Rujukan Custom-made English Form 3 ALAF SANJUNG SDN. BHD. (516756-V) Wisma Alaf Sanjung No. 23, Jalan Sungai Besi Indah 5/2, Taman Sungai Besi Indah, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel : 03-8941 0411 / 03-8941 0611 Fax : 03-8941 0041 E-mail : [email protected] © Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) All copyrights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. ISBN : 978-629-7512-42-6 Printed by : Infocus Printing Sdn. Bhd. Hani . Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
CONTENTS Unit 1 Grammar Essay : Simple Present and Present Continuous || Stative Verb || Nouns (SoW Lesson 3) : Email (SoW Lessons 8, 9) 1‒6 Unit 2 Grammar Essay : Simple Past and Past Continuous || Used to & Would (SoW Lesson 13) : Review (SoW Lesson 19) 7‒10 Unit 3 Grammar : Present Perfect || Present Perfect Continuous || Articles (SoW Lesson 23) 11‒13 Unit 4 Grammar Essay : Relative Clauses || Temporals (SoW Lesson 33) : Descriptive (SoW Lesson 39) 14‒16 Unit 5 Grammar Essay : Will, Be going to || Future Continuous Tense || Future Perfect Tense (SoW Lesson 43) : Informal Letter (SoW Lesson 48) 17‒21 Unit 6 Grammar : Conditionals (SoW Lesson 53) 22 Unit 7 Grammar Essay : Past Perfect || Past Perfect Continuous || Question Tags (SoW Lesson 64) : Narrative (SoW Lessons 69, 70) 23‒26 Unit 8 Grammar Essay : Modal || Semi Modal (SoW Lesson 74) : Postcard (SoW Lessons 79, 80) 27‒28 Unit 9 Grammar : Passive Voice || Gerund and Infinitives (SoW Lesson 84) 29‒31 Unit 10 Grammar : Reported Speech (SoW Lesson 94) 32 Unit 11 Grammar Essay : Causative Verbs (SoW Lesson 104) : Report (SoW Lesson 108) 33‒34 Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
Unit 12 Grammar : Adjectives || Adverbs 35‒37 Answer Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 1 English F3 Textbook Unit 1 Grammar: Simple Present Tense Simple present tense is a verb tense used to describe actions that happen in the present. Simple present tense is formed by using the base form of a verb, depending on the subjects. Subject Form Singular Add –s, –es, or –ies at the end of the verb. I, you, plural Use the base form of the verb. To use –s, –es, and –ies, look at the last letter of the verb. Last letter of the verb Add Example Subject To be Consonant Vowel + y –s Sleeps, walks, plays, buys. I am Vowel o ch, sh, ss, zz, x –es Goes, catches, washes, hisses, buzzes, fixes. Singular subjects is Consonant + y –ies Hurries, buries, cries, tidies. You, plural subjects are Simple present tense is used to: Function Example (a) describe habits I walk to school every day. Elise draws portraits as a hobby. The girls sell cookies in the evening. (b) describe an action that currently happens I eat the cake. Arif jumps over the fence. They need some help. (c) describe scheduled or fixed action I go back at 5 p.m. The train arrives at 3 o’clock sharp. The classes begin at 8 in the morning. (d) describe facts I have three siblings. Ipoh is in Perak. All the planets in the Solar System revolve around the Sun. Simple present tense can also be used in: (a) negative statements Examples: I do not walk to school every day. Elise does not draw portraits as a hobby. The girls do not sell cookies in the evening. (b) questions Examples: Do I walk to school every day? Does Elise draw portraits as a hobby? Do the girls sell cookies in the evening? Three sentences in simple present tense. (i) Short sentence ______________________ ______________________ (ii) Negative statement ______________________ ______________________ (iii) Question ______________________ ______________________ Singular subjects: Does + subject + infinitive? I, you, plural subjects: Do + subject + infinitive? The verb to be has different forms depending on the subjects. Singular subjects: does not + infinitive I, you, plural subjects: do not + infinitive Customise your own notes Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 2 English F3 Grammar: Present Continuous Tense Present continuous tense takes the form of to be in present tense and by adding –ing to a verb. Subject To be verb + –ing Example I am I am walking around the park. Singular subjects is Cheong is writing a novel. You, plural subjects are You are drinking my tea. Present continuous tense is used to: (a) describe an action that is currently happening. Examples: I am baking a red velvet cake. He is chasing after his cat. We are carrying teacher’s books. (b) describe an action that often happens. Examples: I am always smiling. Jane is constantly missing the bus. They are always crying when Mum is gone. (c) describe future plans or arrangements. Examples: I am cooking spaghetti for dinner. Raju is coming with us to the cinema. My cousins are visiting next week. Present continuous tense can also be used in: (a) negative statements Examples: I am not baking a red velvet cake. He is not chasing after his cat. We are not carrying teacher’s books. (b) questions Examples: Am I baking a red velvet cake? Is he chasing after his cat? Are we carrying teacher’s books? am / is / are + not + verb–ing Am / Is / Are + subject + verb–ing? Three sentences in present continuous tense. (i) Short sentence _____________________________________ _____________________________________ (ii) Negative statement _____________________________________ _____________________________________ (iii) Question _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 3 English F3 Grammar: Stative Verb Stative verbs describe a state rather than an action (dynamic). They are not used in continuous tenses. Instead, they are used in simple tenses. Stative verbs can be grouped in four categories: Category Example Sentence Thought Agree, believe, know, think, understand, agree, disagree, prefer, recognise, suppose, wish, realise I think you overcooked the chicken. Sense Look, see, hear, feel, taste, be, seem, appear, sound, sense This tea tastes too sweet. Emotion Like, dislike, love, hate, adore Haqeem loves repairing broken equipment. Possession Have, own, weigh, owe, possess They have a lot of fantasy novels. Some stative verbs can also be used as dynamic verbs. Examples: Verb Stative / Dynamic Sentence Explanation Have Stative She has a purple bicycle. She owns a purple bicycle. Dynamic Jean is having a party tonight. Having a party is an activity. Be Stative Alvin is a hilarious guy. Hilarious is part of Alvin’s personality. Dynamic They are being annoying. The behavior is temporary. See Stative Do you see her? To see with your eyes. Dynamic Arash is seeing his sister tomorrow. Arash is going to meet his sister. Taste Stative Does this coffee taste weird to you? The taste of the coffee. Dynamic Mum is tasting the soup. The action of tasting. Think Stative We think it is a good idea. To have an opinion. Dynamic I am thinking of going out today. To consider. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Sentences with stative verbs. (i) Think __________________________________ __________________________________ (ii) Adore __________________________________ __________________________________ (iii) Agree __________________________________ __________________________________ Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 4 English F3 Grammar: Nouns Nouns are words that refer to a person, animal, thing, place, or idea. Nouns can be divided into several types: (a) common nouns Words that refer to undefined or general things. Example: The cat is napping under the sofa. (b) proper nouns Words that refer to specific things and are used to distinguish a specific person, place, or thing. The words are always capitalised. Example: Azman bought a Panasonic kettle for Ellina. (c) concrete nouns Nouns that exist physically and can be perceived by the five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). Examples: Book, chocolate, perfume, radio, television, tree. (d) abstract nouns Things that are more like a concept, an idea, or feelings that can’t be perceived by the five senses. Examples: Intelligence, knowledge, time, love, experience. (e) collective nouns Refer to a group of people, things, or animals that functions as one unit. Function as a singular noun while talking about a group of people, things, or animals. Examples: A bouquet of flowers, a class of students, a flock of sheep, a pair of shoes. (f) compound nouns Two or more words are combined to make a single noun. Can appear as a single word (closed form), separate words (open form), or hyphenated. Examples: (i) Single word: toothpaste, football (ii) Separate words: swimming pool, bus stop (iii) Hyphenated: mother-in-law, dry-cleaning (g) countable nouns Nouns that can be counted. Can have singular and plural forms. Often use articles a or an. Can be modified by numbers or paired with quantifiers. Examples: Phone, truck, bag, a card, an umbrella, six doors, all students. (h) uncountable nouns Nouns that cannot be counted. Typically don’t have plural forms and are always considered to be singular. Normally don’t use articles a or an. Include abstract nouns. Can be made countable by adding a unit of measurement. Examples: Flour, sugar, love, happiness, a stick of butter, two pinches of salt. Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 5 English F3 Quantifiers are used to indicate the amount or quantity of the nouns being discussed. Countable nouns Uncountable nouns A few Many A little Much Both All, both, some, any, a lot of, plenty of, more, less, none, enough (i) singular nouns Refer to one person, thing, place, or animal. Examples: Pencil, board, car, duck, chicken, boy, father, school, library. (j) plural nouns Refer to more than one person, thing, place, or animal. Can be divided into: (i) Regular nouns: add –s, –es, or –ies to the noun. Last letter of noun Add Example Consonant, Vowel + y –s Girls, toys s, x, z, ch, sh –es Houses, foxes, quizzes, matches, brushes Consonant + y –ies Berries (ii) Irregular nouns: the spellings either change or remain the same. Change Remain the same Children (child) Teeth (tooth) Women (woman) Mice (mouse) Deer Sheep Species Fish _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Nouns in plural form. Noun Plural Noun Plural Duck Goose Song Airplane Man Person Boss Foot Party Lens Key Box Watch Potato Banana Moose Prince Tooth Life Group Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 6 English F3 Essay: Email Writing an email depends on the setting, whether in formal or informal setting. Formal Informal Talking to teachers, employers, people with authority (police etc.) Talking to friends, cousins, people with close relation to you Always consider: o who you are writing to o what is your relationship with them o the purpose of the e-mail Use appropriate language (formal or informal) in your e-mail based on the setting. Avoid the use of colloquial terms: Email Part Descriptions To: [email protected] (Recipient’s e-mail address) From: [email protected] (Sender’s e-mail address) Subject: My Favourite Food (Title of your e-mail) Dear Zul, (Salutation) You may start the (Introduction) paragraph by asking how the recipient is or wishing him or her well. Then, give an introduction which will provide the recipient with an idea as to why you are writing to them. Hope you are in a great shape. I just got back from my vacation from Maldives. I love the food here but after several days I already miss the food in Malaysia. I cannot wait to eat nasi kandar after coming back home. How about you, what is your favourite food? (Body) paragraphs consist of the main idea/s you want to convey, along with any other supporting details. Tell me so I can try it too, I think I still have a lot on my food bucket list to savour while staying here. Hope to hear from you again later! (Conclusion) is the paragraph where you can wrap everything up. You can sum up your main ideas in this paragraph, hoping to hear from the recipient or wishing them well. Then, end your e-mail by saying you have to go and bid a goodbye. Regards, Jim (Sign off) (Your name) ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Write a short email to your friend about your favourite singer. Email To From Subject Examples of colloquial terms: “Gonna” – Going to “Y’all” – You all “Wanna” – Want to Customise your own notes Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 7 English F3 Textbook Unit 2 Grammar: Simple Past Tense Simple past tense is a verb tense used to describe actions that happen in the past. Verbs in simple past tense are the same for singular and plural subjects except the verb to be. Subject To be Example I, singular was She was my student. You, plural were They were at the field. There are two types of verbs in simple past tense: regular verbs and irregular verbs. Regular verbs Irregular verbs Add –d, –ed, or –ied at the end of the verb to convert it into simple past tense. If the verb ends in: Last letter of the verb Change Example Vowel e Add –d Joke → joked Consonant Add –ed Scan → scanned Consonant y Remove y, add –ied Marry → married Some irregular verbs do not change their forms. Some irregular verbs change their spellings completely. Remain the same Change Cut Put Let Hit Do → Did Has / Have → Had Bring → Brought See → Saw Simple past tense is used to: (a) talk about action that happened in the past. Examples: I brought my wallet. The cat ate this morning. We bought the cake. (b) describe a habit that stopped in the past. Examples: I played the piano when I was a child. She worked at that shop after she graduated. They always skipped class. (c) describe past facts which are no longer true. Examples: I lived in Penang. My sister hated eating vegetables. The boys were quiet when they were still kids. Three sentences in simple past tense. (i) Short sentence _____________________________________ (ii) Negative statement _____________________________________ (iii) Question _____________________________________ Simple past tense can also be used in: (a) negative statements Examples: I did not bring my wallet. The cat did not eat this morning. We did not buy the cake. (b) questions Examples: Did I bring my wallet? Did the cat eat this morning? Did we buy the cake? did + not + base form of verb Did + subject + base form of verb? _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________ Customise your own notes Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 8 English F3 Grammar: Past Continuous Tense Past continuous tense takes the form of to be in past tense and adding –ing to a verb. Subject To be verb + –ing Example I was I was jogging at the park. Singular was Miss Low was watering the plants. You, plural were They were studying for the upcoming exam. Past continuous tense is used to: (a) show an action that continued for some time. Examples: I was crying the whole night. The kid was shouting for his parents. The students were practising in the classroom. (b) describe parallel actions. Examples: I was eating while my sister was doing laundry. Lina was jogging while Fira was feeding the ducks. We were writing down notes while the teacher was explaining the topic. (c) describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another action. Examples: I was watching the television when the postman arrived. He was bathing his cat when the cat scratched his arm. They were laughing loudly when the librarian scolded them. (d) express action at a particular moment in the past. Examples: I was having dinner at 7 p.m. She was studying at 11 p.m. last night. You were sleeping at 9 in the morning. Past continuous tense can also be used in: (a) negative statements Examples: I was not crying the whole night. The kid was not shouting for his parents. The students were not practising in the classroom. (b) questions Examples: Was I crying the whole night? Was the kid shouting for his parents? Were the students practising in the classroom? was / were + not + verb–ing Was / Were + subject + verb–ing? ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Three sentences in past continuous tense. (i) Short sentence: ___________________________________ (ii) Negative sentence: ________________________________ (iii) Question: ________________________________________ Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 9 English F3 Grammar: Used to & Would Used to Would To talk about something that happened in the past but does not happen now. Only found in past tense. Examples: I used to take tennis lessons. Alia used to live in Sabah. We used to play netball. To talk about habits or repeated actions in the past. The verb that comes after would is in infinitive. Examples: I would play hopscotch every evening when I was a child. Dad would read us a bedtime story before we went to bed. They would hang out together on weekends. used to + infinitive would + infinitive ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ Sentences using used to and would. Subject Used to / Would Sentence I Used to Would Singular Used to Would Plural Used to Would Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd
© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V) 10 English F3 Essay: Review A review is written to share opinions on a subject such as books, movies, places, or even services. A review can be negative, but it is best to be neutral and impartial regardless of the experience had. Tips to consider: o Do not summarise the entire plot when writing a book review or a film review. o Consider the audience. If it is a general audience, give more explanation so they can understand. o Decide what aspects to evaluate. o Use strong adjectives and descriptive words. o Use a style you are familiar with. o Avoid the use of profanity, especially when writing a negative review. Avoid the use of colloquial terms: Paragraph Planner Paragraph Description Example Introduction introduces the subject to the reader Mention what you are reviewing and briefly describe about it. Include the name and clear information. This is a review of the new INX smartphone G750. INX Technology is a Malaysian company that produces local products and promotes affordable prices. Body evaluation/insights of the subject from the author State the first aspect you are evaluating. Be sure to include evidence form the reviewed subject and supporting details. Include only relevant details in your review. You can also relate the review to your personal experience. The smartphone itself is simple and easy to use. Although the brand is not competitive like other international smartphone makers, it has the same technology and reliability as the company has partnered up with a renowned manufacturer and software makers to build their product. Conclusion conclusion/moral values of the subject Mention the pros and cons of the subject. Restate your viewpoint and summarise your review. Then, give your final thoughts about the subject. Do not judge the phone just from its price, for me the build is simply superb. The customer also can get a two-year warranty which is worth the price. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Write a short review of the last game you played. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Examples of colloquial terms: “Gonna” – Going to “Y’all” – You all “Wanna” – Want to Customise your own notes Alaf Sanjung Sdn Bhd