BQS554_GROUP 2

CENTER OF STUDIES OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
F A C U L T Y O F A R C H I T E C T U R E, P L A N N I N G A N D S U R V E Y I N G




TECHNOLOGY IN BUILDING SERVICES:
A CASE STUDY OF MERDEKA 118

BQS554 BUILDING SERVICES II

PREPARED BY:
'AINA NABIHAH BINTI MOHD ZAINAL FITHRI ( 2020621602 )
FARRA SYAHERA BINTI MD RAZIB (2020860166)
NUR IMANINA BINTI SHAMSUL IZUDDIN (2020476496)
NURMAISARAH BINTI MD HAZIM (2020601664)
NUR SYAZWAN ATIYAH BINTI MOHD SHUKRI (2020853342)
PREPARED FOR:
MADAM NAQIYATUL AMIRAH

WWW.AP2244BACHELOROFQUANTITYSURVEYING2022.COM

CONTENTS

 IN A WORLD OF TECHNOLOGY, PEOPLE MAKE THE DIFFERENCE

03 INTRODUCTION
03 Project Background
04 Overview of Technology Adopted

The Central System

06

Technologies Adopted in Building Services of

08 Merdeka 118
08 Fire Protection System
17 Electrical Supply System
21 Special Services Installation
23 Mechanical Handling System
27 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HAVC)
34 CONCLUSION
35 References

BQS554BUILDINGSERVICESII • 2022 FLIPPING BOOK

2

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT BACKGROUND

This study focuses on the construction project of Merdeka 118 skyscraper which also can be
known as Merdeka PNB 118. This building is in Jalan Hang Jebat, Petaling Street, 50150 Kuala
Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. The project first started in 2014 and although it has
been delayed due to Covid-19 pandemic, it is estimated to be completed in 2022. This project
construction is fully funded with a RM5 billion budget by its owner, PNB Merdeka Ventures SDN BHD,
wholly owned subsidiary of Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB).

Based on TheStar (2015), it is stated by the PNB president and chief executive, Tan Sri Hamad
Kama Piah Che Othman that a RM3.4 billion worth of main contract awarded to the joint venture
between Samsung C&T South Korea and UEM Group Bhd. Upon on that, this Merdeka118 tower will
be ranked as the second-tallest skyscraper in the world and the first in Malaysia and Southeast Asia
after its completion due to its 678.9 metres height and 118 storey level.

The height is revealed on 30th November 2021 when the tower is at its full height, measured
from the tip to the ground. This skyscraper’s spire was inspired by the Malaysia’s founding father
raised right hand during the declaration of this country’s independence, Tunku Abdul Rahman. This
tower offers 400,000 square metres of space for residential, commercial, observation, office, retail
and hotel purposes with all up to 292,000 square metre of floor area (The Tower Info, n.d.). Formerly
also known as KL 118 and Menara Warisan Merdeka due to its location on the site of the former
Merdeka Park located at Petaling Hill and two historical landmark buildings that adjacent to it.

According to The Tower Info (n.d.), the podium level of this building will be occupied by a
shopping centre or retail shops while 80 floors above it will be used for office purposes. Out of those
80 floors, 60 of them are reserved for the use of PNB headquarters. A hotel will be operated by Park
Hyatt which houses 12 floors of hotel rooms and 5 floors of hotel residences on the top floor of the
building. The highest floor, which is the 118th floor, is reserved for VIP space and the floor under it
which is the 117th to 114th floors will be used as space for a multi-storey observation deck. Thus,
making it one of the highest observation decks in the world. This building also will provide a
basement parking lot which can accommodate up to 5000 cars.

3

OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES ADOPTED

Honeywell, a world leader in smart building technology, has been
granted a multi-year, USD$14 million project to supply the Iconic PNB
118 Tower with intelligent buildings technologies such comprehensive
security and building management systems.

Colt Engineering is a company given the responsibility of installing
fire protection systems in PNB 118. The services offered by Colt
Engineering include consultation, design, supply & installation, test &
commissioning, maintenance, and after-sales support. The systems
used by Colt Engineering are compliant with CIFS, LPC, NFPA, and FM
Standards, serving residential and commercial buildings as well as
sectors like oil and gas, petrochemical, and power generation that
require higher levels of protection.

Other than that, lighting on each open office floor will be controlled
by KNX DALI. A KNX daylight sensor ensures uniform illumination
throughout the day, while a presence sensor monitors activity on each
floor. All of the windows have motorized blinds that operated using
the KNX system. All the floors are connected to Building Automation
System (BAS) via BACNET KNX to enable full control of the entire
building. KNX sensors will also provide information to BAS in order to
control HVAC via BAS. There is also green initiatives that Merdeka 118
take to be innovate which is solar hydronic panels.

After that, KONE is as a global leader in the elevator and escalator
industry that provides elevators, escalators and automatic building
doors, as well as solutions for maintenance and modernization .
Therefore, according to press conference by KONE, KONE wins order
for PNB 118, the tallest building in Malaysia which means KONE will be
supplying 105 elevators and escalators to PNB 118.

Air handling equipment and centrifugal chillers for the Merdeka
PNB118 project will be provided by Carrier (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. In UTC
Climate, Controls & Security, a division of United Technologies Corp.,
a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Carrier, a global
pioneer in cutting-edge heating, cooling, and refrigeration systems.

4

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED IN BUILDING
SERVICES OF MERDEKA 118

FIRE PROTECTION ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM SUPPLY SYSTEM

Smoke Detectors Time and lighting control, climate
Fire Sprinklers control and KNX building
Smoke Curtain automation via VARIA control
Fire Door panels
Solar hydronic panel

SPECIAL SERVICES MECHANICAL
INSTALLATION HANDLING SYSTEM

Access Control, Security, KONE highly innovative
Surveillance via Enterprise Destination Control Systems
Buildings Intergrator R500, Digital
Video Manager (DVM) R620
HONEYWELL.
Building Automation System via
BACNET KNX

HEATING, VENTILATION AND
AIR CONDITIONING(HAVC)

Centrifugal chillers and air handling equipment will be provided by Carrier
(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Modern two-stage compressors and three-dimensionally enhanced heat transfer
pipes are used in Carrier's AquaEdge 19XR two-stage centrifugal chillers

5

THE CENTRAL
SYSTEM

6

THE CENTRAL SYSTEM

HONEYWELL -ENTERPRISE
BUILDINGS INTERGRATOR
(EBI) R500

Merdeka PNB 118 had used services from HONEYWELL Enterprise
Buildings Intergrator R500 (Business, 2018). EBI R500 provides
operators, supervisors, and managers with a sophisticated Web-based
user interface to enable personnel to easily monitor and control
buildings at one or more sites. It is an open system architecture that
consolidates supervisory functions such as alarm, events, reporting and
control into a common user framework. EBI then allows clients to
choose from a variety of controllers such as BACnet BMS or any BACnet
IP or BACnet MS/TP controller, standard hardware devices, and
communications interfaces that can be integrated into a central system
that maximizes the performance of the building or facility. EBI allows
remote Smart Phone and Tablet access for full automated monitoring
and control of the facility.

EBI is an integrated sequences of operation that
allow events in one subsystem to automatically and
directly trigger events in another system. Total
integration of Access Control, Security, Surveillance,
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Energy
Management and Life Safety systems.

EBI R500 FEATURES

Platform and Security Alarm Management, Enterprise Model, Software Update
Service, Policy Enforcer, Windows operating system compliance.
Mobility and Remote Access HTML5, smartphone access via EasyMobile, full
featured tablet access.
Intelligent Integration Building Manager, Security Manager, Life Safety
Manager, Digital Video Manager, Energy Manager.
Access Control Access Control solutions by adding Temaline Voyager iClass
support, IdentIPoint logical security extensions, PCSC fault tolerant, and Visitor
Management improvements to audit visitor assets and simplify visitor
registration.
Distributed Systems Architecture Scalable system comprised of independent
nodes which can share information to create a fully distributed yet fault
tolerant architecture.

7

FIRE
PROTECTION

SYSTEM

8

INTRODUCTION

One of the most essential systems to be considered in the
planning and construction of every building is the fire protection
system. If a fire breaks out, the building will be prepared and able
to contain and put out the fire thanks to the fire protection
system. The Active Fire Protection System (AFPS) and the Passive
Fire Protection System (PFPS) are the two main components of
the fire protection system. These components are further broken
down into their individual sub-components, each of which has
unique properties and purposes. Building fire hazards are those
that could endanger people's lives, the structure of the building,
and their property through accident or deliberate fire. Building
fire hazards have significantly changed in terms of their severity
and adaptability due to the globalized, rapid development
(Kodur, Kumar, & Rafi, 2019).

From the perspective of life safety, active fire protection systems
(sprinklers, heat and smoke detectors, etc.) are more essential
because they are made to detect and control or extinguish fire in
its early stages. Contrarily, passive fire protection systems
(structural and non-structural building components) are intended
to control the spread of the fire while still maintaining structural
stability. Their main objective is to minimize financial losses while
providing enough time for firefighting and rescue efforts. Thus, in
basic terms, active fire protection is essentially about spotting,
putting out, and escaping fire. While passive fire protection entails
keeping the fire under control and preventing its spread. In order
to stop, detect, alert, restrict, and possibly suppress a developing
fire, you need both an active and passive fire safety system
working together. Neither passive fire protection nor active fire
protection is more effective than the other. Each system operates
simultaneously with the other at the same time.

9

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

10

Active Fire Protection System

According to Control Fire Systems (2021), an active fire protection
system does something in an effort to put out a fire before it spreads.
They can start with detection, in which case the building is alerted to an
emergency, and the fire department is called. After that, they move on to
suppression, where they engage in physical activity in an effort to break
the cycle of the fire and prevent it from spreading. Finally, active fire
protection systems can help with ventilation before, during, and after a
fire to keep exits clear and reduce potentially dangerous atmospheric
conditions as people try to leave a building.

Smoke/Gas detectors

Fire sprinkler system

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

11

SMOKE/GAS
DETECTORS

SYSTEM BENEFITS

The main goal of a fire detection system is Smoke alarms frequently detect
to warn building occupants through use of issues more quickly and with
audio and visual means. The fire greater accuracy.
suppression and control system will be Can identify various smoky and
activated following the detection of a fire, gaseous substances
enabling the execution of firefighting
operations. LIMITATIONS
The presence of smoke particles is
detected by smoke detectors. Smoke must Need professional to install wired
move from the source to the detector for a smoke detectors
smoke detector to detect these particles. Does not function if the battery runs
The likely fire locations and smoke travel out or there is a power outage.
routes from each of these fire locations
should be identified before evaluating a
specific building or location for detector
layout. Actual field tests should be
performed wherever possible. The common
points where smoke travels would be the
ideal locations for smoke detectors to be
installed.

UBBL-SECTION SPACE IMPLICATION(LEE, 2019)
225 (1)
The 30ft. (9.1 m) recommended spot type smoke
Every building shall be detector spacing is based on the installation of the
provided with means of detector on a smooth, 3 m high ceiling. Because most
detecting and buildings have flat sidewalls, detector coverage is
extinguisher fire and frequently shown as a square. Similar to a spot-type
alarms together with heat detector, a smoke detector's coverage area is a
illuminated exit signs in circle with a radius that is 0.7 times the spacing
accordance with the specified. The size and shape of the detector coverage
requirements as square can be changed because the entire area
specified in the Tenth covered by the detector is capable of picking up
Schedule to these By smoke from fire.
Laws

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

12

FIRE SPRINKLER
SYSTEM

SYSTEM BENEFITS(RIYO, 2019)

The sprinkler system is a wet pipe system that is one Use less water than fire brigade,
of the most frequently used in modern buildings. hydraulic hose reels and fire
Based on LPC requirements, this system is hydrants
hydraulically designed to deliver a water spray Automatic and responsive in all
density as per the following schedule. One flow switch situations
and one isolation valve with a micro switch are Easy and simple system
installed on each floor of the building. For ease of
maintenance, the flow switch and isolation valve have LIMITATIONS(RIYO, 2019)
been installed right outside the main tee off from the
main distribution pipe for their corresponding floors. Must be manually readjusted if
Reimer, Zhang, Jansen, Angelmahr, & Schade (2022) sprinkler heads move out of
stated that, the thermosensitive component of the fire alignment.
sprinkler system connected to the piping water This system may not work during
system is called the fire sprinkler head. A specific the winter due to freezing of water
temperature will automatically activate the head in in the pipes
the event of a fire outbreak, putting out the flames.
The frame, cap, deflector, and glass bulb make up the
majority of the sprinkler head's components. The
chosen sprinkler head's glass bulb is a heat-sensitive
component. In order to put out the fire, it shatters at
the activation temperature, releasing the cap and
spraying water onto the deflector.

UBBL-SECTION SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
228 (1-2)

1.Sprinkler valves shall be
located in a safe and
enclosed position on
the exterior wall and
shall be readily
accessible to the Fire
Authority.

2.All sprinkler systems
shall be electricity
connected to the
nearest fire station to
provide immediate and
automatic relay of the
alarm when activated.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

SMOKE DETECTORS 13
INSTALLATION
FIRE SPRINKLERS
(Bowman, 2021) INSTALLATION

Select a wall or ceiling (Trethewey, 2011)

01 surface that is 12 inches Determine the

away from the ceiling 01 system layout
and is not draughty
Begin the
02 To activate the alarm,
either install the 02 installation with
battery or remove the
protective tab from the piping works
battery.
Install the valve,
03 Attach the mounting
bracket then connect 03 sprinkles, and
the smoke detector
other components
04 Testing. It should emit a
loud noise that is audible 04 Testing
to everyone nearby.
The system is
The system is ready for ready for use if

05 use if testing reveals no 05 testing reveals

issues. no issues.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

14

Passive Fire Protection System

Systems that function as a secondary fire protection are called passive
fire protection systems. They are materials for building work that are
constantly available and present inside the building. While acting to
contain fire, save lives, and defend structures, they do not engage in
actual hands-on firefighting. As a result, they are independent of the
operation of any mechanical or electrical device, unlike active fire
protection systems, which are. The passive fire protection system is
positioned evenly throughout the building's floors to provide easy
access to occupants in case of an emergency.

Smoke Curtain
Fire Door

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

15

SMOKE
CURTAIN

SYSTEM BENEFITS

Heat and smoke cannot move from one Invisible Design
location to another thanks to smoke Simple installation
containment systems. These frequently take Energy-efficient systems
the shape of actual barriers, like smoke
curtains. Fixed or moveable smoke curtains are LIMITATIONS
typically used to either channel smoke in a
predetermined direction, stop or delay smoke Can't withstand prolonged exposure
entry into another area or void, or create a to direct flames
smoke reservoir by containing and restricting Can withstand temperatures only
the movement of smoke. The curtain is made up to about 1000˚F (600˚C).
of pliable, heat-resistant fabric which is 0.4
mm thick glass fibre with a weight of 455 g/m
that is highly resistant to hot air and smoke
and is wound around a circular tube. Upon
receiving a signal from a fire detection system,
the electric motor in the tube automatically
unrolls the fabric while keeping the curtain
drawn back to the ceiling. The fabric's bottom
edge has a bottom bar fitted to it to keep it
taut and give the curtain a suitable finish when
it is pulled back (Engineering, 2020).

UBBL- SECTION INSTALLATION(SG ARCHITECTURAL SPECIALTIES,
161. (1) 2017)

Any fire stop required 1.Set dimension
by the provision of this 2.The installation starts with head boxes, drive
Part shall be so formed
and positioned as to systems, motor, and then shafts.
prevent or retard the 3.Set the controllers in place. Electricians can do and
passage of flame.
finish the designated work once the controllers are
mounted.
4.Putting the bottom and top pans in place
5.Attach curtains. The curtain will be functional and
ready for testing once it is fastened to the top and
bottom pans.
6.Applying finish material. After the initial testing is
completed, the finishing material will be applied.
7.Carry out final tests.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PAGE

16

FIRE DOOR

SYSTEM BENEFITS

Buildings must have fire-rated doors in They have smoke-reduction functionalities that
order to safeguard occupants, prevent the prevent the transmission of smoke.
spread of smoke and flames, and reduce Capable of preventing major damage to the rest
overall property damage. Additionally, of the property.
they provide heat resistance and enable The door can endure a fire for 20 to 90 minutes
speedy exit from the building in an or perhaps even longer, depending on the fire
emergency. These doors are an important rating of the door.
part of a building's protection system Increases the possibility of people escaping the
because they automatically close and building
open when a fire is detected in the
building (Facilitator, 2021). LIMITATIONS
In the construction of fire doors, they are
made up of various components. The door Compared to a standard door, it is
is typically constructed from a solid timber heavier and more obstructive.
frame, but it is also occasionally possible A door that must remain closed at
to combine materials like glass panes with all times forbids airflow.
other materials like gypsum, steel, wood,
vermiculite, and aluminium (Facilitator,
2021).

ADDITIONAL INFO UBBL SECTION

In order to comply with UBBL- UBBL-SECTION 162. (1)
Section 164(1), the automatic Fire doors of the appropriate FRP shall be provided
door closer hinge and device
were installed. Installing this UBBL-SECTION 162. (2)
device serves to fulfil the fire Opening in compartment walls and separating walls
rated door's intended purpose, shall be protected by a fire door having a FRP in
which is for it to always be accordance with the requirements for that wall
closed. specified in the Ninth Schedule to these By-Laws

UBBL-SECTION 164. (1)
All fire doors shall be fitted with automatic door
closers of the hydraulically spring operated type in
the case of swing doors and of wire rope and weight
type in the case of sliding door

ELECTRICAL
SUPPLY
SYSTEM

17

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Lighting

A Brief Story System
About Lighting System

In today's world, industrial sites, residential buildings, and
workplaces all benefit from good lighting systems. An proper
lighting system may enhance efficiency and quality while also
having a good impact on people's daily lives, according to
empirical and practical studies. A good lighting system also
directly affects a healthy society, public safety, aesthetics, and
the cost of energy usage. Additionally, energy loss may be
avoided if the bulbs are selected wisely and placed in
accordance with an efficient lighting system. Depending on the
use of the space, different areas require different levels of light
intensity. The energy crisis has developed into a really difficult
problem during the previous ten years. However, a proper
lighting system, which is with appropriate lamps and
appropriate arrangement can greatly reduce energy
consumption (Abdollahi, 2021).

Natural Lighting

The 88-meter-diameter dome and open
racetrack floor layout, which will allow natural
light to enter all levels of the 7-storey spaces,
will be the mall's defining features. Shoppers
will enjoy natural lighting with a dome-focused
view of the tower.

This is accomplished by curtain wall
installation. The glass panels, which provide
360-degree vistas, enable us to utilize natural
light on all floors, cutting down on energy use.
The high energy efficient performance coated
insulated unitized curtain wall system with
selected motorized automatic sunshades are
utilized as appropriate for the climate. An ideal
interior environment that encourages natural
light, together with daylight glare reduction,
acoustic optimization, and temperature
control, are all components of the plan to
create a more welcoming environment (The
Edge, 2021).

This project is mostly concerned with smart.
Using features that are both practically useful
and commercially feasible, best practices
design. The project has a focus on carefully
choosing its materials, including utilizing locally
produced or recycled materials.

18

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Solar Hydronic Panel

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) concepts include efficient energy use system such as solar
hydronic panels. Solar hydronic or solar thermal technology uses an evacuated tube collector system
situated on a roof. Sun shining on the solar collectors heats a special fluid within the tubes. The fluid then
pumps into heat exchange coils in a heavily insulated storage tank (ENERGY MATTERS, 2022).

There many green initiatives that Merdeka 118 take to be innovate include solar hydronic panels. It is
sufficient for the entire hot water supply needs of the Park Hyatt hotel, LED lighting throughout the building
and generate power capture from the lift. These efforts are small steps but if we implement them in our
daily lives at work, they can contribute to creating a greater impact that redefines sustainable living at the
workplace (The Edge, 2021)

BENEFITS

Have high energy
efficiency
Lower carbon footprint
Eco-friendlier due to it
renewable energy
Ensuring availability in
supplying hot water
Provide sufficient energy
for LED lighting

LIMITATION

Annual maintenance is
recommended to check
the pump and antifreeze
Exposed to corrosion
Installation cost will be
costly

SPACE IMPLICATION

Hydronic heating and solar hot
water systems require very little, if
any ongoing maintenance. Once
installed they should perform for
their forecast lifespan virtually
maintenance free
Solar panel need to be located
directly to the sun

INSTALLATION

Mount the solar collectors on the
roof
Install the solar storage tank and
heat exchanger next to
conventional water heater
Install the piping and pump for
the glycol loop
Install the water piping
Install the controls
Fill the system
Insulate the water and glycol lines

19

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Lighting System Control

As long as there have been electric artificial lights,
there have been lighting controls. Instead of the
straightforward ON/OFF switch, lighting controls
today typically relate to some kind of electronic or
automated solution. Lighting controls develop to
be more flexible, with all the lighting application
control needs in a single system

According to CEO Paul Sebastian Schwenk, (2022), there are around 5,800
Theben devices are to be installed. Including DALI and KNX products and
devices will be controlled via VARIA control panels. the VARIA control
panels are also will be installed in the staircases, toilets, office areas and
the corridors.

VARIA Control Panel

Installation Benefits

Installation should only be carried out by Have automatic occupancy detection
a professional electrician Have switching light
The device can be installed in flush- Can control light constantly
mounted sockets in walls and is designed Have time-shift actuators in the parking
for use in a normal environment. garage
Professional installation of bus lines and Staircase light function with dimming function
commissioning of devices requires Have dimming actuators for the podium and
compliance with the provisions of EN actuators for blind control in the catering
50428 for switches or similar installation sector
equipment for use in building systems Can control all room function and system
technology! Tampering with, or making with programming and lighting management
modifications to, the device will invalidate capability
the guarantee Energy efficiency

Limitation Space Implication

Need power supply like electric to Lighting control
use the light system control Can change space appearance
Only to be used in closed room Facilitate different function of
Need to dispose of device in space
environmentally sound manner Alter atmosphere and mood
Increase user satisfaction by
providing users the ability to
control their light

20

SPECIAL
SERVICES

21

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

SECURITY SYSTEM

SURVEILLANCE SECURITY
CAMERA

According to the (Business, 2018), INTERGRATION OF PRO-WATCH
Merdeka PNB 118 includes the
installation of Digital Video Manager Digital Video Manager seamlessly
(DVM) R620. Unlike proprietary digital
video recorders (DVRs), DVM allows you integrates with Honeywell’s Pro-
to deliver system hardware and
software upgrades independently. This Watch Security Management
lowers your support costs and ensures a
“future-proof” upgrade path. Software, including the user

The basic system architecture in this interface, the alarm and event
surveillance security camera consists of
a Database Server and a Camera Server, subsystems, and controllers.
which may be installed on the same
machine. Additional Camera Servers can Operators are no need to watch a
be added to the architecture to support video monitor wall, manually call up
larger numbers of cameras. cameras, or search through dozens of
tapes to find the associated
DATA BASE SERVER information. Operators can view and
move cameras from a single
DVM can integrate with building's workstation while simultaneously
legacy CCTV equipment and take full monitoring and controlling doors and
advantage of LAN TCP/IP network hallways.
technologies to deliver software-based
camera switching and control, as well OTHER POWERFUL FEATURES
as digital recording. This revolutionary
architecture makes it remarkably easy Dedicated Alarm Monitors: If an
to add or relocate cameras within alarm/event occurs in the Pro-Watch
building’s network without the need for system, or video motion is detected, a
any dedicated coaxial cables. camera can be automatically icon will be
displayed on an alarm monitor signifying that
DVM’s advanced Fault Management there is a video clip attached to the event.
features far exceed those of other
digital video systems. With DVM, the Dedicated Surveillance Monitors: An
Database Server is available in a operator may switch cameras, sequence
redundant configuration, so that if the views and quad views on dedicated
Master Database Server fails, the monitors.
system immediately switches to the
Backup Database Server. This minimizes
disruption and ensures that recording
continues uninterrupted.

22

MECHANICAL
HANDLING
SYSTEM

23

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

KONE HIGHLY INNOVATIVE
DESTINATION CONTROL SYSTEMS

KONE will be supplying 105 ele
vators and escalators to KL118 Tower, a

118-storey mixed use tower developed by PNB Merdeka Ventures Sdn
Bhd in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Yusuf,2021)
Therefore, one of the technologies that to used for monitor and
operates elevator was KONE highly innovative Destination Control
Systems.
KONE highly innovative Destination Control Systems is a destination
control system that incorporates desired destination floors and the
number of waiting passengers to significantly improve elevator
convenience and efficiency

THE APLICATION

Unlike traditional method  destination control systems that only
register the desired travel direction (KONE,2018)
KONE Destination use artificial intelligence to study and estimate
traffic flows in a building. When the intensity of traffic changes,
The control system evaluates the changing traffic patterns and
modifies its optimization methods accordingly.
Passenger waiting times and elevator energy usage can be minimised
during low traffic hours, while elevator handling capacity is improved
during high traffic periods.
It was advanced technology and flexibility enable elevator efficiency
and passenger convenience in one elevator control system.
It also operates with clear instruction, no unnecessary stops, and fewer
crowded elevators by sending individuals to elevators based on their
intended floor.
Furthermore, it has attractive, user-friendly operational panels, such
as an elevator control system with touchscreens and mobile apps for
smartphones.

24

KONE highly innovative Destination MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM
Control Systems

HOW IT WORKS ? KSP 853 is an attractive, surface-mounted

destination operating panel
SELECT FLOOR OR SHOW YOUR CARD
Choose your destination floor at the operating panel, via KSP 858 destination operating panel
our mobile application or show your access card at that incorporates capacitive touchscreen
turnstile. The display will tell you which elevator you have technology and a highly intuitive interface
been assigned to.
KONE Remote Call is an innovative mobile
FIND YOUR ELEVATOR application for smartphones.
Move to the elevator that has been assigned to you. As
you approach, you can see which one is yours by checking Alternatively, receptionist can use Remote
to the identifier above each elevator Call on tablet to call elevators for visitors.

ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY
Enjoy a quick ride in a uncrowded car. The next stop
indicator on the car operating panel displays the stops the
elevator will make.

INSTALLATION PROCESSS

(David.L,2021)
Installation is by programmer that specialize in
programming for AI.
The programming environment for AI and Machine
Learning is being installs in a package that creates the
virtual environment, specifies the python version, creates
and activates the virtual environment, and upgrades the
pip package manager.
After that a system being install for supporting and
main packages that are most frequently used for AI and
Machine Learning.
Next, for traffic forecasting learns from historical elevator
data to forecast upcoming traffic and proactively
change elevator group behaviours.
Fuzzy logic identifies the state of the current traffic
situation so that the elevator control system can react
accordingly
The genetic algorithm calculates which elevator is the
best choice for each call based on the current situation
Multi-objective optimization adjusts the waiting and
travel time based on the current traffic situation

25

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

Benefit

More handling capacity (KONE,2018)
The handling capacity of the elevator group is improved because of the system
efficiency

Improved comfort
Passengers can select their destination floor before entering the elevator. Also
passengers, can take their time walking to their designated elevator because the
system knows the journey time from the operational panel to the car.

Better security
KONE Destination enables the elevator system to be integrated with the building’s
access control system. Occupants can use access cards and PIN codes,
restricting unauthorized use of elevators

Easier accessibility
For people who need more time and space, an accessibility function can be
activated with a card reader or a special button.

Enhanced guidance
The optional elevator destination indicator shows the selected destination floors.

Limitation

During elevator maintenance, you might expect people
flow capacity to decrease when elevators are out of
service or when there are old and new elevator groups
operating in the same lobby area.

Space Implication

KONE Destination will assigns the correct number of
passengers to each elevator and each elevator only
serves specific range of floors, cars are much less likely
to become crowded.

26

HVAC
SYSTEM

27

HVAC SYSTEM HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING(HAVC)
A Brief intro
About Automatic HVAC Sytem.

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is
referred to as HVAC. The term HVAC refers to the
many systems used for heating, cooling, and
transporting air between interior and outdoor
spaces in both residential and commercial
structures. These are the mechanisms that keep
you comfortable and warm in the winter and
cool and energised in the summer. Additionally,
these are the devices that maintain comfortable
humidity levels and clean indoor air to keep you
healthy.

Heating and cooling

Air handling equipment and centrifugal chillers for the Merdeka PNB118
project will be provided by Carrier (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. In UTC Climate,
Controls & Security, a division of United Technologies Corp., a company
listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Carrier, a global pioneer in cutting-
edge heating, cooling, and refrigeration systems, is a component.

Modern two-stage compressors and three-dimensionally enhanced heat
transfer pipes are used in Carrier's AquaEdge 19XR two-stage centrifugal
chillers, which are being supplied. When operated in accordance with Air-
Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute specifications, the chillers
may achieve a coefficient of performance of up to 6.5 (Ching, 2017).

28

HVAC SYSTEM HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING(HAVC)

What Is the Process of an HVAC System?

The fact that HVAC equipment moves air is crucial to understand. In general, there is a
mechanism in place to transport warm air somewhere else, either into or out of the
house. The furnace, heat pump, and air conditioner in a house extract or generate heat,
which is then moved about the house with the aid of the blower and ductwork.
the central air A living, breathing system that works as a whole is the HVAC system. The
components and procedures that support the effective operation of both the heating
and cooling systems frequently overlap, thus they are not completely separate from
one another.

FEATURES OF HVAC SYSTEM IN PNB 118

Refrigerant: R-134a, R-513A AquaEdge® - Two-stage centrifugal liquid
chiller 19XR/XRV
centrifugal compressor
Theoretical cooling power: 2 800–10 500 kW
The Carrier 19XR/19XRV offers great value by attaining energy efficiency
levels as high as 6.8 (COPr) using tried-and-true technology created
especially for chlorine-free refrigerants. It has a COP up to 6.5 (AHRI
circumstances) and an IPLV up to 7.4 or up to 10.5 with VFD centrifugal
chillers.

- Compressor with two stages.
- An interstage saver.
- Leading Efficiency in the Industry with VFD.
- Wide Applicability
- Stable performance.
- A quiet environment.
- Modular Building.

39TD Air Handling Unit
Airflow range: 2,000–50,000 m3/h

Superior casing performance, Double Wall Construction, and
Custom Built

- Small and appropriate for use with a conventional air
conditioning system
- New casing construction
- Multipurpose choices
- Applications with flexibility
- Simple operation
- Options for UVGI and high
-performance filtering

29

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING(HAVC)

AIR HANDLING UNITS

AHU, or air handling unit, is a common acronym. An air handling unit is a piece of equipment that handles
air, as the name suggests. It has a very basic internal structure. The central air conditioning system's beating
heart is the air handling unit (AHU). It gathers indoor and outdoor air, filters out dust and other debris,
modifies the temperature and humidity, and then uses ducts to distribute cool, pleasant air conditioning into
the rooms (n.d).

An air handling unit, in essence, is a sizable interior piece of commercial air conditioning machinery. This
enormous "indoor unit" is mounted on a building's roof or along an outside wall. In order to cool or heat the
rooms, it creates chilly or warm air. Air handling systems, in contrast to standard commercial air
conditioners, are often constructed by request for specific buildings. In addition, air handling systems can be
modified by attaching a humidifier, filter, and additional controls for temperature, humidity, air flow, and air
quality within.

INSTALLATION BENEFITS

Installation should only be carried out by without cooling towers.
a professional electrician. No water waste means better environmental stability.
Below is general steps to install the low expenses for upkeep.
chillers component: Control-tower freezing and tower bypass are gone,
Step 1: Carefully Inspect Unit & Chiller therefore operation is simpler.
Positioning saved chemical expenses.
Step 2: Piping Connections minimised water expenses, especially in urban areas.
Step 3: Verifying Power & Reset Breakers No water issues to cope with in the event of a
Step 4: Filling & Flushing Reservoir catastrophe.
Step 5: Turn Door Switch to Run Position
Step 6: Verify Glycol Pressure & Pump LIMITATION
Rotation
Step 7: Open up Supply Valve & Flush System Air handling equipment also have its limitations. The
Step 8: Drain Water facility as a whole won't have air conditioning if the air
Step 9: Adding Glycol & Turn Pump On handling unit breaks down. In order to offer backup, it is
Step 10: Door Switch on & Valve open important to build multiple air handling units.
Step 11: Adjust Thermostat
Step 12: Setting Temperature Protection

PAGE 30

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING(HAVC)

AIR HANDLING UNITS

SPACE IMPLICATION

In medium to large commercial and industrial
buildings, air handling units often abbreviated as
A.H.U.—can be found.
They are often found on a building's floors, on the
roof, or in the basement. AHUs will be used to heat
or cool a specific zone or section within a building,
such as the east side, floors 1 through 10, or
possibly only the restrooms. Multiple AHUs are
therefore frequently found all around a structure
(Evans, 2021).
Some structures, especially historic high-rise
structures, will only have one sizable AHU, which is
often situated on the roof. The entire structure will
be supplied by them. Some older systems rely on
the air just seeping out of the structure and may not
even have a return duct (Evans, 2021). Due to its
extreme inefficiency, this design is less prevalent in
new construction nowadays. Instead, many smaller
AHUs feeding various zones are more typical. We
need a return duct to control the pressure within
the structures because they are also more airtight.

PAGE 31

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING(HAVC)

Centrifugal Chillers

A chiller of some kind is used by a high-performance commercial HVAC system to remove
heat from the inside circulating air. In certain places, removing excess heat just requires the
use of air or water. The majority of HVAC systems use a compressor system to circulate a
heat-absorbing refrigerant around a coil. The vapour compression cycle is used by
centrifugal chillers to cool water. It releases the heat from the compressor along with the
heat that was gathered from the cooled water into a water loop. A cooling tower is used to
chill the water loop. The widespread usage of centrifugal chillers is due to their lack of many
moving parts. They last a long time and are simple to maintain. Centrifugal chillers have a
compact footprint and a high cooling capacity (IMS, 2022).

BENEFITS

The necessary cooling capacity may be provided by
centrifugal chillers with a very compact footprint while
yet operating at extremely high efficiency levels.

Centrifugal chillers may really operate at full capacity
while yet retaining excellent energy-efficiency, which
results in reduced operating expenses for the
customer.

LIMITATION

Due to high speed, material strength, precision
machining, and tight quality control in
manufacturing
Single stage compressor at low load prone to
surge.
Efficiency rapidly declines when operating
conditions differ from the design parameters.
The capacity of the refrigerator decreased
dramatically with the decreasing number of
revolutions and the evaporation temperature,
which reduced the size of the piston more
quickly.

PAGE 32

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Centrifugal Chillers

(cont'd)

INSTALLATION

Installation should only be carried out by a

professional electrician.

Below is general steps to install the chillers

component: BENEFITS

Step 1: Carefully Inspect Unit & Chiller

Positioning

Step 2: Piping Connections

Step 3: Verifying Power & Reset Breakers

Step 4: Filling & Flushing Reservoir

Step 5: Turn Door Switch to Run Position

Step 6: Verify Glycol Pressure & Pump

Rotation

Step 7: Open up Supply Valve & Flush System

Step 8: Drain Water

Step 9: Adding Glycol & Turn Pump On

Step 10: Door Switch on & Valve open

Step 11: Adjust Thermostat

Step 12: Setting Temperature Protection

SPACE IMPLICATION

IMedium and large buildings typically employ chilled
water systems. Chiller plants serve as centralised
cooling systems, supplying cooling to a single building
or even a number of them.

Cooled water is used in chilled water systems to cool
buildings by absorbing heat from their interior areas.
The chiller then uses the refrigeration cycle to remove
heat from the water. That takes place in the chiller's
evaporator.

The compressor, which also serves as the process's
motor, consumes the most energy. It is crucial to have
an effective compressor because of this. The heat is
then transmitted from the chiller's condenser to the
condenser water in the case of a water-cooled chiller
or straight to the outside air in the case of an air-cooled
chiller.

PAGE 33

CONCLUSION

The city of Kuala Lumpur has expanded significantly since the Petronas Twin Tower was
built in the late 1990s. Following this point, new construction has often consisted of 20–
30 story residential and commercial structures that spread out from the centre to form a
backdrop fabric. Kuala Lumpur's expansion will be scaled up by the Warisan merdeka
construction, notably the landmark merdeka PNB 118, which will also tie the developing
CBD together and offer more clarity to the city skyline.

The Merdeka PNB 118 is a famous skyscraper with Malaysians at its heart. It is a
structure with a conscience. The highest skyscraper in Malaysia will be this new
monument in Kuala Lumpur, celebrating the country's heritage and shining a light on its
promising future.
Therefore all technologies that consist in PNB 118 project such as fire protection system,
electrical supply system, special services system, mechanical handling system and
HAVC system will benefited the customers.

34

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37