MODUL HEBAT BIO 2021_PDF_ENG

CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATION PLANT TISSUE AND GROWTH
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND LABORATORY RULES
OBJECTIVE QUESTION (10 MARKS)
1. What is meant by Biology?

A The study of earth and natural phenomena
B The study of plants and forestry
C The study of living thing and environment
D The study of microorganisms and diseases
2. Which of the following are not included in the study of Biology?
A Classification of elements
B Plants reproduction
C Human growth
D Organisms interaction with environment
3. A group of students want to conduct an experiment involving the use of
chlorine. Which equipment should be used for the experiment?
AB

CD

4. Which of the following are the incorrect match between protective

equipment and its function?

Protective Function

equipment

A Goggles To protect the eyes from hazardous

chemicals

B Face mask To avoid inhaling hazardous vapour

C Laboratory gloves To remove germs on hands

D Lab coat To protect the skin from hazardous

chemical splashes

5. The statement below refers to method for managing biological waste.
1. Packed in biohazard plastic bags
2. Sterilised in autoclave
3. Placed into a biohazard bin

Which of the following materials is disposed of based on that method?
A Syringes
B Gloves
C Animal carcases
D Blood

6. A student had accidentally broken a thermometer and caused mercury
leakage. Which of the following actions should not be done?
A Inform the teacher
B Picking up the remaining shards
C Sprinkle sulphur powder
D Call the fire and rescue department

7. What is the function of a table in data tabulation?
A To record and present data
B To draw and present data
C To record the final result
D To draw experiment diagram

8. The figure below shows an example of a line graph.

What variables are represented by the X axis and the Y axis?

X axis Y axis
A Manipulated variable Responding variable
B Responding variable
C Constant variable Constant variable
D Responding variable Responding variable
Manipulated variable

9. A group of students observed animal cells using a microscope. The
results of their observations are recorded in the form of drawings. Which
of the following drawings meets the characteristics of biological
drawings?

AB

CD

10. The following are the steps involved in a scientific investigation.
I Forming a hypothesis
II. Collecting data
III. Forming a conclusion
IV. Planning and carrying out a scientific
investigation
V. Identifying and controlling variables

Arrange the steps in the correct order.
A I, II, III, IV, V
B I, V, IV, II, III
C II, V, I, IV, III
D III, I, II, V, IV

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)
1. The following figure shows an experiment that determines the effect of

light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis by counting the number of air
bubbles released in 1 minute.

a) Identify the problem statement for this experiment.
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[1 mark]

b) State the appropriate hypothesis for this experiment.
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[1 mark]
c) Identify

i. Manipulated variable
:……………………………………………………………………

ii. Responding variable
:……………………………………………………………………

iii. Constant variable
:……………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

d) What step need to be taken after the conclusions for this experiment
are made? State the importance of the step.
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[2 marks]

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)
Aminah broke a thermometer while conducting an experiment and caused a
mercury spill. Aminah immediately picked up the shards of the thermometer
and cleaned up the mercury spill with a rag. Is the action taken by Aminah
correct? Justify your answer.

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CHAPTER 2: CELL AND CELLS ORGANISATION

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (10 MARKS)

1. The diagram below shows a typical animal cell.

Which of the following is true about the functions of organelles X and Y?

Function of organelle X Function of organelle Y
A Site of lipid synthesis Site of protein modification
B Site of protein modification Site of protein synthesis
C Site of enzyme synthesis Site of lipid synthesis
D Site of glycoprotein synthesis Site of protein synthesis

2. Which of the following cells have a high density of mitochondria in its cell?

I Sperm cells
II Flight muscle cells in birds and insects
III Palisade mesophyll cell
IV Liver cells

A I and II only
B II and III only
C I, II and III only
D I, II and IV only

3. Which of the following is the function centrioles?
A Carries out photosynthesis.
B Forms of spindle fibres during cell division.
C Site of protein synthesis.
D Regulates all activities of the cell.

4. Diagram shows a protein structure which has undergone process X.

Where does process X occur?

A Centrioles C Golgi apparatus

B Mitochondria D Rough endoplasmic reticulum

5. Which of the following organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
I Nucleus
II Ribosomes
III Golgi apparatus

A I and II C I, II dan III
B I and III D II and III

6. Diagram below shows part of a system.

What will happen if organ P is damaged?
A Oxygen couldn't be transported to the body cells
B Body couldn't be defended against diseases
C Body couldn't remove the metabolic waste
D Body temperature couldn't be maintained

7. What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
I Defends the body against diseases
II Regulates the glucose level of the blood

III Detection of stimuli
IV Lacteals absorb and transport digested fats back to the blood-stream

A I and II only
B I and IV only
C I, II and IV only
D II, III and IV only

8. Which of the following sequences is correct regarding the stages in cell
organisation?
A Cell  Tissue  Organ  System
B Cell  Organ  Tissue  System
C Tissue  Organ  Cell  System
D Tissue  Cell  Organ  System

9. What are xylem tissues and phloem tissues?
A Ground tissues
B Epidermal tissues
C Vascular tissues
D Meristematic tissues

10 Which of the following is a meristematic tissue?
A Cambium in the stems
B Xylem
C Sclerenchyma tissue
D Epidermis of the roots.

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)

Diagram 2.1 shows the structure of a plant cell as seen under an electron
microscope.

Nucleus Ribosome
Nukleus Ribosom

Riboso Ribosom
m

Diagram 2.1

(a) (i) Name organelles P, Q and R.

P : ...............................................................................
Q : ...............................................................................
R : ...............................................................................

[3 marks]

(ii) Explain the function of organelle P in the plant cell.
……………………………………………………………………………………

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[2 marks]

(b) The ribosomes in Q synthesize proteins to form hormone.
Explain the effect to the plant’s growth if the cells in the shoot tip are

lacking in ribosomes.

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[2 marks]

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)

1. Figure 1 shows an example of a unicellular organism. Explain four life
processes that can be performed by this organism.

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[8 marks]

CHAPTER 3: THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCE ACROSS THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (10 MARKS)

1. Which of the following components of a plasma membrane serves to make the
bilayer stronger, more flexible and less permeable to water-soluble subtances?
A. Glycoprotein
B. Cholesterol
C. Glycolipid
D. Carrier protein

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of selective permeable membrane?
A. A membrane that allows all materials to move through it freely
B. A membrane that does not allow a substance to cross
C. A membrane that allows some material to pass through it

3. Diagram 2 below shows a movement of substance across the plasma membrane.

AB C
B

Diagram 2

Which of A, B, and C is the pathway for respiratory gases?

4. The diagram shows the components that make up the plasma membrane.
P

Q

Diagram 4

What are the parts labelled P and Q? Q
P Hydrophobic tail
Hydrophilic tail
A. Hydrophilic head Polarized tail
B. Hydrophobic head Non-polar tail
C. Polarized head
D. Non-polar head

5. Diagram 3 shows an experiment was conducted to study the movement of
substance across a selective permeable membrane. After 30 min, an iodine test
was performed on the solution contained in the visking tube and the solution in
the beaker.

Diagram 3

Which of the following shows the results of the iodine test?

Solution in a visking tube Solution in a beaker

A. Dark blue Dark blue

B. Brown Dark blue

C. Brown Brown

D. Dark blue Brown

6. Diagram 4 below shows a movement of a molecule across a plasma membrane.

Diagram 4

What is the process involved?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport

7. Diagram 5 shows an experiment was conducted to study the movement of the
substances across the plasma membrane.

What is the process that takes place in the above diagram?
A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Simple diffusion

8. The diagram below shows two types of transport, X and Y, across the plasma
membrane with the help of transport proteins.

XY

Which of the following statement are correct to explain the difference between the
two types of transportation?

X Y
A. Examples are sodium and natrium ions An example glucose molecule
B. The process results in accumulation or The process continues until dynamic

removal of molecules or ions equilibrium is reached
C. Movement of substance against a Movement of substance down a

concentration gradient concentration gradient
D. Involved carrier proteins and pore Involved carrier proteins only

proteins

9. Which of the following examples shows the process of active transport that take
place in living organisms?
A. Absorption of water by plant hair root cells.
B. Absorption of fructose molecules in the villus.
C. Absorption of glucose and amino acid molecules in the villus.
D. Reabsorption of water through the renal tubules of the kidney.

10. The diagram shows the state of red blood cells when put into solution X.

Which of the following describes the condition of the red blood cells?
A. Red blood cells expand and undergo hemolysis
B. Red blood cells maintain their normal shape
C. Red blood cells shrink and undergo plasmolysis
D. Red blood cells shrink and undergo crenation

STRUCTURE QUESTION [7 MARKS]

1. Diagram 1(a) and 1(b) shows two types of movement of substances across the
plasma membrane.

Diagram 1(a) Diagram 1(b)

a) Name the process of movement of substance across the plasma membrane
as shown in the above diagram.

Diagram
1(a):…………………………………………………………………………………..

Diagram
1(b):…………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

b) Explain how amino acid molecules are transported across the plasma
membrane by the process shown in Diagram 1(a).

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[2 marks]

c) Based on Diagram 1(b), state one example of substance that moves across
the plasma membrane. Describe the characteristics of that substance
transported into the cell.

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[3 marks]

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)

1. The diagram below shows the movement of substances P and Q across the
plasma membrane respectively.

a) Name the processes involved in the movement of P and Q.
[2 marks]

b) Explain the similarities and differences between the two processes.
[6 marks]

CHAPTER 4: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN A CELL
OBJECTIVE QUESTION (10 MARKS)

1. Water specific heat capacity = 4.2 kJ kg-1 ℃-

1

What is the meaning of ‘water specific heat capacity’?
A. 4.2 kJ of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one gram

of water by 1℃.
B. 4.2 kJ of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one

kilogram of water by 1℃.
C. 4.2 kJ of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one gram

of water by 10℃.
D. 4.2 kJ of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one

kilogram of water by 1℃

2. What is meant by ‘polar molecules’?
A. Molecules that have unequal distribution of charges.
B. Molecules that have the same distribution of charges.
C. Molecules that have a positive charge.
D. Molecules that have a negative charge.

3. Which of the following carbohydrates is the polysaccharide?

A. Maltose C. Glucose

B. Fructose D. Glycogen

4. Diagram 1 shows the process of formation of disaccharide molecule.

Diagram 1
What is process

Y? C. Dialysis
A. Condensation D. Photosyntesis
B. Hydrolysis

5. The following reaction shows the breakdown of molecule P.

Dipetide + Water Process T
Q + Amino acid

What do T and Q represent?

T Q
A Amino acid

Hydrolysis Protein
B Asid amino

Hydrolysis Protein
C

Condensation
D

Condensation

6. Which of the following the correct match?

Types of lipd Function

A

Fats Protect the outer layer of leaves
B

C Phospholipid Components of plasma membranes
Outer layer that protects internal

D Steroids organs

Waxes Synthesis of steroid hormones

7. The equation shows a process in the formation of triglyceride.

What is process X? C. Evaporation
A. Hydrolysis D. Reduction
B. Condensation

8. Which of the following is true about saturated fat?
A. Low content of cholesterol.
B. Liquid form in room temperature.
C. Maximum content of hydrogen atoms.
D. Content at least one double bond between the carbon atoms

9. Diagram 2 shows a structure of nucleotide

Diagram 2
Name the components K,L and M

AK L M
B Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous Phosphate group
base Nitrogenous
base
C Phosphate group Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
D Phosphate group base

Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar
10. Diagram 3 shows parts of a DNA molecule

Which pairs of nitrogenous base represents M and N?

MN
A
B Adenine Guanine
C Cytosine Guanine
D Cytosine Thymine

Adenine Cytosine

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 shows three groups of carbohydrates.

Diagram 1
(a)( i ) Name the carbohydrates labelled X and Z
X :………………………………………………………………………………………
Y: ………………………………………………………………………………………
Z: ………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]
(a)(ii ) Y is made of two monomer units. Give one example of carbohydrates
labelled Y and

name the monomers that make them.
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[2 marks]

(b ) Z is sugar polimers which are formed through the condensation process.
Hundreds of monomers X bind together to form long molecular chains.
Explain one importance of Z in multicellular organism.

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[2 marks]

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)
1. Diagram 2 shows the process involved in lipids formation.

Diagram 2
(a) Name processes P and Q, explain the processes.

[4 marks]
(b) Butter is type of saturated fat, while palm oil is a type of unsaturated fat.
Compare between saturated fat and unsaturated fat.

[4 marks]

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CHAPTER 5: METABOLISM AND ENZYMES
OBJECTIVE QUESTION (10 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 shows the mechanism of enzyme action.

Diagram 1

What are X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Product Enzyme Substrate
B Substrate Product Enzyme
C Substrate Enzyme Product
D Enzyme Substrate Product

2. Table 2 shows two shirts, M and N, stained with butter. The shirts were
washed using
washing powder which contains enzyme P at different temperature.

Before After

M

N

Table 2

What is enzyme P and the temperatures for M and N?
Enzyme P Temperature for A (°C) Temperature for B (°C)

A Amylase 35 10
B Lipase 35 10
C Lipase 10 35
D Amylase 10 35

3. Diagram 3 shows organelles X, Y and Z that are involved in the synthesis
and secretion
of an extracellular enzyme.

Diagram 3

The correct sequence in the producion of the extracellular enzyme is

A Y→X→Z B Y→Z→X
C Z→Y→X D X→Y→Z

4. Which of the following is correct? Function
Enzyme Hydrolyses fat
Coagulates milk
A Erepsin Emulsifies milk
B Rennin
C Pepsin Digests fat
D Trypsin

5. Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the relationship between the rate of
reaction and the
substrate concentration when factor X is varied.

Diagram 4

Factor X is

A time
B pH
C enzyme concentration
D inhibitor
6. Diagram 5 shows the production of extracellular enzymes..

Diagram 5

What happen if structure X fails to fuse with Golgo apparatus?
A Proteins will not be modified
B Proteins will be hydrolyse
C Proteins will be denatured
D Proteins will not be synthesised
7. Diagram 6 is a graph which shows the optimum pH of an enzyme X in its
reaction.

What is enzyme X? Diagram 6

A Salivary amylase B Rennin
C Trypsin D Pepsin

8.
Diagram 7 is a graph which shows the rate of enzyme hydrolysis
reactions, X and Y, in
the human body.

Diagram 7
Which of the following is correct?

Enzyme X Enzyme Y

A Secreted in the stomach Secreted in the pancreas

B X is trypsin Y is lipase

C Synthesized in the rough Synthesized in the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum

D Optimum pH is 4.0 Optimum pH is 11.5

9 Diagram 8 shows the breaking down of a complex molecule by an
enzyme.

Diagram 8
Which of the following can be deduced from Diagram 14?

I Enzyme reaction is irreversible
II Enzyme is destroyed at the end of the reaction
III Optimum temperature for enzyme reaction is 40°C
IV Enzyme action is specific

A I and IV B II and III
C I, II and IV D II, III and IV

10. Diagram 9 shows an experiment to investigate the action of pepsin on
protein

Diagram 9
The test tube contains a mixture of 1 mℓ of 1% pepsin solution, 4 drops of 0.1
M hydrochloric acid and 2 mℓ of albumen suspension. The albumen
suspension turns clear after 30 minutes.
What can be done to reduce the time taken for the albumen suspension to
turn clear?
A Reduce the volume of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to 2 drops
B Increase the volume of 1% pepsin solution to 2 mℓ
C Increase the volume of albumen suspension to 4 mℓ
D Reduce the temperature of water bath to 30°C

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)
1. Diagram 2.1 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and

secretion of an enzyme in an animal cell

Diagram 2.1
a) Name the organelles labelled W and X

W:……………………………………………………………………………
X:……………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)
b) Explain the role of organelle Y in the synthesis of the enzyme

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(1 mark)

c) Diagram 2.2 shows the hypothesis of the mechanism of enzyme
reaction on a substrate.

Diagram 2.2
i. State the hypothesis.

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(1 mark)

ii. What is represented by K, L, M and N?

K :………………………………………………………………………
L :……………………………………………………………….
M: ……………………………………………………………….
N: ……………………………………………………………….

(2 marks)
iii. State two characteristics of the enzyme as explained by

the hypothesis.

1. …………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)
1. Discuss how the nature of the enzyme influences its action

(8 marks)

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CHAPTER 6: CELL DIVISION

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (10 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 shows phases of a cell cycle.

Diagram 1

Which of the following is correct about the M phase in the cell cycle?
A. Cytokinesis takes place
B. The longest phase in the cell cycle
C. Protein are synthesised during this time
D. DNA is replicated

2. Mitosis is defined as the division of the nucleus of parent cell into two nuclei.
Which of the following statements is correct in explaining the behaviour of
chromosomes?
A. Pairing of homologous chromosomes forms bivalent
B. One chromosome from each pair of the homologous chromosome is tied to
the spindle

fibres
C. Both sister chromatids are joined at the centromere
D. Exchange of genetic material between non-identical chromatids takes place.

3. The following information shows some events in meiosis.

P : Crossing over takes place
Q : Synapsis occurs forming tetrad
R : The nuclear membrane start to disappear
S : Chromatin shortens, thicken and form visible
chromosomes

Which of the

following is the correct sequence of the interphase stage of prophase I?
A. P → R → S → Q
B. S → Q → R → P
C. S → Q → P → R
D. R → S → Q → P

4. Diagram 2 shows a karyotype of an individual with a genetic disorder.

Diagram 2

What is the cause of this genetic disorder?
A. Spindle fibres fail to function during anaphase I or anaphase II.
B. Synapsis fail to occur during prophase I
C. Homologous chromosomes did not separate during anaphase II
D. Crossing over did not occur during prophase I

5. The chromosomal number of a cat is 38. What is the chromosomal number
of the somatic cells, gamete cells and embryonic cells of cat?

Somatic cells Gamete cells Embryonic cells
Sel Soma Sel Gamet Sel Embrio
38 19
A 38
38 19
B 19
19 19
C 19
19 38
D 38

6. Which of the following are the application of mitosis in the fields of
agriculture and medicine?

I Tissue culture II Stem cell therapy III
Meat Culture

A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D.
I, II and III

7. Diagram 3 shows the stages in mitosis.

Diagram 3
What is the chromosomal behaviour at stage R?

A. The chromosomes shorten and thicken
B. The chromosomes arrange themselves at the equatorial plane
C. Sister chromatids separate and pulled to the opposite pole cells
D. Chromatids arrive at opposite poles
8. Diagram 4 shows a process in a phase of cell division.

Diagram 4
Which of the following involves the process?

A. Budding of hydra
B. Regeneration new tail of lizard if the tail breaks
C. Embryo development
D. Gametogenesis in organisms

9. Fruit flies have somatic cells with four pairs of chromosomes. Which of the
following is true about fruit flies?

A. The gametes of fruit flies have four pairs of chromosomes
B. The fruit flies have four chromosomes
C. Fruit flies gametes, n = 8
D. Fruit flies gametes, n = 4
10. Diagram shows a stage of meiosis in an animal cell.

Which of the following is correct?

Phase K L
Fasa Pair of sister chromatids

A Prophase I Centriol

B Spindle fibre Pair of homologous

Prophase II chromosome

C Centriol Pair of homologous
Prophase I chromosome

D Prophase II Spindle fibre Pair of sister Chromatids

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 shows a phase in the cell division.

a) Name structure P and Q.
(2 marks)

b) Name the stage.

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(1 marks)

c) Failure of structure P to function in human during
gametogenesis may cause genetic disease.

i. Name this genetic desease

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(1 marks)

ii. How this condition occurred? Explain your answer.
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(3 marks)

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1.1 shows a different phase of cell cycle.

Rajah 1.1

a) Explain the process R in an animal cell.

(2 marks)

b) In 2018, one of Malaysian motor cub prix rider was injured until
the calf bone was crushed about
10 cm. After 10 months of receiving treatment in the hospital, he
continued his career after
recovering and managed to record success.
In your opinion, what is the treatment received? Explain.
(3 marks)

c) Diagram 1.2 shows a stage of mitosis in cell P and Q.

Rajah 1.2
Explain the differences between process P and Q.

(2 marks)

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CHAPTER 7: CELL RESPIRATION

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)

1. What is the function of cellular respiration?
A. To produce lactic acid for the cell
B. To produce carbon dioxide for the cell
C. To increase the concentration of glucose in the cell
D. To produce energy for the cell

2. Cellular respiration is a process that generates the energy needed by all
living cells. What is the main substrate for cellular respiration?

A. Lipid
B. Glucose
C. Protein
D. Galactose

3. The following equation shows aerobic respiration in cells.

Glucose + X Carbon diokside + water +
energy
What is X?
A. Nitrogen

B. Alcohol

C. Ethanol

D. Oxygen

4. The diagram below shows a respirometer set up to study aerobic
respiration.

What are the results of this experiment?

I. The level of the coloured liquid in boiling tube A increases after one
hour.

II. The level of the coloured liquid in boiling tube B remains the same after
one hour.

III. The level of the coloured liquid in boiling tube A remains the same after
one hour.

IV. The level of the coloured liquid in boiling tube B increases after one
hour.

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. III and IV

5. Diagram below shows an equation for an aerobic respiration. What are P
and R?

P+ X+Y+
RZ

P R
A Glucose Carbon
dioxide
B Energy Glucose
C Carbon dioxide Water
D Glucose Oxygen

6. In glycolysis, the glucose molecule is broken down into molecule X. What is
X?

A. Phosphate
B. Pyruvate
C. ATP
D. Carbon dioxide

7. Which of the following statements are true about fermentation?

I.Occurs in mitochondria
II. Occurs when there is oxygen
III. Produces alcohol
IV. Produces lactic acid

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. III and IV

8. What is the ratio of carbon dioxide to water produced during aerobic
respiration?

A. 6:1
B. 1:6
C. 1:1
D. 6:5

9. The following equation shows fermentation process in a plant cell.

Glucose X+Y+
energy
Y
What are X and Y? Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
X
A Oxygen Oxygen
. Oxygen
B Ethanol
.
C Lactic acid
.
D Water
.

10. Which of the following comparisons between aerobic respiration and
fermentation in human muscle is correct?

Aerobic respiration Fermentation
A No oxygen is consumed Oxygen is consumed
.
B Large amount of ATP is Small amount of ATP is
. produced produced
C Lactic acid is produced
. Ethanol is produced
D Glucose is oxidised
. No glucose is oxidised

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)
1. Diagram below shows an organelle commonly found in human cells.

Diagram 1
a) The organelle in Diagram 1 is the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell.

(i) Identify the organelle in Diagram 1.
____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) State the reaction that occurs in this organelle.
____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii) Explain the reaction stated in a) (ii).
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
[2 marks]

b) Where does the main substrate for the reaction in a) (ii) come from.
_______________________________________________________
[1 mark]

c) What happens to the products of the reaction in a) (ii) in human
body?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
[2 marks]

ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)

1. Diagram below shows the processes of energy production in organism X
and Y.

Organism X Organism Y

Glucose Glucose

150 kJ 210 kJ
energy energy

(a) Compare the processes of energy production in organism X and Y.
[8 marks]

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______________________________________________________
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CHAPTER 8 : RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 below shows the tracheal system of a grasshopper.

Diagram 1
What is the name of the strukture in the grasshopper’s tracheal system
that is filled with air to speed up the delivery of respiratory gas during
active body movements?
A. Trachea
B. Tracheol
C. Spiracles
D. Air sacs

2. What are the characteristics of the respiratory structure of a fish that
enable rapid exchange of repiratory gases?

I. Large number of filaments and lamellae.
II. Lamellae membrane is thin and supplied with many blood capillaries.
III. Moist skin
IV. The skin is thin and highly permeable
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I and IV

3. What is the adaptation of the lungs of the frog for gaseous exchange?
A.Thin and flat
B.Thick and most
C. Smooth surface and dry
D. Folded surface and moist

4. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the pathway of oxygen

entering the tracheal system?

A. Trachea spiracles tracheol body cells

B. Spiracles trachea tracheol body cells

C. Tracheol trachea spiracle body cells

D. Body cells trachea tracheol spiracles

5. Study the diagram below.

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen at X?

Carbon dioxide Oxygen
A Low High
B High Low
C Low Low

6. Asthma is one of the diseases related to the human respiratory system.
What is the cause of asthma?
A. Bronchiole tube becomes smaller
B. Alveolus loses its elasticity
C. Bronchiole tube is blocked
D. Alveolus wall is damaged

7. What happens to the external intercostal muscle of human during
inhalation?
A. Contract and flatten
B. Relax and flatten
C. Contract and become dome shaped
D. Relax and become dome shaped

8. Diagram 8 shows a ribcage model.

Diagram 8
What are represented by K and L?

KL

A Sternum Intercostal muscles

B Intercostal muscle Ribcage

C Vertebral column Sternum

D Vertebral column Ribcage

9. Which of the following is not the way carbon dioxide transports in the body?
A. 70% is transported in the form of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
B. 7% dissolved carbon dioxide is transported as carbonic acid (H2CO3)
C. 7% carbon dioxide is transported in the form of carbonic anhydrase
enzymes in erythrocytes
D. 23% carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin to form
carbaminohemoglobin.

10. Study the following information.
In Malaysia, the Global Disease Survey study show Chronic

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as the the seventh cause of
early or premature death in Malaysia in 2010

Based on the above statement, which is not effects of COPD disease?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Tuberculosis
D. Chronic bronkitis

STRUCTURE QUESTIONS (7 MARKS)

1. The diagram below shows the respiratory structure of a human and a
fish.

a) Name structure P and Q
P :___________________________________
Q :___________________________________

(2 marks)

b) Give two examples of the adaptation of P for gaseous exchange.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

c) The diagram below shows the breathing mechanism of a fish.

Explain the breathing mechanism of a fish.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3 markah/marks)
ESSAY QUESTION (8 MARKS)
The diagram below shows the breathing mechanism of humans.

Explain the mechanism of inhalation and exhalation in humans.

(8 marks)

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______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
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CHAPTER 9: NUTRITION AND THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 shows the human digestive system.

DIAGRAM 1

Which of the following organs labelled A, B, C and D is the pancreas?
2. Diagram 2 shows the stages of digestion of starch, fats and proteins as

these pass through the successive parts (I-IV) of the human alimentary
canal.

Diagram 2

Which of the following are P, Q and R?

P Q R
A Starch Fats Proteins
B Starch Proteins
C Fats Starch Fats
D Proteins Starch Proteins

Fats

3. Diagram 3 shows part of the digestive system.

Diagram 3
What is the function of the liquid produced by part 1 and released into part 2?

A To digest proteins to amino asids
B To increase the surface area of the fats droplets
C To acidify the contents of part 2
D To complete the digestion of starch to maltose

4. Diagram 4 shows a process in digestion of lipids by substance P.

Diagram 4

Which of the following is substance P and its role in digestion?

P Peranan
A Bile To provide an acidic medium
B Bile
C Hydrochloric acid Reduces surface tension
D Hydrochloric acid To provide an acidic medium

Reduce surface tension

5. Diagram 5 shows longitudinal section of villus.

Diagram 5

Which substances is absorbed into structure P?
A Glycerol dan Vitamin D
B Glucose dan amino asid
C Fatty acid dan Vitamin C
D Amino acid dan fatty acid

6. Which of the following is the process that occurs only in a liver cell?
A Production of bile
B Synthesis of lipase
C Synthesis of insulin
D Synthesis of vitamin A, D, E and K

7. Diagram 15 shows the pathway of nutrients to body cell.

Diagram 6

Process P is
A Assimilation
B Deamination
C Detoxification
D Hydrolysis

8. Which of the following would happen to a person who has a large part of
his colon removed in an operation? The person will be unable to
A Eat fat-rich food
B Absorb digested food efficiently
C Eat solid food
D Form solid feces

9. The following results were obtained when an experiment was carried out to
determine the calorific value of a cashew nut. Calculate the energy value of
the cashew nut.
 Mass of the cashew nut = 9 g
 Mass of the water = 20 ml
 Density of water = 1 g ml-1
 Initial temperature of water = 29 C
 Final temperature of water = 38  C
A 4.2 J g -1
B 84.0 J g -1
C 93.3 J g -1
D 840.0 J g -1

10. The information below describes a person most likely suffering from
 There is deliberate dieting
 Self- induced vomiting leading to serious weight loss
 If untreated, the person may die because of malnutrition

A Gastritis
B Aneroxia nervosa
C Bulimia
D Obesity

STRUCTURE QUESTION (7 MARKS)
1. Diagram 1 shows a human digestive system.

Diagram 1

a) (i) What is gland P?
………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)

(ii) How gland P can digest bread in the mouth?
……………………………………………………………………
…….........................................................................................
(2 marks)

b) (i) What is organ Q?
………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)
(ii) Why bread is not digested in organ Q?
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)

c) Explain the effect to the digestion of lipid if gallstones block the
bile duct .
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)

d) State the difference in the digestion on protein that occurs in Q
and S.
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(1 marks)

ESSAY QUESTION
1. Diagram 2 shows three types of food.

Diagram 2
Describe the long term effects of eating these foods in excess on

the human health. (10 marks)

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CHAPTER 10 : TRANSPORT IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
1. Which of the following organism has the largest total surface per area?

A. Human
B. Grasshopper
C. Turtle
D. Paramecium sp.

2. Why the large multicellular organism needs a circulatory system?
A. Complex multicellular organisms are unable to obtain all the essential
materials it is difficult to get rid of waste products through diffusion.
B. Diffusion occurs very slowly
C. Diffusion is too complex for multicellular organisms
D. Distance external environment to the cell very close.

3. Which pair of circulatory systems is true?
A. Single circulatory system – amphibious
B. Double circulatory system – fish
C. The double incomplete circulatory system – human
D. Open circulatory system- insects

4. Figure shows the main components of blood.

x

What can be found region X
A. Erythrocytes
B. Blood plasma.
C. Leukosit dan platlet
D. Lipids and water

5. Diagram shows a photomicrograph of leukocytes

State the function of the leukocytes?
A. Releases enzymes that fight inflammation and allergic reactions
B. Contains heparin which prevents blood clotting.
C. Produces antitoxins against toxins produced by bacteria or viruses
D. Swallowing bacterial cells or dead tissue by phagocytosis

6. The statements below show the characteristics of x blood vessels in
humans.
-Expands when receiving blood coming out of the heart
-have high pressure when blood passes through it

What is blood vessel x?
A. Pulmonary veins
B. Vena cava
C. pulmonary artery
D. Aorta
7. Figure shows some components of blood cells
w.

x

y

z

W Blood clotting
X Phagocytosis
Y Transport carbon dioxide
Z Produce antibody

Which of the following is the correct match between the components of a
blood cell and its
function?
A. W and X
B. W and Y
C. X and Z
D. X and Y

8. Figure shows the cross sections of blood vessels for three types of blood
vessels.

State the blood vessels x, y and z?

Artery Capillary Vena

AX Y Z

BZ Y X

CX Z Y

DY X Z

9. Cardiac muscle is myogenic what is meant by myogenic?
A. The heart contracts and relaxes by receiving impulses from nerves
B. The heart needs to contract and relax under the control of the brain
C. The heart needs to contract and relax without having to receive
impulses from nerves
D. The heart contracts and relaxes uncontrollably

10. In a vein there are many sickle valves. What is the function of a sickle
valve in a venous canal?
A. Helps provide strong pressure
B. Collect all the carbon dioxide gas
C. Generates an impulse signal
D. Allows oxygenated blood to flow in one direction and not reverse.

11. Clotted platelets, damaged cells and clotting factors in blood plasma form
the activating substances of thrombokinase

What is the material x that helps the process?
A. Vitamin k
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin k and calcium ions
D. Sodium ion

12. Under normal circumstances the blood does not clot in undamaged blood
vessels due to the action of some anticoagulant substances. Which of the
following matches is correct regarding health issues related to blood clotting?
A. Hemophilia - blood clots are transported in the bloodstream
B. Thrombosis- the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels
C. Embolism- a disease that prevents blood from clotting
D. Hemophilia - blood clots in the blood vessels

13. Which of the following is an antigen?

i. Toxins
ii. Bacteria
iii. Foreign blood cells
iv. Antibodies

A. i, ii, dan iii only
B. i, ii dan iv only
C. ii, iii dan iv only
D. i, ii, iii dan iv

14. The table shows the blood groups for four people and four types of blood
clots

Blood group Blood received

WA O
XB AB
Y AB O
ZO AB

Based on the table above which one will have agglutination problem?
A. W and X
B. W and Y
C. X and Z
D. Y and Z