Bmjvwg fv‡ei myôz c‡Ö qv‡Mi †fZi w`‡q mvwnZ¨
mw„ ói mvabv wZwb K‡i‡Qb|
1931 mv‡j wZwb B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|
iPbvejx : nhiZ gny ¤§‡`i Rxeb PwiZ I ag©bxwZ, ÔBmjvg BwZeË„ Õ, ÔBmjvgbxwZÕ (1g I 2q LÊ), Ô†Kvivb I
nvw`‡mi Dc‡`kvejxÕ, ÔbvgvRZË¡ ev bvgvR welqK hwy ³gvjvÕ, ÔnRwewaÕ, Ô†ivRvZË¡Õ, Ô†LvrevÕ, ÔBmjvg ZË¡Õ
cfÖ …wZ eB cÖKvwkZ nq|

fw‚ gKv

ÒAv`k© gnvciy “lÓ cÖeÜwU †kL Avãiy iwn‡gi ÔnhiZ †gvnv¤§‡`i Rxeb PwiZ I agb© xwZÕ MÖš’ †_‡K M„nxZ| G
cÖe‡Ü †jLK hyw³ZK©, m~² we‡k−lYawg©Zv I Av‡eMnxb ms¯‹vig³y `„wó w`‡q nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Gi Rxeb I
Pwi·K Z‡z j a‡i‡Qb|

BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨
1. †jLK-mvsevw`K Avãiy iwn‡gi iPbv, fvlvixwZ, kã I Aj¼vi cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
2. Bmjvg a‡gi© cÖeZK© nhiZ gny ¤§` (m.) Gi cÖwZ †jL‡Ki `„wófw½ I gj~ ¨vqb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡eb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMvÖ g

cvV 1

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ gvbe Rxe‡bi cKÖ …wZ m¤ú‡K© GKwU weeiY wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) †Kb Av`k© gnvciy “l e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~jcvVwU bxi‡e I mi‡e K‡qKevi co–b Ges eSy evi †Póv Ki“b| evgw`‡K KwVb k‡ãi A_©
†`qv Av‡Q| †m¸‡jv †R‡b wbb| GKBfv‡e Ab¨ cvV¸‡jvI co–b|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

Avm½wjáy − mvnPhK© vgx| MÖx‡mi cÖwm× `vk©wbK cwÊZ Avi¯Z‘ j ewjqv‡Qb †h, gvbe ¯^fveZ
Avm½wjáy| gvbe-m„wói Dcv`vb¸wji g‡a¨ †cgÖ GKwU Dcv`vb wQj, Bnv
Awebki¦ − Agi, wPi¯’vqx, mwy bwðZ| †Lv`vZvAvjv gvbe‡K Zvi AvKw… Zi Abiy ƒc m„wó Kwiqv Zvnvi
A¶q|
†`‡ni g‡a¨ AvvÍ cÖ‡ek KivBqv w`qv gvbe‡K AbMy „nxZ Kwiqv‡Qb| G
PZzfz©R − Pvi nvZ| KviYekZ gvbe hLb Awebki¦ RMr nB‡Z bki¦ RM‡Z c`vc©Y K‡i, ZLb
Db¥³y − †Lvjv| †mB †Lv`vZvAvjvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ cÖvß nq| G cw„ _ex †Lv`vZvAvjvi

AcwiYvg`kx© − †h cwiYvg wPšv— AvðhR© bK mw„ ó-‡KŠk‡j cwic~Y|© hw`I gvbevÍv PZfz ©Rz iƒ‡c cÖvPx‡ii g‡a¨
K‡i bv| Ave× nBj, Z_vwc Zvnvi MgbvMg‡bi Øvi Db¥y³ iwnqv‡Q| Zvnvi

msmv‡iv`¨vb − msmviiƒc evMvb| DbœwZgv‡M© Av‡ivnbv_© GKw`‡K †mvcvb‡kYª x msjMœ iwnqv‡Q; hw` †m D`¨g
bki¦ − hv aŸsmcvÖ ß nq, A¯’vqx| mnKv‡i †Póv K‡i, Zvnv nB‡j †Lv`vZvAvjvi AbyM‡Ö n D³ †mvcvb‡kªYx
AwZµgce~ K© Dbwœ Zgv‡M© Av‡ivnb Kwi‡Z m¶g nq| Avevi Ab¨ w`‡K
fecvivev‡i − msmvi mg‡y `ª, Zvnvi Rb¨ AebwZi Øvi i“× iwnqv‡Q, hw` Zvnvi Kcz Öew„ Ë ceÖ j nq Zvnv
GLv‡b cw„ _ex ev ev¯e— msmvi‡K
mg‡y `ªi m‡½ Zjz bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| nB‡j AÁvbZviƒc †jŠnwbwg©Z n¯— D³ Øvi Db¥y³ Kwiqv †`q, ZLb †mB
AcwiYvg`kx© gvbevÍv AebwZi MfxiZg M‡f© wbcwZZ nq| GKw`‡K we‡eK
Rxeb Zix − gvbe Rxebiƒc Zix Hk¦wiK Ávb wk¶v w`qv AvÍv‡K †R¨vwZg©q Kwiqv Zwz j‡Z‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K
ev †bŠKv| Kcz eÖ „wË Amr c‡_ PvwjZ Kwiqv Zvnvi aŸsm mvab Kwi‡Z‡Q| Giƒc fqvbK
Ae¯’vi welq g‡bvg‡a¨ Dw`Z nB‡j Avgiv †Kej ewj‡Z _vwK, nvq, wK
msmM© − ms¯úk©, wgjb| welg e¨vcvi! wK fqvbK ceÖ j Kvj mgcy w¯Z’ !! †n †Lv`vZvAvjv, †Zvgvi
AbyMÖncvÖ ß nIqvI myKwVb!!! Mš—e¨c_ gnvwec`m¼zj! G ceÖ vm¯’vb
cigv_© ZË¡Ávbx − whwb gnvwefxwlKvc~Y©!! Ggb wK, GLv‡b gnvexiMYI wbi“‡Ïk!!! ÁvbxM‡Yi Ávb
cvi‡jŠwKK ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© AwaK jyß! eyw×gvbMY nZeyw×!! weØvbMY weKw¤úZ!!!
Rv‡bb| Giƒc welq mgm¨vc~Y© Ae¯’vq G msmv‡iv`¨v‡b (hvnv‡Z cy®úA‡c¶v KÈK
AwaK) wec`m¼jz RxebvwZevwnZ Kiv mnR e¨vcvi b‡n| G fecvivev‡i
wm×ciy “l − Rxeb I RM‡Zi hLb mK‡jB GKB RxebZix‡Z Av‡ivnYc~eK© Mš—e¨¯v’ ‡b Mgb Kwi‡ZwQ,
inm¨ m¤ú‡K© hviu v mvabv K‡i GKB cÖew„ Ëiƒc cvB‡ji Dci mK‡jiB fimv iwnqv‡Q Ges †k‡l GKB
wmw×jvf K‡i‡Qb Zviu v|

w`e¨P‡¶ − A‡jŠwKK ev ˆ`e
`w„ ó w`‡q|

UxKv ceÖ j aŸsm-SwUKvq D³ Zix gnvKvjmvM‡i wbgw¾Z nB‡e, ZLb ci¯ú‡ii
UvbvUvwb‡Z wewfbœ cKÖ v‡ii msm‡M© Aew¯w’ Z Kwiqv, wec`-Avc`KxY© Ae¯v’ q
MxÖ m − BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨Zg ivóª, ˆahk© xj I K…ZÁ _vwKqv Ges Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv‡` G wec` m¼jz RxebvwZevwnZ
MxÖ m cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi Rb¨ Kiv D`viü`q gnvÍvw`‡Mi Kvh©| ev¯w— eKB ci¯ú‡ii mwnZ wgwjqv wgwkqv

Av`k© gnvciy “l 40

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

weL¨vZ| MÖx‡mi ivRavbx wbg©jfv‡e RxebvwZevwnZ Kiv †Lv`vZvAvjvi c`Ö Ë ¶gZv| BnvB Kvh-©
G‡_Ý| MÖxm wQj cwÊZ, Kkz jZvi Rxeb¯i^ ƒc| PwiÎ MV‡bi m‡½ m‡½ cwievi cÖwZcvjb, mK‡ji
`vk©wbK, Kwe I wkíx‡`i cÖwZ mبenvi Ges mywbq‡g cRÖ vcvjbKv‡h© m¤úY© DËxY© nIqv gnvÁvbxi
jvjbfw‚ g| Kvh©| cigv_©ZËÁ¡ vbx wfbœ Zc¯^x, weØvb, eyw×gvb exiciy “l I wmÜcz yi“lMYI
cwÊZ Avi¯‘Zjz − ÒAvi¯Z‘ jÕ mg¯—B G wel‡q cvVkvjvi wkïw`‡Mi b¨vq AÁ! Giƒc cigv_©ZË¡Ávbx
cÖL¨vZ MxÖ K `vkw© bK gnvciy “l H e¨w³ nB‡Z cv‡ib, hvunv‡Z meÁ© vbx †Lv`vZvAvjvi Amxg
Gwi÷Uj-Gi Aviwe D”PviY| AbMy Ö‡n AbyMn„ xZ Kwiqv‡Qb Ges hvunv‡Z hveZxq m„wó c`v‡_©i ZË,¡ c‡Ö Z¨K
gnvgbxlx `vkw© bK Gwi÷Uj c`v‡_i© cKÖ …Z Ae¯’v w`e¨P‡¶ c`Ö kb© KivBqv‡Qb Ges hvnu vi wbKU cw„ _ex¯’
wLª÷c~e© 384 A‡ã MÖx‡m `vk©wbK cwÊZgÊjxi †kªôZg e¨w³I wkïer AwbfÁ, whwb Avi‡ei Ggb
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Gwi÷Uj Awkw¶Z m¤úÖ`vqmgn~ ‡K me©‡kªô D¤§‡Z cwiYZ Kwiqv‡Qb, wbðqB wZwb
AvVvi eQi eqmKv‡j G‡_Ý †Lv`vZvÕAvjvi †cÖwiZ Av`k© gnvciy “l, Zvnv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n bvB|
hvb Ges cLÖ ¨vZ `vkw© bK
†c‡− Uvi Kv‡Q `x¶v MÖnY K‡i
Zvui wkl¨Z¡ eiY K‡ib|
†c‡− Uvi GKv‡Wwg‡Z wZwb AvU
eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges 335
wLª÷ c~ev©ã †_‡K 323 wLª÷
c~ev©ãKvj ch©š— wZwb G‡_‡Ý
Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Gwi÷U‡ji
g‡Zv cwÊZ cw„ _ex‡Z Ley KgB
Rb¥jvf K‡i‡Qb| `kb© , Kve¨,
BwZnvm, bvUK, Kve¨ZË,¡
†R¨vwZwe`© v¨v, AsKkv¯¿ Áv‡bi
Ggb †Kvb kvLv †bB hv Zvui
nv‡Z cwicY~ Z© v jvf K‡iwb|
Gwi÷U‡ji iwPZ MšÖ ’ msL¨v
m¤ú‡K© bvbv gZ i‡q‡Q|

mvi-ms‡¶c

`vkw© bK Gwi÷Uj e‡j‡Qb gvbyl gvÎB mvgvwRK Rxe| mªóv gvb‡y li g‡a¨ AcY© K‡i‡Qb †cÖg I fv‡jvevmvi
Abyfw‚ Z| Avjv− n gvbyl‡K Zvui cwÖ Zwbwaiƒ‡c cw„ _ex‡Z cvwV‡q‡Qb| wZwb gvb‡y li g‡a¨ w`‡q‡Qb Ávb I AÁZv,
w`‡q‡Qb myceÖ „wË I KzcÖew„ Ë| gvbyl B”QvgZ fvjg›` `yB-B Ki‡Z cv‡i| G c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK ex‡ii c`öjb
nq| weavZvi AbMy Ön cvÖ ß e¨w³ Qvov Avi Kv‡iv c‡¶ mwVK c_ Abmy iY Kiv m¤¢e bq| weavZvi †mB Amxg
AbMy Ö‡ni Av‡jv‡K øvZ n‡qB `wy bqvi ey‡K c`vcY© K‡iwQ‡jb gnvbex nhiZ gyn¤§` (mvt)| Avi‡ei Awkw¶Z
eei© Rb mgwó‡K ZvB wZwb me©‡kªô D¤§‡Z cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb Avj−vni †cwÖ iZ Av`k© gnvciy “l|

Mí 41

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ ¸œ ‡jv co–b I m¤v¢ e¨ DËi wPšv— Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kiœ DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i cob– | †h cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

wb‡P evgcv‡ki ckÖ ¸œ ‡jv co–b Ges Wvb cv‡ki Lvwj RvqMvq ms‡¶‡c DËi wjLyb

cÖkœ DËi
1. Av`k© gnvcyi“l †K ? †Kb Zv‡K Av`k© gnvciy “l ejv 1.

n‡q‡Q?
2. GLv‡b gnvexiMYI wbi“‡Ïk!!! ÁvwbM‡Yi Ávb jyß| 2.

ewy ×gvbMY nZewy ×!! weØvbMY weKw¤úZ!!! †Kb?

cÖm½ wb‡`k© K‡i e¨vL¨v wjLby

†h e¨vL¨v¸‡jv wj‡L †`qv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| evwK¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLyb|

gvbe ¯^fveZ Avm½wjáy|

Ògvbe ¯f^ veZ Avm½wjázÓ Av‡jvP¨ evK¨wU †kL Avãyi iwng weiwPZ ÒAv`k© gnvciy “lÕÕ ceÖ Ü †_‡K M„nxZ
n‡q‡Q| MÖxK `vkw© bK Gwi÷Uj G Dw³†Z gvby‡li wPišb— cÖK…wZ I ¯f^ ve a‡gi© K_v e‡j‡Qb|
gvbly mvgvwRK Rxe| ZvB G c„w_ex‡Z gvbly mgvR, Mn„ BZ¨vw` MVb I cwÖ Zôv K‡i ci¯úi cÖxwZ, fvjevmv I
mngwgZ© vi m‡½ emevm K‡i| gvb‡y li ¯f^ veB n‡”Q A‡b¨i m½ Kvgbv Kiv| gvb‡y li g‡a¨ móª v †h me Dcv`vb
Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb Zvig‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q †cÖg| gvb‡y li g‡a¨ AviI bvbvwea ¸Yvejxi mgšq^ mvab K‡i Avj−vn
Zv‡K cw„ _ex‡Z †ciÖ Y K‡i‡Qb Zvi cÖwZwbwaiƒ‡c| myZivs gvby†l-gvby‡l mvwbœa¨ I ci¯úi cxÖ wZc~Y© mvgvwRK
evuabB gvby‡li wPiw`‡bi ¯^fveag|©

cvV 2

D‡Ïk¨

G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

♦ gnvbexi m‡½ wewe †Lv‡`Rvi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

♦ ZrKvjxb g°v bMixi Ae¯v’ m¤ú‡K© weeiY wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

HKvwšK— − AZ¨waK, c~‡e© Dwj−wLZ nBqv‡Q †h, nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) wbZvš— AfveM¯Ö — wQ‡jb; myZivs
Zvunvi HKvwš—K evmbvm‡ËI¡ wZwb A_© Øviv `xb-`wi`Mª ‡Yi mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Z
GKwbô|

m‡evZ© fv‡e − m¤úYi© ƒ‡c| mg_© nB‡Zb bv; wKš‘ Lvw`Rv wewei mwnZ weevn nBevi ci Zvnu vi †m
A_vf© ve me‡© Zvfv‡e `i~ xfZ‚ nBqv †Mj| Lvw`Rv wewe †hgb Avcbv‡K Zvunvi

Av`k© gnvcyi“l 42

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

DrmM© − wb‡e`b| mewKQy PiYZ‡j DrmM© KwiqvwQ‡jb, †mBiƒc MY¨gvb¨ Kiz v‡qkw`‡Mi mv¶v‡Z ¯^xq
AZjz ab-m¤úwË h‡_”Q e¨envi Kwievi ¶gZvI Zvnu vi Dci AcY©
`~`vš© — − ``~ g© bxq| Kwiqv‡Qb| AZGe `wi`ª nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) Lvw`Rv wewei wecjy ab-m¤úwËi
AwaKvi cÖvß nBqv Zrmgy`q mrKv‡h,© m`byôv‡b I m`‡y χk¨ e¨q Kwi‡Z
üZme©¯^ − hvi jvwM‡jb| wZwb †hgb D”Pgbv wQ‡jb, cig `qvjy †Lv`vZvAvjv Zvunv‡K
AcüZ n‡q‡Q|

Zrmgy`q − †mme| †mBiƒc cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kwi‡jb|

UxKv nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi wcZvgn †gvËvwj‡ei gZ„ ¨z i ci g°vi kvmb msi¶‡Yi
¶gZv Kiz qkw`‡Mi wfbœ wfbœ kvLvi g‡a¨ wef³ nBqv cwoqvwQj| Zvnvi d‡j
†Lv‡`Rv wewe − nhiZ g°v bM‡ii g‡a¨ Akvwš— I AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖej †mªvZ LiZi †e‡M cÖevwnZ
gny ¤§` (m.) Gi abkvjx nBqvwQj| wK ¯^‡`kx wK we‡`kx cvÖ q A‡b‡KiB ab-m¤úwË I A‡bK mg‡q
¯x¿ | wewe †Lv‡`RvB cÖ_g ¯¿x-Kb¨v ch©š— ``y vš© — `my¨Kjz KZK©„ jwy ÉZ nBZ Ges Z`ycj‡¶ A‡bK wbixn
Bmjvg a‡g© wekv¦ m ¯’vcb cw_‡Ki Zß †kvwY‡Z bM‡ii ivRc_mgn~ iwÄZ nBqv cwoZ| GK`v
K‡ib| †nb‡Rjv bvgK GKRb mcy wÖ m× g°vevmx Ave`jy −vn web-R`y vqv‡bi wbKU

hvB‡ZwQ‡jb| wZwb bM‡i c‡Ö ek Kwi‡j ivRc‡_i Dci cÖKvk¨fv‡e Zvnu vi
h_vme©¯^ jwy ÉZ nq| †Rv‡e`v bvgK GKRb e¨emvqx weij cY¨`ªe¨mn g°v
bM‡i Dcw¯Z’ nB‡j Kziq& k-mi`vi Av‡mg-web-I‡qj bvgK GK e¨w³ Zvnu vi
mg¯— `ªe¨ µq K‡ib; wKš‘ µxZ `eª ¨Rv‡Zi g~j¨ wKQy gvÎ bv w`qv Zvnu v‡K
ejce~ K© ZvovBqv †`b| ZLb †Rv‡e`v Ab‡b¨vcvq nBqv ZrKvjxb bvggvÎ
kvmbKZ©vM‡Yi Avkªq MÖnY K‡ib, wKš‘ Zvnv‡Z †Kvb dj nq bvB| wZwb
üZme¯© ^ nBqv g‡bi †¶v‡f I Av‡¶‡c g°vi kvmb¶gZv cfÖ w… Zi wb›`vev`
Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb|

mvi-ms‡¶c
nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) c_Ö g Rxe‡b wQ‡jb AfveMÖ¯|— `wi`ª gvb‡y li cÖwZ ceÖ j fvjevmv I mnvbfy ‚wZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I
wZwb ZLb B”QvgZ `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wewe †Lv‡`Rv‡K we‡q Kivi ci Zviu Afve I `vwi`¨ª `i~ nj| wewe
†Lv‡`Rv Zvui wecyj Hkh¦ © nhi‡Zi PiYZ‡j DrmM© Ki‡jb| nhiZ gny ¤§v` (m.) wecjy abm¤ú` `wi`ª
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ wewj‡q w`‡q mvaviY gvby‡li gZ Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) Gi wcZvgn Avãjy †gvZv‡j‡ei gZ„ ¨z i ci g°vi kvmbKv‡h©i fvi Kiz v‡qk‡`i wewfbœ
†Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ wef³ nq| d‡j g°vi RbRxe‡b †b‡g Av‡m `vi“Y wek•„ Ljv I ˆbivR¨| cÖKvk¨ WvKvwZ I
ivnvRvwbi d‡j gvb‡y mi c‡¶ e¨emv-evwYR¨ KivI KwVb n‡q I‡V|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ ¸œ ‡jv co–b I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kiœ DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ DËi wjLyb
ckÖ œ
1.
1. wewe †Lv‡`Rv Zviu ab m¤úwË Kx K‡iwQ‡jb? 2.
2. g°vi kvmb e¨e¯v’ †Kgb wQj?

Mí 43

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MvÖ g

cvV 3

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ njd-Dj,dhyj m¤ú‡K© GKwU Aby‡”Q` wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ ZrKvjxb g°vevmx‡`i ag‡© eva I ˆbwZKZv m¤ú‡K© GKwU eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© g~jcvV

Dch©ycwi − cici| Dchc©y wi Hiƒc `yBwU NUbvi msev` cvBqv nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) g°v
Kw¯§bKv‡j − KL‡bv| bM‡i kvwš— ¯v’ c‡bv‡Ï‡k¨ nvwkg eskai I Kiz q& k es‡ki c‡Ö Z¨K kvLvi
miy vcvqx − g`¨cvqx| Dch³y e¨w³eM©‡K jBqv 595 wL÷ª v‡ã GKwU mwgwZ MVb K‡ib| G
AvLov − AvÇv| mwgwZi mf¨MY mK‡jB g°vi me©cKÖ vi AZ¨vPvi Akvwš— wbevi‡Yi Rb¨
gw`ivjq − g‡`i Ni| cwÖ ZÁve× nb| gmy jgvb BwZnv‡m G cÖwZÁvB Ôdhjy cwÖ ZÁvÕ (njd&-
Dj-& dhyj) bv‡g AvL¨vZ nBqv‡Q| cÖwmw× Av‡Q †h, ce~ K© v‡j Ring
es‡ki wZbRb m`vkq ciy “l bM‡ii AZ¨vPvi `g‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZÁve×
exfrm KvÊ − fqvbK e¨vcvi| nb, NUbvµ‡g †mB wZbR‡biB bvg dhj wQj| Ôdhj Aviwe e¨vKi‡Yi
wnZKi − g½jKi| eûeP‡b Ôdhjy Õ k‡ã cwiewZZ© nq| H ce~ ©Zb bvg Abymv‡i G

UxKv cÖwZÁviI bvg Ônjd& -Dj-& dhyjÕ ewjqv AwfwnZ|
nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.)-Gi H mwgwZi MVb Øviv cw_K, cwievª RK, ewYK I
njd-Dj&-dhyj − g°vq kvwš— abx-`wi`ª mK‡jiB Avk¼v `i~ xfZ‚ nq Ges g°v bM‡ii g‡a¨
¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) me©‡Zvfv‡e kvwš— ms¯v’ wcZ nq|
595 wL÷ª v‡ã nvwkg I Kiz v‡qk Dcwi-D³ m`bôy v‡bi Rb¨ nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Kziq& kw`‡Mi cÖwZÁvbiy ƒc
es‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K †Mv‡Îi cÖavb Zvnv‡`i mnKvwiZv I mn‡hvwMZv KwiqvwQ‡jb| GZبZxZ wZwb
e¨w³‡`i wb‡q GKwU mwgwZ MVb Kw¯§bKv‡j Zvnv‡`i cÖPwjZ ixwZ-c×wZi Abmy iY K‡ib bvB Ges
K‡ib| G mwgwZi bvg Ônjd-Dj-& KLbI †Kvb cÖwZg~wZi© c~Rv K‡ib bvB, wKsev Kzi&qkw`‡Mi b¨vq
dhyj|Õ cÖwZgw~ Z¸© wj‡K †Lv`vZvAvjv ewjqv m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡ib bvB| G mg‡q
g°v kniwUi Ae¯’v Giƒc †kvPbxq nBqvwQj †h, Zvnv †jLbx‡Z eYb© v
KvevMn„ − gmy jgvb‡`i cweÎ
agM© n„ |

Kiv hvq bv| cweÎ KvevMn„ miy vcvqx gvZvjM‡Yi GK caÖ vb AvLovq
cwiYZ nBqvwQj| †mB mgq KvevMn„ wU `kb© Kwi‡j gw`ivjq ewjqv
AbywgZ nBZ| bMievmx ¯x¿ -ciy “l mK‡jB miy vcv‡b gË _vwKZ| †Kej
GKwU cweÎ-ü`q hyeK `~i nB‡Z H mKj exfrm KvÊ `k©b Kwiqv
biwckvPw`‡Mi Rb¨ me©`v Av‡¶c Kwi‡Zb Ges me©`v Zvnv‡`i Rb¨
welYœ Ae¯’vq Kvjhvcb Kwi‡Zb| Gw`‡K Avevi mvaviY wnZKi Kv‡h©
mK‡ji m‡½ mnvm¨e`‡b wgwjZ nB‡Zb| †Kn wec‡` cwZZ nB‡j
wZwbB mev‡© Mª Zvnv‡K mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Z AMmÖ i nB‡Zb| gvbe mgv‡Ri
g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb Kwiqv Ges me©cÖKvi mvsmvwiK Kv‡h© †hvM`vbce~ ©K
†Lv`vZvAvjvi a¨v‡b wbgMœ _vKv A‡c¶v, iv‡ne ev †hvMx‡`i b¨vq
RbmgvR nB‡Z c„_K nBqv R½‡j ev wMwiMny vq Mgbce~ K© P¶z gwy `ªZ
Kwiqv †Lv`vZvAvjvi a¨v‡b wbgMœ _vKv ZZ KwVb Kvh© b‡n| Giƒc
Ae¯’vq Zvunvi `k ermi KvwUqv †Mj|

Av`k© gnvciy “l 44

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

mvi-ms‡¶c
nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) g°vi mgvR Rxeb †_‡K wek•„ Ljv I ˆbivR¨ `i~ Kivi Rb¨ Ges kvwš— ¯’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
595 wLª÷v‡ã cwÖ ZwôZ K‡ib Ònjd-Dj-& dhyjÕ mwgwZ| nv‡mg I Kiz v‡qk es‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K kvLvi Dch³y
e¨w³‡`i wb‡q wZwb G mwgwZ cÖwZôv K‡ib|
cweÎ KvevMn„ Kziv‡qk‡`i bvbv cKÖ vi `i~ vPvix wµqvK‡gi© d‡j gw`ivj‡q cwiYZ n‡qwQj| ZLb g°vq ¯¿x
cyi“l mK‡jB myivcv‡b Af¨¯— wQj| g°vi Giƒc mvgvwRK AatcZb nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) †K Mfxifv‡e DwØMœ
K‡i Zzjj|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ ¸œ ‡jv co–b I m¤v¢ e¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h ckÖ ¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ

ckÖ œ DËi wjLby
1. Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ Ônjd-Dj-dhyjÕ cwÖ Zôv Kiv n‡qwQj? 1.

2. g°vi mvgvwRK Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj? 2.

cvV 4

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ MRvjj Kvev m¤ú‡K© GKwU Ab‡y ”Q` wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ KvevM„n ms¯‹vi m¤ú‡K© GKwU eY©bv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© gj~ cvV

MRvjj Kvev − Kvev N‡ii `ywU †Kvb †Kvb BwZnvm‡eËv e‡jb †h, Kvevi g‡a¨ `By wU ¯Y^ ©wbwg©Z nwiY
(MRvjj Kvev) wQj| †mB nwiY؇qi D`i g‡a¨ eûgj~ ¨ gwYgvwYK¨ wbwnZ
¯Y^ ©wbwgZ© nwiY|

Kivj − fxlY| wQj| KZK¸wj `ey ©„Ë †jvK †mB mKj eûgj~ ¨ `eª ¨ AvÍmvr Kwievi Rb¨
cÖcxwoZ − wbh©vwZZ| ¸ßfv‡e Kvevi wfwË Lbb Kwiqv Zvnv n¯—MZ K‡i| Z¾b¨ wfwËi cv‡k¦©
nR‡i Av‡mvqv` − Kò… cv_i| GKwU Mfxi MZ© nq, †mB M‡Z© ew„ ói Rj cÖ‡ek Kivq cvÖ Pxi fMœcÖvq nBqv
D‡V| †Kn e‡jb †h, Kvevi Øvi¸wj cvk¯¦© ’ fwz gi mwnZ mgZj Ae¯v’ q wQj
ewjqv e„wó nB‡jB Kvevi g‡a¨ Rj c‡Ö ek KwiZ| Avevi †Kn †Kn e‡jb,
Kvevi †`qvj gvby‡li gv_vi mgvb D”P wQj, Qv` wQj bv| wbæ fw‚ g‡Z G
gmwR` cwÖ ZwôZ _vKvq cvk©¯¦ ’ ce©Z nB‡Z ew„ ó ev eb¨vi Rj MovBqv

Mí 45

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

Avwmqv Kvev gmwR‡`i †`qv‡ji †Mvovq RwgZ, Zvnv‡Z Kvevi †`qvj
fc‚ vwZZ nBevi Dcµg nBqvwQj| G mKj Kvi‡Y Dnv cybtms¯‹v‡ii
Avek¨K nq; wKš‘ cÖ_gZ †KnB Kvevi cÖvPxi fMœ Kwi‡Z mvnm K‡ib
bvB| KviY mK‡jB e‡jb, Ô†Lv`v Mn„ fMœ Kiv gnvcvc|Õ Avevi †Kn †Kn
e‡jb, ÔDnv fvwOqv hLb cby twbgv©Y Kwie, ZLb Avevi cvc nB‡e †Kb?
wKš‘ Giƒc wekv¦ m m‡Ë¡I †KnB cvÖ Pxi fvwO‡Z mvnm K‡ib bvB| Giƒc
†Mvj‡hv‡M cuwPk ermi KvwUqv hvq| Ae‡k‡l mK‡j cÖvPx‡ii wKQy wKQy
Ask wefvM Kwiqv jBqv fvwOqv cybtwbgv©‡Y cÖe„Ë nB‡jb, ÔBnv‡Z hw`
†Kvbiƒc cvc nq, Zvnv nB‡j Avgiv mK‡j H cv‡ci Askx nBe, Avi hw`
cyY¨ nq, Z‡e ZvnvI mgfv‡e cvÖ ß nBe|Õ G welq w¯i’ xK…Z nB‡j mK‡j
Kvev fvwOqv †dwjqv wfwË D”P Kwiqv wbgv©Y Kwi‡Z gb¯’ K‡ib, KviY
Zvnv nB‡j e„wó Rj Avi Mn„ g‡a¨ c‡Ö ek Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv| G wm×vš—
vbymv‡i Kvevi PvwiwU cÖvPx‡ii wbgv©Yfvi Pvwi m¤úÖ`v‡qi Dci Awc©Z nBj|
†ivK‡b (cÖvPxi) nR‡& i Av‡mvqv` nB‡Z †ivK‡b GivKx ch©š— cvÖ Px‡ii
wbgvY© fvi eb~ Ave‡`-gbvd I eb~ Rnivi n‡¯;— †ivK‡b GivKx nB‡Z
†ivK‡b kvgx chš© — eb-~ Avmv`-Beb-Ave‡`j-IRR I eb~ Av`Ïy v‡ii n‡¯—;
†ivK‡b kvgx nB‡Z †ivK‡b nR‡& i Av‡mvqv` ch©š— eb~ mvnvgv I eb~ Avw`i
n‡¯— Awc©Z nq|

mvi-ms‡¶c
K‡qKRb `ey ©Ë„ KvevMn„ Lbb K‡i †mvbvi nwiY `wy U Pwz i K‡i| Kvev M„‡ni cybt ms¯‹v‡ii mgq g°vi wewfbœ
†Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ Kjn †`Lv †`q| Gfv‡e cuwPk eQi †K‡U hvq| PviwU †MvÎ c‡i mevB wg‡j cby t ms¯‹v‡ii Kv‡R
nvZ †`q|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ ¸œ ‡jv co–b I m¤v¢ e¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ DËi wjLyb
1.
cÖkœ
1. MRvjj Kvev Kx?

2. KvevM„n cby tms¯‹v‡ii c‡Ö qvRb n‡qwQj †Kb? 1.

Av`k© gnvciy “l 46

evsjv c_Ö g cÎ

cvV 5

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ KvevM„‡ni wbgv©Y m¤ú‡K© GKwU Ab‡y ”Q` wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ nhiZ gyn¤§v` (m.) wKfv‡e nR‡i Av‡mvqv` ¯v’ c‡bi Kj‡ni gxgvsmv Ki‡jb Zvi eY©bv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© g~jcvV

ZÏk©b − Zv †`‡L| mK‡j cvÖ Pxi LbbKv‡h© wbh³y nB‡jb| GKw`b GKLvwb cÖ¯—i Lbb Kwiqv evwni
Kwi‡j, Zvnv nVvr MovBqv wMqv ce~ ©¯v’ ‡b cwZZ nBj| ZÏk©‡b mK‡j fvwe‡jb
m¤§wZ − gZ †`qv| †h, †eva nq G Kvh© weavZvi Awf‡cÖZ b‡n| GKRb e‡jb, Ôm`ycv‡q
A‡_vc© vR©b Øviv Kvevi wbgv©YKvh© m¤úbœ Kiv DwPZ|Õ Z¾b¨ mK‡j m`cy v‡q
AY©e‡cvZ − Rjhvb, A_© msMnÖ Kwi‡jb; wKš‘ †Kn cvÖ Pxi Lb‡b cybtceÖ Ë„ nB‡Z mvnm Kwi‡jb bv|
RvnvR| c‡i Ijx`-web-gwMiv kvejn‡¯— AMmÖ i nBqv cvÖ Pxi Lbb Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb;
Zrc‡i Aci mK‡j Zvnvi Abmy iY Kwij| G mg‡q †ivg-bM‡ii GKLvwb
AvK‡& `v`g − (Aviwe kã)
†kvwb‡Zi cÖwZÁv, i³ kc_|

AYe© ‡cvZ †RÏvi ÔwbKU¯’ mgy‡`ª fvwOqv hvIqvq Zvnvi KvV Ijx`-web gwMiv
µq Kwiqv Av‡bb| †mB †cv‡Z eKzg bvgK GKRb eû`kx© †ivgxq wkíx wQj,
†m AwZ K‡ó Zx‡i DcbxZ nBqvwQj| Ijx` Zvnv‡K Avwbqv Kvev wbgv©YKv‡h©
wbh³y Kwi‡jb| Giƒ‡c 605 wLª÷v‡ã Kvevi wbgv©YKvh© †kl nBqv †Mj|

Ae‡k‡l nR&‡i Av‡mvqv`‡K †Kvb e¨w³ wbw`©ó¯v’ ‡b ¯v’ cb Kwi‡e, Bnv jBqv
†Mvj‡hvM Dcw¯’Z nBj| cÖ‡Z¨K `j¯’ †jvK nR&‡i Av‡mvqv`‡K ¯’vcb Kwi‡Z
e¨vKjz nBqv cwoj| †Kn Kvnvi K_vq gbtms‡hvM Kwij bv| Ave`Ïy v‡ii
eskxq †jvKMY cÖwZÁve× nBj †h, ÔAvgv‡`i `j¯’ GKRb RxweZ _vwK‡Z
Ab¨ `j¯’ †jvKw`M‡K G cweÎ Kvh© ‡Kvbµ‡gB m¤úbœ Kwi‡Z w`e bv|Õ G
cÖwZÁv‡K ÔAvK‡& `vÏgÕ A_v©r †kvwY‡Zi cÖwZÁv e‡j| Ae‡k‡l Zzgjy hy× Avi¤¢
nBj| Giƒ‡c wKQy mgq AZxZ nBqv †Mj| Ijx`-web-gwMiv ewj‡jb, Ô Giƒ‡c
weev‡` Ab_©K Avgv‡`i aŸsm nIqv A‡c¶v †Kvbiƒc e‡›`ve¯— Kiv DwPZ|Õ
mK‡j G c¯Ö —v‡e m¤§wZ `vb Kwij| Ijx` ewj‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ AwZ cÖZz¨l eb~-
mvqiv Øvi w`qv evwni nB‡e, †mB e¨w³ Avgv‡`i weev` gxgvsmv Kwiqv w`‡j
Avgiv Zvnvi Dc‡`kvbymv‡i Kvh© Kwie|Õ G K_vq mK‡j m‡~ hv© `‡qi c‡~ e© D³
Øv‡i wMqv ewmqv iwn‡jb| h_vKv‡j †`wL‡Z cvB‡jb †h, nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)
H Øvi w`qv evwni nB‡Z‡Qb| ZLb Zvnu vi eqtµg cqu wÎk ermi wQj| mK‡j
ewj‡jb, Ôgynv¤§` mwy e‡ePK, Bnvi K_v †Kn AMÖvn¨ KwiI bv|Õ Zrc‡i Zvunviv
nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.)-Gi Dci weev` gxgvsmvi fvi w`‡jb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)
mK‡ji wewfbœ gZ keª Y Kwiqv ¯x^ q MvÎ nB‡Z GKLvwb e¯¿ jBqv f‚wgZ‡j we¯—
Z… Kwi‡jb Ges ¯^n‡¯— nR&‡i Av‡mvqv`‡K D‡Ëvjbc~eK© D³ e‡¯¿i ga¨¯‡’ j
ivwLqv ewj‡jb, ÔcÖ‡Z¨K m¤úÖ`v‡qi caÖ vb e¨w³ G e‡¯i¿ †KvY awiqv D‡Ëvjb
Ki“b; Bnv‡Z mKj m¤ú`Ö v‡qiB c‡y Y¨i mÂvi nB‡e|Õ Pvwi `‡ji cÖavb ciy “l
AvZev-Beb-ivweqv, Avey Rgq& v, †nvRvBdv-web-gwMiv Ges Avw`-Beb-q&m
KZK„© cÖ¯i— Lvwb mgfv‡e D‡ËvwjZ nB‡j, †K D³ e¯¿ nB‡Z Zwz jqv Dch³y

Mí 47

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MÖvg

¯’v‡b ¯’vcb Kwi‡e Bnv jBqv Avevi gnv‡Mvj‡hvM Dcw¯’Z nBj| Ae‡k‡l
nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) ¯q^ s H cÖ¯—iLvwb e¯¿ nB‡Z jBqv wbw`ó© ¯’v‡b ¯’vcb
Kwi‡jb| ZLb mgy`q †Mvj‡hvM wgwUqv †Mj| G NUbvq G Bw½Z wQj †h,
GK‡ki¦ ev`-a‡g©i gw›`‡ii cY~ Z© v nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.)-Gi n‡¯— mgvav nBj|
nvw`‡m D‡jL− Av‡Q, Ôbeqy Ziƒc †mŠ‡ai †kl BóK ¯i^ ƒc Avwg|Õ

mvi-ms‡¶c

cvÖ Pxi Lb‡bi mgq we‡iva Dcw¯’Z nq ÔnR‡i Av‡mvqv`Õ bvgK K…ò cÖ¯i— wU h_v¯v’ ‡b ¯v’ cb wb‡q| AwaK cY~ ¨
m‡qi Avkvq G we‡kl cÖ¯i— wU KvevM„‡n ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ c‡Ö Z¨K †MvÎB mgvbfv‡e AvMÖnx| Ae‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K
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GKRb †jvKI RxweZ _vKv chš© — Ab¨ `‡ji †Kvb †jvK cweÎ cÖ¯—i ¯v’ cb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †kl chš© — Iwjw`
web gyMxivi K_vbhy vqx w¯i’ n‡jv †h, ciw`b cZÖ ‚¨‡l eby mvqiv Øvi w`‡q †h e¨w³ c_Ö g †ei n‡eb Zvi gxgvsmv
I Dc‡`kvbymv‡i G cÖ¯—i ¯v’ wcZ n‡e|
NUbvµ‡g ciw`b nhiZ gyn¤§v` (m.) †m Øvi w`‡q †ei nevi mgq Pvi †Mv‡Îi A‡c¶gvb †jv‡Kiv Zv‡u K
we‡ivawU gxgvsmv K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ Ab‡y iva Rvbvb| wZwb Zviu AmvaviY Dcw¯’Z eyw× Øviv Abvqv‡m †m i³¶qx
RwUj mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i w`‡jb| nhiZ gyn¤§v` (m.) Zvui Mv‡qi e¯¿ LÊwU gvwU‡Z wewQ‡q Zvi Ici cÖ¯i— wU
ivL‡jb Ges Pvi‡Mv‡Îi PviRb cÖavb e¨w³‡K e¯w¿ Ui Pvi †Kvbvq aivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvbv‡jb| e¯L¿ ‡Ê iw¶Z
c¯Ö —iwU fw‚ g †_‡K †Zvjv n‡j wZwb c¯Ö i— wU wbR nv‡Z Zz‡j wbw`ó© ¯v’ ‡b ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| G fv‡e cweÎ M‡„ ni
cY~ ©Zv nhiZ gny ¤§v` (m.) Gi nv‡ZB mvwaZ nj|

cvV 6

D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ nhiZ gny ¤§` (m.) `wy f©‡¶i mgq Kx K‡iwQ‡jb †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU eYb© v wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ `ywf©‡¶i mgq PvPv Avey Zvwj‡ei cÖwZ gyn¤§` Kx AvPiY K‡iwQ‡jb Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© g~j cvV
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Z`ewa − ZLb †_‡K| wbR wbR cwievieM© jBqv e¨wZe¨¯,— †Kn KvnviI ZË¡veavb Kiv Z `~‡ii K_v
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cwZZ nB‡Z jvwMj| Giƒc fqvbK mg‡q †mB `qvi mvMi, whwb gnvwePv‡ii
w`‡b ÔD¤§wZÕ ÔD¤§wZÕ ewjqv WvwK‡eb, Zvunvi ü`q weMwjZ nBqv †Mj| wZwb
¯^xq mnawg©bx Lvw`Rv wewei mwÂZ abivwk AKvZ‡i `wi`ªMY‡K weZiY Kwi‡Z
jvwM‡jb| H `vwi`ª¨-`ytL-ccÖ xwoZ `¤úwZ ZLb `wi`Mª ‡Yi wcZvgvZv nBqv
DwV‡jb| Zvnu v‡`iB †øn-`„wó‡Z `wi`wª `‡Mi Abvœ fve `~ixfZ‚ nBqv †Mj,
Abœvfve ewjqv Zvnviv wKQygvÎ Rvwb‡Z cvwij bv|
Avey Zvwje ZLb wbZvš— `vwi`ª¨`kvq wbcwZZ Ges cwievi-‡cvl‡Y wbZvš—
Amg_©| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) beg ermi eq‡m H wcZ…‡e¨i Avk‡ª q wMqv cuwPk
ermi eqtµg ch©š— Zvnu vi ZËv¡ eav‡b wQ‡jb, wZwb G¶‡Y wcZ‡… e¨i H FY

Av`k© gnvciy “l 48

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

cwi‡kva Kwievi Dchy³ mgq ewy Sqv Avey Zvwj‡ei wkïcyÎ nhiZ Avjx‡K
cÖwZcvjbv‡_© MÖnY Kwi‡jb Ges Zvunvi Aby‡iva I AbyKi‡Y Avey Zvwj‡ei Aci
GK cyÎ nhiZ Rvd‡ii cwÖ Zcvjb fvi Zvnu vi Ljy Z− vZ nhiZ AveŸvm MnÖ Y
Kwi‡jb| †Kej Av‡Kj bvgK cÎy wUB Avey Zvwj‡ei wbKU iwn‡jb| Giƒ‡c †mB
gnv`ywf¶© mg‡q Avey Zvwj‡ei mvsmvwiK e¨‡qi A‡bK jvNe nBj| nhiZ Avjx
Z`ewa A‡bK w`b chš© — nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi cwÖ Zcvjbvax‡b wQ‡jb| nhiZ
(m.) cig h‡Zœ Zvunvi jvjb-cvjb Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb|

mvi-ms‡¶c

GK mgq g°v bMix‡Z fqven `wy f©¶ †`Lv †`q| mevB wb‡R‡K wb‡q e¨¯— n‡q c‡o| †KD Kv‡iv g‡y Li cv‡b
ZvKvqwb| nhiZ gny ¤§v` (m.) Zvui mnawg©bx wewe †Lv‡`Rvi mg¯— abm¤ú` AKvZ‡i wewj‡q w`‡jb| G‡Z
gvb‡y li `ytL `vwi‡`ª¨i jvNe n‡jv| `wy f‡© ¶i mgq wcZ…e¨ Avey Zvwj‡ei cwÖ Z K…ZÁZvekZ nhiZ gny ¤§v` (m.)
wcZe… ¨cÎy Avjx‡K cwÖ Zcvj‡bi fvi MÖnY K‡ib|

cvV 7

D‡Ïk¨

G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb−
♦ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) `vm`vmx‡`i cÖwZ †Kgb e¨envi Ki‡Zb Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) †K †Kb mevB ÒAvj-AvgxbÓ e‡j †m m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

kãv_© I UxKv g~jcvV

KY‡© MvPi − †kvbv| Avie‡`‡k `vm`vmx µq-weµ‡qi cÖ_v eûKvj nB‡Z cÖPwjZ wQj Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
msMwZcbœ e¨w³iB `vm`vmx _vwKZ| wKš‘ Avi‡eiv Zvnv‡`i cwÖ Z wbZvš—
Avj-Avgxb − wek¦vmx, `ey ¨© envi, AZ¨vPvi I Drcxob KwiZ| †`‡ki wbqgvbmy v‡i wbixn `vm`vmxMY‡K
mZ¨ev`x|
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¸YMvÖ nxZv − A‡b¨i ¸Y NPy vBevi Rb¨ †Kvbiƒc hZœ ev †Póv K‡ib bvB| nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.)
MÖnY Kivi gh©v`vq| `vm`vmxw`‡Mi cwÖ Z m`q e¨envi I †øn`„wócvZ Kwievi cÖ_g `ó„ vš— c`Ö k©b
K‡ib| BwZnv‡m H NUbv Giƒ‡c Dwj−wLZ nBqv‡Q †h, Rv‡q` bvgK GK Avie
D¤§wZ − Avgvi D¤§Z| − evjK kµ`j KZK„© aZ„ nBqv `vmiƒ‡c weµxZ nq| Lvw`Rv wewei åvZ®… úyÎ
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gnvwePv‡ii w`b
†Kqvg‡Zi w`b|

D³wea − D‡jw− LZ wewa ev Lvw`Rv wewe‡K Dcnvi †`b| cwZcivqYv Lvw`Rv wewe H `vm‡K nhiZ gny v¤§`
gZvbmy v‡i| (m.) †K Zvnu vi cwiPhv© i Rb¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| nhiZ H evj‡Ki cÖwZ GKvš—

†ønciek nBqv Zvnvi jvjb-cvjb Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb Ges Zvnv‡K me©cKÖ vi
¯v^ axbZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zvnvi cwÖ Z nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi †øn I mv`i-
m¤v¢ lYvw` kªeY Kwiqv Avieevmx A‡b‡KB g‡b KwiZ †h, Rv‡q` `vm b‡n-
gyn¤§‡`i cÎy | Rv‡q‡`i wcZv nvwim cy‡Îi mÜv‡b g°vq Avwmqv †`wLj †h,
nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Zvnv‡K `vmZ¡ eÜb nB‡Z gyw³ cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb| nv‡im Bnv
†`wLqv Rv‡q`‡K evwo‡Z jBevi Rb¨ we¯—i cÖqvm cvBj, wKš‘ Rv‡q` nhiZ
gny v¤§` (m.)-Gi †øncv‡k Giƒc Ave× nBqvwQj †h, †m †Kvbiƒ‡c wcÎvj‡q

Mí 49

GBP Gm wm †cvÖ MvÖ g

hvB‡Z m¤§Z nBj bv| G Rv‡q` hve¾xeb nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) Gi wbKU wQj|
Lvw`Rv wewei mwnZ weev‡ni ci cbi ermi Kvj nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) bvbv
mrK‡g© I m`byôvbvw`‡Z AwZevwnZ K‡ib| wZwb Amnvq, `wi`,ª weaev I
wcZg… vZ…nxb evjK-evwjKvM‡Yi GKgvÎ mnvq I Avkqª ¯j’ ¯i^ ƒc nBqvwQ‡jb|
hvnvi †h †Kvb Afve ev Awf‡hvM nDK bv †Kb, †m Zr¶Yvr Zvnv nhiZ gynv¤§`
(m.) Gi KY©‡MvPi Kwi‡j wZwb Awej‡¤^ †m Awf†hv‡Mi cwÖ ZKvi Kwi‡Zb| GRb¨
mK‡j Zvnu v‡K ÔAvj-AvgxbÕ (wekv¦ mx) G †MŠievwš^Z Dcvwa cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj|
wZwb †hw`‡K Pwjqv hvB‡Zb, †mB w`‡KiB H †kYª xi †jvK ÔAvj-AvgxbÕ, ÔAvj
AvgxbÕ ewjqv PxrKvi Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z Zvnu vi wbK‡U hvBZ| wZwb hvnv‡`i wbKU
evj¨Kv‡j jvwjZ-cvwjZ nBqvwQ‡jb, †mB Kziq& k eskxqMYI Zvnu vi ¸YMÖvwnZvq
g»y nBqv Zvnu v‡K D³wea m¤§vwbZ Dcvwa‡Z AvnŸvb Kwi‡Zb| cig Ki“Yvgq
†Lv`vZvAvjv Zvnu v‡K ¯M^ xq© Av‡`‡k f‚wlZ Kwievi c~‡e© Zvnu vi eskaiw`‡Mi Øviv
Zvnu v‡K Giƒc Dcvwa‡Z m¤§vwbZ KwiqvwQ‡jb, hvnv Ab¨ †Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨
`„wó‡MvPi nq bv|

mvi-ms‡¶c

Avie‡`‡k `vmc_Ö v wQj my`xN© Kv‡ji cÖPwjZ wbqg| `vm‡`i cÖwZ Zv‡`i A_k© vjx cÖf~iv cïi gZ wbôzi
Drcxob I AZ¨vPvi KiZ| nhi‡Zi †mev Kivi Rb¨ Rv‡q` bv‡g GKRb µxZ`vm wbhy³ wQj| wZwb Zv‡K
gyw³ w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Rv‡q` nhiZ gyn¤§v` (m.) Gi GZB †ønfvRb wQ‡jb †h wcZv nv‡i‡mi Ab‡y iv‡a wZwb
wcZvi Kv‡Q ch©š— hvbwb| wZwb mvivRxeb nhiZ gyn¤§v` (m.) Gi Kv‡QB wQ‡jb| wewe †Lv‡`Rv‡K we‡qi ci
c‡bi eQi Kvj nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) bvbv m`vbôy v‡b I mrK‡g© AwZevwnZ K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb `wi`,ª weaev I
wcZg… vZ…nxb evjK-evwjKv‡`i GKgvÎ Avkªq¯j’ , wZwb wQ‡jb Avj-Avgxb ev mZ¨ev`x| Zviu wei“×ev`x
Kziv‡qkivI Zvu‡K m¤§vwbZ G Dcvwa‡Z AvnŸvb KiZ|
Avi‡e nhiZ gny ¤§` (m.) cÖ_g `vm`vmx‡`i cwÖ Z m`q e¨env‡ii `„óvš— ¯v’ cb K‡ib|

cv‡VvËi gj~ ¨vqb

wb‡Pi msw¶ß-DËi cÖk¸œ ‡jv co–b I m¤¢ve¨ DËi wPš—v Ki“b| wKQy c‡Ö kiœ DËi †`qv Av‡Q-
†m¸‡jv fvj K‡i co–b| †h ckÖ ¸œ ‡jvi DËi †`qv †bB †m¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R wjLby |

msw¶ß-DËi ckÖ œ
K. Ònjd-Dj-dhjy ej‡Z Kx eSy vq?
L. Kx Kvi‡Y KvevMn„ cybt ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q?
M. ÒnR‡i Av‡mvqv`Ó Kx? GUv ¯’vc‡bi NUbv weeZ„ Ki“b|
N. nhiZ gny ¤§v` (m.) †K Avj Avgxb ejv n‡Zv †Kb?
O. ÒGiƒc Ae¯’vq Zvnu vi `k ermi †K‡U †Mj?Ó| wKiƒc Ae¯’vq Kvi `k eQi †K‡U †Mj?
P. AvK‡Ïvg Kx? G m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c wjLby |
Q. Kvevi cybtwbgv©Y KvR KZ wLª÷v‡ã †kl nq? Kvi ZrciZvq G KvR †kl nq? wbgvZ© v wkíx ‡K wQ‡jb?
S. nhiZ gny v¤§` (m.) Gi wcZvg‡ni gZ„ ¨z i ci g°vi Ae¯’v wKiƒc `vuwo‡qwQj?

Av`k© gnvciy “l 50


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