TEACHER S GUIDE - Word Web Vocabulary

Volume 1 • TEACHER'S GUIDE

TEACHER S GUIDE

dandelion

What’s In a ELEMENTS of WORD WEB
Product Name?
and their symbols

Awesome Application: A word in another language showing a commonality of roots

Bonus Blast: A long word composed of many word parts, such as lithonephrotomy
(litho/nephr/otomy)

Cool Connection: A word not usually recognized as being related to a particular word stem

Delve Deeper: An indication of words or subjects that can be explored further to obtain either more
information or a graphic

Featured Fact: Instead of just an illustrative sentence, a real fact

Idiom: A speech form or expression that cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its
elements, as in “couch potato”

Literary Link: A quotation that shows an application of a word

Periodical Pearl: An example of a word found in a headline or subhead in a newspaper, magazine,
journal or catalog - any form of periodical literature

Real World Word: One of many words, usually in a sequence, that relates to our visual world, includ-
ing acronyms; sports team names; car, van and truck names; foreign words in common English usage;
architectural terms; idioms; colors and patterns; cooking and food terms; election-related words

Root-and-Branch Week: An entire week devoted to one megaword and its many ramifications

Super Sentence: Sentence containing several of the year’s words combined in a sensible and creative
manner

Teaching Tip: For students, a warning about tricky spelling or pronunciation; for teachers, a teachimg
tip or a reminder to monitor student’s participation

Think Link: A question that encourages and challenges students to think creatively; may be used as
a springboard for classroom discussions or left for students to work out on their own

Wicked Word of the Week: One of many words that are interesting, useful and fun to learn

What’s In a (Product) Name?: The connection between word stems and commercial products

Teacher’s Guide, Volume I

by Elinor Miller, M.Ed.

Published by:

“Language is the dress of thought.”
Samuel Johnson

Word Web Vocabulary, subsidiary of
Sage Education Enterprises, Inc.

Box 437
Cummaquid, MA 02637
www.seepub.com

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Elinor Miller was a classroom teacher for more than twenty years be-
fore she founded The Banner School, a private nondenominational elementary and middle school,
in Frederick, Maryland. As a curriculum specialist, she was responsible for the school’s receiving
many grants and statewide recognition for its interdisciplinary curriculum and its social studies
and science programs. Among her successful and effective programs at The Banner School, Elinor
built the foundation for Word Web Vocabulary. In each volume, Elinor demonstrates her knowl-
edge of wildlife, as well as her love for the varied terms she has designated as Real World Words.
She is also a freelance writer whose materials on education, parenting and birdwatching appear in
numerous publications.

Copyright © 1997 by Elinor Miller, M.Ed.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or infor-
mation storage and retrieval systems - without permission of the publisher.

Designed by Elinor Miller
Manufactured in the United States of America

Word Web Vocabulary, its author, and any development sub-contractor do not claim any owner-
ship interest in any trademarks used in this publication except Word Web Vocabulary.

ISBN: 1-69 29 27-00-4

Dear Language Arts Teacher:

We, the designers of Word Web Vocabulary, are pleased that you will be using
our program. You will quickly realize that Word Web is not a new subject to be added to an already filled
curriculum but instead is the catalyst that will integrate and reinforce the contents of your Language Arts
curriculum from the elements of style, mechanics, spelling, grammar, figures of speech and research to the
correlation of words and concepts to literature — regardless of the grade level(s) of your students. In addition,
we believe Word Web will excite you and your students through its many graphics, special features and connec-
tions to the “real world.”

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTENTS

Six lessons comprise a chapter, the first five of which introduce new words, while the sixth is a review. Each
lesson lasts one week. Therefore, the six chapters in each volume cover thirty-six weeks, the length of most
school years. The words related to a root or affix are at multiple levels and are coded. You and each student (and
perhaps the student’s parents) decide the level at which he or she should work. The inside front cover of each
book explains symbols used throughout the volume.

MANAGING EACH LESSON (see flow chart that follows)

At the start of the week and before students open their workbooks, display the upcoming prefix, root or suffix on
the blackboard. Elicit words from your students that are related to this word stem; write them on the board. Then
have students turn to their books to see how many words they already connect to the word stem. Allow time for
students to peruse the words that are defined and to add any new words to the web.

On the second day, clarify and elaborate more fully on the week’s word stem; then introduce and discuss the Real
World Word. Confer about Think Link and Periodical Pearl suggestions. Allocate whatever time you can for
sentence writing. Walk around the room to look over work in progress, making comments and marking any errors
you find (see “Correcting and Grading Students’ Work” below). On the third day, repeat the process with the
Wicked Word of the Week; and on the fourth day, introduce the science or social studies word.

Regarding the latter, every subject in the school curriculum has its own vocabulary and therefore speaks its own
language. Unless you are managing a completely self-contained classroom, maintain regular contact with con-
tent area specialists in science and social studies, so that you can provide lexical support for their topics, which in
Word Web Vocabulary is the fourth word of the week. Students enter these words into their workbooks in the
space provided and utilize them in their sentence writing. (If the science and social studies teachers are unable to
provide you with relevant words, Sage Education Enterprises has a supplement of annotated science and social
studies words.)

Starting with lesson 7, you will find spelling words for all grade levels that are frequent “demons.” Students
should incorporate these words into their writing, and you may decide to dictate sentences that contain these
words as part of the chapter review. On the fifth day review all the week’s words; elicit sentences from students,
especially Super Sentences; ask for research and Periodical Pearl discoveries; discuss Think Links; monitor sen-
tence writing.

Designate class time during the review lesson at the end of each chapter for the correcting and finishing of
sentences and answers to Think Links.

i

STRUCTURING SENTENCE WRITING

At the year’s outset, indicate the number of sentences you want your students to write for each word according to
their abilities and previous experience with Word Web Vocabulary. Generally, first graders, during the first half of
the year, construct sentences orally with the teacher who then writes them on the board. As students gain
proficiency in writing, they copy these into their workbooks. Most first graders can begin independent sentence
writing during the second half of the year. In second grade, most students are able to write two sentences from
their choice of the week's word web; in third grade, three sentences; and in fourth through twelfth, four sentences.
Students also write sentences for each Real World Word and Wicked Word of the Week.

Require students to incorporate words from previous weeks in the current week's sentences, as this type of
continuous review is one of the key reasons why students will learn these words. When writing their sen-
tences, students should use various forms of each word. For example, if "aud-," meaning to hear, were the root,
then students would construct sentences using audible, inaudible, audience, auditory, etc. This basic etymology
will teach students how to decode unknown words. For Wicked Words, they should use verbs in different tenses,
or utilize a noun form, adjective or adverb. You can best decide whether the answers to Think Links count toward
the number of required sentences. As the school year progresses, you may be able to increase the number of
sentences you expect your students to write.

Set aside some time in class for sentence writing and assign some as homework. Older students who have never
been required to do much writing previously may balk at writing vocabulary sentences. You know, however, that
this provision is essential for many reasons that reach beyond the learning of vocabulary words. It is discipline, as
well as an on-going opportunity to apply all skills learned in other language arts lessons (see introductory para-
graph above). Students may incorporate their week's spelling words, if applicable, into their vocabulary sen-
tences. Encourage students to use word processors or typewriters.

CORRELATING THE MANY FACETS OF LANGUAGE ARTS

You, through your students’ weekly sentence writing and answers to Think Links, must take the opportunity to
reinforce, at the appropriate grade level: Grammar and usage [parts of speech, including agreement of pronouns
and antecedents; sentence parts, including agreement of subject and verb; clauses and phrases; simple, compound
and complex sentences; sentence types (declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory)]; mechanics (spell-
ing, capitalization, punctuation, uses of apostrophes); types of writing (narrative, expository, descriptive, persua-
sive); figures of speech (similes, metaphors, personification); inquiry and analysis. Review various types of refer-
ence material they’ll need for Think Links and other research. Utilize the “spelling demons” as reinforcement or
challenges.

To broaden your students’ horizons, help them connect vocabulary words with attributes of characters in litera-
ture (Scrooge, Cinderella, Achilles, Falstaff, Robinson Crusoe) and history (George Washington, Abraham Lin-
coln, Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone, King Arthur) with whom they are familiar. Require students to make such
analogies in their sentence writing.

CORRECTING AND GRADING STUDENTS’ WORK

The burden on you, of course, is correcting your students’ work. Without your feedback, their learning will suffer.
Encourage parents to look over their children's sentences each week and help them with corrections. Be sure to
indicate mechanical errors. Consider giving two grades for each set of sentences: One for the content, the other
for the mechanics. This information is very useful when conferring with parents and for report cards.

ii

The designers of Word Web Vocabulary suggest grading each sentence with a “5” (highest), “4”, “3”, “2”, or “1”
according to the level of thought and effort the sentence shows. For instance, a sentence such as, “A marina is a
boat’s parking place” is a “3” or “4" and is better than, “I saw a marina,” which is only a “1.” “The mariner on
board the submarine used to be a discus thrower in the Olympics" is a “5,” as well as a Super Sentence. (See
Super Sentences below.)

USING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

THINK LINKS AND DELVE DEEPER: (See inside of front cover for definitions of these

elements.) Both of these elements provide opportunities for students to use critical

thinking and research skills, be they in a dictionary, an atlas, an encyclopedia, an almanac or on

the Internet. Use your discretion in deciding how your students should use Think Links and how

you will judge their efforts. Choose one or two Think Links each week as springboards for general classroom

discussion, after which students can write their own responses. Encourage all students to use these component

regularly.

SUPER SENTENCES: Encourage your students to write these sentences that combine several
words from previous lessons in a sensible, not silly, way. (See examples below: The number after
each sentence indicates the grade of the student who wrote the sentence; the boldly printed
words were their vocabulary words, the underlined ones from previous lessons.) Read good examples aloud to
the whole class. Post them on a bulletin board. Publish them in a newsletter.

The Inca raised maize in the glen. (2)

The angler had to forage for night crawlers. ( 3)

The obese hooligan wore an argyle shirt instead of his plaids and tartans. ( 4)

It took a lot of elbow grease for the hooligan to clean the fanlight. (5)

While foraging through trash, the raccoon came upon a paisley glove. (6)

The artificial heart is an innovation of the eighties. (7)

The builders revitalized the church with an Ionic column. ( 8)

PERIODICAL PEARLS: Regardless of their abilities and interests, students can further rein-
force their word study by searching through newspapers and other periodical literature for Periodi-
cal Pearls, cutting these out or downloading them from the Internet, pasting them in their work-
book and sharing them with the class. The surprising frequency of these words rewards and moti-
vates students. Each marking period, collect their workbooks and give one point for each of these examples of
word use. Set a minimum either for all students or for individuals. Be sure that you, too, bring Pearls to class!

Should you ever feel that the management of vocabulary is taking too much of your time, remember that it is not
a separate subject but one that complements and supplements all the elements of your language arts curriculum.
The first year you use the Word Web Vocabulary will be like trying anything new. However, before long you will
see the results both in your students' daily work and on their standardized test scores. You will know you are
involved in a worthwhile experience.

iii

Teacher Flow Chart

DAY I: Introduce Elicit Discuss
PREFIX ➤Prefix, Root, ➤ Student ➤ Think
ROOTS
SUFFIX Suffix Response Links
(FRI/MON)

DAY 2: ➤➤➤➤➤ IntroduceGeneralMonitor
REAL WORLD ➤➤➤➤ Word ➤ Classroom ➤ Sentence

WORD Discussion Writing
(MON/TUES) of TL’s

DAY 3: ➤ Introduce Discuss Monitor
WICKED WORD ➤ TL & ➤ Sentence
OF THE WEEK
Other Writing
(TUES/WED) Elements

DAY 4: ➤ Introduce Discuss & Monitor
SCIENCE AND ➤ Share ➤ Sentence

SOCIAL TL & PP Writing
STUDIES
WORDS

DAY 5: Elicit Monitor
APPLICATION ➤ Sentence
➤ Discuss All ➤ Sentences,
AND Words Internet Writing
DISCUSSION
Discoveries

iv Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

LESSON PREFIX: hemi-, CHAPTER 1
semi-, demi--1 1. Prefix: A word part that is attached in front of a
1 root word, such as “dis-” in disbelieve, to produce a
specific meaning; Root: Part of a word that is the
ASAP -2 basis for broad meaning to which either a prefix or
suffix, or both, is added (affixed); Suffix: A word
asset-3 part attached to the end of a root word
2. Acronym: A word formed from the initial letters
__________ -4 of a name or by combining initial letters or parts of a
series of words
LESSON 3. Wicked Word of the Week: One essential to
growth in language and literacy
2 PREFIX: mono-1 4. Science or social studies word supplied by teacher

WYSIWYG-2 LESSON

vital-3 3 PREFIX: uni--1

__________ -4 TGIF -2

thrifty-3

__________ -4

LESSON PREFIX: bi--1 LESSON PREFIX: di--1

4 5

HOV -2 SUNOCO-2

cascade-3 abate-3

__________ -4 __________ -4

Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition 1

Before the start of the first semiprofessional Lesson 1
lesson, help students be-
come familiar with Word semiannual semiprecious
Web Vocabulary and its
components by studying semipermeable
the elements and their
symbols on the inside of hemisphere
the cover with them.
Read aloud with students demitasse
the general instructions in
their introduction. At this semisweet demi-plié My own word
point, have students close
their workbooks. semitrailer

Before introducing the semiautomatic semiretired semi-, demi- hemicycle semifinal
first prefix to your stu- hemi-
dents, familiarize them My own word
with the concept of pre- semicircle semiformal
fixes, roots and suffixes,
explaining that the origin semicolon
of most of these is from
either Latin or Greek.

semimonthly semiprivate

Allow students to practice

with a common prefix semiweekly
such as “un-” so that they

can see its effect on a root semiconscious demigod
word. Let them “discover”

for themselves the mean-

ing of “un-” (not): un-

aware, unprepared, uncar-

ing, undue, unappetizing, beginner beginner intermediate intermediate hemidemisemiquaver advanced challenge all levels
etc. Solicit more “un-” intermediate advanced
words from the class. If 2

you feel they need more

practice, go around the classroom asking each student to supply an “un-” prefix to alphabetical roots: unassum-

ing, unbeknown, etc., or have groups create their own set of words.

If you feel more work is necessary in this area, try “dis-," which has several meanings (1. separation — apart,
asunder; 2. removal — away, from; 3. negation — undoing, reversal), as another example: disadvantage, disbe-
lief, disqualify, disable, disobey, disarm, etc. If needed, continue with a third prefix, perhaps “re-.”

With students keeping their workbooks closed, you are now ready to present “semi-.” Elicit as many words with
this prefix from the class as they can produce. Repeat the process with “demi-” and “hemi-." Now, students
should open their workbooks. They will quickly see the words with which they are familiar. Go over any words
that they did not suggest.

Acquaint students with the symbols which indicate the various study levels.

2 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

For the first chapter, the semi-, demi-, hemi-: prefixes for “one-half, partly”
challenging words are
separated from the others semi- (L) semisweet: A type of partly-sweet chocolate used
so that they may seem less (all are adjectives unless otherwise indicated) in baking.
overwhelming to any in-
secure student. semiannual (half + year): Occurring or issued twice (each semitrailer (n): A trailer whose wheels are at the rear
half of) a year. The teachers held their semiannual party. half only, with the forward portion being supported by
Solicit other sentences the truck cab or towing vehicle
from students for each of semiautomatic: Partly automatic, as a firearm. The bank
the words. This week will robber used a semiautomatic rifle. semitropical: Florida is a semitropical state.
go more slowly than it will
in the future. semicircle (n): A half of a circle as divided by a diameter; an semiweekly: Occurring each half of (twice) a week
object or arrangement of objects or people in the shape of a demi- (French)
Discuss the Bonus Blast half a circle. adj: semicircular
and encourage students to
try this out on a friend or semicolon (n): A mark of punctuation(;) used to connect demigod (n): In mythology, a male being, often the off-
family member. independent clauses or a long series, composed of the top spring of a god and a mortal, who had part but not all of
half of a colon (:) and a comma the powers of a god; a person who is highly honored or
Explain about the Think revered. Mayor Curley was regarded as a demigod by
Link symbol (the image semiconscious: Only partly conscious (awake). The acci- many Bostonians.
of Rodin’s sculpture dent victim was semiconscious.
called The Thinker). demitasse (half + cup): A small (half-size) cup of strong
Open Think Links to semifinal : A match, a competition, or an examination that black coffee or espresso; the small cup that is used to
classroom discussion. precedes the final one, half-way to the finals serve this drink
Give students, especially
those who are reluctant, semiformal: What sort of semiformal clothes demi-plié (n) ballet: Half a grand-plié, a movement in
ideas on how they can an- ballet that involves bending the knees
swer the questions. Ex- might a person wear to a dance? 1
plain your expectations
for students’ responsibil- semimonthly: Occurring or issued twice a month, as a semi- hemi- (Gr)
ity for Think Links. monthly newsletter or magazine
hemicycle (n): A semicircular hall or room, usually with
Think Link #1 appears at semipermeable: Allowing certain small items to pass through a wide opening from another room
the intermediate level, but but acting as a barrier to others. That semipermeable strainer
students at both the begin- let the sand pass through but caught the gravel. hemisphere (n): A half of a sphere; either the
ner and advanced levels
should try to answer it, semiprecious: A gem, such as an opal, that has commercial northern or southern half of the earth, as divided by the
too. (Answers to Think value but is only partly as rare or expensive as a precious
Links appear at the end of stone such as a diamond equator, or the eastern or western half as divided by a
each chapter.)
semiprivate: Only partly private, such as a hospital room meridian. In which hemisphere do you live?
shared with another patient. How would you describe a
semiprivate conversation? 3

2 Try this on a friend!
semiprofessional: Participating in a sport for pay but only
on a parttime basis

semiretired: A person who is only partly retired from work. hemidemisemiquaver: A musical note that is 1/2 of a 1/2-
Many grandfathers are semiretired.
of a 1/2- of an 1/8- note — in other words, a 64th note!

11
3

Choose certain Think Links as research-and-write assignments.

The Delve Deeper symbol appears with a number of words and acts as a suggestion that some form of research is

possible, not necessarily on the In- ternet. Ask students what else they could find out about words that have the

symbol with them and where they could go for the information — a dictionary, encyclopedia, atlas, almanac or the

Internet.

Explain to your students the requirements you are establishing for their sentence writing. Have them turn the page
in their workbook to see where they can do their writing. Explain that after the first week of school, they will be
required to incorporate words from earlier weeks into their current week’s sentences. Explain Super Sentences. Have
students try a few orally.

Other "semi" words are semiboneless, semiaquatic, semiliterate and semitruthful.

3

On the second class day, ASAP: Acronym meaning As Soon As Possible
in accordance with the
Teacher Flow Chart, in- (pronounce each letter individually)
troduce the second word
of the week, The Real Dad said, “I want you to wash the car A-S-A-P!” The semiprofessional tennis player said he
World Word, which in “Fax it to me ASAP!” would finish the semifinal ASAP, so that he
Chapter One is the first in could get to the semiformal party on time.
a series of acronyms (defi-
nition on page 1). A Su- WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK
per Sentence appears as a
model for those which asset (n): A useful or valuable quality, person, or thing;
students should be en-
couraged to write. Have an advantage or a resource; a valuable item that is owned
students turn the page to
see where they can write Her shiny hair and her personality are her best assets. What is your best personal asset?
their own Super Sen- What is your most valuable (tangible) asset?
tences. Most people keep some of their assets like jewelry 4-7 Are you an asset to your class? Why or why not?
and savings bonds in a bank safety deposit box. What is your school's greatest asset?
On the third day, go over
the Wicked Word of the A popular investment fund is called Asset Manager.
Week and the three sen-
tences that illustrate the MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:
use and meaning of asset.
Students can try out the MY SENTENCES:
Think Links which are in-
tended for all students re-
gardless of the level at
which they work when
studying prefixes, roots
and suffixes.

The publishers of Word

Web Vocabulary strongly

encourage you to main-

tain regular contact with 4
colleagues teaching sci-

ence and social studies. By

supplying students with the fourth word of the week, you provide the necessary lexical support for these topics.

Students utilize these words in their sentence writing in the same way as they do the other lessons’ words.

At this point in the week, go over the Student’s Flow Chart with the class, giving whatever guidance students
need to complete the lesson. Share some Periodical Pearls (being sure that students understand what periodical
publications are) of your own and help students locate the pages in their books where they can place theirs.
(There is room provided at the end of every chapter and, when room allows, on some of the lesson pages.)

"...a gift to each child in the world (would) be a sense of wonder
so indestructible that it would last throughout life..." Rachel Carson

4 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

Repeat the method you monocle monolith Lesson 2
used in Lesson I to intro- monograph monotype
duce the prefix: Start with monogram
the students’ books closed monomial
and solicit as many
“mono” words as they can monaural mononucleosis
provide. If a student
should present a word not My own word
already included in the
lesson, there are two monotony monoxide mono- monoplane monogamy
empty rectangles on the
web entitled “My own
word” which are there for
that purpose. If more than
two such words surface,
there is plenty of blank
space on the web page for
these words.

Go over each word with monoculture My own word
the whole class. This les-
son contains the first Cool monorail monarch
Connection, intended for
students at every level.

Discuss Think Links and monopoly

have a few students at-

tempt answers. At this

point, you and your stu- monotone
dents should be aware of

the level at which they are monk monastery

going to work most com-

fortably. No student beginner beginner intermediate intermediate advanced challenge all levels
above the third grade who intermediate advanced
6

works at the beginner

level should be made to feel inferior or slow; nor should those who can handle the advanced words be able to act

with superiority. Regardless of students' levels, they should be encouraged to study words both above and below

their chosen levels. Not only is it impossible to categorize vocabulary words into cut-and-dried levels, it is a

subjective process, which is why students may appear to operate at disparate levels at different times.

Use Word Web Vocabulary to bring out the best in each of your students. Everyone can be a high achiever with
this program. Request that students share their Super Sentences, or read aloud those you encounter on stu-
dents' pages as you circulate around the room. Encourage everyone to let his eyes roam newspapers, magazines,
and advertising circulars seeking applications of the current and past weeks’ words. Bring your own examples
into the classroom. Create a bulletin board. Make sure each student pastes his finds on spaces provided in the
workbook for Periodical Pearls. Remember, Think Links lend themselves to research-and-write assignments.

5

For students who need mono-: Greek prefix meaning "one"
more challenges, let
them work with “mono- monarch (one + ruler)(n): A single ruler, such as a king or
mania” (one + excessive
concentration on a queen, an emperor or empress. Why is one butterfly
single object or subject).
Have students look the species called a monarch?
word up in the dictionary
and, using sentences, “I am the monarch 8 of the sea , the
give examples. If they
have read Moby Dick, ruler of the Queen’s navy ...” H.M.S. Pinafore. monastery
ask, “What characteris-
tics did Captain Ahab Gilbert and Sullivan from Greek “to live alone.” A house where monks under
display to qualify him as religious vows retire from the world
a monomaniac?” (An- monocle(n): An eyeglass for one eye. The monarch wore a
swer: His obsession with monocle. Challenges for those who want to know more:
killing the renowned
white whale ultimately monogram (one + letter)(n): A design com- monaural (one + ear)(adj): Electronics: Relating to a sys-
caused the demise of posed of one or more letters, typically the ini- tem of transmitting, recording, or reproducing sound in
many men.) tials of a name, used as an identifying mark which one or more sources are connected to one channel

There are apt to be many monoplane (n): An airplane with only one pair of wings (as monoculture (one + culture)(n): The raising of only one
stories about current law- opposed to a biplane) product, as wheat or wool, instead of using the land for a
suits against monopolies, greater variety of crops
such as those filed against monopoly (one + sell)(n): Exclusive possession or control.
Microsoft and Intel. Dis- monogamy (one + marriage) (n): Marriage with one per-
cuss these and bring ar- The Mattel Company has a monopoly on Barbie Dolls. son at a time, as opposed to bigamy and polygamy
ticles to the classroom
both to clarify the topic What is the goal of each player in the game of monograph (one + writing)(n) : A scholarly piece of writ-
and as Periodical Pearls. ing of essay or book length on one, often limited, subject.
Monopoly? She read the monograph on demitasse cups.

9

monorail (n): A one-rail track for wheeled vehicles travel-

ing on it or suspended from it. A monorail runs

through the campus of West Virginia University.

monotone (n): A succession of sounds or words uttered in monolith (one + stone)(n): A large block of stone, often
one tone of voice; sameness or dull repetition in sound, style, one used in architecture or sculpture
manner, or color

monotony (n): One-ness of tone or sound; wearisome
sameness. We suffered through the monotony of the long
lecture, as the speaker droned on and on in a monotone.

monotype (n) Biology: The one member of its group, such as Independence Rock, Wyoming,
a single species that constitutes a genus; a one-of-a-kind print
made by pressing paper against a painted or inked surface a well-known monolith to

travelers on the Oregon Trail

monomial (n) Mathematics: An algebraic expres-

sion consisting of only one term. Can you write an

algebraic monomial? Biology: A taxonomic

name consisting of one word 10

Computer graphics pro- monk mononucleosis (one + nucleus)(n): A medical condition
grams use monotone (a in which there is an abnormally large number of white
grayscale image printed Originally, a man who retired from the world blood cells with one nucleus in the bloodstream
with a single, nonblack and devoted himself to a solitary ascetic life
ink) as a synonym for monoxide (n): An oxide with each molecule containing
one oxygen atom. Carbon monoxide is CO, whereas car-
bon dioxide is CO2.

monochromatic. B & W 7
televisions are mono-

chrome. Monoculture: The growing of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country. We drove through a

monoculture of oil palm trees. monocultural: A single, homogeneous culture without diversity. Iowa is a

monocultural state.

Independence Rock: Fur trappers named this formation on July 4, 1824. On any summer evening in July,
hundreds of emigrants could be found swarming all over Independence Rock, chiseling messages to others follow-
ing behind. Many of the emigrants arrived here on the Fourth of July, and that was cause for celebration. They
baked pies and shared revelry. Emigrant James Nesmith: "Had the pleasure of waiting on five or six young ladies
to pay a visit to Independence Rock. I had the satisfaction of putting the names of Miss Mary Zachary and Miss
Jane Mills on the southeast point of the rocks." Emigrant Margret Hecox: "Being the Fourth of July, we concluded
to lay by and celebrate the day. The children had no fireworks, but we all joined in singing patriotic songs and
shared in a picnic lunch."

6 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

This week’s acronym is a WYSIWYG: Acronym for What You See Is
contemporary computer What You Get, a computer term pronounced “whizzywig”
term. Students probably
encounter it when read- You can easily build a website without know- The weatherman said, “What you see now is
ing computer magazines ing any HTML by using one of the what you’re going to get the rest of the day.”
or descriptions of web- WYSIWYG web-page editors. What you see
page software, and like on the screen is what you will get at your
many other words of its website.
ilk, it has spread into the
general vocabulary. WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK

As you can see, many vital (adj): Necessary to the continuation of life; life-sustaining; full of life;
forms of the word vital are
presented in this lesson, animated. Necessary to continued existence or effectiveness; essential
providing you with an op-
portunity to review parts He has the most vital personality of anyone I know. vitality (n): Vigor; liveliness. That crimson flower is
of speech. She had vital information for the monarch. full of vitality. Although that lady is 90 years old, she
still has lots of vitality!
Many products utilize vi-
tal in their names and ad- Their presence was vital to the success of the plan. vitally (adv): It is vitally important that he get the
vertising. Students should
look for examples, such as Name at least two vital organs found in every message immediately! Name at least three
Lancôme's Vitabolics skin mammal.
care product. 11 things that are vitally important for you to do
The doctor said the newborn baby’s vital signs
Ask students how a mal- were very good. To what was the doctor referring? 12 every day. 15
functioning satellite can
cut vital communication What would the vital signs of a resort area be? revitalize (v): The mayor helped revitalize
links. (It controls many 13 the city. Use revitalization (n) in a sentence.
pagers and access to the In-
ternet, as well as commu- 16
nications between retail- What’s In A
ers, news organizations
and broadcasters.) Vital statistics: Each year my hometown publishes vital sta-

tistics about itself; it publishes the number of births and deaths

during the year. You are applying for a job and are asked for

your vital statistics. What information would you

give? Product Name?
14
Vitalis Hair Product — Blistex Lip Revitalizer
Fire is as vital for some forests as rain.

MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

Challenge advanced stu- 8

dents to figure out how

each of the items in the following Worldwatch Institute report affects the vital signs of the environment: The

world's economic growth; rate of electrical generation from wind versus new nuclear power generation; what

countries produced wheat, especially if this exceeded the U.S.; whether oil producing companies are investing in

wind and solar energy; the impact of the Internet on communications, rate of telephone lines increases, cellular

phones; fire damage to rain forests; global warming; carbon emissions; carbon dioxide concentrations in the

atmosphere and Earth’s average temperature; melting icecaps in the Andes; shrinking glaciers in the Alps and the

breakup of the sea ice around Antarctica; worldwide cigarette production.

“The fresher the stimulus and the more engaged you are, the more impact it has on you,
and the more likely you are to remember it.” Arnold Scheibel

7

While students are look- unique Lesson 3
ing at the web, go over all
the words quickly, always unit unicorn
emphasizing how “one” unicameral
fits in.
E Pluribus Unum Les Etats Unis
Stress often during the
week how to use unique unify
correctly. Have students
listen for the incorrect us- uniform My own word
ages “very or quite unique”
on television or radio. union unite uni- unity
Something is either one of
a kind or it is not; it can- unisex unicycle
not be modified. unison
unilateral My own word
Explain the “what’s-good-
for-one-is-good-for-all” uno
idea behind unisex. Dia-
pers are unisex. What else universe
is unisex?
Los Estados Unidos What’s In A
Throughout the lessons,
Literary Links appear. Unitarian Product Name?
This first one, for united, 10
should generate a short beginner beginner intermediate intermediate advanced challenge all levels
discussion as to what this intermediate advanced
quote refers. Students in
grades 6 and up should be
able to identify the United
States’ civil war.

Cool Connections are in-
tended to be studied by all
ability levels.

Several Awesome Associations occur with this “uni” prefix. Most students today are already familiar with the
phrase, “You are (or I am) numero uno!” Solicit information about the game Uno. How did it get its name?
Both Les Etats Unis and Los Estados Unidos are definitely at the challenging level for most students unless they
are already familiar with French or Spanish.

There are probably more products than presented here that utilize “uni-” or exist as
Awesome Associations (Pizzeria Uno). Have students look for them in advertise-
ments or in groceries and pharmacies. The more you praise these efforts, the more
your students will be inspired to look for examples. If you find students lagging in this
endeavor, you can set up a minimum that you require of everyone. Or, you can give
points for each example with a corresponding grade value for a specified number of
points. Do whatever it takes to motivate your students!

8 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

Uni + verse is perhaps uni-: Latin prefix meaning "one"
one of the more difficult
concepts, as the Latin E Pluribus Unum (Latin motto of the unity (n): The state or quality of being as one; in accord;
meaning for “verse,” turn harmony. Our class worked on the play in unity.
or bend, is more obscure United States of America): E (out of) +
than many other roots. universe (one + turning)(n): All matter and energy,
Pluribus (many)+ Unum (one) = 17 including Earth, the galaxies and the contents of inter-
Depending on the where Out of many, one. Where can one find this motto? galactic space, regarded as one. We must learn not to
you live, Unitarian pollute our universe. universal (adj): The idea of world-
churches may or may not unicorn (one + horn) (n): A fabled crea- wide peace has universal appeal. university: A college
be well known. They are ture represented as a horse with one straight spi- with more than one school in it.
especially widespread in raled horn projecting from its forehead. Many
New England. Unitar- Medieval people believed in unicorns.
ian is an extension of
unitary, meaning not di- unicycle (n): A vehicle consisting of a frame mounted
vided, integrated. over one wheel and usually propelled by pedals. The
clown rode a unicycle in the circus.

uniform (one + form) (adj): Always the same; unvaried in

texture, color, or design. The company had a uniform policy Unitarian

about vacations. (n): A distinctive outfit intended to iden- A Christian who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, be-
lieving that God exists only in one person (not three)
tify those who wear it as members of a specific group. Do you

wear a uniform to school or to work? If yes, how do you

feel about it? If not, would you like to wear one?

Why or why not? 18

Unicameral depends on unify (v): To make into or become a unit; consolidate. (n): Uno means one in Spanish. If
students understanding unification; deunification you are "numero uno," who are
that the word camera you?
union (n): Agreement or harmony resulting from the unit-
ing of individuals. (v): unionize 21

means chamber. A judge unique (adj): One of a kind. My bracelet is unique. “The United States” in French: Les Etats Unis;
often says, “Let’s meet in “The United States” in Spanish: Los Estados Unidos
camera.” The camera Can I have a very unique asset?
with which we take pic- 19
tures is based on the prin-
ciple of a chamber. unisex (adj): Designed for, or suitable to, one sex or the other. What’s In A Unisom (sleeping aid):
Elimination or absence of sexual distinctions, especially in Product Name? What does it mean?
Uni + lateral is also dif- dress. I bought a unisex jacket.
22
I get my hair cut in a semiprivate room at a unique
unisex salon that has a monotonous decor.

Can you write your own Super Sentence that uses one
semi- or hemi- or demi- prefix with a mono- and uni- word?

ficult, unless students are 20 Challenges for those who want to know more:
already acquainted with unison (n): When two or more speakers say or sing the same
lateral, as in a lateral words at one time; an instance of agreement or concord. We unicameral (adj): Having or consisting of only one
(sideways) pass in foot- practiced saying the poem in unison. legislative chamber. (See camera on page 132.)
ball or the lateral fins on
a fish. unit (n): A single thing, person or group regarded as one mem- unilateral (adj): One-sided or undertaken by only
ber of a number of groups. We finished the first unit in our one, two or more sides. England and Russia made a
Think Links, Real World spelling book. My office unit is very small. unilateral agreement.
Words and the Wicked
unite (v): To bring together so as to form one whole. reunite

(v); united (adj) “United we stand, divided we

fall.” The Flag of our Union. G. P. Morris. Our

united efforts brought peace. We live in the United States.

Word of the Week 11

present opportunities for

brainstorming and other techniques that al- The Unisphere (one + world / sphere), a 12-story high stain-

low students to hone critical thinking skills, less steel model of the earth, was the symbol of the 1964-65

proving especially valuable for gifted children New York World's Fair. It is still on the site today at Flushing

whose divergent thinking comes to the fore. Meadow Park. The view from the edge of its adjacent pool

gave the observer a view of the world as it would appear from

6,000 miles in space.

9

Grocery ads are a wonder- TGIF: Acronym for Thank Goodness It’s Friday
ful source for your own
thrifty questions, such as As I passed the faculty lounge, I heard someone say, “TGIF!” What is your spin on why so many businesses
“Why is 1 quart of straw- choose TGIF as their name?”
berries @ $1.48 a thriftier I muttered, “I couldn’t agree more.” 23
buy than 1 pound of
strawberries @ $1.28?” WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK
Students will have to
know that a pint is a thrifty (adj): Wisely economical
pound (“A pint’s a pound
the whole world ‘round.”) She is a thrifty person because she wears her clothes out Complete this sentence: She was so thrifty that
and that two pints make before buying new ones, and she uses savings coupons she __________________
a quart. when she buys food. She is well-known for her thriftiness. 27
Which would be the more thrifty purchase:
Have students make up A person who buys a first-class seat on a plane is not thrifty
their own thrifty ques- with money. Some might call him a spendthrift. 28 A can of peas costing 50¢ or those on sale at a
tions. “Which is more “Buy one can, get one free” special if one can
thrifty, ______________ “Poor man,” said I, “you paid too much for your
or ______________?” whistle.” The Whistle. Benjamin Franklin. costs $1?

In addition to discussing Do you believe that Ben Franklin was a thrifty 28 Three boxes of frozen vegetables for $5 or two for
each Literary Link, you person? Why or why not? $3. How much is the difference?
may wish your students to 24
practice their handwriting 28 Yogurt 4 for $2 with a 40¢ coupon (for all 4) I can
by copying these quotes. One of the car rental companies is called Thrifty. Do you double or 5 for $2 and a 20¢ coupon I can triple?
think the name might induce you to rent a car from them?
Are your students Other car rental agencies are called Budget and
writing complete Econo Car. Do they send the same message?
sentences when
they answer Think Links? What is a thrift shop? 25

Are your stu- 26
dents beginning
to write Super MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:
Sentences? Be sure to
share good examples with MY SENTENCES:
the class.
12

“A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanging; it is the skin of a living thought
and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and time in

which it is used.” Oliver Wendell Holmes

10 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

How many Peri- biplane binoculars Lesson 4
odical Pearls have binary
you brought to bicuspid
class this week?
bifocal biceps
YOUR NOTES bilateral
biracial
Use “Your Notes” to
record any interesting biennial bisect My own word
ideas that turned up in a
class, new words that stu- bigamy bivalve bi- billion
dents discovered, or any
sort of information that
will help you and others in
future years.

bicycle bipartisan binomial

bicentennial My own word

bilingual bicolored

What’s In A bicameral

What’s In A

biscuit/biscotti Product Name?
14
Product Name? beginner beginner intermediate intermediate advanced challenge all levels
intermediate advanced

"Education is not to reform students or amuse them or to make them expert technicians. It
is to unsettle their minds, widen their horizons, inflame their intellects, teach them to think

straight, if possible." Robert M. Hutchins

11

Another “bi-” word is bi-: Latin prefix meaning "two"
biathlon, the competi-
tive and Olympic sport bicentennial (two + hundred + year) (n): A 200th anniver-
that combines cross-
country skiing and rifle sary or its celebration. When did the United States
sharpshooting.
celebrate its bicentennial? Has your home town cele-
Students who undertook
“unicameral” in the pre- brated its bicentennial? 29- 30 If yes, when? biscuit/biscotti
vious lesson should not
have difficulty with “bi- bicolored (adj): Having two colors. "The bicol- (n) Twice cooked. Old-fashioned biscuits and Italian
cameral.” Which type of
government does your ored, python rock-snake ..." The Elephant's Child. biscotti are baked two separate times. What’s In A
state have?
Rudyard Kipling. What else can be bicolored? What do you think Bisquick means?
Even though the spelling 31
for “two” in German is
zwei, Zwieback, trans- bicuspid (two + point) (n): Having two points or cusps, as What’s In A 35
lates to “twice baked.” Be the crescent moon; a bicuspid tooth, especially a pre-
sure that students under- molar. I cracked a bi- cuspid when I fell. Product Name?
stand that the vowels
have been reversed in bicycle (n): Write your own definition. Zwiebach: Although the word for two
this word meaning in German is really “zwei,” Zwieback
“two.” Biscuit originally 32 does mean “twice baked.”
referred to bread that was
baked, cut into slices and bifocal (adj): Having two focal lengths, one section that Product Name?
then returned to the
oven until very crisp and corrects for distant vision and another that corrects for near
dry, so that it was baked
twice. Italian biscotti is vision, as eyeglasses. Dad wears bifocals.
made this way.
bigamy (two + marriage) (n): The criminal offense of being Challenges for those who want more:
Encourage stu- married to two people at the same time. bigamist (n): Person
dents to find a who commits bigamy bicameral (adj): Composed of or based on two legislative
Bisquick ad or
box top of their own to chambers or branches. What are the two legislative
add to their Periodical
Pearls. bilingual (adj): Using or able to use two languages, espe- branches of U. S. government? Of British govern-
cially with equal or nearly equal fluency. I am bilungual in
YOUR NOTES English and Spanish. ment? (See camera on pg. 132.)
36

binoculars (two + eyes) (n): An optical device, such as field biceps (n): A muscle with two heads or points of origin.
glasses, designed for use by both (two) eyes at the same time. Where are these muscles found?
Compare to monocular.
37
biennial (adj): Lasting or living for two years; happening
every second year. Some flowers are biennials.

biplane (n): A plane with two sets of wings. The biplane bilateral (adj): Having two sides. The countries made a
sprayed the crops with fertilizer. bilateral agreement.

biracial (adj): Two ethnic races mixed together. Jane and billion (n): An imitation of million. 109=1,000,000,000
Joe have a biracial marriage.

.A binary star (n): A double star whose members revolve
around their common center of gravity
bisect (v): To cut into two equal parts; to split.
Line B bisects line A at point C. B➚

C

bivalve (n): A mollusk, such as an oyster or a clam, that has binomial (two + law) (n) Mathematics: A poly-
nomial with two terms. Write an algebraic binomial.
a shell consisting of two hinged valves. Name 2 more.
38
33 bipartisan (adj): Of, consisting of, or supported by mem-
biweekly (adj): Happening every two weeks OR happening bers of two parties, especially two major political parties.
The president of the U.S. received bipartisan support from
twice a week, a confusing word because it has two different what political parties?

meanings. If you were told you must attend a biweekly 39

meeting, 34 would you know how often it took place?

15

“Most learning experiences produce multiple outcomes.” Ralph Tyler
12 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

Let advanced students HOV: Acronym for High Occupancy Vehicle,
work on the following:
Not everyone, including a car, truck or bus carrying at least two people
some environmentalists,
favors HOV lanes. A re- The main highways leading into and out of most major 40 Why would cities establish HOV lanes? Do
cent news article quoted cities in the United States have special High Occupancy you think creating HOVs is a good idea? Why
a woman who said she is Vehicle (HOV) lanes which allow only those vehicles /why not?
“puzzled” that environ- that have a stated minimum number of occupants (2, 3
mental groups are taking or 4) to use them during the morning and evening rush If you travel where there are HOVs, how
positions against the pro- hours Mondays through Fridays. many occupants must a vehicle have before it
posed HOV lanes “be- can legally drive in a HOV lane?
cause I think we share a
common objective of in- WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK
creasing the use of high-
occupancy vehicles and cascade (n): Waterfall; anything that ripples
reducing dependency on
single-occupancy ve- or showers down in the manner of a waterfall
hicles.” Why might envi-
ronmentalists be opposed We picnicked beside the roaring cascade. The Cascade Mountains are in Washington and Oregon.
to a city adding HOV The snow cascaded off the roof. How might they have gotten their name?
lanes? (Environmentalists Her hair cascaded down her back.
might be concerned if a His books cascaded off the desk. 41 What’s In A
new lane has to be added
for HOV to an existing Why would a manufacturer
highway because that
would destroy more land.) call its dishwashing product

42 Cascade? Product Name?

MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:

MY SENTENCES:

Lead your students into 16
brainstorming all sorts of
uses for cascade, such as YOUR NOTES
cascades of new knowl-
edge, new technology,
new ideas, newly-pub-
lished books. In an elec-
trical sense, cascade
means connected in se-
ries.

Today's Think Links offer oppor-
tunities for research and writing
projects.

Are your students correcting spell-
ing and mechanical errors in their
sentences?

“A new word is a new idea to help you think.” Norman Lewis

13

Remember to re- digraph divide Lesson 5
quire students to
answer Think di- diurnal
Links in complete sen-
tences. Are you grading My own word
them on spelling and the
mechanics of grammar? diverse

YOUR NOTES My own word

dichotomy

Diptera diverge

diploma / diplomat 18

beginner beginner intermediate intermediate advanced challenge all levels
intermediate advanced

“The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.” Ludwig Wittgenstein
14 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

The prefix diplo-, al- di- or dicho-: Greek prefixes meaning
though not in wide us- “two, twice, double, divided”
age, is included in the
hope that sometime in digraph (n): Two letters representing a single speech sound, Challenges for those who want more:
the future, if not now,
students will recall its such as the ph in pheasant or the ea in beat. Name dichotomy (n): Division into two usually contradictory
meaning. parts or opinions. The husband and wife had a real di-
two more digraphs. 43 chotomy about the children's curfew.
Digress (two + step /
walk) is another word for diverge (two + bend)(v): To go or extend in different di- Diptera (two + wing)(n): Order of insects comprising
more able students. the true or two-winged flies (as the housefly), the mos-
rections from a common point. “Two roads di- quitoes, gnats, etc.
Compare diverse with
various words based on verged in a wood, and I — I took the road less
mono- , such as: diverse
colors versus monochro- traveled by ...” The Road Not Taken. Robert Frost. diver-
matic; diverse cultures
versus monocultures gent (adj): Differing from each other or from a standard.
(page 6, teacher's notes).
Give an example of divergent thinking.
The Diptera or true flies
are an amazing order of 44
insects which can be diverse (two + turns)(adj): Differing one from another.
readily recognised in The students had quite diverse ideas about the movie. di-
their adult forms because versify (v): To give variety to; vary. Our teacher diversi-
those which have wings, fied our assignments.
and most of them do,
have only two; all other divide (two + window)(v): 45 When we say "divy up!"
flying insects have four what are we really saying? Why are the Rocky Mountains
wings. In the true flies in the western U.S. often called "The Great Divide"?
the hind wings have be-
come modified into a 46
pair of balancing organs
called halteres. A true fly, a member of the Diptera order
of insects

diploma / diplomat diurnal (adj) (two + lights): Used especially when re-

diploma [diplo (twofold, double)]: A certificate conferring ferring to birds and animals that are active both in the
a privilege or honor; an official document or charter, from
ancient times when a letter or composition on paper or daytime and at night, such as some very northern owls,
parchment was folded in two. diplomat (n): One, such as
an ambassador, who uses skill and tact in dealing with oth- rabbits and other mammals. Why must some
ers, especially in relations with other governments
wildlife be diurnal?

47

Place your periodical pearls here

YOUR NOTES 19

"No use to shout at them to pay attention. If the situations, the materials, the problems
before the child do not interest him, his attention will slip off to what does interest him,

and no amount of exhortation or threats will bring it back." John Holt

15

Gasoline company acro- SUNOCO: An acronym for SUN Oil COmpany
nyms are so widespread
that they deserve our at- My brother let the gasoline cascade down the side of
tention. Once students our semitrailer at the SUNOCO service station, but I
begin decoding these am too thrifty to let that happen.
types of acronyms, they
are on their way to recog- WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK
nizing another facet of our abate (v): To grow less
language. We hope that
they will also question As the storm abated, the boys' noise abated, too. The diplomat’s assets, stored in a semiannual
such names as Texaco account, grew unabated over the years.
(Texas Company), I hope the pain in my broken arm will soon abate, along
SOHIO (Standard Oil, with my fear of falling again. abatement (n): A lessening. The homeowner asked for
Ohio), Arco (Atlantic an abatement on her taxes.
Richfield Company), After five minutes of “time out,” the child's anger abated.
Conoco (Continental Oil
Company), Citgo (City MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION:
Services), BP (British Pe-
troleum) and Exxon MY SENTENCES:
(which has no meaning
today but evolved from
the original Esso, a differ-
ent type of acronym based
on the sounds of the let-
ters “S” and “O,” which
stood for Standard Oil.)
The now defunct Amoco
was an acronym for
American Oil Company.

Students may wonder 20
how they are to use a gas
station name in their sen-
tences, so a little brain-
storming might be in or-
der. “The Sunoco dealer
...;” “The cascade next to
the Sunoco station ...” and
so forth.

Look for Wicked Words of the Week that you and students can relate to the literature the class is either
studying currently or has in the past. Did some character's pain, fear or anger abate? Was some
character particularly thrifty? What were a character's assets?

“Proper words in proper places make the true definition of a style.” Jonathan Swift
16 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1,Teacher’s Edition

Since this lesson is a review, provide time during the week for students to catch up and
correct their sentences and answers to Think Links.

Chapter reviews contain a mix of question types, most of which, like analogies, are found on
standardized tests. The student page for the review is 23; for the Think Links answers, page 24.

For both Review and Think Link answers, it is not as important for students to be right or
wrong as it is for them to share, discuss and even dispute others' answers, including those given in
the text.

Have you recorded the number of Periodical Pearls you and your students have brought to class
so far?

What is the average number of Think Links your students answered in this chapter?

How many Super Sentences did students write?

Once you determine the answers to the above questions, enter the figures in the students' perfor-
mance record on page 112-116.

YOUR NOTES

“Words are a lens to focus one’s mind.” Ayn Rand

17