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Published by g-72259794, 2021-07-10 13:47:39

MODUL HEBAT TRIAL SET 1_JPNS 2021

MODUL HEBAT TRIAL SET 1_JPNS 2021

1. Anda dikehendaki menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan enzim
terhadap tindakbalas enzim amilase ke atas kanji

Termometer

ABC

Larutan iodin

Kukus air
37°C

Rajah 1 Rajah

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang diperlukan dalam eksperimen.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi memerhatikan masa yang diambil untuk

larutan iodin kekal kuning.

Jalankan eksperimen dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah di bawah:

i) Masukkan 2 ml larutan enzim amilase dengan kepekatan 1.0%, 1.5% dan 2.0%
ke dalam setiap tabung uji yang berlabel A, B dan C.

ii) Masukkan kesemua tabung uji di dalam kukus air yang suhunya ditetapkan
pada 37°C.

iii) Sementara itu, sediakan sekeping jubin putih berlekuk kering dan titiskan setitis
larutan iodin ke dalam lekuk jubin tersebut.

iv) Tambahkan 2 ml larutan ampaian kanji 1% ke dalam tabung uji A. Kacau
campuran tersebut menggunakan rod kaca. Mulakan jam randik dengan serta-
merta.

v) Gunakan penitis untuk mengambil setitis campuran daripada tabung uji A dan
titiskan dengan segera ke dalam lekuk pertama jubin yang mengandungi setitis
larutan iodin (Lekuk yang pertama dianggap sebagai minit sifar).

vi) Ulang ujian iodin setiap 1 minit. Letakkan satu titik campuran larutan tabung
uji A ke atas lekuk baru yang mengandungi iodin dengan menggunakan penitis
yang bersih. Rekodkan masa yang diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning.

vii) Ulang langkah 3 hingga 6 untuk tabung uji B dan C.

51

viii) Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan, anda dikehendaki;
(a) Nyatakan cara untuk mengendalikan pemboleh ubah.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(3 markah)

(b)(i) Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan, nyatakan satu pemerhatian.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 markah)

(ii) Terangkan pemerhatian anda di (b)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 markah)

(c) Hitung kadar tindak balas enzim dengan menggunakan persamaan di

bawah bagi tabung uji A, B dan C.

Kadar tindak balas enzim amilase= 1



Jadualkan kepekatan enzim amilase, masa yang diambil untuk larutan iodin

kekal kuning dan kadar tindak balas enzim amilase dalam ruang di

bawah

52

(3 markah)
(d) Guna kertas graf yang disediakan untuk menjawab soalan ini.

Menggunakan data pada (c), plot graf yang menunjukkan kadar tindak
balas enzim melawan kepekatan enzim.

(3 markah)
53

(e) Experimen ini diulang dengan meletakkan tabung uji N ke dalam kukus
air dengan suhu yang ditetapkan pada 37°C.

Ramalkan hasil eksperimen.
Ramalan:
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

Penerangan:
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(3 markah)

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

54

55

ENGLISH VERSION

CANDIDATES’ CHECK LIST
INSTRUCTION
You are not allowed to work with apparatus in first fifteen minutes. This period is used tocheck
the apparatus list, read the question and plan the experiment which will carry out. Mark (✓) in
the box provided to check the material and apparatus prepared and supplied.

No Apparatus and material Quantity Yes (✓) / No (X)
5 ml syringe containing 2 ml amylase enzyme 1 unit ()

1. 1 unit ()
1.0%
1 unit ()
5 ml syringe containing 2 ml amylase enzyme
2. 1 unit ()
1 unit ()
1.5% 1 unit ()
5 ml syringe containing 2 ml amylase enzyme 3 units ()
3. 1 unit ()
1 unit ()
2.0% 1 unit ()
10 ml syringe containing 6 ml amylase 2 units ()
4. 1 unit ()
1 unit ()
enzyme 1.0% 1 unit ()
5. Bottle containing iodine solution 1 unit ()
6. Stopwatch
7. Test tube labelled A, B and C
8. Thermometer
9. Glass rod
10. White grooved tiles
11. Dropper
12. 250 ml beaker
13. Measuring cylinder
14 Bottle containing distilled water
15. Kettle containing water

56

1. You are required to carry out an experiment to investigate the effect of enzyme
concentration on the activity of amylase on starch.

Thermometer

ABC

Iodine solution

Water bath
37°C

Diagram 1 Diagram 2

Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set up required for the experiment.

Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set up to observe the time taken for iodine solution to
remain yellow.

Carry out the experiment by using the steps below:
i) Put 2ml of amylase enzyme solution with concentration of 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%
in each test tube labelled A, B and C.
ii) Put all the test tube in water baths at fixed temperatures of 37°C.
iii) Meanwhile, prepare a dry, white grooved tile and put a drop of iodine solution
into the tile.
iv) Add 2 ml of 1% starch suspension in test tube A. Stir the mixture with a glass
rod. Start the stopwatch immediately.
v) Use the dropper to extract a drop of the mixture from test tube A and drop it
immediately into the first groove on the tile containing the iodine solution (The
first groove is considered as zero minute).
vi) Repeat the iodine test every 1 minute. Drop a mixture from test tube A into a
new groove of iodine solution by using a clean dropper. Record the time taken
for the iodine solution to remain yellow.
vii) Repeat step 3 to 6 for test tube B and C.

57

viii) Based on the experiment conducted, you are required;
(a) S State the methods to handle variables.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(3 marks)

(b)(i) Based on the experiment conducted, state one observation.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(ii) Explain your observation in (b)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 marks)

(c) Calculate the rate of reaction of enzyme by using the equation below for

test tube A, B and C

Rate of reaction of amylase enzyme= 1


Tabulate the value for amylase enzyme concentration, the time taken for

iodine solution to remain yellow and the rate of reaction of amylase

enzyme in the space below.

58

(3 marks)
(d) Use the graph paper provided to answer this question.

Using the data in (c), plot a graph to show the reaction of enzyme against
enzyme concentration.

(3 marks)
59

(e) This experiment is repeated by immersing test tube N in water bath fixed
at 37°C.
Predict the outcome of this experiment.
Prediction:
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Explanation:
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….
(3 marks)

60

END OF QUESTION PAPER
JADUAL SPESIFIKASI ITEM

Bil Kemahiran Proses Sains Item Skor
1. Mengawal pemboleh ubah 1 (a) 3
2. Memerhati 1 (b)(i) 1
3. Membuat inferens 1 (b)(ii) 2
4. Berkomunikasi 1 (c) 3
5. Menggunakan perhubungan ruang dan masa 1 (d) 3
6. Meramal 1 (e) 3
Jumlah 15

61

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

Percubaan SPM
Kertas 1 – set 1

Bab Soalan Jawapan Aras

21 C pengetahuan

22 B Kefahaman

33 B Aplikasi

44 B pengetahuan

55 D pengetahuan

36 D Kefahaman

47 A pengetahuan

58 A Kefahaman

69 C Aplikasi

7 10 C Kefahaman

7 11 B Analisis

8. 12 B Pengetahuan

9. 13 C Pengetahuan

9. 14 C Kefahaman

10. 15 B Pengetahuan

10 16 C Aplikasi

11 17 D Kefahaman

12 18 A Pengetahuan

13 19 A Aplikasi

14 20 B Kefahaman

15 21 B Kefahaman

22 C

23 B

24 C

25 A

26 B

27 D

28 D

29 B

30 A

31 C

32 D

33 D

34 A

35 B

36 C

37 A

38 C

39 A

40 B

62

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

PERCUBAAN SPM SET – 1

BAHAGIAN A. Markah
1
1.
(a) (i) S: Mitochondrion / Mitokondrion 1
T: Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum // Jalinan endoplsma licin
(ii) Processes/ modifies/ pack/ transport protein (carbohydrate and 1
glycoprotein) 1
Memproses/ mengubah suai/ membungkus/ mengangkut protein 1
(karbohidrat dan glikoprotein) 1
(b) (i) contractile vacuole 1
vakuol mengecut -
(ii) water diffuses by osmosis Markah
air meresap masuk melalui osmosis 1
Fill the contractile vacuole 1
mengisi vakuol mengecut 1
Vacuole expend to maximum size 63
vakuol mengecut mengembang ke saiz maksimum
water is excreted out to the surrounding
air disingkirkan ke persekitaran
CATATAN : Mana-mana 2

2.
(a) (i) X Phloem | Floem
Y Vascular cambium / cambium / lateral meristem
Y Kambium vaskular / kambium / meristem lateral
(ii) P1 : Vascular cambium divide by mitosis
Kambium vascular membahagi secara mitosis

P2 : to produce secondary xylem / phloem 1
untuk menghasilkan xylem / floem sekunder 1
1
(b) (i) Secondary growth | Pertumbuhan sekunder Markah
(ii) Produce wood / log | Menghasilkan kayu / kayu balak 1
1
3. 1
(a) J Phospholipid bilayer | Dwilapisan fosfolipid 1
K Pore protein | Protein liang 1
L Carrier protein | Protein pembawa 1
(b) Gas / oxygen / carbon dioxide / fatty acids / glycerol
Gas / oksigen / karbon dioksida / asid lemak / gliserol 1
because it is hydrophophobic 1
kerana bersifat hidfofobik 1
ATAU
Water | Air Markah
because the molecules are so small 1
kerana molekulnya sangat kecil. 1
64
(c) Transported into the cell via active transport
Diangkut ke dalam sel melalui pengangkutan aktif
which uses ATP energy
yang menggunakan tenaga ATP
and opposes the concentration gradient
dan menentang kecerunan kepekatan

4.
(a) (i) X : Mitotic phase
Fasa mitosis
Y : Interphase

Interfasa 1
(b) (i) Synthesis / replication of DNA / Chromosomes 1
1
Sintesis / replikasi DNA / kromosom 1
(ii) It can be equally distributed to each new (daughter) cell 1
1
Dapat dibahagikan sama rata kepada setiap sel anak
ATAU 1
Chromosomes are made of two identical chromatids / sister chromatids
Kromosom membentuk dua kromatid seiras / kromatid kembar
(c) Teknik kultur tisu
Tissue culture techniques
Sebahagian cebisan tumbuhan / daun
Some plant / leaf fragments
dibiakkan di dalam medium kultur yang mengandungi hormon
bred in a culture medium containing hormones
sehingga menjadi anak benih.
so as to be a seedling.

MAKSIMUM 3 MARKAH

5. Markah
(a) Ion / sebatian amonium / nitrat / fosfat 1
Ions / compounds of ammonium / nitrate / phosphate 1
1
(b) (i) Menurunkan paras oksigen di dalam air. 1
Lowers the oxygen level in the water. 1
65
(ii) Bahan kumbahan mengandungi sebatian organik / nutrien yang
tinggi

Sewage contains high levels of organic compounds / nutrients
Akibatnya penguraian / pertumbuhan bakteria meningkat
As a result, bacterial decomposition / growth increases
dan memerlukan oksigen yang banyak.
and requires a lot of oxygen.

(c) (i) Jumlah oksigen yang diperlukan oleh mikroorganisma seperti 1
bakteria dan kulat untuk menguraikan bahan organik di dalam air.

The amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms such as bacteria and
fungi to break down organic matter in water.

(ii)

1

(iii) Kerana peratusan oksigen berkadar songsang dengan nilai BOD // 1
semakin tinggi peratudan oksigen semakin rendah nilai BOD.
Because the percentage of oxygen is inversely proportional to the
BOD value // the higher the oxygen percentage the lower the BOD
value.

6. Markah
1
(a) (i) R Tiub debunga | Pollen tube 1
1
Q Gamet jantan | Male gametes 1
(ii) Pendebungaan / persenyawaan | Pollination / fertilization
1
(b) Sel induk debunga mengalami meiosis membentuk tetrad debunga.
Pollen stem cells undergo meiosis to form pollen tetrads. 1

Nukleus setiap tetrad debunga mengalami mitosis menghasilkan dua 1
nukleus.

The nucleus of each pollen tetrad undergoes mitosis producing two
nuclei.

(c) Proses tersebut ialah persenyawaan gandadua.
The process is double fertilization.

Satu gamet jantan bergabung dengan sel telur membentuk nukleus
diploid.

A male gamete fuses with an egg cell to form a diploid nucleus.

66

Satu gamet jantan lagi bergabung dengan nukleus kutub membentuk 1
nukleus triiploid.

Another male gamete joins the polar nucleus to form a triiploid nucleus.

7. Markah
(a) (i)

1

(ii) kerana kepekatan tertinggi estrogen 1
due to the highest concentration of estrogen 1
merangsang rembesan hormon LH.
stimulates the secretion of LH hormone.

ATAU 1
LH meningkat tinggi untuk merangsang pertukaran folikel kepada korpus
1
luteum 1
LH is elevated to stimulate the conversion of follicles to the corpus 1
1
luteum

untuk rembesan estrogen dan progesteron
for estrogen and progesterone secretion

(b) Estrogen berperanan merangsang penebalalan dinding endometrium.
Estrogen plays a role in stimulating the thickening of the endometrial
wall.

Semakin tinggi paras estrogen semakin tebal dinding endometrium
The higher the estrogen level the thicker the endometrial wall

sebagai persediaan untuk penempelan embrio.
in preparation for embryo attachment.

67

(c) Kerana telah berlaku persenyawaan 1
Because fertilization has taken place 1
maka korpus luteum akan kekal / tidak merosot / terurai 1
then the corpus luteum will remain / not degenerate / decompose
untuk mengekalkan rembesan progesteron Markah
to maintain progesterone secretion

8.
(a) (i)

1

(ii) 25 % 1
1
(b) (i) 0% 1
1
kerana lelaki itu tidak mempunyai alel O
1
because the man does not have the O allele
1
(c) Kerana kromosom Y tidak membawa gen hemofilia

Because the Y chromosome does not carry the hemophilia gene

maka ia tidak boleh menindas / menutup kesan alel hemofilia yang
dibawa oleh kromosom X

then it cannot suppress / cover up the effects of hemophilia alleles
carried by the X chromosome

Sementara alel hemofilia kromosom X pada perempuan boleh ditindas /
ditutup oleh alel normal

68

While the X chromosome hemophilia allele in females can be
suppressed / closed by the normal allele

BAHAGIAN B.

9. Markah
(a)

When finger is picked by a sharp pin the sensory receptor detects the 1
stimulus

Apabila jari tercuck pin tajam reseptor deria mengesan rangsang

Nerve impulses is transmitted along the sensory neuron to the spinal cord 1

Impuls saraf dialirkan di sepanjang neuron deria ke saraf tunjang the nerve
impulse is

transferred from the sensory neurone through the synapse to relay 1
neurone

Impuls saraf dipindahkan dari neuron deria melalui sinaps ke neuron
geganti.

From the relay neurone, the nerve impulse ids transferred to the motor 1
neurone.

Dari neuron geganti, impuls saraf dipindahkan ke neuron motor.

The motor neurone transfers the nerve impulse from the spinal cord to the 1
effector.

Neuron motor mengalirkan impulse saraf dari saraf tunjang ke effektor.

the finger can be moved quickly 1
Supaya jari dialihkan dengan cepat.

MAKSIMUM 4
Markah

(b) Markah

Eye acts as sensory organ/ receptor to detect stimulus/ dog. 1

Mata bertindak sebagai organ deria/ reseptor untuk mengesan rangsangan
luar /anjng.

Brain/ hypothalamus receive nerve impulses. 1
Otak/ hipotalamus menerima impuls saraf.

Brain interpreted nerve impulses. 1

69

Otak mentafsir impuls saraf. 1

Transmitted nerve impulses to different effectors/ endocrine gland/ muscle/ 1
heart/ lungs
1
Menghantar impuls saraf ke efektor-efektor yang berbeza/ kelenjar
adrenal/ otot/ jantung/ peparu. 1
1
Endocrine gland, adrenal gland secreted adrenaline / noradrenaline 1
hormone. 6
Markah
Kelenjar endokrin, kelenjar adrenal merembeskan hormon adrenalina/
noradrelina.

Adrenaline/ noradrenaline is stimulated to increase heart rate/ respiratory
rate/ blood pressure/ blood glucose level and metabolic activity

Adrenalina/ noradrelina/ hormon merangsangkan peningkatan kadar
degupan jantung/ pernafasan/ tekanan darah/ aras gula dalam darah
dan kadar metabolisme.

Heart rate increase/ blood pressure become high

Kadar degupan jantung bertambah/ tekanan darah meningkat.

Respiration rate also increaces.

Kadar pernafasan meningkat

More/ additional energy di produced to be used to run.

Lebih tenaga dihasilkan untuk berlari.

MAKSIMUM

(c) Markah
-
Individual / Individu Y 1
Blood osmotic pressure increases above the normal range. 1
Tekanan osmosis darah meningkat melebihi julat normal.
1
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are stimulated.
Osmoreseptor di dalam hipotalamus dirangsang.

The pituitary gland is stimulated. So, more ADH is secreted from the
pituitary gland.

Kelenjar pituitari dirangsang. Jadi, lebih ADH dirembes daripada kelenjar
pituitari.

70

High ADH concentrations cause the walls of the distal convoluted tubule 1
and the collecting duct to become more permeable to water.

Kepekatan ADH yang tinggi menyebabkan dinding tubul berlingkar distal
dan dinding duktus pengumpul menjadi lebih telap terhadap air.

More water is absorbed from the renal fluid into the blood capillary. Lebih 1
banyak air diserap semula daripada bendalir renal ke dalam kapilari
darah.

Urine that is very concentrated and low in volume is generated. 1
Air kencing yang lebih pekat dan sedikit dihasilkan.

distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct less permeable to salt. 1
tubul berlingkar distal dan duktus pengumpul kurang telap terhadap garam.

Less salt in reabsorbed 1
Kurang gararm diserap semula

More salt in urine 1
Lebih garam dalam urin

Blood osmotic pressure increase returns to normal. 1
Tekanan osmosis darah meningkat kembali ke julat normal.

MAKSIMUM 5
Markah
Individual / Individu Z
Blood osmotic pressure drops to below normal range. -
Tekanan osmosis darah menurun ke bawah julat normal.
1

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are less stimulated. 1
Osmoreseptor di dalam hipotalamus kurang dirangsang.

The pituitary gland is less stimulated. So, less ADH is secreted from the 1
pituitary gland.

Kelenjar pituitari kurang dirangsang.Jadi, kurang ADH dirembes daripada
kelenjar pituitari.

Low ADH concentrations cause the walls of the distal convoluted tubule 1
and collecting duct to become less permeable to water. Kepekatan ADH
yang rendah menyebabkan dinding tubul berlingkar distal dan dinding

duktus pengumpul menjadi kurang telap terhadap air.

Less fluid into the blood capillary water is reabsorbed from the renal. 1
Kurang air diserap semula daripada bendalir renal ke dalam kapilari
darah.

71

Less concentrated urine is generated in high volumes. 1
Air kencing yang lebih cair dan banyak dihasilkan.
distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct more permeable to salt. 1
tubul berlingkar distal dan duktus pengumpul lebih telap terhadap garam.
less salt reabsorbed 1
kurang garam diserap semula
Less salt in urine 1
Kurang garam dalam urin
Blood osmotic pressure drops returns to normal. 1
Tekanan osmosis darah menurun kembali ke julat normal. 5
MAKSIMUM Markah

10. Markah
(a) 1
1
Sickle cell anaemia 1
Penyakit anemia sel sabit
cause gene mutation/ base substitution 1
disebabkan mutasi gen/ penggantian bas
red blood cells in shape of a crescent. 1
sel darah merah berbentuk sabit. 4
less haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin Markah
kurang hemoglobin berpadu/ bergabung dengan oksigen menjadi

oksihemoglobin
less oxygen is transport to the body cell
kurang oksigen diangkut ke sel badan.

MAKSIMUM

(b) Markah
F1 : via crossing over | Melalui pindah silang 1
During prophase I (of meiosis I) 1

72

semasa profasa I (dalam meiosis I) 1
between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
Antara kromatid bukan seiras pada kromosom homolog 1
Recombination of genetic material/ exchange DNA segment between non
1
sister chromatids 1
Penggabungan semula bahan genetik/ Pertukaran segmen DNA 1
antara kromatid tidak seiras. 1
produce new combination of genes.
Menghasilkan kombinasi gen baharu. 1
F2 : via independent assortment of chromosomes.
melalui penyusunan rawak kromosom homolog 1
during metaphase I 1
pada peringkat metafasa I 1
homologous chromosome pair is arranged randomly on the equatorial 1
1
plane of a cell. -
Pasangan kromosom homolog tersusun secara rawak pada khatulistiwa
Different gametes are produced with different combinations of paternal and

maternal chromosomes.
Pelbagai gamet dengan kombinasi kromosom paternal dan maternal yang

berbeza terhasil
F3 : via random fertilisaton
melalui persenyawaan secara rawak
between sperms and ovum
antara sperma dengan ovum
produced zygote with a new genetic combination
menghasilkan zigot yang mempunyai kombinasi gen yang berbeza
F4 : via mutation | Melalui mutasi
permanent change in on genes/ chromosomes/ create new genotypes
Perubahan kekal berlaku dalam gen / kromosom/ menghassilkan genotip

baharu.
CATATAN:
Mana-mana 2 fakta (F) berserta 2 penjelasan.

73

MAKSIMUM 6
Markah

(c) Markah

Insulin merupakan hormon yang digunakan untuk merawat pesakit diabetes 1
Insulin is a hormone used to treat diabetics

yang berfungsi merendahkan paras glukosa / gula dalam darah. 1
by lowering the blood glucose / sugar levels.

Sekarang insulin mudah diperolehi sebab dihasilkan dalam skala insustri -
menggunakan teknik kejuruteraan genetik.

Now insulin is readily available because it is produced on an industrial scale using
genetic engineering techniques.

Bahagian DNA yang mengandungi gen insulin kromosom pankreas dikenal pasti. 1

The portion of DNA that contains the insulin gene of the pancreatic
chromosome is identified.

Gen insulin dipotong menggunakan enzim pembatasan. 1
Insulin genes are cut using restriction enzymes.

Ekstrak gen insulin diasingkan dan ditulinkan. 1
Insulin gene extracts is isolated and purified.

Plasmid / DNA gelang bakteria dikeluarkan / diekstrak daripada bakteria. 1
Bacterial ring plasmids / DNA are removed / extracted from bacteria

Plasmid seterusnya dipotong menggunakan enzim pembatasan 1
The plasmids are subsequently cut using restriction enzymes

untuk menyediakan tapak perlekatan / percantuman dengan gen insulin. 1
to provide attachment / fusion sites with insulin genes.

Gen insulin kemudiannya dimasukkan / dicantum ke dalam vektor / plasmid 1
bakteria,

The insulin gene is then inserted / fused into a bacterial vector / plasmid,

melalui tindakan enzim DNA ligase. 1
through the action of the enzyme DNA ligase.

Plasmid yang mengandungi gen insulin kemudiannya dimasukkan kepada 1
bakteria pembawa.

74

Plasmids containing the insulin gene are then inserted into the carrier 1
bacteria.
1
Bakteria dibiarkan membiak dalam tangki besar yang mengandungi nutrien. 10
Bacteria are allowed to multiply in large tanks containing nutrients. Markah
Insulin diekstrak daripada bakteria dan ditulinkan
Insulin is extracted from bacteria and purified

MAKSIMUM

75

BAHAGIAN C.

11 Kandungan makanan segera tersebut tidak baik untuk kesihatan. Markah
(a) The content of such fast food is not good for health.

Pengambilan mineral dalam jumlah yang mencukupi perlu untuk 1
mengekalkan kesihatan. Sebagai contoh ion ferum perlu untuk
pembentukan hemoglobin.

Intake of minerals in sufficient amounts is necessary to maintain health.
For example iron ions are necessary for the formation of hemoglobin.

Garam mineral di dalam kentang adalah berlebihan yang boleh 1
menyebabkan tekanan darah yang tinggi yang membawa kepada sakit
jantung dan strok.

The mineral salts in potatoes are in excess which can cause high blood
pressure leading to heart disease and stroke.

Garam mineral yang berlebihan juga menyebabkan pembentukan batu 1
karang yang menyebabkan kerosakan ginjal / salur ureter / uretera
tersumbat.

Excess mineral salts also cause the formation of gallstones that cause
damage to the kidneys / ureter / ureter clogged.

Burger itu mengandungi kandungan lemak yang tinggi di dalam daging dan 1
keju.

The burger is high in fat in meat and cheese.

Lemak diperlukan oleh badan untuk tenaga simpanan, penebat haba dan 1
pelindung organ.

Fat is needed by the body for energy storage, thermal insulation and organ
protection.

Lemak berlebihan boleh menyebabkan obesiti / kegendutan dan 1
Excess fat can lead to obesity and

menyebabkan lumen salur darah menjadi sempit / tersumbat 1
causing the lumen of the blood vessel to become narrower / clogged

yang membawa kepada arteriosklerosis, tekanan darah tinggi dan sakit 1
jantung.

which leads to arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure and heart disease.

Minuman ringan itu mengandungi kandungan gula yang tinggi. 1
The soft drink contains a high sugar content.

76

Pengambilan gula perlu untuk tenaga. 1
1
Sugar intake is necessary for energy. 1

Namun jika diambil berlebihan secara berterusan akan menyebabkan 1
penyakit diabetes / kencing manis.
10
However, if taken in excess amount continuously, it will cause diabetes. Markah

Kurang pelawas (fiber) akan menyebabkan sembelit kerana pelawas
membantu proses penyahtinjaan.

Lack of fiber will cause constipation because fiber help the defecate
process.

Bahan pengawet, perisa dan pewarna makanan tiruan sesetengahnya
bersifat karsinogen dan mutagen

Some artificial food preservatives, flavors and colorings are carcinogenic
and mutagenic

yang boleh menyebabkan pembentukan barah / tumor.

which can lead to the formation of cancer / tumor.

MAKSIMUM

(b) Markah

F1 : Atlet bina badan memerlukan diet untuk membina otot dan berkalori / 1
tenaga tinggi.

Bodybuilders need a diet to build muscle and high calorie / energy.

Cadangan makanan berpotein tinggi ialah daging dan telur yang berfungsi 1
untuk membina dan membesarkan otot.

High protein food recommendations are meat and eggs that work to build
and enlarge muscle.

Bagi memenuhi keperluan tenaga semasa membuat latihan atau aktiviti, 1
dia memerlukan banyak karbohidrat seperti roti dan nasi.

To meet his energy needs while doing exercises or activities, he needs a
lot of carbohydrates such as bread and rice.

F2 : Kanak-kanak memerlukan diet yang tinggi kandungan protein, kalsium -
dan vitamin D untuk tumbesaran.

Children need a diet high in protein, calcium and vitamin D for growth.

Cadangan diet utama ialah susu 1

77

The main dietary recommendation is milk 1
kerana mengandungi kuantiti protein dan kalsium yang tinggi. 1
because it contains high quantities of protein and calcium. 1
Protein perlu untuk tumbesaran 1
Protein is necessary for growth
manakala kalsium perlu untuk pembentukan tulang 1
while calcium is necessary for bone formation
F3 : Lelaki yang mengalami lebihan lemak perlu mengurangkan 1
1
pengambilan makanan berkalori tinggi. 1
Men who are overweight should reduce their intake of high-calorie foods. 10
Cadangan pemakanannya ialah mengurangkan pengambilan karbohidrat Markah

seperti nasi, gula
The dietary recommendation is to reduce the intake of carbohydrates such

as rice, sugar
dan makanan berlemak.
and fatty foods.
Dia haruslah mengambil makanan berkalori rendah dengan lebih banyak

He should take more low-calorie foods
seperti buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran
such as fruits and vegetables
untuk mengurangkan lebihan lemak di dalam badan.
to reduce excess fat in the body.
CATATAN : Mesti merangkumi ketiga-tiga fakta (F)

MAKSIMUM

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

78

SKEMA JAWAPAN

1 (a) [KB061001 – Mengawal pembolehubah]

Cara mengoperasikan pembolehubah Skor
3
 Tiga kepekatan enzim amilase digunakan// gunakan tiga kepekatan
2
enzim amilase iaitu 1%, 1.5% dan 2%. 1

 Ukur dan rekod masa yang diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning

menggunakan jam randik

atau

Mengira kadar tindak balas enzim dengan menggunakan formula:

Kadar tindak balas enzim = 1



 2 ml enzim amylase digunakan untuk setiap tabung uji // 1% larutan

ampaian kanji digunakan // semua tabung uji diletakkan di dalam kukus

air dengan suhu 37°C

Berupaya menyatakan 2 item dengan betul

Berupaya menyatakan 1 item dengan betul

1 (b)(i) [KB0601 – Pemerhatian] Skor
1
Kriteria
Berupaya menyatakan pemerhatian dengan tepat berdasarkan 3 aspek:

 Kepekatan enzim (Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi)
 Masa yang diambil oleh larutan iodin untuk kekal kuning// tiada

perubahan warna pada larutan iodin (Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas)
 Data dalam nombor dan unit (Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas)

Pada kepekatan enzim 1.0%, masa yang diambil oleh larutan iodin untuk kekal
kuning ialah (data dalam nombor dan unit (jangkasa masa lama) cth 18
minit.
atau

Pada kepekatan enzim 2.0%, masa yang diambil oleh larutan iodin untuk kekal
kuning ialah (data dalam nombor dan unit (jangkasa masa terpantas) cth 10
minit.

1 (b)(ii) [KB0604 – Membuat inferens] Skor
2
Kriteria
Berupaya membuat inferens dengan tepat untuk pemerhatian berdasarkan dua 1

aspek.
 Kepekatan tinggi / rendah
 Kadar tindak balas enzim

(Dalam tabung uji A), kepekatan enzim adalah rendah, maka kadar tindak
balas enzim adalah rendah.
atau

(Dalam tabung uji C), kepekatan enzim adalah tinggi, maka kadar tindak balas
enzim adalah tinggi.

Berupaya menyatakan 1 item dengan betul

79

SKEMA JAWAPAN Skor
3
1 (c) [KB0606 – Berkomunikasi]
2
Kriteria 1
Berupaya membina jadual dan merekod data dengan betul berdasarkan aspek

berikut
T – Dapat menyatakan dengan betul tajuk dan unit -1m
D – Dapat merekodkan semua data dengan betul -1m
C – Dapat mengira dan merekod kadar tindak balas enzim dengan betul -1m

Kepekatan enzim (%) Masa yang diambil oleh Kadar tindak balas
1.0% larutan iodin untuk enzim
kekal kuning (minit)
(minute-1)
18
1/18 = 0.056 /
1.5% 12 / 0.06

2.0% 10 1/12 = 0.083 /
/ 0.08

1/10 = 0.100 /
/ 0.10

Berupaya menyatakan 2 aspek dengan betul
Berupaya menyatakan 1 aspek dengan betul

1 (d) [KB0607 – Hubungan ruang dan masa] Score
3
Criteria
Berupaya memplot graf berdasarkan 3 aspek berikut:

 A(Paksi): Tajuk dengan unit dan skala uniform -1m
 P (Titik) : berupaya memindahkan 3 titik koordinat dengan betul – 1m
 S (Bentuk): berupaya melukis dengan bentuk yang betul – 1m

80

Berupaya menyatakan 2 aspek dengan betul 2
Berupaya menyatakan 1 aspek dengan betul 1
Skor
SKEMA JAWAPAN 3

1 (c) [KB0605 – Meramal] 2
1
Kriteria
Berupaya meramal dengan tepat berdasarkan aspek berikut:

 P1 : Ramalan: Lebih daripada 30 minit

Penerangan
 P2 : Pada suhu tinggi, kadar tindak balas enzim berkurang dan terhenti
pada 65°C.
 P3: enzim akan ternyahasli // tapak aktif enzim untuk tindak balas akan
berubah.

Ramalan:
Masa yang di ambil untuk larutan iodin untuk kekal kuning akan mengambil

masa lebih daripada 30 minit.

Penerangan:
 Pada suhu tinggi, kadar tindak balas enzim berkurang dan terhenti
pada 65°C. Enzim akan ternyahasli // tapak aktif enzim untuk tindak
balas akan berubah.

Berupaya menyatakan 2 aspek dengan betul

Berupaya menyatakan 1 aspek dengan betul

81

ANSWER SCHEME

1 (a) [KB061001 – Controlling Variables]

How the variable are operated Score
3
 Three amylase enzyme concentrations are used // use different
2
concentrations of amylase with concentration of 1%, 1.5% and 2% 1

amylase

 Measure and record the time taken for the iodine solution to remain

yellow by using a stop watch.

or

Calculating the rate of enzyme activity by using the following formula:

rate of enzyme activity = 1



 2ml of amylase enzyme is used on each test tube // 1% starch

suspension is used for each test tube // all test tubes are immersed in

37°C of water bath.

Able to state any 2 items correctly

Able to state any 1 item correctly

1 (b)(i) [KB0601 – Observation] Score
1
Criteria
Able to state an observation correctly based on 3 aspects:

 Enzyme concentration (Manipulated variable)
 Time taken for the iodine solution to remain yellow// no change in the

iodine colour (Responding variable)
 Data in number & unit (Responding variable)

At enzyme concentration 1.0%, the time taken for the iodine solution to remain
yellow is (data in number & unit (longest duration)) etc 18 minutes
or

At enzyme concentration 2.0%, the time taken for the iodine solution to remain
yellow is (data in number & unit (shortest duration)) etc 10 minutes

1 (b)(ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences] Score
2
Criteria
Able to make inference accurately for the observation based on any two 1
criteria

 Concentration is high / low
 Rate of enzyme reaction

(In test tube A), the concentration of enzyme is low, so the rate of enzyme
reaction is low.
or

(In test tube N), the concentration of enzyme is high, so the rate of enzyme
reaction is high.

Able to state any 1 aspect correctly

82

ANSWER SCHEME Score
3
1 (c) [KB0606 – Communicating]
2
Criteria 1
Able to construct a table and record all the data correctly based on the

following aspects
T – Able to state the correct title and unit – 1m
D – Able to record all data correctly – 1m
C – Able to calculate and record the rate of enzyme reaction correctly – 1m

Enzyme concentration Time taken for the Rate of enzyme
(%) iodine solution to reaction
remain yellow
1.0% (minute) (minute-1)

18 1/18 = 0.056 /
/ 0.06
1.5% 12
1/12 = 0.083 /
2.0% 10 / 0.08

1/10 = 0.100 /
/ 0.10

Able to state any 2 aspects correctly
Able to state any 1 aspect correctly

1 (d) [KB0607 – Space and time relationship] Score
3
Criteria
Able to plot a graph based on the 3 following criteria:

 A(axes): correct title with unit and uniform scales – 1m
 P (point) : able to transfer all 3 points correctly – 1m
 S (Shape): able to draw the correct shape – 1m

83

Able to state any 2 aspects correctly 2
Able to state any 1 aspect correctly 1

ANSWER SCHEME Score
3
1 (c) [KB0605 – Predicting]

Criteria
Able to predict accurately based on the following aspects:

 P1 : Prediction: Longer than 30 minutes

Explanation
 P2 : In high temperature, the rate of enzyme activity decreases and
stops at 65°C.
 P3: enzymes are denatured // the active sites for the reaction has
change.

Prediction:
The time taken for the iodine solution to remain yellow will be longer than 30

minutes.

Explanation:
 At high temperature, the rate of enzyme activity decreases and stops at
65°C. Enzymes are denatured // the active sites for the reaction has
change.

Able to state any 2 aspects correctly 2
Able to state any 1 aspect correctly 1

84

GOOD LUCK
SPM
2021

85


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