BQS554 COURSEWORK (AP2244B)

MULTI-STOREY

SMART

BUILDING

BQS 554
BUILDING SERVICES II

AP224 4B PREPARED FOR :

DR SYED AHMAD QUSOIRI BIN SYED
ABDUL KARIM

MUHD HAFIZ . FARIESYA KHAIZAL . ATIRAH HALIM . ZEITI ATIKAH . TANTI LYANA

08//07//2022 UITM SERI ISKANDAR

TEAM MEMBERS

MUHD HAFIZ BIN ALIM
(2021853314)

FARIESYA BINTI MOHD KHAIZAL
(2021601472)

NUR ATIRAH BINTI ABD HALIM
(2021867974)

NUR ZEITI ATIKAH BINTI MOHD
RUZAINI (2021482718)

TANTI LYANA FARISHA BINTI
MOHD ZULKARNAIN
(2021601406)

TABLE OF
CONTENT

01 02

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
SYSTEM
Voice Evacuation System /
Voice Alarm System Smart Meter

03 04

TELECOMUNICATION MECHANICAL HANDLING
SYSTEM & NETWORKING
Traction Elevator
Internet of Things (IoT)

05 06
HVAC SYSTEM REFERENCE

Smart HVAC System

PROPOSED
SYSTEMS FOR
MULTI-STOREY

SMART
BUILDING

FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEM

Fire-protection and life safety systems
include building exit systems, fire-alarm
systems, and fire-suppression systems.
Fire-prevention codes specify the proper
maintenance and repair of these systems.
This system involves the installation and
use of structural and operational systems
to minimize the impact of fire on people
and property. It is consisting of two main
categories which passive fire protection
and active fire protection.

Passive fire protection
involves the use of building components
to control or limit a fire. Walls, floors,
and ceilings can be designed and
constructed to resist the passage of fire
and smoke

Active fire-protection
measures are those that take direct
physical action to reduce the growth rate
of fire or the migration of smoke. These
systems most often are fire sprinkler and
smoke-control systems that receive
manual and automatic signals to perform
their intended function.

VOICE
EVACUATION

SYSTEM

Firefighting system are facilities or devices to be implemented for the
purpose of putting out, combating, preventing, limiting, or warning of
fire. They can operate automatically or manually, and they can be fixed
or portable. Suppression of a fire using either manual or automatic fire
safety system is another efficient method of controlling a fire. (Kodur et
al., 2020)

Every building needs a firefighting system since there are many ways
that a fire might occur, such as human mistake, power leaks, and so
on. More specifically, fire safety refers to measures taken to reduce
the risk of a fire that could result in death, injury as well as prevent
property loss. Other than that, this system ensures that every person
in the building is alerted and giving them ample time to evacuate in an
orderly fashion.

Based on our case study project, which is Smart Home, 31-storey
Andaman Residents service apartment at Klang. this building used fire
alarm voice evacuation system to notify occupants with an alarm tone
followed by a voice instead of the traditional horn or bell. It needs to be
maintained every six months to ensure it is functioning properly.
Besides, there are also many other types of fire safety services used
such as fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems and so on.

APPLICATION
AND SYSTEM

The system is a combination of emergency and
general-purpose broadcasting. At all other times

a voice alarm system is used to make public
address announcements, broadcast

advertisements or background music. All
broadcasts, be they live announcements or
continual music, can be sent to all areas of a site
or to selected areas. besides, it is also a system
that assists in the effective evacuation of an area
or building during a fire, bomb alert or other
emergency. A voice alarm system provides clear
easily understood instruction via pre-recorded
messages. This method ensures that even
untrained personnel and the general public are

evacuated speedily and efficiently.

Connection Installation
and Position Process

The voice evacuation system as a 1. Install the wall mount bracket unit
replacement for the traditional fire alarm. supplied with the RM-300MF on the wall.
About 2 screws, mount the item to the
The voice evacuation control panel and wall. Two tapping screws (4 x 25) are
monitor must be located in a convenient included with the RM 300MF for direct
wall installation. However, if the supplied
location for fire department and law screws are insufficient for mounting,
enforcement personnel. Generally, this prepare substitutes individually.
location will be either next to the fire panel,
near the lobby annunciators, or at the 2. After that, the link cable should then be
entrance to an assembly area. Moreover, connected to the screw terminal block.
Refer to 10 "RM-300MF connection" for
smart building system can follow the information on the cable connection.
technology of new fire alarm. These building
also using an IOT system that using internet 3. Connect the RM-300MF's connecting
and the latest system around the building. cable to the wall mount bracket unit's
connector port.


4. The, Attach the RM 300MF unit to the wall
In multi-story facilities, a zoned multi- mount bracket unit.
channel voice evac system is preferred. For
example, if a fire occurs on the third floor of
a building, the system can direct third- and
fourth-floor occupants to immediately exit

via the nearest stairwell. Meanwhile, the
fifth-, sixth- and seventh-floor occupants
can receive a voice message informing
them of an emergency on the third floor
and ask them to standby. Once the stairwell
crowding has eased, the voice evac system

will inform those floors to exit.

BENEFITS

-Direct instruction: - Day-to-day advantages:
Its offers Clear spoken instructions to which can be used as public information
people during an emergency event. announcements and background music
There is no time for hesitation in an especially for commercial building like
emergency. These systems decrease shopping mall. By using this system also
ambiguity by directing people to the can gain revenue via advertisement
safest departure path. injection and so on.

-Other general use: -Ambient noise sensing:
Voice evacuation systems are not just The broadcasts will still be heard
for instances involving fires. They also regardless of if the background noise
be able to deliver things like levels increase which the VA system can
hazardous weather, threats on automatically adjust the volume of the
campus, or environmental hazards. broadcast. Besides, it also have ability to
cancel false alarms and announce all
-Battery-backed clear messages
this system will continue to operate
even in the event of a mains power
failure.

Expensive PROBLEM
Both system which wireless, and
hand-wired alarm system are
expensive to install. they require
an initial investment, which
includes equipment cost,
installation and subscription of
security monitoring service.



Can be stolen

It can be stolen from the site
where it is installed. Wireless
systems are comparatively easier
to disconnect. Some burglars can
easily disconnect the wired alarm
systems.

PRINCIPLE AND
REGULATION

The International Building Code (IBC) and International
Fire Code (IFC) were created by the International Code
Council (ICC) with the goal of prompting all areas of
the US to comply with one set of standards. The IBC
and IFC mandate the installation of in-building fire
alarm EVAC systems in the following occupancy:

High rise building
Covered mall buildings greater than 50,000 square feet in area and
open mall buildings greater than 50,000 square feet within the
established perimeter line
Assembly occupancies with an occupant load greater than 1,000

Fire safety philosophy

• To determine the passive and active fire prevention and
protection in line with the hazard study.
• To serve as a guide for Fire Authority (BOMBA) in
reviewing the submission plans

Elements of construction can only be effective as fire breaks if
they have the necessary degree of fire resistance which are :




INTEGRITY (ability to maintain shapes/structural properties/preventing
passage of flames/hot gases)
STABILITY (ability to maintain overall structural integrity
l INSULATION (ability to resist/inhibit heat)

ELECTRICAL
SUPPLY
SYSTEM

Every structure requires a functional electrical supply
system in order for it to function properly. Furthermore,
electricity has now become a basic requirement for
everyone. Regardless of our background, almost all of our
everyday activities involve the use of electricity. According
to Wei et al., (2016) buildings utilize about 40% of primary
energy and 70% of electricity in the United States. This
demonstrates the importance of electricity in the
operation of a building, making the electrical supply
system of the building as a major attraction, especially in
the development of intelligent buildings. This is also
supported by Morvaj et al., (2011) that all other
infrastructure systems are supported by electric power
systems, which represent a crucial infrastructure.

www.reallygreatsite.com 01

CASE STUDY

ILHAM RESIDENCE AT ELMINA GROVE

Ilham Residence is a all-gen link homes that made
a collaboration with TNBX that provide smart meters
to monitor and reduce electricity charges for a
greener and more sustainable future. Therefore, we
choose this project as our case study reference to
proposed smart meter in our multi-story smart
building.

SMART
METER

APPLICATION

According to (Zheng et al., 2013) one of the most crucial
components of the smart grid is the smart meter. The term "grid"
refers to the entire electrical system, which includes electricity
production, transmission, distribution, and consumption. Basically,
smart meter is a piece of technology that keeps track of data like
electricity usage, voltage, current, and power factor. It distributes
information to the consumer for improved consumer behavior
clarity and to power providers for system monitoring and
customer billing. Typically, smart electricity meters would report
energy usage to the user on a regular basis and record it in close
to real-time.

INSTALLATION
PROCESS

INSPECTION

The installation process of smart meter should beginning with inspection stages. The
installer will do a visual inspection to check the boiler and other gas appliances in
the house are working correctly. Other than that, the final reading from the old
meters will be taken before the smart meter being install in order to make sure that
the account is up to date.

INSTALLATION Then, the installer removes the existing
meter from the meter socket. Then, he will
The installation of the smart meter will perform a visual check and verifies the
then begin, and it will take around two voltage at the base of the meter to ensure
hours. Additionally, the installer will need to that the first voltage check corresponds
turn off the gas and electricity for around with the second voltage check. Next, the
30 minutes. He will then take off the meter installer uses a gap tool to verify the
can's front lid to see the internal wiring. sockets are in good condition so the new
The right quantity of voltage is then meter fits. After that, the smart meter will
verified by running a voltage test via the be plug into the meter socket and the
meter. The installer receives important installer will make sure it sitting firmly in
information from this stage regarding any the base. The jumper cables then will be
voltage that could be returning to the removed from the meter can and the
meter from the building. Voltage changes cover is replaced with new protective seal.
and fluctuations are sent to a supervisor. Lastly the installer will scan the barcode to
Following that, a set of jumpers is used to pair the meter number with the address.
bypass the power around the meter.
These courtesy step allows the customer
to have uninterrupted power while the
meter is being exchanged.

ADVANTAGES

Smart Readers

Typically, a representative from your energy
provider will need to visit your home to read your
meter and provide you the invoices. However, there
are no longer any meter readings since a smart
meter will take a reading from your meter and send
it to your energy provider automatically. That
means you won't need to use a flashlight to peek
around in a cupboard trying to read the numbers.

Accurate Bills

Depending on your choice, a smart
meter can deliver a precise reading
of your daily, weekly, or monthly
energy usage to the energy provider.
Since estimated bills are eliminated,
you will only be billed for what you
really use. If you use conventional,
non-smart meters, your energy
provider will estimate your usage
based on previous invoices if you
neglect to provide a reading.
Estimates are sometimes unreliable.
You may prevent estimations and
the unpleasant shock of a high final
bill when your meter ends if you
install a smart meter.

Promotes Better Energy Usage Smart Spending Tracker

According to (Wang et al., 2019) the conventional In-Home Display (IHD) units, which
techniques and methods established for load forecasting at you can install anywhere, including
an aggregate level may or may not be effectively suited on a wall in your kitchen, are
since the energy consumption patterns at the household included with smart meters. Your
and building levels can be significantly more unpredictable current energy use is displayed on
and erratic than those at aggregate levels. Therefore, with a the display. Additionally, you can
smart meter it is really easier to modify poor behaviors and, view the exact amount of energy
ideally, consume less energy if you can see how much being consumed by given
you're consuming. This is excellent for budgeting. Long-term equipment, such as each time you
energy bill savings may result from improved energy usage. turn on the fan. This helps in keeping
track of your energy usage. It also
assists in making which appliances
use the most energy and which ones
are the worst consumers of it.

DISADVATAGES

Sharing Much Data

A lot of data is being shared by you. This may or may not make you
happy. Your energy supplier may be able to create a very detailed
picture of how you use energy from the data that the smart meter
delivers to them. This may seem a little personal to some individuals,
and it may offer information to providers that enables them to target
you with advertisements.

Rely on Cellular Signal

A mobile-network signal is used by first-
and second-generation smart meters to
transmit data. Even while a smart meter
does not use a standard Wi-Fi or internet
connection, it will still be impacted if you
live in an area with spotty cell service.
The Data Communications Company
(DCC) is now establishing a new,
specialized wireless smart-meter network
to address this issue. By the end of 2020,
more than 99 percent of UK households
should be covered by smart-meter
communications, according to Ofgem.

No Guarantee of Money
Saver

You can only save money with a smart meter if
you utilize it to track your energy consumption
and decide to use less of it. It lacks automated
controls to manage your power use. Therefore,
you must control your energy consumption on
your own based on the information it provides in
order to save money and lower the amount of
your bills.

FUNCTION, REQUIREMENT & CONDITION08//07//2022

Smart Electricity and Gas Meters

You will be given smart gas and electricity meters when you
install a smart meter. As a result, smart versions of the current
gas and electricity meters will be installed in the houses of users.
In contrast with the conventional meters, they report readings to
energy suppliers automatically and allow additional features
including time of use tariffs and enabling smart appliances.

In-home Display

You will be given smart gas and electricity meters when you
install a smart meter. As a result, smart versions of the current
gas and electricity meters will be installed in the houses of users.
In contrast with the conventional meters, they report readings to
energy suppliers automatically and allow additional features
including time of use tariffs and enabling smart appliances.

Communications huby

There are two purposes for the communications hub. First, it
enables communication between smart meters, in-home
displays, and other devices that consumers may choose to utilise
via a home area network, much like wireless computer networks
(Wi-Fi). Additionally, it offers a connection to the Wide Area
Network, enabling information to be transmitted to and from
meters by energy suppliers, energy network operators, and
energy providers.

PRINCIPLE

The electrical current flow and voltage are measured by the smart
meter at regular intervals, and the power consumed during a half-hour
is calculated by combining these readings together. Both your supplier
and your in-home display can get this information. Before being
transmitted to the communications company through radio waves, the
information from the meter first enters a communications hub that is
often incorporated inside the electricity meter.

Building Regulation

SURUHANJAYA TENAGA

Suruhanjaya Tenaga or also known as Energy Commission
has provided a guidelines on advanced metering
infrastructure to set out to be fulfilled in the introduction of
new technology for electricity metering (smart meters) and
its supporting infrastructure and to outline the respective
parties’ obligations in respect of the same.

TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM AND NETWORKING

Intelligent Building Network Design and Management

The built environment has benefited greatly from the
modern technology's quick expansion and development.
The widespread use of Intelligent Buildings is the result
of developments in building system technology. An
intelligent building is one that automates building
functions in order to improve occupant safety,
effectiveness, and comfort. Technology is used in
intelligent buildings to track facility systems and make
any required modifications. An Intelligent Building is
designed to employ computers and software to operate
lights, alarm systems, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning) systems, and other systems through a
single computer interface.

Internet of Things
(IoT)

Internet of things is a network of

interconnected computing

devices, mechanical and digital

equipment, objects, animals, or

people who may transport data

via a network without needing to

interact with other people or

computers and who are given

unique identifiers (UIDs),

Alexander, (2021)

The term "thing" refers to any
natural or artificial object that can
be given an Internet Protocol (IP)
address and has the ability to
transfer data over a network,
including people with implanted
heart monitors, farm animals with
biochip transponders, cars with
built-in tyre pressure monitors, and
other examples.

Organizations across a range of
sectors are increasingly utilising
IoT to run more smoothly, better
understand their consumers to
provide better customer service,
boost decision-making, and raise
the value of the company.

Application and System
of IoT

Application

In an IoT-connected gadget, when a
sensor detects motion and an
actuator activates a light, the
activities are captured as data and
transferred to the cloud or a data
centre for archiving and analysis.
And where there is data, there has to
be an IoT architecture that tells the
data what to do, where to go, how to
get there, and what to do with it once
it gets there.

System

An Internet of Things system's
architecture is commonly defined as
a four-stage procedure in which data
travels from sensors attached to
"things" to a network and finally to a
business data centre or the cloud for
processing, analysis, and storage.

Installation Process of
IoT

1 A sensors and actuators are interconnected devices that
either monitor or control an object or physical process,
depending on the scenario. Sensors gather data on the state
of a process or a condition of the environment, including
temperature, humidity, chemical composition, fluid levels in a
tank, fluid movement in a pipe, or the speed of an assembly
line, among other things.

Systems for data acquisition and Internet gateways Raw 2
sensor data is gathered and converted from analogue to
digital format using a data acquisition system (DAS). Before
transmitting the data to the next level of processing via an
Internet gateway via wireless WANS (such as Wi-Fi or cellular),
the DAS then collects and prepares the data.

3 Before being delivered to a data centre or cloud, the loT data
must be processed to lower the data volume after being
digitised and aggregated. The edge device may carry out
certain analytics as part of the pre-processing.

The data may be analysed, managed, and securely stored 4
using strong IT systems. This frequently takes place in the
corporate data centre or the cloud, where data from many
field locations or sensors may be merged to create a more
complete picture of the entire loT system and deliver useful
insights to both IT and business management.

Disadvantages of IoT Better communication between connected electronic devices
Benefits of IoT
Able to transfer data packets over a network saving time and
money

Able to access information from anywhere at any time on any
device

Able to automate tasks helping to improve the quality of a
business's services and lowering the need for human
intervention

The likelihood that a hacker may obtain private information
rises as the number of connected devices rises and

information is transmitted more widely between devices.

Enterprises may someday have to deal with enormous
numbers of IoT devices, perhaps even millions, and controlling

and collecting data from all those devices will be difficult.

Every linked device will most likely get corrupted if the system
has a problem.

Since there is no global IoT interoperability standard, it is
challenging for devices from various manufacturers to connect

with one another.

Connection and
Positions of IoT

Sensors Connectivity
To begin with, sensors or other devices The gathered data must be transported
assist in gathering minute data from on a media before being transferred to
the surroundings. The intricacy of all of a cloud infrastructure. A number of
this data collection might range from communication and transport methods,
a straightforward temperature sensor including as cellular networks, satellite
to a sophisticated full video feed. A networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, wide-area
device's many sensors can collaborate networks (WAN), low power wide area
to perform tasks beyond than simple networks, and others, can be used to
sensing. For instance, even if our connect sensors to the cloud. Each
phone has several sensors, like a GPS, choice has a unique set of requirements
an accelerometer, and a camera, it and compromises between bandwidth,
also performs other functions. range, and power consumption.
Therefore, it's crucial to choose the
optimal connectivity option for the IOT
system.

Data Processing User interface
The programme processes the data once it The information is then somehow made
has been gathered, transported, and accessible to the end user after that. You
stored in the cloud. This may be as basic may do this by setting alarms on their
as making sure that the temperature phones or by sending them SMS or
reading on appliances like heaters or air emails to alert them. A user may also
conditioners is within a reasonable range. have access to an interface that allows
It may also be quite complicated, such as them to actively monitor their IOT
when utilising computer vision to recognise system. For instance, if a user has a
objects in video (such as intruders in your camera placed in his home, he could
home). When a user engagement is wish to utilise a web server to view all
necessary, however, it can be because the feeds and video recordings. It is not
temperature is too high or there is an usually as straightforward and one-way,
intruder in your house. The user's image is though. The user may also be able to
added at this point. take a step that might have unintended
consequences and disrupt the system,
depending on the loT application and the
complexity of the system.

Principles of IoT

To develop goods or services for the Internet of Things, one
must adhere to certain design principles. The internet of
things may be analysed and implemented by developers
thanks to the design principles. The following makes an
attempt to discuss certain design concepts while taking

important IoT implementation considerations into account.

VIRTUALIZATION

The ability to simulate and create a virtual version of the
actual environment is a requirement for devices and systems.
They must also be able to keep an eye on things just outside

their front door. Simply simply, everything has to be digitally
duplicated. Assuming there is a plant that has been connected

via loT, having a virtual platform, or creating a virtual copy of
the Smart Factory by connecting sensor data with virtual plant
models, enables us to monitor the plant effectively as well as
to simulate various problems that may be experienced due to

various dysfunctional units and maintain proper security
measures for it.

INTEROPERABILITY

The ability to simulate and create a virtual version of the
actual environment is a requirement for devices and systems.
They must also be able to keep an eye on things just outside

their front door. Simply simply, everything has to be digitally
duplicated. Assuming there is a plant that has been connected

via loT, having a virtual platform, or creating a virtual copy of
the Smart Factory by connecting sensor data with virtual plant
models, enables us to monitor the plant effectively as well as
to simulate various problems that may be experienced due to

various dysfunctional units and maintain proper security
measures for it.

20

Buildings Regulations
of IoT

The changing landscape Necessary Compliance

Smart personal and household Although threats to loT devices have
appliances, medical equipment, air always existed, the risk of attack
quality monitors, intelligent traffic surfaces is increasing as devices get
lights, biometric security scanners, more powerful and cloud networks
industrial control systems, and other become more linked. Any organisation
IoT devices are crucial to business that produces and distributes loT
operations and daily life. However, they devices on a worldwide basis will need
do increase the attack surface and to be compliant when new laws come
have a variety of detrimental effects, into force. Organizations will require a
from irritation to bodily injury. For compliance programme and a chief
instance, attackers may discover compliance officer to assure secure
internet-connected devices using goods.
search engines, a feature intended for
information security specialists but
frequently utilised by thieves. The
attackers can then find vulnerable loT
devices, take advantage of their faults,
and break into a network to steal data
or do other harm.

The Capital Tower has many smart

energy systems which include: an air-

conditioning energy recovery wheel

Case Study of IoT system which allows cool air to be
retrieved; motion detectors in the

Capital Tower lobby and all bathrooms to conserve
energy; double-glazed windows that
(Singapore, Indonesia) reduce heat penetration and reduce

energy consumption; the use of

condensation from the air-handling

unit to reduce water usage, and

constant monitoring for carbon

monoxide to ensure optimal air

quality.

MECHANICAL
HANDLING

INTRODUCTION

What is Elevator/Lift?

Elevator or also known as lift, is a transportation device
that is designed to carry people or goods vertically in a
building. It is a common transportation device that can
be found in buildings with 5 floors and above.

It can be either powered by electric motors or hydraulic
fluid that was pumped to raise the cylindrical piston. In
another words it is either classified as electrical traction
type elevators or hydraulic types elevators.




Type of elevator & Building height

Hydraulic Elevator

The elevator was lifted from the lowest floor of the
building by pressurized oil that was pumped through a
valve that will forced the piston to rise and lifted the
elevator.

Traction Elevator

It has a counterweight, attached at the different ends of
hoist rope, which will pass the driving machine that will
move the elevators up and down.

Building Height

The types of elevator used depends on the high of the building,
either low-rise, mid-rise or high-rise building. The hydraulic
elevator is commonly and suitable for low-rise building with 5 floors
below, while traction elevator are often used in mid-rise to high-
rise building with 5 floors and above.

The design or characteristics of elevators
depends on:-

§ The type and usage of the building

§ Floor size and height of the building

§ The size of population and its
distribution in the buildings

§ The fire safety and regulations in
the building

§ The number and location of the lifts
in the building

§ Type of application used and the
maximum capacity of the lift

§ Speeds and number of stops or
opening of the lift

Traction Elevator

o For this case study, the type of elevator chosen is the Traction elevator.

o For traction elevator, a counterweight in a pulley system, along with a
belt or steel ropes, will lift and lower the elevator cab. It has gear-less
permanent magnet motors that are employed to deliver power and
efficiency in a compact design.

o It is ideal for mid to high-rise buildings and it is more economical,
comfortable and reliable compared to hydraulic elevator. This is because,
traction elevator transportation is more smooth and faster than hydraulic
elevator. Other than that, it is also energy efficiency and cost-effective
especially for high-rise building.

Installation

Firstly, determine the type of elevator to be used for the Process
building and choosing the perfect location for the elevators
to be installed; the position should have enough space to 1. Determining the type
work safely without interruption, the floors must be sturdy to and location of lift to be
support the system and for loading and unloading the installed
goods, there must be sufficient overhead clearance.

Then, the columns will be installed, where the column will be 2. Setting column
bolt and guided into the places.

The carriage will be inserted in the determined location that 3. Add carriage
has been marked on the floors and walls of the building,
where the wheelblocks will be fitted into the columns and
bolted properly to the carriage. Lift chains then were
installed and attached to the wheelblocks to avoid when
the carriage is elevated, from slipping off the sprocket.

After that, installation of drive base on top of columns, 4. Raise the drive base
where it will be bolted in place after ensuring the
motordrive is installed perfectly and later be welded to the 5. Assembling and
supports. setting the gates and
enclosure
The gates and enclosure ought to be securely welded in 6. Wiring electrical
place; to avoid objects from falling off the VRC and hurting component
someone

Lastly, the installation of wiring to ensure that the lift can be
operated with a touch of a button and to determine that
the lift is working perfectly and safe to be used by anyone,
the lift will be thoroughly inspected as the final operational
check.

BENEFITS Fast

It is faster than hydraulic elevators to travel through the floorsPROBLEMS
especially for high-rise building and smoother rides compared
to hydraulic elevator

Safety Features

It has a safety feature that is designed to avoid ‘dead drops’
including mechanical failure or broken wires to prevent any
injuries or mishaps to happen

Energy efficiency

it is more energy efficient compared to hydraulic elevators and
suitable for heavy usage

Save space

the hydraulic elevator takes more space compared to traction
elevator because it needs quite a large amount of oils to be
stored as a reserve

Costly

It is more expensive compared to hydraulic elevator

Hard to maintain

It is hard to maintain because the location to control the
machine is situated in the shaft area where it is quite hard to
access

Emergency situation

It is difficult to rescue people in an emergency since traction
elevators need specialized expertise to operate and it is hard to
access in the shaft.

Major Component

Machine room
A room for elevator equipment that contains
the controller, machine drive and overspeed
governor. The location of the machine room is
either located directly above the hoistway of
the lift or located at the bottom of the
shaftway or next to the elevator bank for
bottom drive traction elevator type

Cables or ropes
Usually, a multi-strand steel material ropes or
cables are used to ensure the security of the
cables, for instance, if one of the strands break
off, it can still hold the carriage up.

Pulley or sheave
It is a pulley with grooves and there are two
types of traction lift, that is geared lift, where it
has gears in between the motor and sheave
or gearless lift, where the motor will directly
connect to the sheave.

Counterweight
The counterweight is connected on the other ends of cables of the lift to balance
the weight of the car and able to reduce the amount of strain on the motor
which resulted in lower power needed to move the car up or down.

Motor
To control the sheave in both up and down directions, where one motor will
move the car up and the other one moving it down

Cab/car/carriage
Parts of an elevator that has platform, enclosure, car frame and doors; an
enclosed transport of people or goods

Guide rails
Installed vertically in a hoistway, steel T-shaped or formed pieces with guiding
surfaces guide and steer the movement of an elevator car and elevator
counterweights.

PRINCIPLES

Traction lift is an easy system where a cable is coiled around the pulley,
a motor attached to it and the cable is fastened to the counterweight at
one end and the car at the other end.
The motor will turn the pulley whenever it is called to the floor and move
the car up or down depends on the floor it was called. The
counterweight will balance the weight of the car and reduce the strain
on the motor as the car rise or go down the building.
Overspeed governor, which is located in the machine room, is linked on
the rails in the shaft to monitor the speed of the lift, including stopping
the car.

SAFETY
FEATURES

Brake sensors
To control and adjust the elevator’s speed to prevent jerks and abrupt
stops. These sensors guarantee a safe speed and aid in passengers’
safety.

Safety edge or door sensors
A sensor to make the doors stop or retract upon making contact with an
obstruction either person or goods to avoid it from stuck in between the
lift door

Overload protection
The elevator will stop operating when the load in the car exceeds the
maximum load capacity of the lift

Emergency switches
An emergency switches to ensure the safety of the passenger, for
instance, door open and close button to avoid triggering an alarm if the
door is being hold for a long time, a stop switch to hold the elevator
usually when loading goods, an alarm button in case the passengers is
trapped inside the elevator and a call button to choose a floor especially
for inaccessible floor, used during an emergency or for blind users.

Buffers
A mechanism intended to soften the force with which the elevator goes
into the pit during an emergency and to stop a descending car or
counterweight beyond its normal limit.

Space Implications

A standard elevator is approximately twenty to twenty-five
square feet area. If a maintenance room is necessary for the
chosen elevator type, it will be included in the minimum
amount of space needed for a residential elevator, among
other things. The elevator drive system utilized might also
impact the floor plan.

Building Regulation

The Malaysian Lift Regulations is based on BS2655 and was
established under the Factory and Machineries Act 1967. To
make sure they can operate effectively without posing any
problems for users, it requires care and regular
maintenance. If the maintenance is not done correctly, there
may be breakdowns, which will increase costs and
downtime. To ensure that the elevator is frequently
examined and maintained, it is the owner's and the
responsibility of qualified companies. To prevent mishaps or
undesirable events, owners are also urged to instruct users
on how to operate lifts safely.

SMART HVAC SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning
which provides heating and cooling functions for designated
spaces. These system communicates with other smart
equipment and sensors in your home or office using smart,
wireless technology. This enables your system to make
adjustments automatically based on a variety of specific
parameters and schedules. As a result, you'll have more
comfort, convenience, and energy savings.

Futhermore, an HVAC system is a service that helps maintain
the air quality, temperature, and humidity of an indoor
environment. The major purpose of the HVAC system is to
ensure the comfort and safety of the building's occupants by
ensuring that the interior air contains enough oxygen and is free
of hazardous gases, pollutants, and occupational products.

SYSTEM APPLICATION

The primary system collects data from other
components such as the thermostat and smart phone
and processes it in order to operate the components,
which are the boiler and condenser, respectively.

A significant portion of the usage is accounted for by
the smart HVAC system. High energy usage is wasteful
as a result of global warming and rising energy prices;
therefore, optimization is necessary. The internet of
things (loT) is a fourth-industrial-revolution-
revolutionizing technology that could help personal
HVAC systems be more efficient. It saves money,
enhances the user experience, and simplifies HVAC
system upkeep.

BENEFITS OF SMART
HVAC SYSTEM
Smart HVAC system is may be easier to use in era of
modernization. Is is because convenient to be

applied. An HVAC system can improve air quality by

constantly exchanging the indoor air with fresh,

outdoor air that is also filtered for the best quality

possible. Then, HVAC system also energy

conservation, this system is also run by renewable

energy, sometimes in the form of solar panels.

Energy conservation is even better since the coolant

is nonchlorine-based, which happens to deplete the

ozone layer. Since air inside the home does not

circulate properly and is rarely exchanged with

cooler, drier air outside when applicable. So, your

home may easily grow mold or mildew inside walls

and under floors. The HVAC system help to reduce

the chances of mold growth. The HVAC system

consistently pulls warm, moist air out and sends dry,
cool air inside in awnwwe.rexacllhygarenagtsiete..com 20

DISADVANTAGES OF SMART HVAC SYSTEM

High costs.
It is because the installation of HVAC system is
quite costly. It makes use of a variety of electronic
sensors as well as precise technology.

Need internet Connection
Every digital component, including a smart HVAC
system, has the potential to be damaged and shut
down, leaving the user without control. The
communication between Smart components
requires an active internet connection at all times.

FUNCTION AND CONNECTION SYSTEM

A smart HVAC system consists of automated controls and
cutting-edge equipment that improve performance and
efficiency while giving homeowners more control over their
comfort. The system can be readily or remotely adjusted to
meet the needs and preferences of the users. The system can
be controlled via a smartphone, tablet, or laptop.

Smart thermostats can be linked to other devices such as a
smartphone, tablet, or smart speaker for connectivity. This
allows the homeowner to manually operate them using an app
or just by speaking. This system is sophisticated since it can be
programmed and controlled manually to maintain the ideal
temperature in the room. The HVAC system starts circulating air
as needed when the outside temperature gets extremely hot or
cold.

INSTALLATION PROCESS OF SMART HVAC
SYST
EM

Step 1 :
Open Smart HVAC system apps. Then, register

The MRCOOL Smart Controller account to
enable the MRCOOL Ductless Mini Split to be

easily integrated into the smart system.



Step 2 :
Tap the + button at the home screen. Then, go

to Setting - WiFi- Smart HVAC.



Step 3 :
After that, go back to the Smart HVAC System

apps, then connect to the wifi network



Step 4
After connect the wifi, the device name can be

modified. Then, if the circle around the AC is
not green, just refresh the home screen.

PRINCIPLES OF With a rising number of homes opting
SMART HVAC for smart HVAC systems, they are
becoming more popular. Switching
SYSTEM from a traditional HVAC system to a
smart HVAC system is simple. These
devices have the potential to save 24
users up to 25% on electricity, which
may quickly add up during the
holiday season. Furthermore, if the
smart houses are enjoyed by the
customers. this is the system for
them.

Since most government regulations, REGULATIONS OF
from local to federal, demand more SMART HVAC
efficient HVAC systems, sensors that SYSTEM
automate an HVAC system's
performance and maintenance
requirements are critical. The SEER
(seasonal energy efficiency ratio)
rating of a traditional HVAC system is
13. 16 SEER is the rating for high
efficiency systems, which provide the
most comfort and energy savings.

23

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REFERENCES

Alexander, S. G. (2021). What is the internet of things (IoT)? Tech Target.
https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/Internet-of-Things-
IoT

Comparethemarket.com - What are the Pros and Cons of Smart
Meters? (2021). Comparethemarket.com; Compare the Market.
https://www.comparethemarket.com/energy/content/smart-meter-
pros-cons/

Department of Occupational Safety and Health. (2010). Guidelines on
the safe use of lifts and escalators (pp. 1–27).
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/legislation/guidelines/industrial-
safety/1848-02-guidelines-on-the-safe-use-of-lifts-and-escalators-
2010/file

Kodur, V., Kumar, P., & Rafi, M. M. (2020). Fire hazard in buildings: review,
assessment and strategies for improving fire safety. PSU Research
Review, 4(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-12-2018-0033

The installation of your smart meter – Step-by-step guide – SSE.
(2022). Sse.co.uk. https://sse.co.uk/smart-meters/installing-your-
smart-meter

The Smart Metering System Equipment and communications within
energy consumers’ homes. (n.d.). Retrieved July 4, 2022, from
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/
uploads/attachment_data/file/426135/Smart_Metering_System_leafl
et.pdf

Yee, W. P. U. I. (2015). SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE , BUILDING AND DESIGN (
SABD ) ARC 2423 BUILDING SERVICES PROJECT 1 : CASE STUDY AND
DOCUMENTATION OF BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEMS. May.