MODUL HEBAT TRIAL SET2_JPNS 2021

51

10. (a) Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan dua jenis kembar.
Diagram 10.1 shows two types of twins.

Rajah / Diagram 10.1

i. Terangkan kepentingan struktur H.
Explain the importance of H.

[4 marks / markah]

ii. Huraikan perbezaan antara kembar R dan kembar S.
Explain the difference between twin R and twin S.
[4 marks / markah]

iii. Kembar S dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga angkat yang berbeza. Apabila
dewasa, kembar S mempunyai saiz badan yang berbeza. Jelaskan.

Twin S are raised by two different adopted families. When they are adult,
twin S have different body sizes. Explain.

[2 marks / markah]

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(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan tiga amalan sihat yang diamalkan oleh Puan E

semasa mengandung.
Diagram 10.2 shows three healthy practices practiced by pregnant Mrs E.

Rajah / Diagram 10.2
Terangkan kesan kepada fetus jika amalan sihat tersebut tidak diamalkan oleh
ibu mengandung.
Explain the effects to the fetus if these healthy practices are not practiced by a
pregnant mother.

[6 marks / markah]

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(c) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan masalah kesuburan yang dihadapi oleh sepasang

suami isteri, Encik F dan Puan F.
Diagram 10.3 shows fertility problems faced by a couple of husband and wife, Mr
F and Mrs F.

Rajah / Diagram 10.3
Encik F dan Puan F merancang untuk mendapatkan anak. Cadangkan kaedah
yang sesuai kepada pasangan tersebut.
Mr F and Mrs F are planned to have babies. Suggest suitable methods to the
couple.

[4 marks / markah]

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Section C
Bahagian C
[20 markah / marks]
Answer all question in this section
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian

11. (a) Gambar menunjukkan cadangan membangunkan kawasan sawah padi menjadi
kawasan perindustrian.
The picture shows the proposal to develop the paddy field area into an industrial
area.

Bincangkan kesan baik dan kesan buruk sosial, ekonomi dan persekitaran
akibat pembangunan ini.
Discuss the positive and negative social, economic and environmental
effects of this development.

[10 marks / markah]

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(b) Rajah menunjukkan kesan-kesan aktiviti pertanian berhampiran sebuah kolam.

The diagram shows the effects of agricultural activities near a pond.

Aktiviti pertanian / Agricultural activities

Pertumbuhan alga secara mendadak
Algae blooming

Kuantiti jirim organik mereput yang banyak
Large quantities of decomposing organic matter

Tumbuhan akuatik dan ikan mati
Aquatic plants and fish die
Rajah 8.1

Terangkan bagaimana aktiviti-aktiviti pertanian tersebut menyebabkan kematian
tumbuhan akuatik dan ikan-ikan di dalam kolam itu.
Explain how such agricultural activities cause death aquatic plants and fish in the pond.

[10 marks / markah]

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SENARAI SEMAK CALON

ARAHAN

Anda tidak dibenarkan bekerja dengan radas bagi lima belas minit pertama. Tempoh

ini hendaklah digunakan untuk menyemak senarai radas, membaca soalan dan

merancang eksperimen yang akan dijalankan. Tandakan ( / ) pada ruangan kotak

yang disediakan untuk menyemak bahan dan radas yang disedia dan dibekalkan

Soalan 1

Bil Radas/Bahan Kuantiti Ya (/) / Tidak (X)

1 Tumbuhan Hydrilla 1 ()

2 Air suling 1 ()

3 Larutan natrium hydrogen karbonat 80 ml ()

4 Gunting 1 ()

5 Mentol 60nwatt 1 ()

6 Pembaris 1 ()

7 Jam randik 1 ()

8 Klip kertas 1 ()

9 Tabung didih 1 ()

10 Silinder penyukat 1 ()

11 Kaki retort dan pemegang 1 ()

12. Termometer 1 ()

13 Bikar 1 ()

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Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.
1. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar fotosintesis adalah keamatan cahaya
seperti dalam Rajah 2.1.

Larutan natrium hydrogen
karbonat 0.2%

Rajah 2.1
Jalankan eksperimen dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah di bawah:
1. Lekatkan klip kertas pada bahagian bawah batang Hydrilla sp. dan letakkannya ke

dalam tabung didih berisi larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat 0.2% (Rajah 2.1).
2. Apitkan tabung didih dalam keadaan menegak pada pemegang kaki retort.
3. Nyalakan mentol 60 W dengan jarak 20 cm dari Hydrilla sp.
4. Kira dan rekodkan bilangan gelembung udara yang dibebaskan dalam masa 5 minit.
5. Tukarkan larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat 0.2% di dalam tabung didih dengan

larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat 0.2% yang baharu.
6. Ulangi langkah 3 hingga 5 untuk jarak mentol dari Hydrilla sp. yang berbeza,

iaitu 30 cm dan 40 cm

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(a)Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpulipadai eksperimen ini.
Jadual hendaklan mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

● Jarak sumber cahaya (cm)
● Bilangan gelembung udara yang dibebaskan dalam masa 5 minit
● Kadar fotosintesis

Kadar fotosintesis =

( )

[3 markah]

(b)(i) Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, nyatakan satu pemerhatian.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah]
(c)Nyatakan kaedah untuk mengawal pemboleh ubah bagi eksperimen ini.

(i) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan:

……………………….…………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

……………….………………………………………………………………………………..

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(iii) Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan:

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 markah]

(d) Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah]

(e)Berdasarkan data keputusan eksperimen ini, lukis graf kadar fotosintesis melawan
jarak sumber cahaya (cm).
[3 markah]

(f) Berdasarkan graf dalam 1 (d), nyatakan hubungan antara kadar fotosintesis dan jarak
sumber cahaya (cm). Terangkan jawapan anda.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah]

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60
60

61 ENGLISH VERSION
CANDIDATES’ CHECKLIST

INSTRUCTION

You are not allowed to work with apparatus in first fifteen minutes. This period is used
to check the apparatus list, read the question and plan the experiment which will carry
out. Mark ( / ) in the box provided to check the material and apparatus prepared and
supplied.

Question 1

Bil Apparatus/Material Quantity Yes ( / ) / No (X)
1. Hydrilla sp. 1 ()
2 50 ml of distilled water 1 ()
3 0.2% of sodium hydrogen ()
80 ml
carbonate solution ()
4 Scissors 1 ()
5 60 W bulb 1 ()
6 Metre ruler 1 ()
7 stopwatch 1 ()
8 paper clips 3 ()
9 boiling tube 1 ()
10 measuring cylinder 1 ()
11 retort stand and clamp 1 ()
12. Thermometer 1 ()
13. Beaker 1

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Instruction: Answer all questions.
2. Light intensity is one of the factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis, as
illustrated in Diagram 2.1.

0.2% of sodium
hydrogen
carbonate
solution

Diagram 2.1
Carry out the experiment by using the steps below:
1. Attach a paper clip under the stem cutting of Hydrilla sp. and put them in the boiling

tube containing 0.2% of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (Diagram 2.1).
2. Clamp the boiling tube vertically to the retort stand.
3. Light the 60 W bulb with a distance of 20 cm from the Hydrilla sp.
4. Count and record the number of air bubbles released in 5 minutes.
5. Replace the 0.2% of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in the boiling tube with a

new one.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 at different distances between the bulb and the Hydrilla sp. at 30

cm and 40 cm.

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(a)Construct a table and record the data collected from this experiment. The following

titles should appear on your table:

● Distance of the light source (cm)

● Number of air bubbles released in 5 minutes

● Rate of photosynthesis

Rate of photosynthesis =

(minutes)

[3 marks]

(b)(i) Based on the experiment conducted, state one observation

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) State the inference based on the observation in (b) (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

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(c)State the method to handle the variable based on the experiment.
(i) Manipulated variable:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Responding variable :

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Fixed variable:

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

(d)State one hypothesis for this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(e) Use the graph paper provided in page 6 to answer this question.
Using the table in 1. (a), draw the graph of the rate of photosynthesis against the
distance of the light source (cm).
[3 marks]

(f) Based on the graph in 1(e), explain the relationship between the rate of
photosynthesis and the distance of the light source (cm).
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

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66

SKEMA JAWAPAN OBJEKTIF

SET - 2

No soalan Jawapan
1 D
2 C
3 B
4 A
5 A
6 C
7 A
8 A
9 C
10 C
11 B
12 B
13 B
14 B
15 C
16 B
17 D
18 A
19 A
20 B
21 D
22 D
23 A
24 A
25 D
26 A
27 C
28 C
29 C
30 D
31 A
32 C
33 C
34 A
35 A
36 A
37 D
38 A
39 C
40 D

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PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN Markah
1
PERCUBAAN SPM SET - 2 1
BAHAGIAN A 1

1. 1
(a) (i) P : Golgi apparatus / body | Jasad Golgi
Q : Mitochondrion / mitochondria | Mitokondrion / mitokondria
(ii) P1 : process / modifies protein / carbohydrates / glycoprotein
Memproses / mengubah suai protein / karbohidrat / glikoprotein
P2 : packaging protein / carbohydrates / glycoprotein
Membungkus protein / karbohidrat / glikoprotein
P3 : transport protein / carbohydrates / glycoprotein
Mengangkut protein / karbohidrat / glikoprotein

CATATAN : Mana-mana satu 1
(b) (i) Animal cells | Sel haiwan 1
1
(ii) Because it only has a plasma membrane // Because it has no cell wall
Kerana hanya mempunyai membran plasma // Kerana ridak mempunyai 1
dinding sel
Because it does not have chloroplasts
Kerana ridak mempunyai kloroplas
Because it doesn't have a vacuole
Kerana ridak mempunyai vakuol

CATATAN : Mana-mana 2

2. Markah
(a) (i) X: Glucose / Galaktose | Glukosa / Galaktosa 1
Y: Galaktose / Glucose | Galaktosa / Glukosa 1
(ii) Molecule lactose broken down 67
Molekul laktosa diuraikan

68 1
1
Into monosccharide unit // glucose and lactose 1
kepada unit-unit monosakarida// glukosa dan laktosa
through hydrolysis 1
melalui hidrolisis
by addition of one water molecule
dengan penambahan satu molekul air.

CATATAN : Mana-mana 2
(iii)

(b) As a source of energy 1
Sebagai sumber tenaga 1
As a food reserve // glycogen in animal cel l/ starch in plants
Sebagai simpanan makanan// glikogen dalam sel haiwan/ kanji dalam sel 1
tumbuhan
As a support structure which is cellulose in plant cell wall
Sebagai struktur sokongan iaitu selulosa pada sel tumbuhan

CATATAN : Mana-mana 1

3. Markah
(a) (i) W : Acid lactic fermentation | Fermentasi asid laktik 1
X : Alcohol fermentation | Fermentasi alkohol 1
(b) (i) P1 : Lactobacillus bacteria are added to milk 1
Bakteria Lactobacillus ditambah ke dalam susu
P2 : Lactobacillus acts on lactose 1
Lactobacillus bertindak ke atas laktosa
P3 : turns (lactose) into lactic acid 1
Menukarkan (laktosa) kepada asid laktik
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69 1
1
P4 : The lactic acid coagulate casein (to produce yoghurt) 1
Asid laktik menggumpalkan kasein (menjadi dadih/yogurt)
1
(c) P1 : In the absent of oxygen, yeast convert glucose to alcohol
Dalam keadaan tanpa oksigen, yis menukarkan glukosa kepada
alkohol

P2 : and carbon dioxide
dan karbon dioksida

P3 : The released carbon dioxide makes bread dough rise (and form
cavities inside the bread)
Karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan menaikkan adunan dalam roti
(dan membentuk rongga di dalam roti)

4. Markah
(a) (i) Vertebra lumbar | Lumbar vertebra 1
(ii) K ialah rawan | K is cartilage 1
yang berfungsi menyerap hentakan/mengurangkan geseran 1
which serves to absorb shocks/reduce friction 1
(b) (i) Otot kardiak | Cardiac muscle 1
(ii) Mitokondria | Mitochondria 1
(iii) Untuk membekalkan tenaga / ATP yg tinggi
To supply high energy / ATP 1
kerana otot jantung sangat aktif / tidak berhenti melakukan aktiviti
because the heart muscle is very active / does not stop doing activity

5. Markah
(a) P : Venule | Venul 1
Q : Lymphatic capillary | Kapilari limfa
(b) aided by heartbeat pulse, 1
dibantu oleh denyutan nadi jantung.

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70 1
1
changes in pressure during inhalation and exhalation of breath. 1
Perubahan tekanan semasa tarikan dan hembusan nafas
1
peristalsis in the digestive tract
peristalsis salur pencernaan
contraction of skeletal muscles,
Pengecutan otot rangka

CATATAN : Mana-mana 1
(c) Aviod being biten by mosquitos

Elakkan daripada digigit oleh nyamuk

Sleeping with mosquito netting 1
Menggunakan kelambu semasa tidur

Wearing clothing to cover the body when n outdoors 1
Memakai pakaian yang menutup badan semasa berada di luar rumah.

Applying /using mosquito repellents 1
Menggunakan ubat nyamuk

(d) Lymph contains plasma and a lesser number of leucocytes and platelets while 1
blood contains more erytrhosytes, leucocytes, and platelets.

Limfa mengandungi plasma dan bilangan eritrosit dan platelet yang
kurang sementara darah lebih eritrosit, leukosit, dan platelet.

Lymph plasma lacks proteins while blood plasma has more proteins. 1

Plasma limfa kekurangan protein sementara plasma darah
mempunyai lebih banyak protein.

Carries a low amount of O2 while blood carries a large amount of O2. 1
Membawa jumlah O2 yang rendah sementara darah membawa 70
sejumlah besar O2.

CATATAN : Mana-mana 2

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6. Markah
1
(a) (i) X Epidermis | Epidermis 1
1
Y Berkas vaskular | Vascular bundles 1
1
Mempunyai stoma / sel pengawal / lentisel untuk membolehkan wap air
1
(ii) keluar.
1
Has a stoma / guard cell / lenticel to allow water vapor to escape.
1
(b) (i) Membengkak | Swelling

Hasilan fotosintesis daripada daun tidak dapat diangkut ke akar
(ii) The results of photosynthesis from leaves cannot be transported to the

roots

kerana tisu floem telah dibuang. Akibat pengumpulan hasilan
fotosintesis maka Z membengkak.

because the phloem tissue has been removed. As a result of the
accumulation of photosynthetic products then Z swells.

Laluan P bergerak melalui dinding sel ke dinding sel berikutnya
(c)

The P pathway travels through the cell wall to the next cell wall

manakala laluan Q bergerak melalui sitoplasma sel dan plasmodesmata

while the Q pathway travels through the cell cytoplasm and
plasmodesmata

7. Markah
(a) (i) 1

(ii) S 1
(iii) Kerana bilangan kromosomnya kurang satu. 1
1
Because the number of chromosomes is less than one. 1
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(b) J
Kerana 5 jalur profail DNAnya sepadan dengan bayi
Because the 5 stripes of his DNA profile match the baby

72 1
1
Sementara bagi K & L hanya 4
While for K & L only 4
(c) Menggunakan teknik bioremedisi
Using bioremedical techniques

Iaitu bakteria / mikroorganisma yang boleh mencerna atau menguraikan 1
bahan cemar kepada tenaga. 1

That is, bacteria / microorganisms that can digest or break down
contaminants into energy.

Bakteria pengurai minyak akan menggunakan pteroleum sebagai sumber
tenaga.

Oil -decomposing bacteria will use pteroleum as an energy source.

8. Markah
1
(a) (i) P Kanji | Starch 1
1
Q Protein 1

R Selulosa | Cellulose 1

Kerana manusia tidak mempunyai enzim selulase. 1
(ii)
1
Because humans do not have the enzyme cellulase.
1
Kanji akan dicerna oleh amilase
(b) 1

Starch will be digested by amylase

untuk menghasilkan maltosa

to produce maltose

Protein akan dicernakan menjadi asid amino
(c)

Protein will be digested into amino acids

Asid amino akan diangkut ke hati melalui vena hepar portal

Amino acids will be transported to the liver through the portal hepatic
veins

Di hati asid amino akan diasimilasi membentuk protein.

In the liver amino acids will be assimilated to form proteins.

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BAHAGIAN B

9.

(a) Markah
Anther produces pollen grains 1
Anter menghasilkan butir debunga 1
1
Each microspore mother cells undergoes meiosis to produce four 1
microspores / haploid cells / tetrad 1
1
Setiap induk mikrospora menjalani meiosis untuk menghasilkan empat 1
mikrospora / sel haploid / tetrad 1
1
Microspores / haploid cells / tetrad develop into pollen grains
Mikrospora / sel haploid / tetrad berkembang menjadi debunga 1
1
Nucleus of each pollen grains divides by mitosis
Nukleus setiap debunga membahagi secara mitosis

to form tube nucleus and generative nucleus
untuk membentuk nucleus tiub dan nucleus penjana

Pollen grains transferred to the stigma // Pollination occurs
Debunga dipindahkan ke stigma // Pendebungaan berlaku

Germination of pollen grains occur forming a pollen tube
Percambahan debunga berlaku membentuk tiub debunga

The generative nucleus divides by mitosis to produce 2 male gamete
Nucleus penjana membahagi secara mitosis membentuk 2 gamet jantan

During double fertilization, one male gamete fuses with egg cell to form a
diploid zygote

Satu gamet jantan bersenyawa dengan sel telur untuk membentuk zigot
diploid

The other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid
endosperm nucleus

Gamet jantan yang satu lagi bersenyawa dengan nucleus kutub untuk
membentuk nucleus endosperma yang triploid

Zygote develops into embryo
Zigot berkembang menjadi embrio

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Triploid endosperm nucleus develops into an endosperm tissue 10
Nucleus endosperma triploid berkembang menjadi tisu endosperma Markah
MAKSIMUM

(b) Markah

By using ethylene 1
Menggunakan etilena

Keep the unripe mangoes together with the ripe ones as ripe fruit produce 1
ethylenes

Simpan buah mangga yang belum masak bersama dengan buah yang
masak kerana buah yang masak membebaskan etilena

Promote maturation of fruit quickly and evenly 1
Merangsang pemasakan buah dengan cepat dan sekata

Put unripe mangoes in the close container and spray with ethylene 1

Letak buah mangga yang belum masak di dalam bekas bertutup dan
disembur dengan etilena

Ethylene will be trapped and speed up ripening of the unripe mangoes 1
Etilena akan terkumpul dan mempercepatkan pemasakan buah

MAKSIMUM 4
Markah

(b) Markah

Auxins are produced at the shoot tips and root tips 1
Auksin dihasilkan di hujung pucuk dan hujung akar

Due to pull of gravity, more auxin accumulates on the lower side of the 1
shoot tips and root tips

Auksin berkumpul di bahagian bawah hujung pucuk dan akar disebabkan
oleh tarikan gravity.

High concentration of auxin at root tips inhibits cell elongation 1
Kepekatan auksin yang tinggi di hujung akar merencat pemanjangan sel

Growth rate of upper part side is higher than lower side 1

Kadar pertumbuhan di bahagian atas akar lebih cepat berbanding di
bahagian bawah

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causing the root grow and bend downwards / showing positive geotropism 1
menyebabkan akar membengkok ke bawah // Geotropisme positif
High concentration of auxin at shoot tip promotes cell elongation 1
Kepekatan auksin di hujung pucuk merangsang pemanjangan sel
Growth rate of lower part side is higher than upper side 1
Kadar pertumbuhan di bahagian bawah hujung pucuk lebih cepat
1
berbanding di bahagian atas 6
causing shoot grow and bend upwards / showing negative geotropism Markah
menyebabkan pucuk membengkok ke atas // Geotropisme negatif

MAKSIMUM

10. Markah
1
(a) (i)
1
Tapak pertukaran bahan antara fetus dan ibu
1
Exchange site of substances between mother and foetus
Menghasilkan hormon estrogen dan progesterone 1
4
Produces hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone Markah

Menyingkirkan bahan buangan bernitrogen / urea / karbon dioksida dari
fetus

Excretes nitrogenous waste / urea / carbon dioxide from foetus
Membekalkan nutrien kepada fetus
Provides nutrients to the foetus

MAKSIMUM

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(a) (ii) Markah

Kembar R Kembar S 1
Hasil persenyawaan satu ovum Hasil persenyawaan dua ovum

dengan satu sperma dengan dua sperma
membentuk satu zigot. membentuk dua zigot.
Product of fertilisation of two Product of fertilisation of one
sperms and two ova forming ovum and one sperm forming
two zygotes. one zygote.
Embrio tidak membahagi menjadi Embrio membahagi menjadi dua.
dua. Embryo divides into two.
Embryo does not divide into two.
Setiap fetus mempunyai plasenta Satu plasenta dikongsi oleh dua
sendiri. fetus.
Each foetus has its own placenta.
One placenta is shared between
Kandungan genetik dan sifat two foetus.
fizikal kembar adalah tidak
sama kerana mereka dibentuk Kandungan genetik dan sifat
daripada dua zigot berlainan. fizikal kembar adalah sama
kerana mereka dibentuk
The genetic makeup and physical daripada satu zigot.
appearances of these twins are
different as they are from two The genetic makeup and physical
different zygotes. appearances of these twins are
similar as they are from the
Jantina kembar mungkin sama same zygote.
atau berbeza.
Jantina kembar adalah sama.
The sex of both twins may be the The sex of both twins is the same.
same or different.

CATATAN : Guna ayat lengkap untuk membuat perbandingan. 4
MAKSIMUM Markah

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(a) (iii) Markah
Mereka mungkin mengamalkan tabiat pemakanan yang berbeza They 1
may adopt different eating habits
Mereka mungkin menjalankan aktiviti fizikal yang berlainan 1
They may engage in different physical activities
2
MAKSIMUM Markah

(b) Markah

F1 : Dadah | Drugs

Menyebabkan keguguran / janin meninggaldalam kandungan / kelahiran 1
pramatang / kecacatan kelahiran / bayi kurang jisim badan

Causes miscarriage / fetal death in pregnancy / premature birth / birth
defects / underweight baby

Yang boleh meresap daripada kapilari darah ibu kepada kapilari fetus 1
(melalui plasenta) Which can permeate from maternal blood capillaries
to fetal capillaries (via placenta)

F2 : Rokok | Cigarettes

Rokok mengandungi nikotin / karbon monoksida / karsinogen 1
Cigarettes contain nicotine / carbon monoxide / carcinogens

Dadah seperti kokain, ecstasy, metafetamin/ bahan kimia / heroin / contoh 1
yang sesuai Drugs such as cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamine /
chemicals / heroin / appropriate examples

Mengandungi bahan kimia yang berbahaya 1
Contains hazardous chemicals

Meningkatkan risiko kecacatan kelahiran / kerosakan otak / bayi 1
pramatang / bayi kurang jisim badan / janin meninggal dalam
kandungan Increased risk of birth defects / brain damage / premature
babies / underweight babies / fetuses dying in the womb

F3 : Alkohol | Alcohol

Alkohol boleh meresap dari darah ibu kepada darah fetus Alcohol can 1
seep from the mother's blood to the fetal blood

Menyebabkan kecacatan struktur wajah Causes facial structural 1
deformities

Menyebabkan masalah tumbesaran / kecacatan kelahiran / keguguran / 1
janin meninggal dalam kandungan

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Causes growth problems / birth defects / miscarriage / fetal death in the 1
womb
Bayi mengalami Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 1
Babies have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 6
CATATAN : mana 2 penjelasan bagi setiap satu. Markah
MAKSIMUM

(c) Markah

F1 : Permainan beradas | Artificial Insemenation 1

Sperma suami dikumpulkan dan disuntik masuk ke dalam tiub falopio isteri 1
The husband's sperm is collected and injected into the wife's fallopian tube

Untuk bersenyawa dengan ovum To fertilize with an ovum 1

F2 :Suntikan sperma Intra-cytoplasmic (ICSI) 1
Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Menyuntik satu sperma terus ke dalam telur untuk pensenyawaan. 1
Inject one sperm directly into the egg for fertilization.

Embrio kemudiannya dipindahkan ke rahim wanita. 1
Embryo is then transferred to the woman's uterus.

F3 : Persenyawaan in vitro In vitro fertilization 1

Oosit isteri dikeluarkan dari ovari untuk disenyawakan 1
The wife's oocytes are removed from the ovaries for fertilization

dengan sperma suami dalam piring kultur di dalam makmal 1
with the husband’s sperm in a culture dish in the laboratory

Embrio ditempel pada dinding uterus isteri. 1
The embryo is attached to the uterine wall of the wife.

CATATAN : Mana-mana 2 dua fakta (F)

MAKSIMUM 4
Markah

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BAHAGIAN C

11. Penukaran tanah pertanian kepada kawasan industri memberikan Markah
(a) beberapa manfaat. 1
1
The conversion of agricultural land to industrial areas provides several
benefits. 1
1
Pertama, ia menawarkan peluang pekerjaan 1
1
First, it offers job opportunities 1
1
dan seterusnya meningkatkan taraf ekonomi penduduk setempat serta 1
meningkatkan pendapatan negara.

and further improve the economic status of the local population as well as
increase national income.

Kedua, ia akan meningkatkan kemudahan ifrastruktur seperti jalan raya
dan elektrik.

Second, it will improve infrastructure facilities such as roads and
electricity.

Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa kesan buruk akibat
penaiktarafan tersebut.

However, there are some adverse effects as a result of the upgrade.

Pertama, ia boleh menyebabkan pencemaran udara.

First, it can cause air pollution.

Pembebasan gas karbon dioksida boleh menyebabkan kesan rumah
hijau atau peningkatan suhu.

The release of carbon dioxide gas can cause a greenhouse effect or an
increase in temperature.

Pembebasan oksida sulfur dan nitrogen boleh menyebabkan hujan asid

The release of sulfur and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain

yang boleh mencemarkan air minuman serta memusnahkan ekosistem
akuatik.

which can contaminate drinking water as well as destroy aquatic
ecosystems.

Kedua, ia juga boleh menyebabkan pencemaran bunyi yang boleh
menggangu penduduk setempat.

Second, it can also cause noise pollution that can disturb local residents.

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80 1

Ketiga, bahan-bahan kimia yang dibuang dari daripada kilang juga boleh 1
mencemarkan air
1
Third, chemicals released from factories can also contaminate water
dan seterusnya memusnahkan ekosistem akuatik. 1
and in might destroying aquatic ecosystems. 10
Keempat, ia juga boleh menyebabkan kemusnahan habitat dan Markah

ekosistem orgnisma yang menghuni kawasan padi tersebut.
Fourth, it can also cause the destruction of habitats and ecosystems of

organisms that inhabit the paddy fields.
Jaringan makanan di kawasan tersebut akan musnah
The food web in the area will be destroyed

MAKSIMUM

80

81

(b) Markah

Aktiviti pertanian menggunakan baja untuk mengekalkan kesuburan 1
tanah

Agricultural activities use fertilizers to maintain soil fertility

sebagai contoh nitrat dan fosfat. 1
for example nitrates and phosphates.

Apabila hujan, baja akan larut dan mengalir masuk ke dalam kolam. 1
When it rains, the fertilizers will dissolve and flow into the pond.

Akibatnya kandungan nutrien dalam kolam meningkat secara mendadak. 1
As a result the nutrient content in the pond increases dramatically.

Peningkatan nutrien akan menyebabkan polulasi alga meningkat secara 1
mendadak

An increase in nutrients will cause algae pollution to increase dramatically

dan fenomena ini dikenali sebagai eutrofikasi. 1
and this phenomenon is known as eutrophication.

Pada malam hari, alga tidak melakukan fotosintesis maka tiada oksigen 1
dibebaskan.

At night, the algae do not do photosynthesis so no oxygen is released.

Sebaliknya alga turut menggunakan oksigen terlarut untuk melakukan 1
respirasi.

On the other hand, algae also use dissolved oxygen to perform respiration.

Oleh itu peningkatan populasi alga akan meningkatkan nilai BOD / 1
menurunkan peratusan oksigen terlarut.

Therefore an increase in the algae population will increase the BOD value /
decrease the percentage of dissolved oxygen.

Apabila alga mati, ia akan diuraikan oleh mikroorganisma pengurai 1
When algae die, they will be broken down by decomposing microorganisms

dan proses penguraian memerlukan oksigen yang banyak. 1
and the decomposition process requires a lot of oxygen.

Akibatnya nilai BOD meningkat lagi maka peratus oksigen terlarut 1
semakin berkurangan

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82 1

As a result, the BOD value increases further and the percentage of dissolved 10
oxygen decreases Markah

Penurunan paras oksigen akan menyebabkan kematian tumbuhan
akuatik lain dan ikan-ikan di dalam kolam kerana tidak dapat
melakukan respirasi

Decreased oxygen levels will cause the death of other aquatic plants and fish in
the pond due to inability to breathe

MAKSIMUM

82

83

SKEMA JAWAPAN KERTAS 3 Score
3
1 (a) [KB0606 – Berkomunikasi]

Mark scheme
 Dapat membina jadual dengan betul berdasarkan aspek berikut:
(T): Tajuk dan unit yang betul – 1markah
(D) : Data direkodkan dengan betul - 1markah
(C) : Pengiraan Kadar fotosintesis - 1markah

** Student’s answer must show a decrease number of gas bubbles
Sample answer:

Jarak sumber Bilangan gelembung udara Kadar fotosintesis
cahaya dibebaskan dalam masa [Bilangan gelembung udara
(cm) 5 minit
dibebaskan / masa (min)]
20 9
30 7 9/5 = 1.8
40 4 7/5 = 1.4
4/5= 0.8

Dapat menyatakan mana-mana dua aspek dengan betul 2
Dapat menyatakan mana-mana satu aspek yang betul 1
Tiada respon/respon salah 0

1 (b)(i) [KB0601 – Pemerhatian] Score
1
Kriteria
Dapat menyatakan pemerhatian dengan betul berdasarkan aspek-aspek 0

berikut:
 Jarak sumber cahaya (cm) (Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan)
 Bilangan gelembung gas dibebaskan dalam masa 5 minit// Kadar

fotosintesis (Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas)

Sampel jawapan:

Pada jarak sumber cahaya 20cm, bilangan gelembung udara dibebaskan
dalam masa 5 minit adalah 9.
Atau

Pada jarak sumber cahaya 40cm, bilangan gelembung udara dibebaskan
dalam masa 5 minit adalah 4.

Menyatakan 1 aspek/ respon salah/ tiada respon

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84

1 (b)(ii) [KB0604 – Membuat inferens] Score
1
Kriteria
Dapat membuat inferens dengan tepat terhadap pemerhatian yang diutarakan

berdasarkan dua aspek di bawah:
● Keamatan cahaya tinggi/rendah

● Kadar fotosintesis tinggi/rendah

Sample answer

(Pada jarak sumber cahaya 20 cm), keamatan cahaya adalah tinggi
menyebabkan kadar fotosintesis adalah tinggi.
or

(Pada jarak sumber cahaya 40cm), keamatan cahaya adalah rendah
menyebabkan kadar fotosintesis adalah rendah.

Menyatakan 1 aspek/Tiada respon/respon salah 0

1 (c) [KB0610 – Mengawal pemboleh ubah] Score
3
Kriteria
Dapat menyatakan cara mengawal pemboleh ubah dengan betul:

i) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Jarak antara sumber cahaya dan Hydrilla
sp. diubah semasa eksperimen dijalankan dan diukur menggunakan
pembaris meter.
Atau

Gunakan jarak antara sumber cahaya dan Hydrilla sp. yang berbeza iaitu 20cm,
30cm, dan 40cm.

ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Kira dan rekodkan bilangan gelembung gas
yang dibebaskan dalam masa 5 minit melalui pemerhatian.

Atau
Kira dan rekodkan kadar fotosintesis menggunakan formula=


( )

iii) Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Tetapkan nilai voltan mentol iaitu 60watt // 2
tetapkan kepekatan natrium hydrogen karbonat iaitu 0.2 % // Tetapkan jenis 1
dan saiz Hydrilla sp. yang sama sepanjang eksperimen. 0

Dapat menyatakan mana-mana dua aspek dengan betul
Dapat menyatakan mana-mana satu aspek dengan betul
Tiada respon atau respon salah

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85

1 (d) [KB0611- Membuat hipotesis]

Kriteria Score

Dapat menyatakan hipotesis berdasarkan aspek di bawah. 2

P1: Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Jarak antara sumber cahaya dan
Hydrilla sp.// Keamatan cahaya

P2: Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Bilangan gelembung gas dibebaskan
dalam masa 5 minit// kadar fotosintesis

P3: Hubungan P1 dan P2

Sample answers:

i) Semakin tinggi keamatan cahaya, semakin tinggi kadar fotosintesis

ii) Semakin meningkat jarak antara sumber cahaya dan Hydrilla sp., semakin
rendah bilangan gelembung gas dibebaskan dalam masa 5 minit.

Dapat menyatakan P1 + P2 tanpa hubungan 1

Tiada respon atau respon salah 0

1 (d) [KB0606 – Berkomunikasi]

Kriteria Score
3
Dapat melukis graf kadar fotosintesis melawan jarak sumber cahaya (cm)
berdasarkan aspek berikut :

● P (Paksi) – Skala paksi-x dan paksi-y - 1markah
● T (Titik) – Tiga titik diplot dengan tepat - 1 markah
● B (Bentuk) – Semua titik di sambung dengan licin - 1 markah

Dapat menyatakan mana-mana dua aspek dengan betul 2
Dapat menyatakan mana-mana satu aspek dengan betul 1

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86

1 (c) [KB0608 – Menginterpretasi data] Score
`2
Kriteria
Dapat menerangkan hubungan antara Jarak sumber cahaya dan kadar 1
0
fotosintesis berdasarkan tiga aspek berikut:
R1: Hubungan - Semakin bertambah jarak sumber cahaya dari Hydrilla sp.

semakin berkurang kadar fotosintesis// Hubungan antara kadar fotosintesis
dan jarak antara sumber cahaya dan Hydrilla sp. adalah berkadar songsang.
P1: Kurang gas oksigen dihasilkan pada jarak sumber cahaya 40cm bermaksud
keamatan cahaya rendah// lebih banyak gas oksigen dihasilkan pada jarak
sumber cahaya 20 cm bermaksud keamatan cahaya tinggi
Dapat menyatakan mana-mana 1 aspek dengan betul
Tiada respon/respon salah

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87

PAPER 3 ANSWER SCHEME, SET 2 Score
3
1 (a) [KB0606 – Communication]

Mark scheme
 Able to construct a table correctly based on the following aspects:
(T): Title with correct units – 1mark
(D) : Data recorded correctly - 1mark
(C) : Rate of photosynthesis - 1mark

** Student’s answer must show a decrease in the number of air bubbles released
in 5 minutes

Distance of Number of air bubbles Rate of photosynthesis
( Number of air bubbles
the light released in 5 minutes
released/time)
source
9/5 = 1.8
(cm) 7/5 = 1.4
4/5= 0.8
20 9

30 7

40 4

Able to state any 2 items correctly 2
1
Able to state any 1 item correctly

1 (b)(i) [KB0601 – Observation] Score
1
Criteria
Able to state an observation correctly based on these two aspects: 0

 Distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp.(cm) (Manipulated
variable)

 Number of air bubbles released in 5 minutes/ Rate of photosynthesis
(Responding variable)

Sample answers:

At distance of the light source and Hydrilla sp. that is 20 cm, the number of air
bubbles released in 5 minutes is (data in number).

Or

At distance of the light source and Hydrilla sp. that is 40 cm, the number of air
bubbles released in 5 minutes is (data in number).

State any 1 aspect/No response/ Wrong response

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88

1 (b)(ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences] Score
1
Criteria
Able to make inference accurately for the observation based on these two 0
criteria

 Light intensity is low/high
 Rate of photosynthesis low/high

Sample answer

(At the distance of the light source and Hydrilla sp. 20 cm), the light intensity is
high, so the rate of photosynthesis is high/ more oxygen gas is produced
or

(At the distance of the light source and Hydrilla sp. 40 cm), the light intensity is
low, so the rate of photosynthesis is low.

No response/ Wrong response

1 (c) [KB0610 – Controlling variables] Score
3
Criteria
Able to state all 3 variables correctly based on these three aspects
i) Manipulated variable: Distance between the light source (cm) and Hydrilla sp.

is changed during the experiment and measured by the ruler.
Or

Use different distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp. (which are 20
cm, 30cm and 40cm) and measured by ruler.

ii) Responding variable: Count and record the number of air bubbles released
in 5 minutes by observation.
Or

Calculate and record the rate of photosynthesis by using formula=


( )

iii) Constant variable: Fix the voltage of the bulb that is 60 watt/ Fix the
concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate that is 0.2% / Fix the type and
size of Hydrilla sp.

Able to state any 2 aspects correctly 2
Able to state any 1 aspect correctly 1
No response or incorrect response 0

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89

1 (d) [KB0611- Making Hypothesis] Score
2
Criteria
1
Able to make a hypothesis based on the following aspects. 0

P1: Manipulated variable: Distance between the light source (cm) and Hydrilla
sp.// light intensity

P2: Responding variable: The number of air bubbles released in 5 minutes//
Rate of photosynthesis

P3: Relationship
Sample answers:
The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of photosynthesis.
The higher the distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp., the lower the

number of air bubbles released in 5 minutes.

Able to state any 2 aspects correctly

No response or incorrect response

1 (d) [KB0606 – Communication] Score
3
Criteria
Able to plot a graph based on the 3 following criteria:

 A(axes): correct title with unit and uniform scales – 1m
 P (point) : able to transfer all 3 points correctly – 1m
 S (Shape): able to draw the correct shape – 1m

Able to state any 2 aspects correctly 2
Able to state any 1 aspect correctly 1

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90

1 (c) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data] Score
2
Criteria
Able to explain the relationship between the distance of the light source and

Hydrilla sp. and rate of photosynthesis based on all two aspects :

R1: Relationship – The higher the distance of the light source and Hydrilla sp.,
the lower the rate of photosynthesis // The rate of photosynthesis is inversely
proportional to the distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp.

E1: Less oxygen gas produced at the distance of light source 40cm as the light
intensity is low// More oxygen gas produced at the distance of the light
source 20cm as the light intensity is high.

Able to state any 1 aspects correctly 1
No response/wrong answer 0

90