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1 | Page Hubungi kami di: https://www.facebook.com/fpnuitmn9s3 https://nsembilan.uitm.edu.my/seremba n/index.php/component/sppagebuilder/? view=page&id=13 D iterbitkan oleh: Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1 Seremban 3 70300 Seremban Negeri Sembilan, MALAYSIA Tel : 606-6342000 Faks : 606-6335812 Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Penafian: Sebarang maklumat yang terkandung dalam majalah ini merupakan pengetahuan dan pendapat peribadi penulis artikel. Pembaca dinasihatkan untuk mendapatkan pandangan profesional sebelum mengikuti manamana maklumat dalam majalah ini. Pihak universiti, penerbit dan sidang redaksi tidak akan bertanggungjawab dan menanggung sebarang risiko atas kerugian secara langsung atau tidak langsung atas maklumat yang dipaparkan. Penaung : Prof. Dr Yamin Yasin Penasihat: Dr Mohd Shariman Shafie Pengerusi: Dr Salwa Muda Penyunting: Dr Dalila Daud PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim PM Dr Norlaila Md Zin Dr Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique Dr Salwa Muda Rafizan Abdul Razak Penyusun Bahan : Ja’izah Abdul Jabar Musliha Musman Wan Mardyatul Miza Wan Tahir Susun Atur dan Pelaporan Berita Dalaman : Siti Mariam Abdul Halim PM Noryati Md Noor Ida Haryanti Mohd Noor Siti Hawa Shuid e I S S N : Akma Hidayu Dol @ Abdul Wahid Amariah Hanum Hussin Pereka Grafik: Norhidayah Ismail Saflina Azis Hak Cipta Terpelihara © FPN 2023
2 | Page Isi Kandungan: Perkara Muka Surat Dari Meja Pengarang……………………………………………………………………………...... 3 Future Education: The benefits and challenges of integrating AI into the education world…. 4 Characteristics of Organisational Life Cycle Stages………………..…………………..……….. 6 Cooperative in Malaysia…………………………………….……………………………………… 9 Love Scam: How Did It Start?……………………………………………………………………... 11 Madani Concept and Its Sustainability Initiatives for MSMEs......……………………………… 13 The Need for Intellectual Capital Disclosure………………..……………………………………. 16 The Statement of Cash Flows: Direct and Indirect Method…………………………………….. 19 Self, Peer, and Teamwork Assessment.................................................................................. 22 Evolusi Pelaporan Kewangan: Penulisan Dari Perspektif Filem “The Gods Must Be Crazy”...................................................................................................................................... 25 Perakaunan Bagi Mata Wang Kripto....................................................................................... 28 Menara Tertinggi di Pantai Timur............................................................................................ 30 Gabungan Pensyarah dan Ahli Keluarga dalam Aktiviti Sukaneka Pupuk Semangat Perpaduan dan Harmoni......................................................................................................... 31 Pencapaian Fakulti.................................................................................................................. 34
3 | Page It is our pleasure to publish our 5th Bulletin for your reading. In this issue, we share our thoughts on accounting and general topics that touch our livelihood. The recent downfall of our economy has indeed impacted every household, even if they fall in the T20 category. The increasing cost of living puts pressure not just on finances but on mental health as well. Mental health is a crucial part of one’s life. It determines their thoughts, emotions, relationships, and overall functioning. How they think, feel, behave, deal with pressure, and their mental state influences decision-making. Life is full of challenges. It is therefore crucial for us to manage these challenges in the best form of mind. Taking care of oneself physically and emotionally, practicing selfcare, maintaining healthy relationships, seeking support when needed, and adopting healthy coping mechanisms for stress are among the ways to maintain a healthy mental state. To me, gardening gives positive vibes, except when the snails start eating my orchids! Well, it is just another challenge in life for me. Happy readings. “Your mental health is a priority. Your happiness is essential. Your self-care is a necessity." – Anonymous. Dr Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique Ketua Pengarang Fakulti Perakaunan UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban
4 | Page Future Education: The benefits and challenges of integrating AI into the education world. by Ja’izah Abdul Jabar & Wan Mardyatul Miza Wan Tahir The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a huge debate as its functions are expected to permeate into every aspect of our life. The history of AI dates to the hard science fiction of Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke in the second half of the nineteenth century, and it continued to be developed in the 1940s until it became a powerful man-made machine capable of thinking, learning, and making decisions on its own (Hassan, 2022). The evolution of AI involves a mixture of fantasies components, possibilities, demonstrations and promises which are finally designed as maps and navigations, facial identification, and recognition, chatbots, text editors and other popular examples of AI. Today, AI has become an integral part of our daily lives and has significantly impacted various industries, including education (Holmes, Bialek & Fadel, 2019). AI technologies have the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of education through the enhancement of the speed and accuracy of various academic tasks, which beneficials to both, educators, and students. The burden of an educator to provide multiple academic tasks in short period of time can be solved through the application of AI. AI can assist educators with various academic tasks such as grading, plagiarism detection, and content creation. AIpowered content creation tools can also be used to generate educational content, such as lecture notes and study guides, and even create new knowledge by analysing and synthesizing data from multiple sources. This matter is not surprising because AI is matching more than 50% of adult human-proficiency levels and closing in on another 36% (Holmes et al, 2019). In higher education levels, AI can be used to create personalized learning experiences for students which makes it a very powerful tool in assisting the studies preparation. Students can save their time doing the assignments as they can get instant feedback, data and answers provided by the technology of AI. On top of that, the use of AI in education can provide access to educational resources and learning opportunities in a wider range of students instantly, if they have a connection to any AI-enabled applications. Nevertheless, relying on this so-called human replacement-based technology invites great caution among academicians. Despite the assistance provided by IA, the authenticity and accuracy of the works are consistently being questioned. For example, ChatGPT, one of the most powerful language-processing AI models, still generates answers that need to be verified by experts due to the discovery of inaccurate
5 | Page information. Students and educators who continuously use AI applications without proper verification and confirmation are at risk of being exposed to incorrect information. The confusion and inaccurate decisions caused by this deceptive information gives the community a negative perception of the quality of education. In addition, the emergence of AI era is also seen as a threat to future graduates. The super technology possessed by AI-based machines enhances their capability to be more productive and marketable in industries. Research by the University of Oxford predicts that accountants have a 95% chance of losing their jobs as machines take over the number crunching and data analysis. If there is no advancement in skill and human capital initiative, AI technology machine is sufficient to be hired. Doing repetitive work is more likely to be subject to automation which literally related to machine things. However, these threats can be transformed into great opportunities if we learn to wisely control the power of AI. From educators’ point of view, any information gathered from AI should be verified and confirmed by experts or reliable references before making it accessible to students. On the other hand, students should utilize the facilities and assistance offered by AI ethically and never compromise the effort that they have put into their studies and academic pursuits. Future graduates should start enriching their skills to complete high-value tasks efficiently and make them more competitive. They will be highly marketable through the combination of human and machine-based skills. No matter how smart AI is, human-domain skills can never be replaced. Professions that require high levels of judgement and human creativity such as auditors and lawyers cannot be entirely taken over by AI (Hassan, 2022). In conclusion, the integration of AI in education offers various benefits and challenges that must be considered carefully. With the right approach and utilization of AI, students can enjoy their learning experiences, but the misuse of AI can lead to detrimental impacts on student well-being and educational outcomes. Therefore, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders need to work together to address the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in education. By doing so, future generations will receive a high-quality education that prepares them for the demands of a rapidly changing world. References: Hasan, A. R. (2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Accounting and Auditing: A Literature Review. Open Journal of Business and Management, 10(01), 440–465. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2022.101026 Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Education Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning. http://bit.ly/AIEDhttps://www.icaew.com/technical/technology/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-articles.
6 | Page Characteristics of Organisational Life Cycle Stages by Dr Salwa Muda & Musliha Musman ‘Organisations have life cycles just like living organisms do; they go through the normal struggles and difficulties accompanying each stage of the organisational life cycle and are faced with the transitional problems moving to the next phase of development’ (Adizes 1989, p. 13). The Organisational Life Cycle (OLC) theory was introduced in the 1920s to explain a life cycle of living organisms that have the phase of life from birth to death. It is later being applied to describe the different stages of firm as a ‘non-living’ organisation throughout its life cycle (Dalborg 2015). In OLC theory, the change in organisation is known as an accumulation process where the results achieved in later stages are the consequences from the activities in the earlier stages, hence the characteristics acquired by the firms in the earlier stages must be retained in later stages. Competing in an uncertain and turbulent economy requires firms to conduct their operations according to the market challenges, therefore, it is important for firms to address issues and problems in the early stages to avoid unresolved problems emerging in the later stages. The goal of firm establishment is to grow and prosper in many aspects such as financial, management and system, procedures and structure throughout its life supported with strategies that will overcome any issues related to the business. However, the limitations of expert knowledge, information in environmental impacts and allocated resources might hamper the development of the business throughout the life cycles (Bianchi et.al, 2022). Organisational researchers have proposed life cycle models consisting different numbers of business stages; however, the models are typified by almost similar characteristics, strategies, and challenges that they face in each stage. The number of stages in each life cycle model ranges from three stages (Lippitt & Schmidt 1967), four stages (Kazanjian 1988); five stages (Churchill & Lewis 1983; Miller & Friesen 1984) to ten stages (Adizes 1989). The summary of characteristics of each stage in organisational life cycle is listed in Table 1.
7 | Page Characteristics of organisational life cycle stages Characteristics Birth Survival Growth Maturity Number of employees/ departments Small number of employees. Small number of employees/ departments. Large number of employees/ departments. Large number of employees/ departments. Roles of the owner Major role in operation. Major role in operation Minimal participation of higher-level management and employees. Minor role of the owner in operation. Dispersed ownership. Minimal role of the owner. Ownership dispersion Decentralised management. Focuses Developing products. Obtaining customers. Developing external support. High efforts in marketing. Generating adequate cash to breakeven. To achieve economic return on resources. Achieving high volume of production, sales, and profit. Large market penetration. Dealing with wider scope of customers and sales. Maintaining the growth pace and place in the market with existing or new products. Controlling and managing the financial gains brought from growth period. Structures Non-existence/ minimal proper systems, formal planning, and control activities. Minimal formal systems Minimal hierarchical position. Developed proper systems and procedures such as accounting systems. Extensive and formal systems/communication Standardised procedures. Decisionmaking style Dominated by the owners. Delegating little authority to knowledgeable managers. Dominated by the owners. Discussion with groups/unit leaders in decisionmaking. Decisions are made more to fulfil the customers’ wishes. Decision made based on functions’ needs. Less proactive style of decision-making. More on short-term decision rather than longterm strategies. Strategies Find ways to have sufficient resources. Obtaining customers. Securing sufficient financial. Hiring employees with expertise Strengthening human relations criteria for better cooperation. Wisely manage the limited resources. Acquisition of smaller competing firms. Some firms embark on innovation activities to develop new products or services. Problems/ issues Lack of financial resources. Lack of formal systems. The probability of unsuccessfully marketing the products. The unnecessary involvement of family members. Minimal autonomy crises between higher-level and lower-level managers. Control crises among managers. Challenge in obtaining more funds to finance the rapid growth and greater demand. Effort in developing and innovating for new products/services. Challenge in maintaining profitability.
8 | Page References: Adizes, I. (1979). Organizational passages- Diagnosing and treating lifecycle problems of organizations. Organizational Dynamics 8(1): 3–25. Bianchi, G., Testa, F., Tessitore, S & Iraldo, F. (2022). How to embed environmental sustainability: The role ofdynamic capabilities and managerial approaches in a life cycle management. Bus. Strat. Env.,312-325 Churchill, N. C. & Lewis, V. L. (1983). The five stages of small business growth. Harvard business review 61(3), 30–50. Dalborg, C. (2015). The life cycle in women-owned businesses: from a qualitative growth perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 7(2), 126–147. doi:10.1108/IJGE-06-2014-0019 Kazanjian, R. K. (1988). Relation of dominant problems to stages growth in technology-based new ventures. Academy of Management Journal 31(2), 257–279. doi:10.2307/256548 Lippitt, G. L. & Schmidt, W. H. 1967. Crises in a developing organization. Harvard Business Review 45, 102– 112. Miller, D. & Friesen, P. H. (1984). A longitudinal study of the corporate life cycle. Management Science 30(10), 1161–1183
9 | Page Cooperative in Malaysia by Amariah Hanum Hussin Cooperatives are people-centred enterprises owned, controlled, and run by and for their members to realise their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations. A cooperative also known as a non-profit and people-centred enterprise possessed, operated, and managed by members. According to ICA, 2019, Cooperative brings communities collectively in a representative and equivalent manner to realize a common economic, community, and cultural need and desire. In addition, Mahazril ‘Aini et al. (2012) and Ortmann and King (2007) stated that cooperatives are established to improve the well-being of the members, eradicate poverty, and serve as an alternative platform to distribute the national wealth amongst the people. Indirectly, the cooperatives play a significant role in elevating the socio-economic and well-being of members of communities and substantially contribute to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Zakaria, et al., 2022). In Malaysia, cooperative plays a third crucial roles after the public and private sectors in driving the nation’s economic growth. Indeed, Malaysia is home to numerous cooperatives Yuhertiana, I (2022). The role of cooperatives is also being rapidly recognized for their contributions to the Malaysian economy, both socially and economically Othman, (2013) and Hashim et all (2017). Therefore, the government seen cooperative as another crucial vehicle to drive and boost up the development and growth of the countries’ economic. In addition, The Malaysia Cooperative Societies Commission (MCSC) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development (MED) and acts as registrar and regulator of cooperatives. The objectives of MCSC are: i. stimulating cooperative development and a strong cooperative sector and organized according to values as well as the principles of cooperatives to contribute towards the achievement of the objectives of the National socio-economic. ii. encourage the sector its financial operatives, progressive and sustainable; and iii. maintain confidence in the cooperative movement. Benefits of Cooperative to Society Generally, Malaysian Cooperative Societies Commission outline benefits of being a member of cooperative in society. This includes:
10 | Page i. Members of the cooperative through possession of the share capital and contributed fee and become user services and goods offered by cooperatives. The Member hereby determine the types of goods and services required. ii. The cooperative offers quality products at affordable prices to members its members. In addition, the cooperative also provides facilities guaranteed savings and loans at reasonable interest rates. iii. Members enjoy return on subscription, contributed capital and active participation in the management and cooperative activities. Part of the profit’s cooperative assigned to the welfare fund to finance charitable activities such as children's Education Fund members, funeral, and contribution to the activities of the community activities. It is highly recommended for everyone to register as a member of cooperative in their society due to the benefits offers to the communities. Other than sharing a profit for its members, the welfare of the members also being taken into consideration. For examples, a lot of programmes is done to promote awareness and recognize outstanding students, teachers and school cooperatives and sponsorship study in higher leaning institution not only for members but extend to member’s children if meet the requirement. To sum it all, it is recommended for everyone to register to any cooperative so that cooperative member can enjoy the benefits offers by the cooperative in Malaysia. References Hashim, M.K.; Zakaria, M. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of Cooperatives in Malaysia. J. Asian Acad. Appl. Bus. 2017 Mahazril Aini, Y., Hafizah, H. A. K., & Zuraini, Y. (2012). Factors affecting cooperatives’ performance in relation to strategic planning and members participation. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Science, 65(2012), 100-105. Ortmann, G. F., & King, R. P. (2007). Agricultural cooperatives 1: History, theory, and problems. Agrekon, 46(1), 40-68. Yuhertiana, I.; Zakaria, M.; Suhartini, D.; Sukiswo, H.W. Cooperative Resilience during the Pandemic: Indonesia and Malaysia Evidence. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5839. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105839 Zakaria, M., Ahmad, W. N. W., Tumiran, S. D., Hasan, S. J., & Arifin, M. A. (2022). Challenges Faced by Malaysian Consumer Cooperatives in Pursuit of Survival and Sustainability During Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4), 172–186. Othman. I.H, Mohamad. M, Abdullah. A, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering Vol:7, No:6, 2013 https://www.skm.gov.my/index.php/en/ assessed 23032023.
11 | Page Love Scam: How Did It Start? by Siti Hawa Shuid INTRODUCTION Many recent online news stories detailed how large amounts of money were stolen by love scams. The Star newspaper on 17 October 2022, reported a 54- year-old woman was cheated of RM1.4 million by someone claiming to be an engineer. The victim, without meeting face-to-face, transfers the payment through four different accounts after making 37 payment transactions. On 29 July 2022, Free Malaysia Today newspaper reported a company director lost RM5.29 million after transferring it into fourteen bank accounts with 120 cash transfers. The public should be alarmed by the detrimental effects of this form of crime, given the increasing news about it. STRATEGIES BY THE SCAMMER The scammer's strategies could involve initiating a relationship with the potential victims (Whitty, 2018; Shaari et al., 2019). Using stolen images and a created identity, the scammers build false profiles on social networking and dating sites. The scammers constantly display affection, develop trust, and try to give the victim the impression that they have a completely similar life perspective (Anesa, 2020; Coluccia et al., 2020). According to Shaari et al. (2019), the scammers will attempt to determine how weak their potential victims tend to be. On the other hand, the victims will assess the profiles of the scammers to determine their possibility of becoming future spouses. At this point, communication was professional and polite. No expressions of romantic interest, such as "I like you," "I adore you," or "You are my type," were discovered. The next phases demanded more intimate communication between the scammers and victims. At this point, the scammer will now try to present themselves as a compassionate, romantic, and/or pious person who is eager to discover more about the background of the victim (Shaari et al., 2019). The persuasion strategies used by the scammer lower the level of alertness of the victims (Anesa, 2020). Then, the scammer will begin talking about the idea of going to meet up. This will be repeatedly cancelled due to urgent issues or tragic incidents like accidents, deaths, surgeries, or unexpected hospitalizations. The unwitting victim will then be persuaded to send money to cover the emergency (Coluccia et al., 2020). The scammers typically grow more aggressive in the last stage as it comes to an end. Usually, this happens after victims have changed their minds and decided to quit the relationship. But still, at this point, some transactions may have taken place, or at least
12 | Page half of the money may have been transferred to several fictitious accounts (Shaari et al., 2019). PROFILE OF THE VICTIM There have been several previous studies that have focused on the victim profile of a love scam. The victims are typically middle-aged and educated women (Whitty, 2018). In addition, they are more likely to be impulsive (with high scores for urgency and sensation seeking), unkind, trustworthy, and addictive. According to Whitty (2018), middle-aged persons are more likely to fall victim to love scams because they have more disposable income than people of other ages and/or are probably more likely to be looking for partners online. More educated people were also more likely to fall victim to love scams. The conclusion goes against the notion that only "stupid" individuals fall for scammers. Perhaps those with higher levels of education use dating sites more frequently. Buil-Gil & Zeng (2022), on the other hand, discovered that the increase in love scams was more abrupt among young adults than it was among older people. The findings show that during COVID, only young adults reported a significant increase in loneliness. Kadoya et al. (2020) claimed that people with lower conscientiousness are more prone to falling for scams because they are less inclined to evaluate proposals logically. CONCLUSION The impacts of this kind of scam go beyond just financial loss and include psychological effects including anxiety, worry, shame, dread, and even suicide thoughts (Anesa, 2020). It is very difficult to get the money back; even the owner of the bank account is also a victim of this scam. We must notify our family about the strategies used by the scammer by not entertaining any strangers through social media and not even putting trust in the contact in social media. REFERENCE Anesa, P. (2020). Lovextortion: Persuasion strategies in romance cybercrime. Discourse, Context & Media, 35, 100398. Buil-Gil, D., & Zeng, Y. (2022). Meeting you was a fake: Investigating the increase in romance fraud during COVID-19. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(2), 460-475. Coluccia, A., Pozza, A., Ferretti, F., Carabellese, F., Masti, A., & Gualtieri, G. (2020). Online romance scams: Relational dynamics and psychological characteristics of the victims and scammers. A scoping review. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health: CP & EMH, 16, 24. Kadoya, Y., Khan, M. S. R., & Yamane, T. (2020). The rising phenomenon of financial scams: Evidence from Japan. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(2), 387- 396. Shaari, A. H., Kamaluddin, M. R., Fauzi, W. F. P., & Mohd, M. (2019). Online-dating romance scam in Malaysia: An analysis of online conversations between scammers and victims. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 19(1). Whitty, M. T. (2018). Do you love me? Psychological characteristics of romance scam victims. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 21(2), 105-109. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/ 2022/07/29/company-director-loses-rm5-29mil-inlove-scam/ https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/10/1 7/woman-54-loses-over-rm14mil-in-love-scam
13 | Page Madani Concept and Its Sustainability Initiatives for MSMEs by Akma Hidayu Dol@Abdul Wahid & Rafizan Abdul Razak MADANI concept was officially introduced by Anwar on 19 January 2023. MADANI is not an everyday word used by Malaysians and the word itself is Arabic. What is the new slogan “Malaysia Madani” introduced by our Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim? Is this concept relevant to Micro, Small-Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)? The MADANI framework includes six core values namely sustainability, prosperity, innovation, respect, trust, and compassion. The word MADANI is a Malay acronym derived from these six core values - 1. KeMampanan (Sustainability) 2. KesejAhteraan (Prosperity) 3. Daya cipta (Innovation) 4. HormAt (Respect) 5. keyakiNan (Trust) 6. and Ihsan (Compassion) SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES FOR MSMEs The government has prioritised the growth and sustainability of MSMEs in the country, as they are the major contributor to the country’s economy. Sustainability should be understood as a holistic and interconnected agenda that touches every side of our lives (Anwar,2022). Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim criticized the running of neoliberal economic policies which only benefit large conglomerates and have failed in addressing gaps between the rich and poor and burdening the people. What the government wants is to ensure an equitable economy, to prevent corruption, financial leakages, and misuse of public funds. (Source: Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia Official Website)
14 | Page With a themed “Membangun Malaysia Madani”, the revised Budget 2023 showed the government is really devoted to enhancing the micro, small and medium enterprises ecosystem which have been severely affected by the pandemic. The MADANI budget will assist the business to regain its capacity by creating a favourable business environment that will attract new investment, promote entrepreneurship, and foster economic growth. There are several initiatives and measures to support the MSME. These include, amongst others: 1) MSMEs Tax rate cut – The tax rate is reduced from 17% to 15% for the first RM150,000 taxable income. 2) Facilities for SMEs: i. To provide RM50 Million to build and upgrade 3,000 stalls and kiosks. ii. To provide RM176 Million to upgrade and improve business premises and facilities (Business under MARA, DBKL, PUNB and UDA). 3) To provide financing and Guarantee Facilities. - Up to RM40 billion will be provided by government agencies. - Available financing fund of RM1.7 billion provided by BNM, BSN and TEKUN. 4) To support business automation and digitalisation. - To strengthen the Role of Digital Economy Centre (PEDi). - To allocate a total of RM100 million under the SME digitalisation Grant Scheme. - SMEs (including hawkers) will be given a matching grant of up to RM5,000 under the SME Digitalisation Grant Scheme to digitalise their businesses, including subscribing to digitalisation apps like point-of-sales management, accounting systems, or HR software. - To allocate a financing fund of RM1 billion under BNM to support the automation and digitalisation of business operations. - MSME Digitalisation Transformation program (RM1.2 million)
15 | Page -To Malaysians, the word MADANI and its values is not something they are familiar with especially to the non-Muslim or Malay. Yes, the root of the concept comes from Islamic thought and principles, however, Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim strongly assures that MADANI is comprehensive and fair to all Malaysians and not for the Muslims only. All firm actions will be taken for all, not just for Iban, Malays, Chinese or Kelantanese, or those in Tambun, he added – All in all, the MADANI budget contains several initiatives that can boost Malaysian business and its sustainability. What is most important is that the government should take a necessary strategy and practical action towards making the MADANI concept a success. It is possible to be achieved by leveraging the synergies between the government and the private sector and the industry to operationalise the six core values, otherwise, like many slogans before, they might remain as a slogan, become only part of the history, and would be forgotten and replaced. REFERENCES 1. Malaysia Madani. (2023). https://www.pmo.gov.my/membangun-malaysia-madani/ 2. Budget 2023 highlights, (2022) https://budget.mof.gov.my/en/ 3. Anwar Ibrahim (2022). EBook Membangun Negara Madani. Visi dan Kerangka Dasar Reformasi. https://fliphtml5.com/wsnnr/sstl/basic (Source: Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia Official Website)
16 | Page The Need for Intellectual Capital Disclosure by Musliha Musman & Dr Salwa Muda Recent global economic changes have ushered in a new economic era and had a significant impact on how businesses are managed, and competitive strategies are implemented. The business management changed their basic principles of strategy by emphasising the value of knowledge assets, also known as intellectual capital, which are a type of intangible asset (Konno & Schillaci, 2021). Knowledge assets refer to intellectual resources such as human resources, competence, research and development, customer-based creation, organizational development, and relationships which are more significant in creating a corporate value (Garcia-Perez et al.,2020). Traditional reporting systems have become obsolete because of the knowledge-based economy's revolution. Traditional accounting systems typically produce reports based on financial or quantitative accounting that are focused on material resources, which can be expressed in monetary or quantitative terms. Hence, it measures only the value of the financial and physical assets and offers little information on intangible resources (Dana et al., 2021)) such as knowledge or employees’ competence which cannot be expressed in monetary or any volume, length, weight measures. Consequently, it lacks an adequate accounting mechanism for measuring and reporting intellectual capital assets to external stakeholders and this results in an information gap between the managers and stakeholders (Garcia-Perez et al.,2020; Mouritsen et al., 2004) and it does not provide the relevant information for the managers or investors to understand how their resources which are in the form of intangibles can create values in the future. As a result, most of the companies are calling for a voluntary disclosure of these knowledge-based resources. This is because organizations believe that they have provided the relevant information for managers, investors, and stakeholders in understanding their resources, many of which is intellectual capital which can create a value in the future (Alvino et al., 2021; Garcia-Perez et al.,2020;). In addition, the investors and stakeholders would also like companies to be more transparent by providing more information on their intellectual capital. This is proven where they now request more reliable information like, managerial qualities, expertise, experience and integrity, customer relationship and personnel competencies whereby these
17 | Page factors are related to intellectual capital. The accessibility of this relevant information helps these investors and stakeholders in various decisions making. Detailed information on the intellectual asset provided by an organization could give relevant internal information to the company’s management (Hutahayan, 2020; Martín-de Castro et al.,2019). This intellectual capital information might be used by management in monitoring the implementation (indicator), and to further develop the company’s knowledge-based strategy. An example of a knowledge-based strategy includes planned action that will result in giving a crucial competitive edge to an organization such as low costs, nice products or services and regional presence. Through the indicator, it enables the management to take wise actions to change the current strategy to a new one as well as looking at other aspects that need more attention (Martín-de Castro et al.,2019). A study done by Mohd Saleh et al. (2010) found that the intellectual capital information is a tool that can be used by management to look in depth and to be used as a follow up method for stage evaluation of its intellectual capital. Besides functioning as a management tool in developing a specific strategy, the intellectual capital disclosure is also constructive as external information for stakeholders such as investors, partners, and clients (Mourtisen et al., 2004). By putting extra focus on its employees, relationship with clients and partners, this intellectual capital could effectively gauge the work efficiency by the respective parties within the company. Besides making a company more attractive for investors, future partners, clients as well as to the employees, this information helps them to assess a company’s potential for future earnings. According to Salvi et al. (2020) intellectual capital has a positive impact on market value and financial performance. This finding shows that the investors place a higher value for a firm that has better intellectual capital efficiency, because firms with better intellectual capital efficiency yield greater profitability and revenue growth. Failure to provide relevant information on intellectual capital externally may lead to the deterioration of the company’s financial position and loss of competitiveness in the long run (Brűggen et al., 2009). It might happen when the potential investor fails in valuing the company’s worth due to restriction of these knowledge resources. Lack of reporting on intellectual capital externally will result in lack of information to investors on the development of a company’s intangible resources. Consequently, it makes the investors’ perception of risk higher. Companies with large intellectual capital resources may have problems in finding funds on attractive conditions, as lack of information about investment in intellectual capital could lead to an underestimation of future earnings.
18 | Page References: Garcia-Perez, A., Ghio, A., Occhipinti, Z., & Verona, R. (2020). Knowledge management and intellectual capital in knowledge-based organisations: a review and theoretical perspectives. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(7), 1719-1754. Konno, N., & Schillaci, C. E. (2021). Intellectual capital in Society 5.0 by the lens of the knowledge creation theory. Journal of Intellectual Capital. Dana, L. P., Rounaghi, M. M., Enayati, G., & Researcher, M. I. (2021). Increasing productivity and sustainability of corporate performance by using management control systems and intellectual capital accounting approach. Green Finance, 3(1), 1-14. Alvino, F., Di Vaio, A., Hassan, R., & Palladino, R. (2021). Intellectual capital and sustainable development: A systematic literature review. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(1), 76-94. Hutahayan, B. (2020). The mediating role of human capital and management accounting information system in the relationship between innovation strategy and internal process performance and the impact on corporate financial performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(4), 1289-1318. Martín-de Castro, G., Díez-Vial, I., & Delgado-Verde, M. (2019). Intellectual capital and the firm: evolution and research trends. Journal of Intellectual Capital. Salvi, A., Vitolla, F., Giakoumelou, A., Raimo, N., & Rubino, M. (2020). Intellectual capital disclosure in integrated reports: The effect on firm value. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 160, 120228. Mouritsen, J.; Bukh, P.N.; Marr, B. (2004) Reporting on intellectual capital – why, what, and how? Measuring Business Excellence, 8(1), 46-54 Mohd Saleh, N., Hassan, M. S., Jaffar, R., & Abdul Shukor, Z. (2010). Intellectual capital disclosure quality: lessons from selected scandinavian countries. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8 (4), 39-60. Brűggen, A., Vergauwen, P., & Dao, M. (2009). Determinants of intellectual capital disclosure: evidence from Australia. Management Decision, 17 (2), 233-245.
19 | Page The Statement of Cash Flows: Direct and Indirect Method by PM Noryati Md Noor The statement of cash flows does not always receive the same attention as the other financial statements such as the statement of profit or loss and the statement of financial position. What is a statement of cash flows? How can it contribute to the decisions made? The economic decision made by the users should incorporate an evaluation of the ability of an entity to generate cash and cash equivalent, including the timing and assurance of their generation. There is a need to know the sources and uses of cash, so owner/management can optimize any limited resources. The essence of the of statement cash flow is governed by the Malaysian Reporting Standards 107 (MFRS107). Regardless of the nature of the revenue-producing activities of an entity, the information on the sources, uses, and changes of the cash flows will enable the users to “…evaluate the changes in net assets of an entity, its financial structure (including its liquidity and solvency) and its ability to affect the amounts and timing of cash flows in order to adapt to changing circumstances and opportunities” (MFRS107, paragraph 3). Cash flows refer to inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents. The following terms are extracted from paragraph 6 of MFRS107: Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits and cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value (normally 3 months or less). A statement of cash flow, when used in conjunction with the rest of the financial statements, provides information useful in assessing the ability of the entity to generate cash and cash equivalents from the three sources, which are the operating, investing, and financing activities (Table 1).
20 | Page Table 1: The Three Cash Flows Activities Operating Activities Investing Activities Financing Activities The main activity of producing revenues and the costs incurred to produce the revenues Involves the acquisition (other than cash equivalents) and disposal of non-current assets Involves obtaining and repaying of financial resources from owners and other providers of long-term capital on which the providers get return. Indicates how sufficient cash is generated through the main activity to sustain operations, meets obligations, contribute to investing, pay dividend and repay loans Assess the extent of company’s expansion and the implications on the future cash flow or income and the resulting return on the investment. Assess the sources of funds from owners & 3rd parties and the related costs to sustain supply of funds. • Sales of goods • Receipts from customers • Purchases of goods • Payment to supplier • Payment of cost for running the business operations (operating expenses) • Administrative costs • Distribution costs • Acquire Non-current assets and long- term investment. • Acquire short term investment which does not qualify as cash equivalent (more than three months) • Disposal/sale of NCA • Receipt for Investment Income • Receipts from issue of shares, debentures, loans, and other borrowings Repayment of loan • Payments of cash dividends There are two methods of preparing the statement of cash flows which include the direct and indirect method. Paragraph 19 of the MFRS107 stated that “Entities are encouraged to report cash flows from operating activities using the direct method. The direct method provides information which may be useful in estimating future cash flows, and which is not available under the indirect method.” Thus, entity may choose its preferred method. The presentation and difference between the two methods is in the reporting of the cash flows from operating activities as presented in Figure 1.
21 | Page References https://www.universalcpareview.com Malaysian Financial Reporting Standard 107 (MFRS 107), Statement of Cash Flows. Malaysian Accounting Standards Board. Figure 1
22 | Page Self, Peer, and Teamwork Assessment by Rafizan Abdul Razak & Akma Hidayu Dol @ Abdul Wahid Many of the assessments conducted for diploma or degree courses at faculty or university incorporate selfevaluation, teamwork, or group project evaluation. These methods of assessments allow students to be more effective, responsive, and responsible in terms of their contribution, roles, and performance in any task or project given by their lecturer or supervisor. According to Capan Melser et al., (2020), in peer assessment, students are directly engaged in training self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and task selection skills, in all of which the students have much control over the learning tasks they are engaged in. Previous studies also revealed that the self-regulation of the learners who practice both self- and peer-assessment practices improves significantly. Stančić (2021) showed that the students’ sense of active engagement in the process and interconnectedness also facilitated the learning process as they were involved not only in completing the assignment, as well participating in the grading process. Indirectly this will also lead them to be responsible for their group decision making. Generally, to help the student in evaluation process, standard form of rubric which has been endorsed by faculty or programmed will be used. There are many teamwork skill rubrics that can be used for assessment. For an introductory level course such as financial accounting and reporting, for example, the following element included in teamwork rubrics is being used:
23 | Page Example of detail measurement for each teamwork skills element may cover the following: PROJECT PLANNING SKILLS: a. Electing and supporting a project leader. b. Defining and agreeing on team goals, objectives, and quality standards of the project. c. Contributing to the development of the plan. d. Setting and agreeing realistic timeframes for each part of the plan. e. Agreeing to undertake a team role/s, to meet agreed quality standards and to complete on time. FOSTERING THE TEAM CLIMATE: a. Exhibiting an open, polite, and friendly manner. b. Actively contributing to team discussions. c. Cooperating with others to achieve project goals. d. Following up with others when there is concern about their feelings or contribution. e. Showing respect for the contributions of others (even if challenging or expressing disagreement) FACILITATING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF OTHERS: a. Exchanging accurate, relevant information that can be understood and used by all team members. b. Ensuring that decisions are made in a timely manner. c. Participating in consensus-building decision-making. d. Inviting other team members to contribute e. Assisting team members if they are struggling to meet their requirements. MANAGING CONFLICT: a. Being appropriately assertive: neither dominating, submissive, nor passive aggressive. b. Minimising unnecessary conflict by complying to project planning and management. c. Approaching conflict with the aim to resolve it and maintain relationships. d. Giving timely and constructive feedback on the behaviour of others. e. Being open to receiving, reflecting, and acting on constructive feedback of own behaviour. CONTRIBUTING TO TEAM PROJECT: a. Submitting assigned work at the agreed quality standard within the agreed timeframe. b. Demonstrating sufficient technological skills. c. Demonstrating relevant content knowledge. d. Adhering to appropriate academic standards (i.e., writing, intellectual property, confidentiality, research ethics, social networking) e. Evaluating the quality of the whole project and making needed changes.
24 | Page Despite the benefits of using teamwork or peer assessment in evaluation process for academic grading, we should also concern about the issues or drawback embedding this method of assessment on students. Research done by Brown (2021) asserted that only half of the students felt that the self and peer evaluation tool implemented provide a fair distributed group marks amongst individual and the remaining felt that it did not. Furthermore, the main disputes which were discovered were that marks were not adjusted enough, it was difficult to judge people’s contribution, people may not be honest, and students don’t like to take marks off each other. Others also showed that students found peer feedback acceptable in a positive way, however they do not take peer-marking seriously due to the lack of objectivity of peer-assessment and the perception that assessment by a teacher is more reliable and more valid than the assessment by the peer may lead students to regard peer feedback, as well as peer marking (Capan Melser et al., 2020). Hence, the role of lecturer or supervisor in giving guidance, instruction, and explanation of the objective of using this kind of assessment to student is crucial to ensure that outcome is reliable and acceptable. Student should be foster to be more trustworthy, uphold professionalism, integrity and accountable in any given task related to their courses as this will also require later when they work in real working environment. References: Brown, N. (2021). Assessing individuals within teams in project-based learning courses — Strategies, evaluation and lessons learnt. 2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). https://doi.org/10.1109/educon46332.2021.9453881 Capan Melser, M., Lettner, S., Bäwert, A., Puttinger, C., & Holzinger, A. (2020). Pursue today and assess tomorrow - how students’ subjective perceptions influence their preference for self- and peer assessments. BMC Medical Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02383-z Stančić, M. (2021). Peer assessment as a learning and self-assessment tool: a look inside the black box. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1828267 Bibliography: Teamwork Skill Rubric for ACC117/ACC106 and ACC407, Faculty of Accountancy, UiTM
25 | Page Evolusi Pelaporan Kewangan: Penulisan Dari Perspektif Filem “The Gods Must Be Crazy” oleh Wan Mardyatul Miza Wan Tahir “The Gods Must Be Crazy” adalah filem komedi terbitan dan arahan oleh Jamie Uys dengan kerjasama produksi antara dua negara iaitu Afrika Selatan dan Bostwana pada tahun 1980. Cerita ini mengisahkan satu suku kaum Bushmen di padang pasir Kalahari yang terpencil dan tidak berhubung dengan masyarakat luar yang lain. Kisah bermula apabila Xi, salah seorang daripada suku kaum ini telah terjumpa satu botol kaca Coca-cola yang dibuang oleh juruterbang kapal terbang udara yang melalui kawasan suku kaum tersebut. Oleh kerana ia sesuatu yang tidak pernah dijumpai oleh mereka, Xi yakin ia adalah hadiah daripada tuhan kerana ia jatuh daripada langit. Maka, suku kaum ini telah menggunakan botol kaca tersebut dalam urusan harian mereka. Namun, terjadi pergaduhan apabila masing-masing berebut dalam masa yang sama untuk menggunakan botol kaca tersebut. Justeru, Xi merasakan ada unsur kejahatan pada botol kaca yang dihadiahkan oleh tuhan. Xi bertindak untuk memulangkan kepada tuhan botol kaca tersebut. Bermulalah pengembaraan Xi ke dunia luar dalam usaha mengembalikan botol kaca tersebut kepada tuhan. Antara intipati yang menarik ditonjolkan dalam filem ini adalah betapa ringkasnya kehidupan suku kaum ini berbanding kehidupan moden ketika itu. Mereka menjalani kehidupan harian cukup bagi keperluan asas seperti makan dengan memburu binatang dan mengambil hasil tumbuhan seperti ubi kayu. Bagi masyarakat moden, sebiji botol kaca bukan lah isu besar. Ini kerana mereka sudah terdedah dengan penggunaan botol kaca daripada kecil lagi. Sekiranya telefon pintar ditemui pada tahun 1980 secara tibatiba, pastinya masyarakat moden pada zaman itu juga akan merasakan sesuatu yang ajaib tanpa dapat memahami evolusi teknologi jurang lebih empat dekad. Begitu juga dalam trend pelaporan kewangan di mana perkembangannya adalah hasil daripada tindak balas terhadap perubahan landskap pelaporan perakaunan, penggunaan dan kemajuan teknologi serta kuasa pasaran terkini.
26 | Page Pelaporan kewangan pada awalnya adalah sebagai sumber maklumat sejarah posisi kewangan sesuatu organisasi. Contohnya maklumat berkaitan untung, rugi, jumlah aset dan liabiliti. Namun, seiring dengan peredaran masa, di dapati maklumat itu tidak lagi berkesan dan lengkap bagi sesetengah pihak berkepentingan. Pada masa ini, masyarakat tidak lagi menilai sesuatu organisasi hanya berpandukan untung atau rugi semata-mata. Masyarakat sekarang lebih sensitif kepada isu-isu seperti kemanusiaan, alam sekitar, prestasi akan datang serta risiko dan peluang dalam mengembangkan perniagaan masing-masing. Apatah lagi teknologi maklumat sekarang yang membolehkan segala informasi yang dicari dalam talian boleh diperolehi secepat beberapa saat sahaja. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan evolusi dalam pelaporan kewangan korporat yang telah melalui satu perubahan yang drastik dalam beberapa dekad. Pada tahun sekitar 1960, pelaporan korporat merujuk kepada pelaporan kewangan sahaja. Sumber: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/55274 Lama-kelamaan, pelaporan kewangan semakin bertambah daripada maklumat berkaitan kewangan sahaja kepada maklumat berkaitan pengurusan syarikat. Manakala, pada awal 2000-an, laporan berkaitan kelestarian syarikat pula telah mendapat perhatian pihak yang berkepentingan. Apakah kelestarian syarikat? Terdapat empat komponen penting iaitu (1) permintaan pelanggan, (2) penjenamaan syarikat, (3) tanggungjawab sosial korporat dan (4) inovasi. Sehingga kini, pelaporan kewangan korporat adalah berbentuk pelaporan bersepadu termasuk maklumat kewangan, tadbir urus dan imbuhan, ulasan pengurusan dan maklumat alam sekitar dan kelestarian syarikat menjadi agenda penting dalam dunia perniagaan.
27 | Page Artikel ini berkenaan evolusi dalam pelaporan korporat, di mana terdapat perubahan yang sangat besar berbanding kepada pelaporan kewangan yang asal. Secara asasnya, perakaunan masih lagi menggunakan prinsip kemasukan berganda iaitu debit dan kredit. Namun, sekiranya seseorang itu tamat ijazah perakaunan pada tahun 1990-an dan tidak bekerja, maka sekiranya beliau kembali ke alam pekerjaan sekarang dan terlibat dalam pelaporan kewangan, sudah pasti banyak perkara yang perlu dipelajari kerana pelaporan perakaunan bukan lagi berkisar hanya kepada debit/kredit dan untung/rugi. Filem “The Gods Must Be Crazy” adalah salah satu contoh menunjukkan akibat atau padah sekiranya kita ketinggalan dalam sesuatu perubahan/evolusi. Maka, menurut sebuah hadith yang masyhur dan diriwayatkan oleh Anas bin Malik RA, bahawa Nabi SAW bersabda : َ ْم ُ ِ وا العل ب ِاطل ولو بالصین ُ Maksudnya : “Carilah (tuntutlah) ilmu walaupun ke negara Cina”. Rujukan: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/accounting/accounting-trends.shtml Gökten, P. O & Marşap, B. (2017). Paradigm Shift in Corporate Reporting. In (Ed.), Accounting and Corporate Reporting - Today and Tomorrow. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68832 https://www.astroawani.com/berita-bisnes/empat-komponen-ke-arah-kelestarian-syarikat-76207
28 | Page Perakaunan Bagi Mata Wang Kripto oleh Wan Mardyatul Miza Wan Tahir & Ja’izah Abdul Jabar Matawang kripto adalah sejenis mata wang, sebagai contoh mata wang kertas negara seperti Malaysia menggunakan mata wang Ringgit (MYR), Singapura menggunakan mata wang Dollar (SGD) atau Jepun yang menggunakan mata wang Yen (JPY). Walau bagaimanapun, kripto adalah mata wang digital yang mengguna pakai teknik kriptografik yang mana ia tidak dapat digodam atau diubah. Tiga mata wang kripto mengikut modal pasaran terbesar adalah Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) dan Tether (USDT). Menurut artikel di Forbes Advisor pada Disember 2022 terdapat 22,088 projek mata wang kripto secara keseluruhan bernilai USD $810 bilion di pasaran. Nilai mata wang kripto boleh berubah-ubah dengan cepat berdasarkan permintaan dan penawaran di pasaran di mana ia boleh dibeli dan dijual di platform pertukaran mata wang kripto. Oleh itu, ia juga digunakan dalam aktiviti spekulasi kerana volatiliti yang tinggi. Untuk memiliki mata wang kripto, ia boleh didapati melalui proses jual beli dan juga boleh dihasilkan melalui proses perlombongan yang dikenali sebagai "mining". Mata wang kripto ini disimpan dalam dompet elektronik yang disebut e-wallet. Namun, mata wang kripto tidak diiktiraf oleh kerajaan Malaysia ataupun bank pusat. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaannya bukan lah haram atau satu jenayah. Perbezaan di antara mata wang kertas dan kripto adalah mata wang kertas dipusatkan, manakala mata wang kripto pula didesentralisasikan. Pihak berkuasa pusat bertanggungjawab mengawal dan mencetak wang dalam sistem wang kertas, contohnya, Bank Negara Malaysia mencetak wang kertas Ringgit Malaysia (MYR), tetapi tiada pihak berkuasa pusat sedemikian dalam mata wang kripto. Tiada bank pusat bagi Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether atau sebagainya. Sebaliknya mata wang kripto adalah berdasarkan “blockchain” iaitu pangkalan data terdesentralisasi di mana semua transaksi kewangan dijalankan dan disimpan. Penggunaan mata wang kripto telah menjadi semakin popular dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, dengan nilai beberapa mata wang, seperti Bitcoin di pasaran bersamaan 1 BTC = 100,093 MYR pada Mac 2023 melalui carian di Google Finance. Dengan peningkatan populariti mata wang kripto, adalah penting bagi akauntan untuk memahami pengolahan perakaunan mata wang ini. Buat masa ini tiada piawaian perakaunan untuk menerangkan bagaimana mata wang kripto harus diambil kira. Justeru, akauntan tidak mempunyai alternatif selain daripada merujuk kepada piawaian perakaunan yang sedia ada terutamanya panduan oleh Lembaga Piawaian Perakaunan Kewangan (FASB).
29 | Page Soalan pertama adalah dalam menentukan klasifikasi kripto sebagai aset atau liabiliti. Lembaga Piawaian Perakaunan Kewangan (FASB) telah mengeluarkan panduan yang menyatakan bahawa mata wang kripto harus diklasifikasikan sebagai aset tak ketara. Ini kerana ia tidak mempunyai bentuk fizikal. Seterusnya dalam menentukan cara merekod urus niaga yang melibatkan mata wang kripto, menurut FASB, ia harus direkodkan pada nilai saksamanya. Ia adalah nilai di mana mata wang kripto boleh ditukar dengan mata wang atau aset lain. Nilai saksama mata wang kripto boleh ditentukan menggunakan pelbagai kaedah, termasuk harga pasaran atau model penilaian. Apabila perniagaan menerima atau membayar mata wang kripto sebagai pertukaran untuk barangan atau perkhidmatan, ia harus direkodkan sebagai hasil atau belanja yang direkodkan pada nilai saksama mata wang kripto pada masa transaksi dalam penyata pendapatan. Apabila perniagaan memegang mata wang kripto sebagai pelaburan atau setaraf tunai atau keselamatan perdagangan atau sekuriti dipegang hingga matang, ia harus direkodkan dalam kunci kirakira pada nilai saksama mata wang kripto pada akhir tempoh pelaporan. Sebarang perubahan dalam nilai saksama mata wang kripto tersebut hendaklah direkodkan sebagai untung atau rugi dalam penyata pendapatan. Sumber: https://www.at-mia.my/2022/01/26/cryptocurrency-and-uncertainty/ Kesimpulannya, perakaunan untuk mata wang kripto boleh menjadi rumit kerana sifat digital dan terdesentralisasinya. Akauntan perlu mengikuti perkembangan dalam mata wang kripto bukan sahaja untuk tujuan merekod dalam penyata kewangan, malahan termasuk untuk tujuan mengaudit dan mengesan transaksi matawang kripto oleh kerana mata wang kripto seringkali digunakan untuk aktiviti yang tidak sah. Jenayah membabitkan mata wang kripto mencecah AS$14 bilion (RM58.98 bilion) pada tahun 2021. Setakat November 2022, terdapat sembilan jenis cryptocurrency yang dibenarkan urusniaga di Malaysia termasuk Bitcoin, Ripple, Ethereum dan Litecoin dan empat syarikat Digital Asset Exchange (DAX) yang diluluskan iaitu LUNO Malaysia Sdn. Bhd, SINERGY Technologies (M) Sdn Bhd, TOKENIZE Technology (M) Sdn Bhd dan MX Global Sdn Bhd. Rujukan: https://medium.com/the-capital/cryptocurrencies-vs-paper-money-these-are-the-differences-2db7c2905c39 https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/top-10-cryptocurrencies/ https://www.at-mia.my/2022/01/26/cryptocurrency-and-uncertainty/ https://www.sc.com.my/regulation/guidelines/recognizedmarkets/list-of-registered-digital-asset-exchanges https://www.bharian.com.my/dunia/lain-lain/2022/01/908621/jenayah-kripto-mencecah-rekod-as14-bilionpada-2021
30 | Page Menara Tertinggi di Pantai Timur oleh Norhidayah Ismail Kuantan merupakan ibu negeri bagi Pahang Darul Makmur. Jika anda berkunjung ke Kuantan, terdapat pelbagai tempat-tempat menarik yang perlu dilawati antaranya Menara Kuantan 188. Menara Kuantan 188 ini adalah menara yang tertinggi di Pantai Timur dan kedua tertinggi di Malaysia selepas Menara Kuala Lumpur dengan ketinggian 188-meter bermula dari ketinggian di atas tanah sehingga ke hujung bucu antena menara. Namanya juga bertepatan dengan ketinggiannya 188-meter. Menara ini dahulunya dikenali sebagai Menara Teruntum sebelum ia dikenalkan sebagai Menara Kuantan 188 yang terletak di Laman Teruntum. Teruntum merujuk kepada satu tumbuhan flora teruntum putih atau nama saintifiknya lumnitzera racemosa. Bunga teruntum putih ini dikhabarkan banyak terdapat di sekitar tebing sungai Kuantan dan ini telah memberi inspirasi kepada reka bentuk anjung menara ini. Antara tarikan menarik yang terdapat di menara ini adalah seperti Sky Deck, restoran makanan Jepun, dek pemerhati, laman hijau, kedai cenderamata dan Laman Kuantan 188. Laman Kuantan 188 Kedai Cenderamata Dek Pemerhati Restoren Makanan Dek Pemerhati Laman Hijau Sky Walk DropZone
31 | Page Gabungan Pensyarah dan Ahli Keluarga dalam Aktiviti Sukaneka Pupuk Semangat Perpaduan dan Harmoni oleh Ida Haryanti Mohd Noor, Rafizan Abdul Razak & PM Dr Norlaila Md Zin Bulat air kerana pembentung, bulat manusia kerana muafakat. Begitulah indahnya peribahasa Melayu yang biasa kita dengar sejak sekian lama. Bersandarkan maksud yang tersirat seperti yang digarap dalam peribahasa di atas, Alhamdullilah satu Bengkel Perancangan Strategik, Fakulti Perakaunan, UiTM Kampus Seremban telah berjaya dijalankan pada 14 dan 15 Januari 2023. Bengkel ini diadakan untuk merangka inisiatif strategik yang akan dilaksanakan oleh Fakulti Perakaunan, UiTM Kampus Seremban di sepanjang tahun 2023. Selain daripada mengadakan Bengkel Perancangan Strategik, pihak fakulti juga turut mengambil peluang untuk mengadakan aktiviti Hari Keluarga Fakulti Perakaunan, UiTM Kampus Seremban yang buat julung kalinya dilaksanakan pada tahun ini. Di samping memberi fokus untuk membantu fakulti dan universiti mencapai sasaran pencapaian prestasi yang ditetapkan, gaya hidup yang sihat dan seimbang tidak dilupakan untuk membantu mengurangkan tekanan atau “stress” selepas selesai menjalankan tanggungjawab kerja hakiki di sepanjang tahun yang lepas. Seramai 51 orang peserta yang terdiri daripada pensyarah Fakulti Perakaunan dan ahli keluarga mereka bersama- sama berkumpul dalam program kali ini. Terdapat banyak aktiviti yang telah berjaya dilaksanakan sepanjang 2 hari 1 malam tersebut yang bertempat di Hotel Avillion Admiral Cove, Port Dickson. Antara aktiviti yang dilaksanakan ialah seperti perbincangan aktiviti oleh ahli jawatankuasa biro, majlis makan malam bersama ahli keluarga, aktiviti cabutan bertuah, aktiviti pertukaran hadiah sesama pensyarah serta aktiviti sukaneka yang melibatkan pensyarah dan juga ahli keluarga.
32 | Page Berikut merupakan dua aktiviti sukaneka yang diadakan yang melibatkan pensyarah dan juga ahli keluarga: Chopstick & Candy 1. Permainan ini melibatkan tiga kumpulan. 2. Setiap kumpulan mempunyai lima pasangan pemain. Setiap pasangan diwakili oleh pensyarah dan seorang ahli keluarga. 3. Kemudian, setiap kumpulan diberikan chopstick. 4. Dengan menggunakan chopstick tersebut, setiap pasangan pemain perlu mengambil gula-gula di dalam satu bekas besar yang telah disediakan. 5. Kemudian, mereka perlu meletakkan gula-gula tersebut di satu bekas yang lain. 6. Seterusnya, pasangan pemain tersebut perlu kembali semula ke kumpulan mereka dan pasangan pemain yang berikutnya akan meneruskan permainan mengikut langkah-langkah sebelum ini (nombor 4 – 6). 7. Permainan dijalankan selama 3 minit. 8. Kumpulan yang dapat mengumpulkan gula-gula yang paling banyak dalam tempoh masa tersebut akan dinobatkan sebagai pemenang. Draw, Act and Play! 1. Permainan ini melibatkan tiga kumpulan. 2. Setiap kumpulan mempunyai lima pasangan pemain. Setiap pasangan diwakili oleh pensyarah dan seorang ahli keluarga. 3. Kemudian, pasangan pemain yang pertama akan diberi satu soalan (perkataan/ayat). 4. Pasangan pemain tersebut perlu melukis/berlakon di hadapan kumpulan mereka bagi menggambarkan soalan (perkataan/ayat) yang diberikan tadi sehingga ahli kumpulan mereka dapat meneka dengan tepat soalan (perkataan/ayat) tersebut. 5. Seterusnya, pasangan pemain tersebut perlu kembali semula ke kumpulan mereka dan pasangan pemain yang berikutnya akan meneruskan permainan mengikut langkah-langkah sebelum ini (nombor 3-5). 6. Kumpulan yang dapat menamatkan permainan paling awal akan dinobatkan sebagai pemenang.
33 | Page Aktiviti sukaneka yang melibatkan pensyarah dan ahli keluarga ini telah berjalan dalam suasana yang meriah dan juga harmoni. Aktiviti seperti ini ternyata mampu memupuk semangat perpaduan dan seterusnya melestarikan hubungan silaturahim sesama masyarakat. Terima kasih kepada semua keluarga yang hadir. Semoga program bermanfaat seperti ini dapat diteruskan lagi pada masa yang akan datang.
34 | Page Mesyuarat Fakulti Bilangan 20 SQL Bootcamp Bengkel Perancangan Strategik Dan Hari Keluarga Fakulti Perakaunan Mesyuarat Fakulti Bilangan 21 Penyerahan Juadah Berbuka Puasa kepada Pelajar UiTMCNSKS Mesyuarat Fakulti Bilangan 22 Dan Jamuan Hari Raya Aidilfitri Jamuan Raya Perdana UiTMCNS Ekspo Selangkah Ke Uitm 2023
35 | Page Geran Penyelidikan Tajuk Kajian : Awareness Of Investment Scams Among Potential Investors Jumlah : RM50,000 Ahli : PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim, Dr Nurazilah Zainal, Dr Noor Rohin Awalludin, Nurul Huda Ahmad Shukri, Allezawati Ismail Tajuk Kajian : Kajian Keberkesanan Pusat Transformasi Luar Bandar RTC Kelantan Jumlah : RM50,000 Ahli : Dr Dalila Daud, PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim, Prof Dr Jamaliah Said, Dr Salwa Muda Pengiktirafan dan Penghargaan Nama Anugerah : Anugerah Bidang Tumpuan (Pengurusan Kewangan) Program : Anugerah Kualiti Naib Canselor (AKNC 2022) Ahli : Rafizan Abdul Razak, Saflina Azis, Norhidayah Ismail Nama Anugerah : Anugerah Kriteria Hasil Program : Anugerah Kualiti Rektor Antara Bahagian (AKRAB 2022) Ahli : Amariah Hanum Hussin, PM Noryati Md Noor, PM Dr Norlaila Md Zin, Dr Salwa Muda, Saflina Azis, Norhidayah Ismail, Rafizan Abdul Razak Nama Anugerah : Anugerah Cemerlang Pejabat Timbalan Naib Canselor (Penyelidikan dan Inovasi) Ahli : PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim Nama Anugerah : Kenaikan Pangkat Ke Gred DM54 Prof Madya Ahli : PM Dr Norlaila Md Zin Penerbitan Tajuk : Pembangunan Modul Pemulihan Ajaran Sesat Ahli : PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim, Dr Dalila Daud Penerbit : Institut Keselamatan Awam (IPSOM), Kementerian Dalam Negeri Tajuk : Maintaining Student Engagement and Motivation in Management Accounting Course: OV Game for Students Ahli : Rafizan Abdul Razak Penerbit : Insight Journal (MyCite)
36 | Page Lantikan Dalaman/Luaran Jawatan : Ahli Bersekutu Majlis Profesor Negara Bahagian : Majlis Profesor Negara Ahli : PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim Jawatan : Penyelaras Risiko Bahagian/Unit Bahagian : Unit Pengurusan Kualiti UiTMCNS Ahli : Rafizan Abdul Razak Jawatan : Penolong Bendahari Bahagian : Persatuan Wanita UiTM (PEWANI) Ahli : Ja’izah Abd Jabar Jawatan : Juruaudit Dalam Bahagian : Persatuan Wanita UiTM (PEWANI) Ahli : Saflina Azis Jawatan : Fasilitator Ujian Saringan Asas Pembangunan Insan Bahagian : Unit Hal Ehwal Islam UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Norhidayah Ismail Jawatan : Fasilitator Ujian Saringan Asas Pembangunan Insan Bahagian : Unit Hal Ehwal Islam UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Saflina Azis Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : PM Dr Eley Suzana Kasim Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Norhidayah Ismail Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Dr Salwa Muda Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Dr Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique
37 | Page Lantikan Dalaman/Luaran Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : PM Dr Norlaila Md Zin Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Wan Mardyatul Miza Wan Tahir Jawatan : Penyedia Dokumen Akreditasi (IQA 01/IQA 02) Bagi Program Pasca Siswazah UiTM Negeri Sembilan Bahagian : Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, UiTMCNS Kampus Seremban Ahli : Dr Dalila Daud Jawatan : Visiting Scholar Bahagian : Ankara Medipol University, Turkiye Ahli : Dr Dalila Daud Jawatan : Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Tatatertib Akademik Pelajar Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Ida Haryanti Mohd Noor Jawatan : Ahli Jawatankuasa Bilik Peperiksaan Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Siti Mariam Abdul Halim Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Dr Salwa Muda Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Musliha Musman Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Rafizan Abdul Razak Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Siti Hawa Shuid Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Norhidayah Ismail
38 | Page Lantikan Dalaman/Luaran Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Amariah Hanum Hussin Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Dr Dalila Daud Jawatan : Petugas Ekspo Selangkah ke UiTM 2023 Bahagian : UiTM Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban Ahli : Wan Mardyatul Miza Wan Tahir
39 | Page
SOMETIMES AN ENDING IS JUST A BEGINNING