Pretending not to care is the habit of someone who generally cares the most An intellegent person is never afrair or ashamed to find errors in their understanding of things. The Brain is Wider than the Sky. Make Colors Work for You The exploration of mind and own persona UNVEILING THE LAYERS WITHIN 01/2024 | 09909876 PSYCHOLOGICAL MAGAZINNE
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3 Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. According to Freudian theory, defense mechanisms involve a distortion of reality in some way so that we are better able to cope with a situation.
2 STUDY OF DEFENSIVE METHODS AND MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENTAL, EMOTIONAL (INTERNALIZATION), AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR (EXTERNALIZATION) DISORDERS This study explores adaptive strategies for coping with the challenges of the human condition and associated conflicts, focusing on defensive mechanisms related to Developmental, Emotional (Internalization), and Disruptive Behavior (Externalization) disorders. The research, conducted with a sample of 390 families, utilizes structured clinical interviews and psychopathological assessments. Defensive mechanisms are assessed using Andrews' (1993) 40-item questionnaire. Statistical analysis reveals that undeveloped defensive mechanisms are most prevalent in developmental disorder families while disruptive behavior disorder families exhibit the least usage. Emotional disorder families with developed mechanisms show the highest usage, whereas developmental disorder families display the least. Notably, neuroticism patients in emotional disorder families, particularly those with social phobia, demonstrate significant variations. This research emphasizes the importance of studying defensive mechanisms in families with psychopathic disorders, underscoring their impact on individuals' lives, interpersonal relations, and problem-solving approaches.
5 INTRODUCTION The study highlights psychoanalysis as a significant innovation, representing a second revolution in psychotherapeutic science. Freud's psychoanalytic system has profoundly influenced psychology and psychotherapy, shaping our understanding of human nature and identity. The model emphasizes the dynamic unconscious as a source of motivation for behavior, feelings, and thoughts. Freud proposed three levels of consciousness—conscious, semiconscious, and unconscious—each influencing human behavior and mental processes. The unconscious, governed by primary processes, contains material that may be stressful for entry into consciousness. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through interpretation and the exploration of defenses. Defenses, crucial for adaptation to the inherent challenges of the human condition, are examined in the context of psychopathological disorders. Freud introduced the concept of defensive mechanisms in 1926, later refined by his daughter, Anna Freud. Excessive use of defenses can lead to obsessive and neurotic behaviors, impacting mental health. The study's objective is to investigate and compare defensive methods and mechanisms in individuals with Developmental, Emotional (Internalization), and Disruptive Behavior (Externalization) disorders. Defensive methods vary based on the level of maturity, categorized into immature, neurotic, narcissistic, and mature groups. Understanding these defenses contributes to identifying personality traits, pathology, and the level of adaptability in individuals.
The Design of the present research is descriptive-analytic in that it aims to state the relation between phenomena and enhance the existence collection knowledge about the role of defensive mechanisms. The statistical universe of this research includes all people who according to the reviewed context fourth edition of the cognitive and statistical booklet of psychopathic disorders in the American Psychotherapist Institute comprise cognitive criteria of developmental, emotional (Internalization), and disruptive behavior (Externalization) disorders. sample of the research included 360 families of children disorder affected by psychopathic disorders that in 1392 were referred to private clinic centers and psychopathic and special school of Hamedan, among these family of children 390 families affected by psychopathic childhood and teenager disorders have criteria for entering this research. These criteria include: 1) involved cognitive criteria of psychopathic disorders according to revision fourth edition of the cognitive and statistical booklet of psychopathic disorders in American Psychotherapist Institute and structured clinical interviews of fourth cognitive and statistical guide of psychopathic disorders for axis1 and psychotherapist diagnostic; 2) at least they have diploma degree; 3) range of their age between 19-43. 2.1 Omission Criteria Include 1) Classification psychopathic disorders axis II and III; 2) Psychotic patient; 3) Patients who are hospitalized at a physical hospital. Sampling has been done according to the available sampling method. Thus people who have selected criteria and have criteria for participating in this research are underway research and if they are satisfied, they are selected as a sample of research and complete the questionnaire. MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGYY
7 RESULT In the examined sample of 390 individuals, comprising 59.24% women, and 89% affected by disruptive family disorders, Table (2) highlights significant differences in average ages among patients with Developmental and Emotional family disorders. Utilizing ANOVA and HSD tests (with equal sample sizes), defensive mechanism models were studied and compared. The results in Table (3) reveal that families with developmental disorders exhibit a higher use of undeveloped defensive mechanisms (39.1) compared to neuroticism patients (12.6) and those using developed methods (6.6). Notably, Bodybuilding (25.2) and Denial (21.1) are the most frequently employed undeveloped mechanisms, while psychoneurotic mechanisms, including Undoing (14.6), Metallization (14.5), and false friendship (14.1), are proportionally more utilized. In families with emotional disorders, there is a greater use of undeveloped defensive mechanisms (23.1). Denial (18.1), Autistic Fantasy (16.8), and Passive Aggression (16.7) are the predominant undeveloped mechanisms, while psychoneurotic mechanisms, including friendship (15.6) and Metallization (12.7), are relatively more employed. For families with disruptive behavior disorders, undeveloped defensive mechanisms are more common (19.4), with Denial (19.2) and Devaluation (11.2) being the maximum and minimum averages, respectively. In psychoneurotic mechanisms, friendship (13.1) and Reaction formation (11.3) are notable.
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PSYCHOTHERAPY (SOMETIMES CALLED TALK THERAPY) REFERS TO A VARIETY OF TREATMENTS THAT AIM TO HELP A PERSON IDENTIFY AND CHANGE TROUBLING EMOTIONS, THOUGHTS, AND BEHAVIORS. MOST PSYCHOTHERAPY TAKES PLACE WHEN A LICENSED MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL AND A PATIENT MEET ONE-ONONE OR WITH OTHER PATIENTS IN A GROUP SETTING. 11 EVEN WHEN MEDICATION RELIEVES SYMPTOMS, PSYCHOTHERAPY CAN HELP A PERSON ADDRESS SPECIFIC ISSUES. THESE MIGHT INCLUDE SELF-DEFEATING WAYS OF THINKING, IRRATIONAL FEARS, PROBLEMS INTERACTING WITH OTHER PEOPLE, OR DIFFICULTY COPING WITH SITUATIONS AT HOME, SCHOOL, OR WORK.
Interrelation between defensive mechanisms and coping strategies in psychiatry trainees in Romania: a multicenter study Anca-Livia Panfil et al. 4 THE CHALLENGES FACED BY PROFESSIONALS WHEN WORKING IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHIATRY REQUIRE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADEQUATE DEFENSIVE AND COPING MECHANISMS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EXPLORE BOTH COPING STRATEGIES AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP IN PSYCHIATRY TRAINEES IN ROMANIA.
4 The association between coping and defense mechanisms remains controversial, with Freud introducing the term "defense mechanisms" in 1926 to elucidate stress management. Traditionally, defense mechanisms involve involuntary responses to internal or external factors, encompassing feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, while coping mechanisms are conscious, purposeful processes based on cognition. The intertwined nature of these concepts has led to frequent misuse and confusion in literature. Research on coping and defense mechanisms has been conducted in the context of various symptoms and disorders, revealing specific patterns. The vulnerabilitystress psychopathology model suggests that vulnerability (non-adaptive mechanisms) and stress (life events) interact, influencing the emergence of disorders. Coping and defense mechanisms can contribute to vulnerability or serve as protective factors. Perry and Carver proposed hierarchies of defense mechanisms and coping strategies, respectively. Despite high burnout rates among medical professionals, including psychiatrists, the evaluation of coping and defenses in medical doctors has been limited. Stressors in psychiatry, such as patient suicides, contribute to burnout and mental health issues. A pilot study on psychiatry trainees in Romania prompted further exploration of the relationship between coping strategies and defense mechanisms. The study aimed to understand these mechanisms among trainees, directing resources toward effective interventions for psychopathology prevention. The exploration of this relationship provides practical insights for future interventions in the challenging field of psychiatry.
5 Romanian psychiatry trainees from five different training centers and different regions in Romania (Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, Târgu Mures, and Sibiu) were invited to participate. Questionnaires were distributed with the help of the Romanian Psychiatric Trainees Association’s national network. Local coordinators were involved in distributing and collecting the on-paper questionnaires based on their contact with local trainees. Data collection was conducted between March 2016 and September 2016. The inclusion criteria were enrollment in a psychiatry training program in Romania, Romanian nationality, and agreement to complete the questionnaires. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study and the confidentiality of the collected data. No remuneration was offered. We estimated a total of 604 active psychiatric trainees at the time of the study, and 398 in the centers where we conducted the research. We did not consider the possible dropouts from the training program, changes in specialty, or migration of trainees, which is one of the highest in Europe [36]. A total of 133 questionnaires were collected. By selecting the ones that had a maximum of three questions with no response, 112 questionnaires were included in the study. In the case of missing answers, the response was completed with the corresponding mean values.
RESULT The psychiatry trainees predominantly employed superior defense mechanisms and task-oriented coping strategies. Notably, there were consistently significant correlations (ranging from 0.2 to 0.5) between adaptive defense mechanisms and coping strategies focused on both problem-solving and emotion regulation. Similarly, avoidant coping strategies were correlated with nonadaptive defense mechanisms, with correlations falling between 0.3 and 0.5. The statistical model used demonstrated good fit indices (X2(34) = 64.324, p < 0.001; GFI = 0.93; root mean square error = 0.08). Furthermore, the results indicated a weak association between the two types of adaptive processes (r = 0.07, p < 0.001). Overall, these findings suggest a consistent relationship between adaptive defense mechanisms and task-oriented coping strategies, as well as a connection between avoidant coping and nonadaptive defense mechanisms among psychiatry trainees.
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11 APPROXIMATING DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN A NATIONAL STUDY OF ADULTS: PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES WITH FUNCTIONING. CARLOS BLANCO ET AL. THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF 12 DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN THE GENERAL ADULT POPULATION USING DATA FROM THE NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON ALCOHOL AND RELATED CONDITIONS (NESARC). FINDINGS INDICATE THAT PATHOLOGICAL AND IMMATURE DEFENSES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH YOUNGER AGE, NEVER-MARRIED STATUS, LOWER EDUCATION, AND INCOME. THE STUDY EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF RECOGNIZING THESE DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE TREATMENT MODALITY.
11 INTRODUCTION Defense mechanisms are automatic psychological responses, mainly unconscious, that individuals employ to manage stressors and emotional conflicts, keeping unpleasant feelings or mental states out of awareness. Despite their central role in psychoanalysis, psychodynamic psychiatry, and psychology, there's a lack of research on defense mechanisms in large, general population samples. Understanding these mechanisms can advance theory, guide clinical care, and enhance our comprehension of their function. Studies suggest a hierarchy of adaptiveness in defense mechanisms, with mature defenses associated with higher psychosocial functioning. While prior research has mainly focused on clinical or convenience samples, this study utilizes data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to estimate the prevalence and correlates of defense mechanisms in the general population. The research hypothesizes prevalent pathological, immature, and neurotic defense mechanisms, anticipating associations with lower psychosocial functioning. Despite the NESARC's primary design not focusing on defenses, the study aims to validate approximations by examining their correlation with other measures of functioning.
7 MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGYY The study utilized data from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 and the 2004–2005 follow-up (Wave 2). The NESARC is a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized US adults. The Wave 1 response rate was 81%, and the cumulative response rate for Wave 2 was 70.2% (n = 34,653). The assessment involved the AUDADIS-IV diagnostic interview to identify items approximating 12 defense mechanisms. These mechanisms were categorized into three levels of adaptiveness (pathological, immature, and neurotic). Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Short-Form 12 version 2 (SF-12). Statistical analyses included estimating weighted prevalence, comparing prevalence by sociodemographic groups, and assessing SF-12 scores. The study used t-tests, risk differences, and linear regressions, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, with significance set at 0.05. The analysis considered estimates significantly different if their 95% confidence intervals did not overlap.
RESULT There was a broad range of variation in the prevalence of the defense mechanisms. When the impairment criterion was not applied, the prevalence ranged from 13.2% (splitting) to 44.5% (obsessive/controlling behavior). The use of at least one neurotic defense was endorsed by 53.6% of respondents, while the use of at least one immature defense was endorsed by 49.5%, and at least one pathological defense by 39.4%. Applying the impairment criterion resulted in lower prevalence for all mechanisms of defense, but still considerable variability in prevalence across mechanisms from 1.2% (autistic fantasy) to 11.3% (projection). Use of at least one immature defense (25.4%) was more common than use of at least one neurotic defense (14.6%), which in turn remained more common than use of at least one pathological defense (7.3%). Figure 1 depicts the prevalence of mechanisms of defense when the impairment criterion was not applied (full bar), as well as the prevalence when the impairment criterion was applied (blue portion of the bar). The prevalence of mechanisms of defense that did not meet the impairment criterion is represented by the orange portion of the bar.
What psychological complex suggests that little girls are in psychosexual competition with their mothers for the love of their fathers? Its name comes from the name of the Ancient Greek female character who attempted to kill her mother, Clymenestra, in the “Orestes” plays. 11 TTRRIIVVIIAA
8 Attachment Styles and Use of Defense Mechanisms: A Study of the Adult Attachment Projectivojective and Cramer's Defense Mechanism Scale Paul Matthew Hoffma ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the connection between adult attachment and the maturity of defense mechanisms. One hundred undergraduate students underwent assessments using the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The TAT scores for defense mechanisms were obtained using Cramer's Defense Mechanism Manual (DMM). The AAP categories were condensed into secure and insecure attachment groups, which were then compared to the DMM's three defense levels (denial, projection, and identification). Results indicated that insecure attachment correlated with primitive defenses like denial and projection, while no differences were observed in the use of the mature defense of identification between insecure and secure groups. The study suggests that attachment may influence the development of defensive structures, with insecure attachment potentially hindering the effective use of identification as a defense mechanism, leading to a greater reliance on immature defenses. Additionally, the findings propose that immature defenses may serve as a more accurate indicator of psychological deficits than mature defenses.
INTRODUCTION 13 The psychodynamic concept of defense mechanisms and John Bowlby's attachment theory, both extensively studied, share a common focus on human adaptation. Bowlby's attachment theory explores how infants adapt through bonding with caregivers, influencing subsequent interpersonal behavior. Defense mechanisms elucidate how individuals protect themselves from anxiety while avoiding conscious awareness of its source. Comparing these concepts provides insights into human development and adaptation. Attachment theory primarily addresses interpersonal behavior, but exploring its relationship with defense mechanisms could enhance understanding of attachment's implications on broader psychological functioning. This investigation may also illuminate how attachment, particularly in the early stages, relates to the development of psychological defensive structures, considering the developmental hierarchy of defense mechanisms.
9 METHODOLOGY This study is part of a larger comparative effort examining the relationship between attachment and defense mechanisms. The research team, consisting of eight graduate students focused on data collection and scoring, along with one undergraduate student assisting in transcription and data entry, conducted the study over eight months. Using the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), the study specifically explores the correlation between attachment status and the maturity of defense mechanisms. The assessments, AAP and TAT, were administered according to standard procedures at the University of Tennessee Psychology Building. To establish reliability among raters, a subsample of 20 AAP protocols and 20 TAT protocols were selected. Following reliability assessment, AAP protocols were randomly distributed among five raters, and TAT protocols were randomly divided between two raters for the final analysis.
RESULT Reliability rates for both the AAP and DMM were excellent (Table A-1). In the final distribution, individuals were unevenly distributed across attachment categories, consolidated into Secure (45) and Insecure (55) groups. Demographic analyses showed no significant relationships (p < .05) between age, gender, and attachment or defense mechanisms. Before testing the primary hypothesis, demographic data were examined for covariance (see Table A-3 for sample demographic data). Pearson's r correlations assessed the relationship between age and defense mechanisms used. Independent samples ttests were employed for gender differences in defense mechanisms used. Chi-square analyses explored the relationship between Adult Attachment classification and gender, while independent samples t-tests assessed the relationship between age and adult attachment. No significant relationships (p < .05) were found between age and gender and any of the attachment or defense mechanism variables.
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2 A STUDY ON DEFENSE MECHANISMS AND LEVEL OF ANXIETY IN ADOLESCENTS Ego defense mechanisms are psychological processes that help individuals cope with anxiety stemming from stressful situations. These mechanisms play a crucial role in assessing personality traits, anxiety levels, and coping methods. While they serve to protect the mind from overwhelming thoughts and feelings, prolonged or excessive use can be detrimental, leading to a complete denial of reality. This study explores the correlation between defense mechanisms in adolescents (aged 12 to 18) and their anxiety levels. A sample of 50 adolescents underwent assessments using standardized scales for defense mechanisms and anxiety levels. Results indicate a significant positive relation between mature defense mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms, as well as between immature defense mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms. The study also suggests a negative correlation, though not significant, between all defense systems and anxiety levels. Findings imply that various environmental and genetic factors, along with the type of defense mechanisms, contribute to defining anxiety levels.
4 The use of defense mechanisms is a global strategy to cope with distressing events, thoughts, and emotions, offering a means to manage feelings like shame and guilt. Instances of anxiety, often induced by significant life events or chronic stress, find relief through mechanisms like repression and denial. Waqas et al.'s (2015) study on medical students revealed prevalent anxiety and depression, linking higher academic scores to moderate anxiety and low depression levels, with a strong association with ego-defense mechanisms. In another study focusing on undergraduates, Lobel et al. (2016) found gender-specific correlations. Females exhibited positive correlations between trait anxiety and defense styles involving self-directed and outwarddirected anger, while males showed no significant relations. An examination of ego defense mechanisms in adolescent psychiatric patients and healthy peers by Offer et al. (2000) highlighted distinctions in defenses. Anger significantly correlated with projection, displacement, and regression. Anxiety was associated with displacement, reaction formation, and undoing, while denial showed a negative correlation with depression. This study aims to explore the dynamic relationship between defense mechanisms and anxiety levels in adolescents.
MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGYY A total of 50 participants, evenly split between 25 males and 25 females, residing in Delhi and Bangalore, aged between 12 and 18, took part in the study. The Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), a 40-question scale by Andrews, Singh, and Bond (1993), was used to categorize defense mechanisms into Mature, Immature, and Neurotic. Each question was rated on a 9-point scale. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), devised by Spielberger (1977), comprised two parts, Form Y-1 and Form Y-2, each with 20 questions rated on a 4-point scale. It measured the intensity of anxiety feelings and differentiated between state anxiety and trait anxiety. Participants were informed about the research's purpose before completing the questionnaires through Google Forms, expressing gratitude for their contribution and cooperation.
The study results indicate a significant positive correlation between mature defense mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms (r = +0.310, p < .05), as well as between immature defense mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms (r = +0.305, p < .05). While a negative correlation with anxiety exists across all defense categories, it is most pronounced with mature defense mechanisms, suggesting that anxiety levels decrease with the use of mature defenses compared to neurotic and immature ones. The study confirms the null hypothesis, suggesting no significant relationship between anxiety and ego defense mechanisms. Furthermore, the research aligns with prior studies by Granieri et al. (2017), indicating a positive correlation between immature defenses and maladaptive personality domain scores, while mature defenses exhibit a positive connection with improved personality functioning. Carvalho et al. (2019) found expressive differences between mature, neurotic, and immature defense mechanisms, associating less mature defenses with pathological personality traits. Nam et al. (2019) observed that the maladjusted group employed immature defenses more frequently than the control group, emphasizing the influence of defense patterns on personality development. 11 RREESSUULLTT
In his 1943 paper “A Theory Of Human Motivation” , Abraham Maslow theorized a hierarchy of human needs, with each need built upon fulfilling the last. This hierarchy was visually presented in what shape, also the only surviving Wonder of the Ancient World? TTRRI IVVI IAA
Mindfulness and Defense Mechanisms as Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation Strategies against Psychological Distress during Massive Catastrophic Events Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe et al. 4 AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING, EMOTION REGULATION MODIFIES EMOTIONAL REACTIONS THROUGHOUT A PERSON'S LIFETIME AND AFFECTS THEIR SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE. EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT EMOTION REGULATION MEASURES, SUCH AS MINDFULNESS AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS, WORK TOGETHER POSITIVELY TO ENABLE ADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO STRESSFUL LIFE SITUATIONS. THIS STUDY SHOWS THAT DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLNESS IS PREDICTED BY THESE EMOTION REGULATION TECHNIQUES. IN RESPONSE TO AN ONLINE POLL MEASURING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS PUT IN PLACE TO STOP THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 IN ITALY, 6385 CONVENIENCE SAMPLE PARTICIPANTS—SELECTED USING SNOWBALL SAMPLING ON MULTIPLE SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS—COMPLETED THE STUDY. SCL-90, IES-R, MAAS, DMRS-30-SR, AND OTHER MEASURES WERE USED TO MEASURE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS, MINDFULNESS, AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS, RESPECTIVELY.
8 INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation has emerged as a crucial aspect of mental health, gaining increasing attention in clinical psychology due to its impact on chronic diseases [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]. It encompasses both conscious and unconscious techniques employed to manage emotional reactions, affecting how emotions are subjectively experienced and expressed [7]. Explicit emotion regulation involves intentional efforts to modify emotional responses, often through expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal [8]. Recent neurobiological models suggest that mindfulness, characterized by self-awareness, selfregulation, and self-transcendence, may induce changes in neurocognitive networks related to intention, motivation, attention, and emotion regulation [9, 10]. Defense mechanisms, on the other hand, are automatic psychological strategies individuals use to shield themselves from anxiety stemming from internal conflicts and external stressors. These mechanisms are typically organized hierarchically, ranging in maturity and adaptiveness [22]. Mature defenses exhibit similarities with coping strategies [23], highlighting their role in managing psychological challenges.
In March 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, an online poll was conducted, spanning from March 13 to March 26. The survey included 6385 randomly selected Italian citizens, utilizing snowball sampling through various social media platforms. Participants were informed about the study's objectives, sought consent for personal information usage, and provided sociodemographic details and COVID-19-related information, including relocations and cases among acquaintances. MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGYY 11 Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals, were employed, and the normality of distributions was assessed using the Anderson–Darling test and Normal P-P plot. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine associations between explicit and implicit emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, multivariate analysis investigated mindfulness and defense mechanisms as potential moderators of psychological symptoms.
The impact of emotion regulation in mediating an individual’s adjustment to traumatic experiences is remarkable. The adaptive function of emotion regulation becomes of great importance in massive catastrophic events such as the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. As an isolated attempt at studying simultaneously explicit and implicit emotion regulation, this study aimed to pave the way for new research on the interplay between psychological resources and stressful life conditions in both general and clinical populations [63,64,65]. The systematic investigation of emotion regulation with appropriate instruments could be an important support in the early detection of vulnerable individuals at risk of developing several psychopathologies. Future research should address the need to validate emotion regulationbased psychological intervention, enhancing resilience to and preventing the development of mental disorders RESULT
12 SUMMER COLLECTION
Here, you can place a caption for the photo. It can be a short description or it can credit the production team. 6 A magazine is a periodical publication, which can either be printed or published electronically. It is issued regularly, usually every week or every month, and it contains a variety of content. This can include articles, stories, photographs, and advertisements. To create your own, choose a topic that interests you. It can be anything from fashion and beauty to travel and the news. Once you have your overall theme, you can start brainstorming the content. Just starting? Design a memorable masthead with an equally memorable name. This goes on the cover and sets up the branding for your entire magazine. What style are you going for? Is it playful? Classic? Bold? A good masthead captures the essence of your magazine, so it needs to be flexible, meaningful, and consistent enough for future issues. Next, think of a compelling feature for your cover story. This will be what draws your audience in.
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You can add a brief description for each article or keep it simple and paste the feature titles on the page. Don't forget your page numbers too! To create your own, choose a topic that interests you. It can be anything from fashion and beauty to travel and the news. Once you have your overall theme, you can start brainstorming the content. Just starting? Design a memorable masthead with an equally memorable name. This goes on the cover and sets up the branding for your entire magazine. What style are you going for? Is it playful? Classic? Bold? A good masthead captures the essence of your magazine, so it needs to be flexible, meaningful, and consistent enough for future issues. Next, think of a compelling feature for your cover story. This will be what draws your audience in. Make sure that you have accompanying visual content that immediately catches the eye. Include photos, illustrations, and other graphics to match. Appeal to your audience, choose the right fonts and images, and you'll have a magazine that people will remember for years to come. 10 A PULL QUOTE IS AN IMPACTFUL QUOTE TAKEN FROM THE ARTICLE. YOU CAN PLACE THE QUOTE YOU WANT TO HIGHLIGHT HERE.
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