doc_2021-03-25_21-27-24.archivetempFaces 2020-09

Voting For Lunch

by Nic McDougal

Tally the ramen bowls and
sushi. Which are there more of?
Signage counts!

Answers on page 48

September 2020 Volume 37 Number 01 cricketmedia.com $6.95

People, Places, and Cultures

Elections

around the

World

People, Places, and Cultures EDITOR Elizabeth Crooker
ART DIRECTOR Nicole Welch
SEPTEMBER 2020 Erin Hookana
DESIGNER James M. O’Connor
MYSTERY PHOTO VP OF EDITORIAL & CONTENT Suzanne Fox
Christine Voboril
Do you know what this is? COPY EDITOR Emily Cambias
PERMISSIONS SPECIALIST Stacey Lane Smith
See page 48 for the answer. Colin Draun
ASSISTANT EDITOR
About the Cover ASSISTANT EDITOR
WISECRACKS AND WITTICISMS
Elections are held around the world. The United
States will hold a presidential election in November. BOARD OF ADVISORS
Prostock-studio/Shutterstock.com
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY,
CO-COORDINATOR TEXAS ALLIANCE FOR
GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY

Sarah Witham Bednarz

DIRECTOR (RETIRED), CURRICULUM FRAMEWORKS
AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES OFFICE,
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Diane L. Brooks Ed.D.

FLORENTINE FILMS
Ken Burns

PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION,
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
Maryann Manning

DIRECTOR, INDIANA UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL
RESOURCE CENTER
Shawn Reynolds

OUTREACH COORDINATOR (RETIRED),
HARVARD’S CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES

Carol Johnson Shedd

PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION REFORM,
21ST CENTURY CHAIR IN TEACHER QUALITY,

UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS
Sandra Stotsky

DIRECTOR, AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER OUTREACH
PROGRAM AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Barbara Brown

CO-COORDINATOR, ARIZONA GEOGRAPHIC ALLIANCE,
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
Gale Ekiss

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FEATURES Pg 16 Pg 8

8 Vote! From Marbles to Pg 20
Machines
by Kerrily Sapet Pg 30

12 Voting Day around Check out our
the World online teacher’s guides at
by Marcia Amidon Lusted
WWW.CRICKETMEDIA.COM/
15 Understand Your Rights TEACHER-RESOURCES/
by Annabel Wildrick

16 Elections in India
by Marcia Amidon Lusted

20 Old Enough to Vote?
by Adele Fasick

24 The Carter Center:
Traveling the World One
Elections at a Time
by Christine Graf

28 A Dream Come True
by Barbara Brown

30 Demonstrations &
Democracy
by Kym Kettler-Paddock

42 The Final King of
Angkor Wat
retold by Pat Betteley

DEPARTMENTS Pg 28

2 High 5
4 At A Glance
6 Critter Corner
27 Where in the World?
34 Dear Kylie
38 A Closer Look
40 Elections Crossword
46 Art Connection
48 Say What?
49 One Last Face

Pg 42

HIGH FIVE

With election day just a few months away,
the U.S. presidential race is big news. But
the United States isn’t the only election you
should know about. Elections are held throughout the
world. Here are five facts to get you started.

Boys in Thailand take part
in a school election.
2

They really vote!
rocked the

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3

AT A GLANCE

by Kathiann M. Kowalski
illustrated by Greta Songe

1. “I’m Running for
President.” Long before an
election, many people say they
will run for president of the
United States. Of course, each
of these candidates wants to
win, but only one person can
be president. Candidates know
that to win, they need to get
as many people as possible to
vote for them.

Running for president is a long process.
The steps are charted out for you.

3. Convention Time. 2. Preparing for the Primaries.
Voters in these elections choose Between January and June of a presidential election
the delegates, or representatives, year, each state has special, early elections called
who will attend a political party’s primaries or caucuses.
nominating convention. During the
summer, each political party holds a
convention—a large meeting with
a special purpose. Delegates from
each state vote to decide who will be
the party’s candidate for president.

Whoever gets a majority of the
votes is nominated, or named,
as the party’s candidate.

4. Nationwide Campaigns.
The campaigns really pick up speed after the conventions.
Candidates give speeches. They spend time talking with
people. They tell people what they believe is important
and what they will do for the country if they are elected.
This is called campaigning. Running for president is
expensive, so candidates also ask people to give money to
help their campaigns.

4

5. The Election Process.
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5

CRITTER CORNER

“dTivhiedegdraepqeusahllayl…l b”e

7 moms, grooming their friends, and
sharing their meat. In the same way,
THE TOP SEVEN humans elected to office often help
ANIMALS THAT VOTE others and are helped by them.
Wby Pat Betteley Although a few chimp thugs bully
ould it surprise you to find their way to the top, they are often
out that animals hold killed or kicked out of the group.
elections? That’s right—there Both chimp and human leaders
must have approval of the group to
are democracies in the stay in power.

Species Number 5: Meerkats

Meerkats of the Kalahari Desert vote
with their voices. If three meerkats
make a “moving call” in a short
time period, the group travels faster.

animal kingdom, too. Read on to find out

about seven species that “vote” to make

group decisions.

Species Number 7: Red Deer 5

Picture a herd of red deer in the woodlands of Europe. Many of them “My fellow pink-
are lying down in the afternoon shade. After a while, one deer bottoms…”
stands, and then another. Soon, more than half the herd is standing.
If more than 60% of the red deer stand, the herd will move to
another grazing ground. They have voted with their hooves, and the
majority rules.

Species Number 6: Chimpanzees

Humans and chimpanzees are close relatives who share ideas about
how groups can live and get along together. The most popular chimp
leaders often gain power through the support of grandmas and

6

If two or less animals call
out, the group does not
change speed.

Species Number 4: 4
African Wild Dogs
to its chosen site. Dozens “wWiteh’reher.”
While meerkats call out, of scouts compete to
African wild dogs sneeze.
try to sway the colony’s
6 The canines sneeze to
decide when to stop decision. Sometimes
resting and start hunting.
the other bees get tired
Species Number 3: Baboons
of stubborn scouts that
Before a group of baboons sets off
to look for food, several members won’t stop dancing for 2
take off in different directions. The less popular spots, and
remaining baboons must decide they headbutt them. It
which to follow. They choose the
baboon that seems the most can take several days
confident and purposeful.
of bees dancing and switching not involved, the winning queen
Species Number 2: African
Buffalo dances before all bees are is bigger, stronger, and

Female African buffalo determine advertising the same site. When physically able to lay more eggs.
which direction they would like
to travel by standing up, staring this happens, the swarm moves. When workers are involved, the
in one direction, and then lying
David Tarpy, a North Carolina winners tend to be the same size
down again. The group
moves in the direction State University entomologist (a as the losers. The worker bees
that most females were
staring toward. scientist who studies insects) are able to influence the election

Species Number 1: found that in larger hives, the of the new queen bee.
Honeybees
workers allow only two queen So humans aren’t the only
The number one species
famous for voting is the bees to surface at one time. The creatures on Earth to hold
honeybee. Scouts fly from
one area to the next newborns face off, and the elections. Scientists believe that
looking for the best spot
to find pollen. When sites winner fights the next queen that when animals have accurate
have been chosen, each
scout performs a dance emerges until one queen is the information, “more heads are

3 for the rest of the bees to winner. When worker bees are better than one” to make a good
advertise the directions
group decision. However,

human democracies have

become complex. Inaccurate

information is being spread to

benefit some people and harm

others. Although humans don’t

always make decisions for the

1 greater good, nature proves that
it can be done.

People have dropped marbles into baskets, drawn Xs by names, colored in
dots, and pulled levers to elect their leaders during the past 2,000 years.
Early voters used simple, inexpensive objects to cast their votes. The
ancient Greeks, the first known voters, placed black-and-white pebbles into
pots. Roman soldiers tossed small clay balls into their helmets. Early
colonists in the Americas used colored beans and kernels of corn. Today’s election
traditions and terms have ancient roots. Voters now often mark ballots, or pieces of paper,
to cast their votes. The term comes from the Italian word ballotta meaning “little ball.”

8

Screens and
curtains ensure
privacy when
voting.

MFarrobmles People around the world vote in many different
Macthoines ways. Some methods resemble early elections while
others are highly technical. Whether voters use
by Kerrily Sapet beans or machines, the process is designed to be
fair. Each person gets to cast only one vote, which
Poll workers count must be accurately counted. Also important is the
votes cast by marbles idea that a person’s vote is private.
after the close of
voting during the The ancient Romans sometimes voted out
presidential election loud, or viva voce. In some areas, like Appenzell,
in Banjul, Gambia, Switzerland, people still gather in the town square
in 2016. to voice their votes, as they have for hundreds of
years. But some feel it can be intimidating to state
your choices aloud, and therefore, the individual
may not express his or her true opinion. The idea
of voting privately by paper ballot is said to have
originated in Australia and is sometimes called
kangaroo voting. Most people around the world,
though, use secret ballots, marking their choices
behind curtains or screens or inside voting booths.

Whatever method voters use to make their
choices, they want to know that their vote counts
and that no one can change it. Many different
styles of voting machines have been invented to
make counting more accurate. They’ve featured
mechanical levers, switches, buttons, and hole
punchers. Computers can scan the voter’s marks

9

A poll worker Just as voters want to know that their votes
oversees a count, they also want to know that everyone has
ballot being an equal say. Each person gets only one vote. For
dropped into years, election officials around the world have
a machine devised ways to make sure no one votes more than
in France. once. In ancient Rome, voters walked one at a time
across a narrow bridge. In many countries today,
on a ballot and record the vote. Machines are often poll workers check the voter’s name off a list before
used because they are faster and more precise than handing out a ballot. Other methods rely on sight
counting votes by hand. and sound. Voters in a recent election in
southwestern Africa had their arms painted green
Mechanical voting machines can cause problems, after they voted. Iraqis dipped a finger in a jar of
though. Sometimes voters get confused by the purple ink. Gambian voters dropped a clear glass
directions. If they fill out the ballot incorrectly or even marble into a colored drum. When the marble fell,
use a pen instead of a pencil, the machine won’t count a bell sounded so officials could hear if a voter
it. Machines can break down or jam, leaving the final dropped in more than one marble. Because the bell
vote count unknown. People also worry that machines sounded like a bicycle bell, they banned bikes near
can be tampered with or illegally adjusted to change the polls.
the results of the election.
Election officials around the world consider the
needs of their voters when choosing a voting

VOTING BY MAIL and Washington— Many voters in
conduct “all-mail Cleveland, Ohio, opted
The COVID-19 (coronavirus) elections.” Every to vote by mail due to
pandemic has disrupted life registered voter the Covid-19 outbreak
worldwide and may also impact in these states during the 2020
the 2020 U.S. presidential election. receives a ballot in primary in April.
Infectious disease experts are the mail but also
concerned that the virus could has the option of Internet voting
be easily transmitted at polling voting in person. The is an option in
places where Americans cast their remaining 45 states some countries.
votes. The Centers for Disease Control provide absentee
and Prevention has recommended ballots (ballots
that voters be encouraged “to use submitted by mail)
voting methods that minimize to registered voters
direct contact with other people upon request. Seventeen of
and reduce crowd size at polling these states require voters to
stations.” Many politicians are meet certain criteria to qualify
suggesting that all Americans to receive an absentee ballot. In
be allowed to vote by mail during the 2018 elections, about 26%
the 2020 election. of Americans cast their ballots
by mail.
Voting by mail is nothing new.
Members of the United States military President Donald Trump,
have been casting votes by mail a Republican, opposes voting
since the Civil War. Five states— by mail. He said it leads to
Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, Utah,

10

system. In many areas, people can’t read or write, Whether a voter FAST FACTS
so officials use more traditional methods. In drops a marble into
Afghanistan, officials paste stamp-sized pictures a drum or points »  Voting by mail can cut
next to the names of candidates. Indonesians vote and clicks on the
by piercing a picture of the candidate with a nail. Internet, voting is an election expenses by
In many countries, voters make ink thumbprints or important process 30% to 50%.
draw the letter X beside a candidate’s name. Braille all around the world.
ballots, audio ballots, and ballots printed in By giving people the »  Although President
different languages also help voters. opportunity to vote,
countries make sure Trump is opposed to
Election officials also consider where voters live that their leaders voting by mail, he voted
and how easily they can get to polling places. reflect the people’s by mail in 2018 and
Many communities around the world provide true choice. 2020.
transportation to the polls. In rural Brazil, instead
of taking voters to the polls, officials recently Kerrily Sapet is a » I n Arizona, 79% of
brought the polls to the voters. They canoed voting freelance writer who
machines powered by car batteries up the Amazon lives in Illinois. She voters voted by
River to reach voters in remote villages. Soldiers is the author of several absentee ballot in
and other citizens overseas can vote by sending in books and magazine the 2018 mid-term
special absentee ballots. Some countries are articles. elections.
experimenting with voting over the Internet.
» I n 1864, 150,000

Union soldiers voted
by absentee ballot
in the presidential
elections.

»  In most states, all

ballots submitted by
mail are examined and
processed in advance of
Election Day.

»  To prevent someone

from voting twice,
ballot envelopes
are barcoded for
individual voters.

widespread voter fraud and hurts highest voter turnouts in the entire ballots in the mail would be prevented
Republican candidates. Election country. Because folks like to vote from voting.
experts have disputed these claims. from their kitchen tables. It’s very,
very accessible.” Those who oppose voting by mail
When election experts analyzed are concerned voters who vote legally
an online database that tracks cases An analysis of voting by mail could have their votes disqualified.
of election fraud in the United States, conducted at the Democracy & This could happen if ballots are lost or
they concluded that the fraudulent Polarization Lab at Stanford University delayed in the mail. Ballots may also
use of absentee ballots is very rare. concluded, “Universal vote-by-mail be rejected if the voter’s signature
They found just 204 cases of absentee does not appear to affect either varies slightly from the signature on
ballot fraud during the last 20 years. party’s share of turnout.” They also their voter registration card.
found it “does not appear to increase
Oregon was the first state to adopt either party’s vote share.” In the 2016 presidential election,
all-mail elections 20 years ago. They 24% of the votes were cast by mail.
employ extensive security measures That does not mean voting by mail Of the 33 million mail ballots, just
to prevent fraud. Ballot tampering is is not without its problems. Without over 1% (400,000) were rejected for
a crime punishable by jail time. Just in-person voting, individuals with reasons including invalid signatures
54 cases of suspected voter fraud disabilities would be denied access or arriving late.
were reported in Oregon during the to audio and touch screen voting
2016 election. This represented .002% machines. For example, people who Even those who support all-mail
of total votes cast. are visually impaired would have to elections believe that voters should
rely on someone else to fill out their continue to be offered the option of
According to Oregon Governor paper ballot. The lack of in-person voting in person on Election Day. But
Kate Brown, “It’s very secure, it’s voting would also prevent same-day one thing is clear—every American
very cost-effective, and it’s extremely voter registration. Additionally, should have the opportunity to cast
accessible to our voters. It’s one of people who do not receive their his or her vote in the 2020 election.
the reasons we have one of the
—by Christine Graf

11

VOTING D

Elections are held on
different days of the
week and at different
times of the year
around the world.

around the Wo

by Marcia Amidon Lusted hen it comes to elections
in the United States, it’s
DAY pretty certain that most

Wpeople will be voting on a

Tuesday. The custom of voting on a Tuesday
in November was established when many
Americans were farmers. By November, the
growing and harvesting seasons were over
making it easier for farmers to leave their
work and go vote.

But what day is chosen for the tradition is that Sundays
elections in other countries? are for religious services, not
Many countries, such as Greece, voting. But not every country or
Australia, and Brazil, choose to religion observes Sunday as its
hold elections on Sundays or day of worship.
Saturdays because they feel that
more people will turn out to vote Other countries choose
on weekends when they are less different days, either for
likely to be working. traditional or practical reasons.
In the Netherlands, elementary
The United States does not schools have a half-day on
hold Sunday elections because Wednesdays. Since those schools

orld «

Fourteen states
and one U.S.
territory held their
presidential primary
on Tuesday, March
3, 2020. It’s called
Super Tuesday
because so many
states hold their
elections on the
same day.

13

are usually where voting is A daughter assists but elections frequently take
held, it’s easier to have an her dad as he slips place on other days as well.
election on that day when the his ballot into the
buildings will be empty. South box in Slovakia. Many countries have declared
Africa and Indonesia were once their election days to be holidays.
colonies of the Netherlands, so afternoon. In Norway, voting That means that almost everyone
they still have the same tradition takes place on a Monday in has the day off. Officials hope
of voting on Wednesdays. In September, but the king decides this will make it easier for people
the United Kingdom, elections exactly what date it will be. In to vote because they won’t have
are usually held on Thursdays. Denmark, Tuesdays are the to worry about taking time off
One explanation is because most most common day for voting, from work. Many Americans
people were paid on Fridays, believe that election day should
they would have already run be a national holiday, not
out of money on Thursday just one that some states have
and wouldn’t be able to go and others don’t. There is a
to a restaurant or pub instead movement to call it “Democracy
of voting. Day,” since it would make
elections fairer if more people
Some countries have even can participate.
more specific voting days.
Canada’s elections are held on No matter where in the world
the third Monday in October they are held, elections are an
every four years. In the Czech important part of a democratic
Republic, voting begins on Friday government. Every election day is
afternoon and ends on Saturday a celebration of freedom and the
right to choose our leaders.
A Greek woman votes
in her neighborhood
polling location.
14

A poll worker wears
protective gear as voters
take part in the 2020
Indiana primary in June.

UYonudreRrsitgahntds Talk with your
parents and other
adults about what
these rights mean.

by Annabel Wildrick YOU SHOULD EXPECT THE FOLLOWING,

T he League of Women Voters is Equal treatment and opportunity to register and
an organization of people who vote, regardless of race, religion, national origin,
want U.S. voters to be informed sex, or disability.
about elections. They want every
American voter to understand the issues Privacy—only you should know how you voted.
and the candidates and to actively take
part in government. And they want To have your vote accurately recorded and
voters to know their rights. The league counted.
wrote a small book called Navigating
Election Day: What Every Voter Needs to If you have a disability, access to a voting device
Know. In it, they have included a list of you can use and appropriate assistance.
voters’ rights.
Assistance in voting from poll workers, if you
Whenever, wherever you vote in the request it.
United States, it is your right to expect
fair and decent treatment. Courtesy from poll workers and others at the
polling place.

15

by Marcia Amidon Lusted

16

T he United States had 200 million registered voters
in 2016. That’s a lot of voters, and it takes a lot
of organization to set up the election process.
Now imagine a country that needs to organize about 900
million voters every time it holds an election. Welcome to India.

India is a large country with a population It takes 11 million election workers to make
of 1,380,004,385 people. That’s about a fifth sure that India’s elections are held legally.
of the world’s population. India has 29 states Election rules in India state that there must be
and seven union territories. It covers an area a polling place within two kilometers (1.24
of 1,269,219 square miles, compared to miles) of every home or place where people
3,795,967 square miles for the United States. live. That means that election workers might
But with so many more people in a smaller find themselves trekking across glaciers,
area, elections are difficult to organize deserts, and jungles, and even traveling over
efficiently. More than 900,000 separate an ocean to make sure every eligible Indian
polling stations are needed to accommodate in the country’s 700,000 villages can vote.
all of India’s eligible voters. The amount of Workers may carry voting machines on tiny
money India spends to run elections is second wooden bridges across mountain streams in
only to the United States. Kashmir, or travel on the backs of elephants

Voters wait in line at a
polling station in India.

17

Above: Voters have their voter illiterate voters can still identify
LGHQWLğFDWLRQ FDUGV UHDG\ $ERYH the right candidate when they cast
right: A woman shows off her their vote using a voting machine.
LQN VWDLQHG ğQJHU 5LJKW 7KH They press a blue button next to
Headquarters of the Election that candidate. The party symbols
Commission is located in New are also used in campaigning,
Delhi, India. appearing on billboards, banners,
and brochures, and other kinds of campaign
in Assam. In the advertising. Once a person has voted, his or
remote Gir National Forest in Gujarat, where her finger is marked with an indelible ink stain
Asiatic lions are found, there is just one single so that he or she cannot vote twice. At the end
person living there. He gets his very own polling of the polling day, officials simply press a
station, complete with an electronic voting button and the machine will no longer record
machine because India does not use any paper any more votes. The machine is then sealed
ballots. It takes 1.72 million voting machines to with wax and an official government strip, so
record every single vote in the country. that any attempts to tamper with the voting
information will be obvious.
Because India is such a vast country and
has so many people, it would be impossible to Indians cast their
conduct an election in a single day. Instead, votes using a
elections take place over several weeks. machine.
Between March and May, the country votes in
sequential elections until every location and
person has had the chance to vote. From
when the Election Commission of India
announces the dates for an election until the
final counting of votes and the announcement
of the winners can take a total of 10 weeks.

There are eight national political parties in
India. But there are almost 3,000 more that
are registered but not officially recognized.
Thirty-five different parties are recognized in
India’s Parliament. Each political party has its
own easy-to-recognize symbol, so that

18

Make your mark!

Scenes from an
election—from
transporting voting
machines to villages
to voting, the entire
process takes months
of planning.

India has found a way to

handle such a massive election

so that as many Indians as

possible have the chance to vote

and make their voices heard.

Planning such a huge election takes many And even in a country with a high rate of

people and a giant to-do list of tasks. There is an illiteracy and a system of roads that can be

actual list, two feet long and color coded, that extremely poor and make traveling to polling

hangs in the election

commission headquarters

in New Delhi. The list has Once a person has voted, his or her finger is marked
145 items, everything

needed to make an with an indelible ink stain so that he or she cannot
election happen. It vote twice.
includes preparing

budgets and databases,

selecting polling locations, getting stationery, places difficult, 66% of Indians voted in the

finding places to stay for election observers, or 2014 elections. That rate is higher than many

packing materials for each polling booth. It also richer, more developed countries. It’s no wonder

lists what type of job each step in the process is and that Indians call their elections “The Festival

who is responsible for that step. of Democracy.”

19

OElndoug

Vtoote?
Nelson Mandela, the
man who brought young people who had
democracy to fought for freedom were
South Africa in 1994, old enough to help
thought everyone over choose the country’s
the age of 14 should be leaders. His bill was
allowed to vote. He said defeated, and the voting
age was set at 18. That is
20

by Adele Fasick A teen at a rally
lets the world
gh know she will
soon be a voter.

the same age set in the An 18-year-old
United States and most high school
other countries. Is this student votes
the right age? How do in a Japanese
people decide when election.
someone is old enough
to vote? 21

A teenager
protests Brexit
(the United
Kingdom leaving
the European
Union) and
demands the
right to vote.

When America was a new country, just armor. Gradually, that age was recognized as the
starting out as a democracy, the idea of letting time for taking on responsibilities, including
ordinary people vote was revolutionary. The voting. When countries around the world
men who wrote the constitution thought voters adopted voting as a way to choose their leaders,
should be successful men who had experience as they often set the age at 21 or even higher.
farmers or businessmen. Voters should be at
least 21 years old and own property. Servants For almost 200 years, the voting age did not
and slaves could not vote and neither could change in the United States or in most other
women. During the first few years of our new countries. Then, during the 1960s, young people
country, only about half of the white men were started wondering why they had to wait so long
allowed to vote in some states. to become adults. Many 18-year-olds took jobs,
got married, and served in the armed forces, but
No one is sure why 21 was chosen as the still they were too young to vote. Many young
time when a man became an adult. During the
Middle Ages in England, a young man could
become a knight at the age of 21 because he had
gained his full strength and could wear heavy

“Some people believe
high school students
know more about how
the government works
than many adults do.

22

Ich wählte! Voter registration events are
often held on college campuses.

German Lawmakers in several African
teenagers hold countries, including Kenya,
up their ballots. South Africa, and Tanzania, are
considering lowering the voting
adults thought this was unfair,
so they started campaigning to age to 16.
lower the voting age to 18, the Some people believe high
age at which young men could
be drafted into the U.S. Army. school students know more
Finally, in 1971, the 26th about how the government
Amendment lowered the voting works than many adults do.
age to 18. Most countries now This is a reason for allowing
have a voting age of 18, but not them to vote and keeping
all of them. In Austria and them interested in good
Malta, 16-year-olds can vote. In government.
Germany, 16-year-olds can vote in state and local
elections, but voters must be 18 to vote in In several states including
national elections. Illinois and Virginia, 17-year-
olds are now allowed to vote in
Although many countries agree that 18 is an presidential primaries if they will be 18 at the
appropriate age to start voting, some people want time of the general election. About a third of the
to make it even lower. In the United States, the states allowed 17-year-olds to vote in the 2020
National Youth Rights Association (http://www. primaries.
youthrights.org/issues/voting-age/facts-and- If the United States and other countries decide
resources/) would like to lower the voting age to to lower the voting age to 16, or even lower, it will
16. They argue that 80 percent of 16- and be teenagers who spur the movement. Teens who
17-year-olds work at least part-time, and they care about voting are becoming more active in
pay taxes, so it is unfair that they cannot vote. many countries, and another shift in voting ages
may be coming our way.

Adele Fasick lives and writes in San Francisco, California.

23

James E. Carter was
the 39th president
of the United States.

The Carter Center:
TRAVELING THE WORLD ONE ELECTION AT A TIME
by Christine Graf

24

When President Jimmy Representatives of the Carter civil wars or armed conflicts and
Carter left the White Center have been invited to are transitioning to democracies.
House in 1981, his observe more than 100 elections
career as a public servant was far in 39 countries throughout Africa, Teams of between four and
from over. The following year, Latin America, and Asia. The 15 representatives, called LTOs
Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, center does not represent the (long-term observers), are
founded the Carter Center in United States government and its deployed for up to six months
Atlanta, Georgia. The nonprofit representatives travel only to before elections are to take place.
organization works to promote places where they have been According to Avery Davis-Roberts,
democracy and improve health invited and are welcomed by associate director of the
and human rights around the all political parties. They travel democracy program, “We try
world. They have helped people in to countries where elections are to have a lot of diversity on
more than 80 countries—people being held under troubled or our LTO teams. We try to make
whom the center describes as being dangerous conditions. These sure that the teams are gender
“the poor and often forgotten.” countries are often emerging from balanced and that they are
not made up just of people from

"My life since the White House has been personally
more gratifying, although the presidency was
obviously the pinnacle of political success. If I had
to choose between four more years and the Carter
Center, I think I would choose the Carter Center."

—Jimmy Carter

The Carter Center and the
Carter Presidential Library
and Museum are both
located in Atlanta, Georgia.

25

Former U.S. President A few days before the elections
Jimmy Carter, left, speaks take place, as many as 75 Carter
with a polling station Center STOs (short-term
manager at a voting observers) arrive to monitor the
center outside Juba, in events surrounding election day.
southern Sudan in 2010. They visit polling places to
observe the voting process and
the region and neighboring President and Rosalynn Carter go to counting centers to make
countries but also from other complete a polling center opening sure that votes are being properly
parts of the world.” form while waiting for voting to tabulated. The presence of
begin in Bhaktapur, Nepal. impartial observers helps
LTOs set up in-country field reassure voters that there will be
offices and travel to towns and FAST FACTS no fraud in the voting process,
villages to meet citizens that they can safely and securely
and political representatives. »The Carter Center does cast their votes, and that the
Travel is often difficult due to election results will not be
poor roads. In countries such as not observe elections tampered with.
Nepal, it is not unusual for LTOs in the United States but
to trek on foot for days to reach has observed elections Because many of these nations
a village. At times, they have for several Native have a history of armed conflicts,
limited access to running water American tribes. emergency evacuation plans for
and electricity. observers are always in place.
»The Carter Center has When fighting broke out in the
LTOs analyze election laws, capital city of the Democratic
observe voter education and helped develop Republic of Congo after the
registration processes, and international standards results of the first democratic
assess the fairness of the political for democratic elections. election in 40 years were
campaigns. They also meet announced, evacuation was not
with candidates, armed forces »Jimmy Carter was possible. Some staff members
representatives, the media, were forced to stay in their field
and community leaders. Their present in Guyana in office for two days and relied on
ultimate goal is to get everyone 1992 when riots broke the food, water, radios, and
to commit to a fair election and out and the election satellite phones that they had
to agree to accept the results. It is center was attacked stocked for emergencies.
essential that LTOs remain by an angry mob. Situations like that are unusual,
impartial, and they cannot assist and most people extend a warm
candidates in any way. »The Carter Center welcome to observers.

26 operates numerous As the Carter Center looks
peace and health to the future, they are investing
programs in addition to more resources on programs
the democracy program. that will help them understand
how social media is being used
to influence the outcome of

“It was pretty amazing,” she said. “I saw him moved to tears
by their commitment to human rights and democracy. It’s
something I will never forget.”

elections. The goal of the program Center’s 100th election observation due to his role in brokering a peace
agreement between Egypt and Israel
is to find ways to recognize mission. during his presidency.

and combat election-related Davis-Roberts has also been According to Davis-Roberts,
huge crowds of people showed up
disinformation (false information present on election day in many to see the former president. While
in Egypt, he also met individuals
that is meant to mislead). countries. “Seeing people lining who had been part of a youth-led
pro-democracy uprising that took
Although Jimmy and Rosalynn up—sometimes for a very long place in Egypt in 2011.

Carter remain committed to time in the heat and in very “It was pretty amazing,” she said.
“I saw him moved to tears by their
the democracy program, they crowded spaces—in order to commitment to human rights and
democracy. It’s something I will
are in their 90s and are no vote is very moving,” she said. never forget.”

longer physically able to attend “Women come with their children

elections. In the past, they so that they can see them vote.”

traveled to many countries to be She has also had the privilege

present on election day. In 2015, of working alongside Jimmy Carter

Jimmy Carter was able to travel on several elections, including one

to Guyana as part of the Carter in Egypt. Carter is beloved in Egypt

WHERE in the World?

Aonnspwaegreis48.

Do you know where our friend Globey 27
is enjoying his copy of FACES?

Here is a hint: This women’s rights activist’s grave site was visited
by many voters on election day in 2016.

CoDTmrreeuaemApril28,A by Barbara Brown

1994

A line of voters
winds through
a field in South
Africa.

No cuts.

28

cNaesltssohnisMvaontdee.la

P eople came out in the millions Ltthohneesgirelbivnaoeltlsoedrtssid.frnoomt keep
simply to vote. They walked casting
with canes. They carried
babies on their backs; many After they cast their votes, many people
wore their Sunday best. Black people, whites, walked outside, crying or dancing and
coloreds (an ethnic group in South Africa singing. It was a beautiful day. The victor?
comprised mainly of mixed race people), You could say that it was the winning party,
and Asian—all stood patiently in line, the party of Nelson Mandela, who along
sometimes waiting for hours to cast their with many others had spent years in prison
ballots. All were waiting for the chance to because they wanted equality for all. But you
vote, which had been denied until then to could just as easily say that the victor was a
anyone who was black. Under South Africa’s powerful dream of a people determined to be
1902 constitution, black South Africans free. After waiting for so many years for the
could not vote. It took decades of struggle to right to vote, many South Africans felt that a
overturn apartheid, the political policy that few hours in line were a small obstacle.
legalized discrimination against nonwhites.
But now, on April 28, 1994, they stood 29
together and voted side by side.

SOUTH AFRICA

DEMONST
by Kym Kettler-Paddock

Protestors use umbrellas to DEM
protect themselves against
water from a cannon—a
device that shoots a powerful
stream of water.

TRATIONS

A fter six months of
demonstrations, blocked streets,
and tear gas, Hongkongers
peacefully voted in District
Council elections on November 24, 2019.
Voters—especially young people—wanted to
show the leader of Hong Kong’s government,
Chief Executive Carrie Lam, how they felt
about her handling of the demonstrations.

On the morning of the election, pro-
government parties, which supported Ms. Lam
and opposed the protests, controlled all 18 of
the District Councils. Nearly three million people
turned out to vote in Hong Kong’s largest ever
election. When the results were announced,
voters stunned the city by flipping control of
17 councils to pro-democracy parties, which
opposed Ms. Lam and supported the protests.

MOCRACY
31

A million Hongkongers
took to the streets in
June 2019.

Signs expressed the
protestors’ demands
for democracy.

Prior to the election, people its own legal system. While tried to enter, police fired tear gas
wondered whether Hongkongers Hong Kong has a strong and fair and rubber bullets.
supported or opposed the protests. justice system, China does not.
Over time, the protests disrupted Hongkongers feared that China The police’s use of force shocked
the city in many ways, including would use the extradition bill to the city. Protesters responded by
the shutting down of public force people who opposed the expanding their demands to include
transportation routes and the Chinese government to go to investigating police violence and
closing of schools for four days. China for unfair trials. calling on Chief Executive Lam to
The District Council election results resign. Later, protesters added a
indicated that citizens were mostly On June 9, an estimated one demand for full democracy.
frustrated with the government— million people—out of Hong
not the protesters. Kong’s 7.5 million residents— On June 16, one day after the
peacefully marched to ask the government suspended discussion
Frustration began building government to withdraw the on the extradition bill, an estimated
in February 2019 when the extradition bill. The government two million people marched and
government introduced a bill ignored them and refused to demanded that the government
withdraw the bill. The government,
Young people protested because they once again, refused.
worried about their future and feared
losing their rights as China increased In response, demonstrations
its control over Hong Kong. increased and became more violent.
Even after the Chief Executive finally
that would allow Hongkongers to cancel a discussion of the bill withdrew the bill on October 23, the
be sent to China for criminal trials. scheduled for June 12. protests continued.
The process of sending citizens to
other countries for trial is called On the morning of June 12, Between June 2019 and February
“extradition,” so the bill became tens of thousands of protesters 2020, 1,400 anti-government
known as the “extradition bill.” surrounded the Legislative Council protests occurred. Police fired 16,000
building and prevented lawmakers rounds of tear gas and 10,000
Although Hong Kong is part from entering and debating the rubber bullets at protesters. Protesters
of China, the city operates under bill. Later that day, when protesters

32

threw 5,000 homemade bombs at A pedestrian steps Cartoon character Pepe
police and set 750 fires. Property around bricks intended the Frog became an
was damaged. People were hurt. to slow down police. unlikely mascot of the
The police arrested 7,600 protesters protest movement.
between the ages of 11 and 84, 100,000 other university students)
including more than 1,300 called “for the U.S. to stand with A Hongkonger
children under the age of 18. us in our fight for freedom, leaves a message
democracy and dignity.” One of support for
Young people protested because month later, the U.S. House protestors.
they worried about their future and passed the Hong Kong Human
feared losing their rights as China Rights and Democracy Act. guilty of mocking the Chinese
increased its control over Hong national anthem.
Kong. They believed that a fully Marches, protests, and
democratic government would demands for democracy continued The protesters’ unanswered
uphold their freedoms while into 2020, pausing briefly during demands and China’s push for
improving education, increasing the coronavirus outbreak. The more control will impact the
jobs, reducing poverty, and government continued to ignore Legislative Council elections
developing inexpensive housing. the protesters’ demands, and in scheduled for September 2020.
May, the Chinese parliament Pro-government parties currently
Protesters knew the risks they by-passed Hong Kong’s control the Legislative Council
were taking and some carried government to enact a national (Hong Kong’s law-making body),
wills with them. security law that will undermine and the council’s design makes
Hong Kong’s freedoms. In June, it difficult for pro-democracy
But young people did more the Legislative Council passed a parties to gain a majority.
than protest. They drove a surge in bill that will send people to jail Still, the pro-democracy parties
voter registration, ran for office as for three years if they are found are targeting specific seats to
District Councilors, and more than flip. They hope that voters will
doubled their voter turnout as turn out in large numbers and
compared to the previous election. stun the city with another pro-
democracy victory.
Artistic activists—including
a team of 200 young designers— Kym Kettler-Paddock is an American
worked mostly in secret to create living in Hong Kong with her British
protest art including political husband, two children, and lively rescue
cartoons, posters, pamphlets, dog. She loves to travel and has visited
statues, and the protest anthem 38 countries on five different continents.
“Glory to Hong Kong.” Their
creations battled with pro-
government art that portrayed
protesters as cockroaches and
ungrateful children.

Young activists also traveled
overseas to seek support. In his
speech to the United States
Congress, university student
Sunny Cheung (representing

33

DEAR KYLIE compiled by Carolee Miot McIntosh

Kylie learned a lot about our democratic election process from her pen pals. They showed her
how kids can make a difference in all kinds of elections.

DiEsansbeWoevvcvymhaepaehrrnoicryeHelIaohnasHolohtiReibf,ncaddamolmknteeiweerhdneiyathdynehdstaaegsigfaododnacrmgetalohsasoarlnncuoemcienyhosaattw,ltrooemto,“euouaidpIjtlypsnorphVbaIisonKseDonirycogtyesytfhferunoodplsaomrinuu”sonmewl..itsadhteWeItakoyardihtmneciviuhnetkoedoaaamcngeihrartrvsdkoetsaiioplecnt.itpbltknaeshseos.dtygeuapeuCe?itletmroedadyeecfre.satfdonliPciuyoobtahknusoomaeacrusararapenbditnhnorovaldcueemegautirtthdlyetseeetoaeslwuile.ltineinecteTcb.tsrvhvtirOeiooeoaoolynlufrnvvysreed?.d? Reagan
Campaign Volunteer
Best,
Kylie Kylie

Hi, Kylie!

It's so great to meet you. I know that a lot of people think that
young people are incapable of making change, that politics is for the
grown-ups, and that we don't know what we're talking about, but
you and I both know those things aren't true.

I first got involved in political work during the 2016 election
when I was 12. My mom and my older sister Caroline spent their weekends knocking
on doors, or canvassing, to tell people about the candidate they supported—Hillary
Clinton. I was curious about their work and how I could get involved. At first, I
just went along for the car rides, but I soon learned what canvassing is all about.
Canvassing is about talking face to face with voters. These people could be your
neighbors, your friends' parents, your mailman, your teachers, or your doctors.
Although the overall goal is to collect data on who the voters will vote for, canvassing
is also a way to check in with the people in your area and ask real questions like what
issues they care about, why they think the political system is or isn't working, and
what they wish was better. Although I was only in eighth grade, talking to all of those
people made me realize how relevant the issues were to me and to the people I cared about.
For all people, regardless of age, understanding the issues is the first step toward fixing
them. It was in 2016 that I made the strong connections with issues like climate
change, healthcare, women's reproductive rights, and the wealth gap.

34

Reagan and 1c2ttyt6veatoo0ahoom1jnmveutoei6opSitor.ntah.waIeiritInb,ivg'tasgkohaocnnuhtenneredettdttdorahesvctoulaoetkoilsnhnmnytveoeidd,gosr,itItesmh'aoeprmv,n.esnaeprytEusedoaldtcvecrcnorottehyouoarrdumyregoniastlftaytde,hrndtcfehIlbooiemiewzerlamllesorpeiydarencpefktmoofwseprheedtodellolalerewdwokanotwanodostctroheseakmtxotrhoeufpefIeerogsdcdrttEiihewoisstlndeihtiemizetterihrsanybewthorWk.aIrarmen
Elizabeth
Warren

vote counts and everyone
tdofAbchtaolyehlaemtseschsrnshiohslTmaau'iopthennwegseamadgihtvkaneeeetnswiagrawnnydetketgoaheowbwcrfeuecaeemoasarrrtcynregaetwhotahnluoooatbewf'obnytopatusgsechlteoptl,heeocrpw.taseoElhaeemteeadIwtsr'emovttlthiheehhluoc.leoftndJomhwiwuuooiaitsnoenntvytrht'eddtahbt,aaneheotscoadvritpasevaoeeusstentkahpueskoeceoeeinonscsiwuuseasrr.presrieea,ubeacsgaiaepollsnlefoniytndmie'ytsasamyvcitrbhooeal.teoekufeorr
Reagan speaks

at the Elizabeth

:DUUHQ RIğFH LQ
her hometown.

Reagan

DgctheeerrttatoaiurYnignogRuhiistemnsoavuatgoehdlsevaemcesndao.nm,iInraeefparfoelelalciylttliyulcisskg. ierEsehxaaoptwlrapeoipanialnlsiyntssiggoanotbooaodtuyewtoyuyaoryouupteanoerrggeseaphtenoodwple

how you share your opinions.

From,
Kylie

Dear Ben,

Hi! I am excited to hear about your running for Ben
student body president. Class President

afaagrnnbrioeaddnudFfwtdeWIureetywnoovhweoemadaaknosrtrua,t,smpsilatrsdungeaisndgdodiiegdoenIn.eyigrntnWeotacousohlnamluawnyintaandeacnlnlihrotlejguaoatydrryosoosetbuaudocephrccdsiooltdoamot.uolsaW.esthiWlceedeolsltduaepaosirwodfsisunewpasrrgretolepuriomsenkdtiederyoocnsefrhnetgibaintbagur?ognhlodleutieyzhotriifnnpinrdgebotseiodinnadargsendinvsocteue?asnrn, seodecvdhemsrosoadel’deespienrapergcotysmtthceelernisnctlg.aM,ssy,

Kylie

35

Dear Kylie,

otwwsoathuhfhholarlouaaptwsonotloucdsIAkwuchvtrmaeieiroasnrddplosssalsreltetomdtogeadutauj.reeoonnyvdIdcBoistdint.edeueasvnwvnwgegroiastavtedtesotsseecclbeamknnrtnsaoooruseupmd'tywtidtTdeeannhyodipeVencpatcpanhaoohepitaldshiaaouulrtengwywBsaepndmdpsrnsksnIl,ddharcecnaieistcnyowbnihdshdhnicetopcmwuooloooneheurphdafdowontrhowSolrirdenlkluammsyloetmxut,.oeweoseyce,elrpdrarnJadt.deeihitIuyhekevsnnamhcIrmodswysetifhehniefdgmhmnosdoteeyaaedatanrInsgrdlIrsw'wanoutderisIdwtctoowokddrihthr,aswettavbhoieoiamei.seshhwnaunabeicensoIsyclphtnosgoylffapylueghouedoeomrehdiIsa.reolafkugrttbnolievgohtmdysieoot,mrocdeisetwtoecItoeruotrcdehaoaewrnaasdrttahntonfpsoaoematfreoeor,nudsgnisastcremnapdootsehectaemanurlihenamybobydivnpdnnfegetoyeeay.tesdcpnngaajsrremtTueaytltae.u.thomglain.rEwyIooeodd.opiIfnceiumnvenorOonauhoneedsrrfItsnraitsotttigsfysyiupsauedn.cdc.cdrhhldeeerIhgceoekFnaaesnsauessosorrnyifoocentrnesmtdunuclhtde,dwmeic-ondfiycaIniicoaooaoledldsiarlrtl—nusaneasl.mtiytrcncttemntIhfvsche,eehcohee.edaiIyemtirpdnaWrblhiiwtraodegefaadarueteaaondsaunsttsrlvnmeoaencrlittrovemgi.eshmadraadnawenisdrerctgeapaeocseiae-wkreoulrmmmspaetaoueanchasuaisyhpibsasrdndniauu,t.tpltdisdIrrDnmorlgtocle,efeouecjhnatyIethhsroshcfihiouteangslaltrth.greeIIr,

satcawshtamdiooemppvrybalipiyBdbcatWlelioyr.eaeouehnFsro.woefiftSurtiar,ghnsoenntecmrt,dtreooabntyyhaetodlocaotih,ucruheaodtvi,rmwvneaIwe'agyndpoanlsosristukfpsahooht.sarcosiDmarinlretonouginnwvyndgey'iototiufoahlmouierstrtyr.pftoaoaaEhgfuncievfiottyyaehtcrohlteybsnahee.onoilsrtnnidahegemveiese
Ben

Dear Ben,

Thank you so much for your response. It
sounds like you had a great presidency and
overall experience in the student council. It’s
great that you worked to get experience in student
council before running for president.

It’s been really great to learn about your role in student council and
how you ran for class president.

From,
Kylie

36

Hi, Azucena, Suzie
Student Body and National Honor
It must be exciting to be student body president at your Society President
school. What motivated you to run for office? You are the
president of your school’s National Honor Society, right? We
have that program at our school for the upperclassmen. What
was the process of becoming the president of this society, and
what responsibilities come with that role?

From,
Kylie

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president.

Sincerely,
Azucena (Suzie)

Suzie runs a meeting.

Dear Suzie,

Wanting to be a voice for your peers is an
excellent reason for running. I really respect that you and your student council not
only organize fun events like dances for students but also get involved with so much
community outreach.

It’s amazing that you have managed being president of the NHS and acting
student class president. Congratulations on two successful campaigns! I can tell
you worked hard preparing for both your roles. I am sure that it will be helpful to any
FACES readers (including myself) who may want to run for student office one day.

From,
Kylie

37

A CLOSER LOOK compiled by Emily Cambias

You’d ftohringkratzhienrge’dinbteheare.
room

U.S. Presidential Pets

The White House has been home to
hundreds of animals through the years,
from mockingbirds to ponies to dogs.

Not all the animals in a president’s household were there
strictly as pets. Many of them had other jobs as well. Pauline
Wayne was a cow belonging to President William Howard
Taft. She provided most of the milk for the president’s family
and spent her days grazing on the White House lawn and
along the National Mall. She was the Taft children’s favorite
pet for many years. First Lady Louisa Adams opted for a less
cuddly animal during her husband’s time as president (1825-
1829). She raised silkworms and harvested their silk herself,
weaving it into beautiful fabrics and sewing it into clothing.

Rebecca was a young raccoon when she was captured in 1926
and sent to Washington to be served at Calvin Coolidge’s
Thanksgiving dinner. Luckily, Coolidge’s wife Grace rescued
her. The couple built her a tree house, but allowed her to run
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WDNH EDWKV :KHQ &DOYLQ &RROLGJH ZDV OHDYLQJ RIğFH WKH
couple donated her to the National Zoo to ensure that she
would still get the care she needed.

38

One of the most famous canine
residents of the White House was
Fala, a little Scottish terrier who
belonged to Franklin and Eleanor
Roosevelt. Fala was so well
known in the United States that
American soldiers used his name
as a password to keep out spies
during World War II.

Sometimes very unusual animals I’m hip.
ended up in the White House when
important people gave them as gifts to
a president. Around 1838, the Sultan
of Oman gave two tiger cubs to Martin
Van Buren. The President claimed he
wanted to keep the cubs, but Congress
made him give them to a zoo.
Calvin Coolidge’s unusual animals
didn’t just include raccoons. In
1927, a businessman sent a pygmy
hippopotamus called Billy to the
president. Coolidge quickly got the
hippo situated at the National Zoo,
where he lived almost 30 more years
and sired 23 calves. Almost every
pygmy hippopotamus in the United
States is descended from Billy.

Theodore Roosevelt’s family loved animals, and
they had dozens of them. Their pets included
a Shetland pony named Algonquin, a garter
snake named Emily Spinach, a hyena, a badger,
a pig, and a bear named Jonathan Edwards who
eventually went to live at the Bronx Zoo. The
Roosevelts loved their animals so much that
when one of the boys was sick, his brothers
smuggled Algonquin into the White House and
up to the boy’s room in the elevator.

39

CROSSWORD

ELECTIONS
Answers to Elections Crossword on page 48
1

Cacarnowssethweoarkisle?

2
3 45

67

8

9

10

ACROSS DOWN

3 national elections in this country last two weeks 1 political policy that legalized
5 national U.S. elections are held on a Tuesday discrimination against nonwhites

in this month 2 WKH ZRUOGłV ğUVW NQRZQ YRWHUV
6 name of the Coolidge family’s pet raccoon (two words)
8 the most common voting age throughout the
4 _____ _____ are submitted by mail
world (two words)
9 Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt’s Scottish
7 organization created by a Jimmy
terrier Carter (two words)
10 JDWKHULQJ DW ZKLFK HDFK SROLWLFDO SDUW\ RIğFLDOO\
About 55% of all registered
chooses its candidate for president voters turned out for the 2016
presidential election. Do you
40 think turnout will be higher or
lower this year?

G rowing Up? We grow with you!

Save 25% off your subscription at Shop.CricketMedia.com/Try-Discount

41

retold by Pat Betteley
illustrated by Jesse Tise

the King of

Final
Angkor Wat
42

Characters: WATER BUFFALO: What temple? Do you mean that

Narrator 1 ruin over there?
Narrator 2
Tiger GECKO: I have been all over this jungle, but I have
Gibbon
Water Buffalo never seen that ruin before.
Gecko
Elephant TIGER: No matter. I shall beat you to the hill!
Pangolin
Snake GIBBON: You will not get there before me!

WATER BUFFALO: I am determined to win!

GECKO: I will see you at the top!

NARRATOR 1: Four animals sat gazing at the ruins NARRATOR 2: Tiger raced through the jungle. He

of ancient Angkor Wat. came to a swamp guarded by a fierce Snake. The
enormous reptile was coiled, ready to strike. Tiger
TIGER: Look at those old stone carvings of kings. took one mighty leap, sailed over Snake’s head,
and ran on.
Kings in parades. Kings at feasts. Kings fighting
battles. I would have been a fine king, with my
amazing strength.

GIBBON: Muscles are not always the answer. I

would have been a finer king than you because I
would rule with compassion and kindness.

WATER BUFFALO: What makes a fine ruler is

strength of character. If I were king, nothing could
make me give up.

GECKO: What about bravery? I would have been a

great warrior who was fearless in battle.

ELEPHANT: Many qualities are necessary to be a

good king—including strength, kindness,
diligence, and bravery.

GIBBON: Where did you come from, Elephant? I

did not see you sitting there.

ELEPHANT: Never mind. Go to the temple on that 43

hilltop to find out if you are truly worthy to be king.

Diligence is careful and persistent work.

NARRATOR 1: Next, Tiger came across a bird with monkey got tired. He spied a Pangolin plodding
through the jungle.
a broken wing. He pretended not to hear Crane’s
calls for help and hurried on. Meanwhile, Gibbon GIBBON: Can I hitch a ride?
had swung through the trees until he met the
Snake. PANGOLIN: Hop on, friend.

GIBBON: You seem to be tangled in the branches. I NARRATOR 1: Water Buffalo pushed tirelessly

will help you. through the jungle until he heard a hissing voice.

NARRATOR 2: After untangling Snake’s coils, SNAKE: Do not fear. I will let you pass.

Gibbon hurried off toward the hill. But soon, the A pangolin is a scaly mammal that eats ants.

44

WATER BUFFALO: I would like to believe you, but GIBBON (nodding): It was I.

slinky, slithery, creatures terrify me. I will go a ELEPHANT: But you tired quickly, choosing to ride
different route!
on the back of another rather than make your own
NARRATOR 2: Water Buffalo was determined to way. One animal was determined to run the race by
himself, though. He kept going tirelessly.
finish, but he had to trek around the far edge of the
swamp through a tangle of twisted trees. Gecko, WATER BUFFALO (snorting proudly): You noticed.
too, found the Snake barring his way.

GECKO: I am not afraid. You are too slow to catch me! ELEPHANT: However, you lacked the courage to face

NARRATOR 1: Gecko dodged past Snake and ran your fears. You let the Snake force you far from the
path. Another of you was bravest. He faced a
on toward the distant hill. Finally, the four animals terrible foe without fear.
arrived at the temple on the hilltop.
GECKO (chirping happily): You are talking about
TIGER: Is that you, Elephant?
me.

GIBBON: I thought we left you at the ruins with all ELEPHANT: Unfortunately, you were foolish not to

the carved kings. realize the danger you were in. You were actually in
great peril and lacked the wisdom to understand
WATER BUFFALO: Yes, how did you beat us here? your situation.

GECKO: Very curious. NARRATOR 2: The animals took a walk down the

ELEPHANT: You have done well, friends. Each has path to think about Elephant’s words. They realized
that none of them had all the qualities of a great
reached the top of the hill. But your journeys have king. When they returned to the temple, Elephant
revealed your strengths and weaknesses. was gone. But all around them were wondrous
carvings of an ancient Elephant King: scenes of
TIGER: What do you mean? Am I not the strength, kindness, diligence, and bravery.

mightiest? TIGER: I will try to be more considerate, like the King.

ELEPHANT: Clearly, yes. Your strength allowed you GIBBON: I will work on not being lazy.

to escape danger and be the first to reach the top of WATER BUFFALO: I must overcome my fears.
the hill.
GECKO: And I will learn to be less foolhardy.
TIGER (roaring in triumph): Then I am the

WINNER!

ELEPHANT: But, you ignored Crane’s call for help NARRATOR 1: All of the animals learned

along the way. You lack compassion for others. something about being a good leader that day.
There was another who was kind to a stranger, And they never forgot their meeting with the final
though. king of Angkor Wat.

45

ART CONNECTION by Brenda Breuls

Campaign Posters

Election time is when people seek a new vision of what STEP 1˥7DNH D 3KRWR
their communities could be. Candidates create pictures in
people’s minds of what they could accomplish if they were Take a photo of your
elected. The visuals and graphic arts used to promote subject. It could be a
FDQGLGDWHV DUH LPSRUWDQW WR WKHLU VXFFHVV 7KH YLVXDOV DUH WKH ğUVW person, an animal, or a
and sometimes the only thing voters give their attention to. Artists place you are advocating
are the ultimate visionaries. Their role in our society is to cast a for. Take several shots.
vision, to disturb us from our comfort levels, and to drive us toward
change. When you mix a great candidate with an important vision STEP 2˥6LPSOLI\
and a capable artist, you strike campaign gold. Shepard Fairey was
one such artist. His 2008 poster of Barack Obama titled “Hope” Using a computer
immediately went viral. Politicians around the world made their software program such as
own versions of it or scrambled to come up with their own posters Photoshop, crop and edit
that would equal it. Fairey’s poster changed graphic design history. your picture to simplify the
There’s no doubt about it—printed posters are an important colors and shapes. Remove
campaign tool. Is there a school election coming up soon, or a cause the background. Print a
you wish to promote? Try making your own campaign poster. copy of your picture using
the black and white print
setting.

Materials:

Camera
Paper
Construction paper
Cardstock
Pencil
Markers
Scissors
Printer

46

STEP 3˥6NHWFK %DVLF 6KDSHV Presidential
campaign
With a marker, outline the basic shapes on the picture. Look posters
for edges of shapes and shadows. Notice the negative spaces through time—
that are created and the background shapes. from early
engravings to
STEP 4˥&KRRVH 7KUHH &RORUV the famous
“Hope” poster.
Looking at the original photo, narrow down the colors to three.
:LWK D PDUNHU PDWFKLQJ \RXU FRORU FKRLFHV ğOO LQ WKH VKDSHV
and shadows on the picture you have printed. You may wish to
do this with several different copies of the picture.

STEP 5˥&XW %DVLF 6KDSHV

Cut the basic shapes from the picture and use them as
templates to make shapes on matching colors of construction
paper. Keep the palette to three colors. Cut out the shapes
from construction paper.

STEP 6˥ $VVHPEOH WKH 6KDSHV

Finally, assemble the shapes onto a piece of cardstock. Look
for ways to use the background to add contrast. Once the
shapes are all in place, make a color copy of your piece. If you
scan it into a computer, you can add text for added impact.

STEP 7˥0DNH &RSLHV

Posters are meant to be mass produced. Print a few copies to
use for your campaign. You could even enlarge some copies or
reduce them for cards and buttons. Upload your work to your
favorite social media website. Now hit the campaign trail with
your very own election poster.

YOUR TURN: <RXU &DPSDLJQ 3RVWHU

Have your parent or legal guardian send us a high-resolution image of your creation to

[email protected] by October 15, 2020. Be sure the email includes your name, age, and

address, and states that “Cricket Media may publish the image provided in Cricket’s magazines

and online, and that I am authorized to provide the image.” I might make
All submissions become property of Cricket Media and will not be returned. apocsatmerp, imngyself.

47