ACADEMIC ENGLISH BOOK

936-004

ACADEMID

ENGLISH

Unit 1: A PERFECT MATCH

A. READING TEXT

Have you seen the TV show, "The Bachelor?" Do you have
any idea what is this show all about?

For those who don't know, The Bachelor provides one
man -the eponymous bachelor -a group of twenty-five to
thirty gorgeous women from whom he must choose a wife
-for all intents and purposes his life partner. Not a
girlfriend, a wife. The goal of the show is to turn the
bachelor into a married man.

The Bachelor is absolutely brilliant...just not at making marriages. According to
Wikipedia, as of March 2015 only five lasting ideal partnerships have come out of
the twenty-nine seasons of The Bachelor and its gender-reverse counterpart, The
Bachelorette, combined. But the show is genius at a particular aspect of
relationships: making people think they're falling in love. How does the show do
this? It's easy to chalk it up to everyone being ridiculously good-looking, plus the
impossibly romantic, expense-free dates. Rappelling down the highest cliff in
Bali and then attending a private concert by the biggest local pop star, anyone?
Swimming in a cove of endangered dolphins and then dining in a thousand-year-
old castle? A little adrenaline, a little romance, and everyone's in love!

- How about you? Are you willing to marry someone that you've just met? Or
- Are you going to wait for someone even though it will take time?
- Do you think there is such thing as perfect match?

Here are some of the famous couples in history that were considered as
a perfect match

ANTHONY & CLEOPATRA
(41 BCE - 30 BCE)

They are arguably the most famous lovers in
history.Marcus Antonius of Rome stood at the pinnacle of
power,fighting to be the most powerful man in the
known world; and Cleopatra VII Philopator was the queen
of one ancient civilization, Egypt, and heir to the
unmatched cultural achievements of another, Greece.
The pair, in fact, did marry in 36 B.C.E., In 31 B.C.E., while
fighting a battle in Actium, Anthony heard a false news
about Cleopatra's death. Not wanting to live without her,
he stabbed himself with his own sword. When Cleopatra
learned about Anthony's death, she let herself be bitten
by a poisonous snake and was later found dead. Their
love affair, their war together, their defeat and, finally,
their suicides have been told and retold for centuries.

SHAH JAHAN & MUMTAZ MAHAL
(1607 - 1631)

In 1612, a teenage girl, Arjumand Banu, married
15-year- old Shah Jahan, ruler of the Mughal
Empire Renamed Mumtaz Mahal, she bore Shah
Jahan 14 children and became his favorite wife.
After Mumtaz died in 1629, the grieving emperor
resolved to create a fitting monument. It took
20,000 workers and 1,000
elephants nearly 20 years to complete this monument-the Taj Mahal. Built
of white marble, the Taj sits on a sandstone platform. A 137-foot high dome
tops the mausoleum. The interior is lavishly decorated in lapis lazuli,
turquoise, agate, jasper, and colored marble. The exterior is paved with
semiprecious stones that sparkle in the sun. The surrounding garden
contains four water channels representing the four rivers of Islamic
paradise.

MARIE & PIERRE CURIE
(1894 - 1906)

Because women were not able to attend
university in Poland in the 19th Century, Mary
Sklodowska left Poland to study at a French
University in 1891. Now known by her French
name Marie, she worked hard in a laboratory,
catching the attention of Pierre Curie, the
laboratory director, Mary and Pierre got
married in 1895. Although they are poor, they
were both devoted to their research and to
each other. In 1898, the couple discovered the
elements polonium and radium.
They eventually won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for the discovery of
radioactivity. When Pierre died in 1906, Marie honored his memory by
continuing their work. In 1911, Marie Curie won another Nobel Prize, this time
for Chemistry. She was the first person to win the Nobel prize twice.

DAVID & VICTORIA BECKHAM
(1999)

David and Victoria met in 1997 after the Spice Girl
attended a Manchester United match at David's
request. It was clear for all to see that they were a
great couple from the start, and the media began
referring to them as Posh and Becks. The wedding
ceremony on July 4th 1999 saw them sitting on
golden thrones and set Posh and Becks back an
alleged
£500,000. Soon after, they bought the famous Beckingham Palace in
Hertfordshire, worth an estimated £7.5 million. Both have excelled in their
careers. David is one of the most capped England players of all time, having
represented his country 115 times, as well as captaining the nation. Over an
illustrious career, he has played for some of the best football clubs in the world,
including Manchester United, Real Madrid and

AC Milan. Victoria on the other hand was in one of the most successful groups
of all time with the Spice Girls, and in 2011 was named Designer of the Year at
the annual British Fashion Awards. 'I think people saw the real me...,' she told
Harper's Bazaar, 'and the truth is, I would have felt much more comfortable in
my pajamas with the kids and David in a hotel watching it on TV.

B. VOCABULARY -very attractive, beautiful
1. Gorgeous (งดงาม)

2. Goal (เปา้ หมาย) - an aim or desired result
3. Ridiculous (ไรส้ าระ) - so as to cause surprise or disbelief.

4. Endangered (ใกลส้ ญู พนั ธ)์ - seriously at risk of extinction

5. Pinnacle (สขิ ร) -the most successful point

6. Unmatched (ไมม่ ีทเ่ี ปรยี บ) -not equaled

7. Empire (อาณาจกั ร) -countries ruled over by a single monarch
8. Mausoleum (สสุ าน) -impressive building housing a tomb or

group of tombs -found unexpectedly
9. Discover (เปิด)

10. Illustrious (เลอื่ งลอื ) -well known, respected, and admired for

past achievement

Activity 1:True or False.
1. All the marriages in the Bachelor are all successful.
a. True b. False
2. Cleopatra and Anthony killed each other because the hate each other.
a.True b. False
3. David and Victoria Beckham are celebrities.
a. True b. False
4. Marie Curie won the Nobel Peace Prize, twice.
a. True b. False
5. Mumtaz Mahal is the only wife of Shah Jahan
a. True b. False

C.GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PASTTENSE

The simple past tense is used to talk about finished actions that happened at a specific
time in the past. You state when it happened using a time adverb.

You form the simple past of a verb by adding ed onto the end of a regular verb but,
irregular verb forms have to be learnt.

REGULAR VERB
The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular past forms. The rule is the

following.
Verb ed

Examples:

The spelling of the simple past form (-ed forms)
You will learn the spelling of the simple past form (-ed form.) But before

continue the lesson study the following examples and try to see how the verbs
are spelled.

The rules of the simple past tense forms:
Here are the rules:
1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past
participle:
Example:

close=closed
2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel +y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past
participle:
Example:

play=played
3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past
participle
(the 'y' becomes an 'i' followed by ed)
Example:

marry=married
4. All the other regular verbs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle:
Example:

visit=visited

Special cases of the ed forms:

Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open,

offer.)

1. If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word,

double the consonant stop - stopped

ban banned

swap - swapped

2. If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it:
open - opened (Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e')
offer-offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e')

In British English we double the last T' of words like travel, cancel and level even

though the last vowel is not stressed. Here are some examples:

travel - travelled level-levelled

cancel - cancelled marvel - marvelled

A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular
verb. There is no rule for these verbs.You should learn them by heart.

Exercise 1: Complete these sentences, Use the verbs below, (regularVerbs)

1. The concert last night __________at 7.30 and _________at 10 o'clock.
2. The accident__________ last Sunday afternoon.
3. Mozart _____________from 1756 to 1791.
4. It was hot in the room, so I___________ the window.
5. William Shakespeare _____________in 1616.
6.You_________ in England last week.
7. My mum ___________Russian at university.
8. I _____________you yesterday, but you weren't at home.
9. Last night, Marga and Alice__________ their holiday.
10. Tom____________ us to his birthday party.
11. The children___________ the books to the classroom.
12. We_________ the exam at half past three.
13. I __________to Jane about films and fashion.

Exercise 2: Put the sentences from the present into the past tense.
1. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. We ___________to the cinema last
Sunday, too.
2. Tom always has a shower in the morning. Tom _________a shower this
morning, too.
3. They come to house Friday. Last Friday they______, too.
4. They buy a new car every year. Last year they__________ a new car, too
5. They always get up early. This morning they ________up late.
6. Bill often loses his key. He___________ one last Saturday.
7. I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week I ___________two letters.
8. She meets her friends every evening. She________ them yesterday evening,
too.
9. He always goes to work by car.Yesterday he ________to work by bus.
10. I usually read two newspapers every day. I only _________a newspaper
yesterday.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
In English, the past tense ending -ed has three different pronunciations.

* For verbs that end in the sounds p,kf,s,ch, or sh, pronounce the ending in
/t/ as in worked.

* For verbs that end in vowel sounds or b.g,v,z,zh,th.j,m,n,ng,l,r pronounce
the ending /d/ as in opened

* For verbs that end in the sounds d or t, pronounce the ending /id/ as in
wanted.

1. They traded something of value that they possessed for something they needed.
2. What if no one wanted or needed it?
3. The first coins were produced in China, and the first paper money appeared in
China.
4. Money called digital cash is already being exchanged over the Internet.
E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
1. Choose a couple that you feel is a perfect match.
2. They could include actors, musician, politicians, athletes, and others.
3. Write a short essay about this couple, explaining why they are perfect match.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least
800 words.

Unit 2: RAGS TO RICHES

A. READING TEXT

According to Wikipedia, Rags to riches refers to any situation in which a
person rises from poverty to wealth, and in some cases from absolute obscurity
to heights of fame, fortune and celebrity-sometimes instantly.

Most of the rags to riches story are those who became instant millionaire
by winning the lottery, or an heir who received his wealth from the demise of his
parents.

However, there are also those, who worked really hard to achieved what
they have right now. They started from nothing and after countless
disappointments, heartaches, rejections, sacrifices and hard work they were
able to succeed.

Here are some of the rags to riches stories that we can get inspiration.

AMANCIO ORTEGA
(66,5 billion USD)

Retail Clothing. Spain

Armancio Ortega is the founder and chairman
of a company that owns many stores including the
enormously popular international clothing store,
Zara. He is Spain's riches man, Ortega is the son of
the railroad worker and a maid, and had no formal
higher education. When Ortega was 13, he worked as
a delivery by for a shirt maker and later became the
manager of the clothing shop. He began making
clothing in his living room and selling it to local
stores. Ortega had an ability to predict what styles
were going to be popular and create these styles
with inexpensive materials. In 1975, Ortega opened
his first Zara store. Zara gained a reputation for
selling designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today
Ortega's company has more then 4,0000 stores in 71
countries.

J.K ROWLING
(1.0 billion USD)
Publishing, United Kingdom

J.K. Rowling is the British author of the wildly
successful Harry Potter series. Rowling, once a single
mother living on welfare, is now a billionaire whose books
have been translated into 60 languages and have sold
over 400 million copies worldwide. The books also
inspired a series of billion-dollar movies. Her journey
from welfare mom to billionaire author happened in less
than five years.

Rowling conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series
while on a long train ride in 1990. She was poor that she
used to

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to be a fairy tale resolution. LI KA SHING

(29.4 billion USD)
Business, Hong Kong

Li was born into an impoverished family in China in 1928.
When he was 15, his father died, forcing Li to leave high
school so that he could work to support his family. He took
a job in a plastic company, where he would work 16 hours a
day. At this company, li used to assemble plastic flowers. By
1950, Li had started his own plastics manufacturing
company. His company prospered which led to Li to expand
his business into many different fields.

However, his successes are not all monetary. Li Ka-Shing has a reputation for being
honest and generous. In fact, he is one of Asia's most prominent philanthropists,
and has announced plans to donate one-third of his wealth to charity.

OPRAH WINFREY
(2.6 billion USD)
Entertainment, U.S.A.

Oprah Winfrey was born in Mississippi into extremely
poor family. Her mother was a maid, and her father was a
barber. Winfrey lived in such poverty that she wore
dresses made of potato sacks. Winfrey was a talkative girl
who would often pretend to interview her dolls. She
excelled in school and won a college scholarship When she
graduated, Winfrey got a job reporting the news which
was popular that it was broadcast nationally. The Oprah
Winfrey show now air in 135 countries, and is viewed by
about 46 million people. Winfrey also has a magazine, a
production company and co-founded a cable television
network.

B. VOCALBULARY

1. Heir (ผูส้ บื สายโลหติ ) -a person who inherits or has a right of
inheritance in the property of another
2. Demise (อนิจกรรม) following the latter's death.
3. Predict (ทานาย) -death
4. Reputation (ชอ่ื เสยี ง) - foretell the future.
5. Welfare (สวสั ดกิ าร) - good name
-a government agency that provide funds to
6. Journey (เทย่ี ว) those people in need.
7. Impoverished (ขน้ แคน้ ) -progress from one stage to another
8. Philanthropist (คนใจบุญ) -poor
-a person who gives something for those in
9. Excel (เป็ นหน่ึง) need.
10. Scholarship (ทุนการศกี ษา) -to be better, to be the best
-a sum of money or other aid granted to a
student for education.

Activity 1.True or False
1. A person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the
generous donation of money to good causes.
a. True b. False
2. Armancio Ortega's father is so rich that they don't need to work to have
money.
a. True b. False
3. JK Rowling is the writer of " The Lord of the Rings".
a. True b. False
4. Oprah Winfrey was born in an extremely wealthy family.
a. True b. False
5. Li Ka-Shings family was from China before they moved to Singapore.
a. True b. False

C. GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENTVS PRESENT CONTINOUS

What's the difference between the Present Simple Present Continuous and how
to use them?

* We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed habits or
routines things that don't change. Structure: Subject + Verb (vI)+ es/es

* We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening at
the present moment, but will soon finish. Structure: Subject +is am are +
Verb(+ing)

HERE ARETHE DIFFERENCES

Exercise:
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) _________her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work)__________ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer
I (study)____________French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in
Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet: John (sleep) __________
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella It (rain) ________
5. I hate living in Seattle because it rain, always) ___________
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) ___________because everybody
(talk)__________ so loudly.
7. Justin (write, currently)___________ a book about his adventures in Tibet. I
hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) __________to a movie tonight with some
friends.

9. The business cards (be, normally)____________ printed by a company in
New York. Their prices (be)___________ inexpensive, yet the quality of their
work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be)_____________ made by a small chocolatier
in Zurich, Switzerland.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
Listen and practice the English /r/ sound in these sentences
1. After breaking up the fight, the prince of Verona gives a warning.
2. Romeo reveals himself and proclaims his love,
3. Romeo and Juliet are married in secret by Friar Lawrence.
4. A furious and grieving Romeo then kills Tybalt.
5. Friar Lawrence's letter never reached Romeo.

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
1. Choose a famous and/or wealthy person.
2. Research information about this person's life, including the events that
took the person from obscurity to fame or poverty to wealth.
3. Write a biographical essay about this person.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, single space. Write at
least 800 words.

Unit 3: THE STORY OF GEORGE
WASHINGTON CARVER

A. READING TEXT

Considered to be one of America's greatest
scientist in the field of Agriculture Carver's reputation is
based on his research into and promotion of alternative
crops to cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans, and sweet
potatoes, which also aided nutrition for farm families.
He wanted poor farmers to grow alternative crops both
as a source of their own food and as a source of other
products to improve their quality of life. He was
recognized for his many achievements and talents. In
1941, Time magazine dubbed Carver "Black a Leonardo"

Carver was born into slavery in Diamond Grove, Newton County, near
Crystal Place, now known as Diamond, Missouri, possibly in 1864 or 1865, though
the exact date is not known. His master, Moses Carver, was a German American
immigrant who had purchased George's parents, Mary and Giles, from William P.
McGinnis on October 9, 1855, for $700. Carver had 10 sisters and a brother, all of
whom died prematurely.

When George was only a week old, he, a sister, and his mother were
kidnapped by night raiders from Arkansas, George's brother, James, was rushed
to safety from the kidnappers. The kidnappers sold the slaves in Kentucky. Moses
Carver hired John Bentley to find them, but he located only the infant George.
Moses negotiated with the raiders to gain the boy's return, and rewarded Bentley.
In 1865, there were no longer slaves in the United States, but George and his
brother continued to live with the Carvers. The Carvers gave him as much
education as they could. At the age of 12, George left the Carvers to start life on
his own.

For the next 12 years, he worked whenever he could and went to school
whenever he could. He managed to finish high school and won a scholarship to
go to Highland University.

However, when he appeared in the University, they refused to admit him because
he was black. This did not stop Carver, he continued to work and save money. In
early 1888, Carver obtained a $300 loan at the Bank of Ness City for education. By
June he left the area.

In 1890, Carver started studying art and piano at Simpson College in
Indianola, lowa. His art teacher, Etta Budd, recognized Carver's talent for painting
flowers and plants; she encouraged him to study botany at Iowa State Agricultural
College in Ames. When he began there in 1891, he was the first black student.
Carver's Bachelor's thesis was Plants as Modified by Man", dated 1894. State
professors Joseph Budd and Pammel convinced Can to continue there for his
master's degree. Carver taught as the first black faculty member at Iowa State,

In 1896, Booker T. Washington, the first principal and president of the
Tuskegee Institute, invited Carver to head its Agriculture Department. Carver
taught there for 47 years, developing the department into a strong research
center and working with two additional college presidents during his tenure. He
taught methods of crop rotation, introduced several alternative cash crops for
farmers that would also improve the soil of areas heavily cultivated in cotton,
initiated research into crop products (chemurgy), and taught generations of black
students farming techniques for self-sufficiency

From 1915 to 1923, Carver concentrated on researching and experimenting
with new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, pecans, and other crops, as
well as having his assistants research and compile existing uses, This work, and
especially his speaking to a national conference of the Peanut Growers
Association in 1920 and in testimony before Congress in 1921 to support passage
of a tariff on imported peanuts, brought him wide publicity and increasing
renown. In these years, he became one of the most well-known African
Americans of his time. The most popular of his 44 practical bulletins for farmers
contained 105 food recipes using peanuts. He also developed and promoted
about 100 products made from peanuts that were useful for the house and farm,
including cosmetics, dyes, paints, plastics. gasoline, and nitroglycerin He received
numerous honors for his work, including the Spingarn Medal of the NAAC

Upon returning home one day, Carver took a bad fall down a flight of stairs;
he was found unconscious by a maid who took him to a hospital. Carver died
January 5, 1943, at the age of 78 from complications (anemia) resulting from
this fall, He was buried next to Booker T. Washington at Tuskegee University.
Due to his frugality, Carver's life savings totaled $60,000, all of which he
donated in his last years and at his death to the Carver Museum and to the
George Washington Carver Foundation

B. VOCABULARY -area of interest of study.
- growing food
1. Field (ดา้ น) -allow to enter.
2. Agriculture(การเกษตร) - earn enough money to live.
3. Admit (ยอมรบั ) -better than most
4. Support yourself(สนบั สนนุ ตวั เอง) - Trying to survive.
5. Outstanding (เฉียบ) -dirt in which plants grow.
6. Struggle (ฝ่าฟัน) - used up.
7. Soil (ดิน) -proposed something.
8. Wore out (เสอื่ มสภาพ) - give a chance.
9. Made an offer (ทาขอ้ เสนอ)
10. Provide opportunities

Activity 1. Circle the letter of the best answer

1. Carver was____________

a. Born a slave c. A slave until he went to university

b. A slave until he was 12 d. A slave all his life.

2. Carver developed many uses for ________________

a. Cotton c. Glue

b. Peanuts d. Soil

3. In the 1930's, Carver was___________

a. A poor man c. Famous in other countries

b. Rich and popular d. Recognized all over the world.

Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false.

Correct the false sentences.

1. George's parents were Moses and Susan Carver TF

________________________________________________________

2. Carver was the only black student at lowa Agricultural College. T F

________________________________________________________

3. Carver discovered more than 300 products for sweet potato. T F

________________________________________________________

4. Carver was called the Banana Man." TF

________________________________________________________

5. Carver gave all his life savings to George Washington

Carver Foundation after he died. TF

________________________________________________________

C. GRAMMAR

JOB SUFFIXES

This suffix is commonly used to indicate a person who does a job related
to the base form of the word to which -er is added, There are no rules, on what
suffix to attached on certain jobs, although a number of patterns emerge.
Unskilled or semi-skilled job-holders are often denoted with...er, whilst those in
scientific or medical professions are often designated with ...ist

But there are many exceptions.

The ...er suffix is very common, but so is ..or. The .ist ending is also quite
common, but so is ....an. We also have ...ant (accountant, shop assistant, civil
servant, flight attendant), ....man (postman, fireman, dustman, barman,
draughtsman, fisherman), ....ess (waitress, hostess, Headmistress....ee (trainee,
employee) and ...ive (representative, machine operative), etc.

It is really a matter of learning them and knowing them. Learn them in
word families, for example, teach +er =teacher and bake + er = baker.

Exercise 3: Write the correct occupation
1. Someone who drives a car is a ______________.
2. Someone who translates is a ______________.
3. Someone who acts in movies is an ______________.
4. Someone who studies the mind is a ______________.
5. Someone who studies the economy is an ______________.
6. Someone who studies rocks and their formation is a ______________.
7. Someone who plays professional football is a ______________.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
(CONSONANT CLUSTER)

A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group
of consonants which have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant blend
which are groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct
consonant sound.
DIGRAPHS these are some words that begin with common digraphs or blends.

1. bl - blab, black, blue 13. sh - shower, shade, shut
2. br brace, bracelet, broom 14. sk-skate, skinny, skydive
3. ch - chain, chair, chin 15. sl slab, slot, slow
4. cl - clad, claim, clear 16. sm - smack, smash, smog
5. cr - crab, crack, cracker 17. sn - snack, snow, sneeze
6. dr-drab, draft, drag 18. sp - spa, sponsor, spy
7. f1. flab, flush, flag 19. st - street, students, storm
8. fr - fraction, fry, frugal 20. sw swab, swim, sweater
9. gl- glad, gleam glue 21. th - thank, this, thorn
10. gr - grace groan, greet 22. tr - trace, trolley, traffic
11. pl - pray, pronoun, pry 23. tw - tweak, twitter, twin
12. sc - scale, screw, scorpion 24. wh - whale, white, why

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)
The story of George Washington Carver is a narrative. A Narrative relates a

story of events or actions. Narrative puts events in time and tells us what
happened according to a natural time sequence (อนุกรม).

In a narrative, time order words and phrases are used to show the order in
which events happen.

Example. eventually then
first (second, etc) next a few days later.
after
when one day afterward
finally soon after a while
meanwhile for the next 5 years
in 1940

1. Write a narrative essay about yourself dife story
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at
least 800 words

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Unit 4. TEA, ANYONE?

A. READING TEXT

There is a saying that the British like a
nice cup of tea in the morning and a nice cup
of tea at night. They like a nice cup of tea with
their dinner and a nice cup of tea with their
tea, and before they go to bed, there's a lot to
be said for a nice cup of tea! Sometimes it
seems that no one likes tea quite as much as
the British do.
But, in fact it is popular around the world especially in Asia. Tea is an aromatic
beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured
leaves of the Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to Asia. After water, it

Ais.thReEmAosDt wIiNdeGly cTonEsuXmTed drink in the World.

Tea originated in the Southwest of China, the popular legend says tea
was discovered by Emperor Shennong. It was used as a medical drink. It
became a popular drink throughout China during the Tang Dynasty, and tea
drinking spread to other East Asian countries. Portuguese priests and
merchants introduced it to the West during the 16th century. During the 17th
Century, drinking tea became fashionable among British people. There are
many different types of tea; some teas, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens,
have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavor, while others have vastly
different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes.

In China and Japan, tea was first used as a medicine, it wasn't until many
years later that people there drank tea as a beverage. Because tea had been
considered a scared remedy, it was always served with much ceremony. When
Chinese first started drinking tea, they didn't use teapots. Instead, they put
leaves and hot water into a small bowl with a cover. Drinkers would bring the
bowl to their lips and lift the cover very slightly with their forefingers just
enough to drink the liquid but not the leaves

In Japan, Tea drinking follows a very strict ritual that was set down in the
15th Century by the first great master, Shuko. This tea ceremony is still performed
today. Guest must wash their hands and faces and remove their shows before
entering the tearoom through a low doorway that forces them to stoop and
appear humble. As the guest kneel or sit crossed legged on mats, the host places
a spoonful of powdered green tea into a special bowl, adds boiling water and then
stirs it with a bamboo whisk. In early ceremonies guest drink in the same bowl but
later the host served it in individual bowls. The guest sips the tea slowly, they are
expected to throw back their heads and take a final sip with a loud sound to show
how good the tea is.

In the UK, the British like to be formal and dignified when they serve tea.
They served black tea in China cups with handles and matching saucers. In Britain,
tea is made in a pot, using one teaspoonful of tea leaves for each cup plus one
extra teaspoonful for the pot. Boiling water is poured into a pot, and the tea is left
for about 5 minutes before the host pours for the guest.

Many interesting tea customs have developed over the centuries. In India,
for example, you might drink tea with a lot of milk, sugar, cinnamon and
cardamom. The Burmese soak tea leaves in oil and garlic and eat this mixture with
dried fish. In Thailand, people chew tea leaves seasoned with salt and other
spices. In Iran, perfumed tea is a favorite. It is made by leaving flowers or herbs in
the tea container for several days. In Morocco, tea is prepared in bras or silver
teapot to which sugar and mint are added. Then the tea is served in small glasses
with mint leaves. If guests accept an offer of tea, they are expected to drink at
least three glasses.

Regardless of where and how tea is prepared and served, many people
consider it to be an important part of their social life. Having a cup of tea provides
reason of getting together and sharing a moment of conversation. Tea may no
longer be considered a sacred cure for all illness, but it is a remedy for both the
body and the spirit in our sometimes frantic lives.

B. VOCABULARY -liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or
1. Popular (ฮิต) by a particular person or group.

2. Aromatic (หอมหวน) -having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
3. Medical (ทางการณแ์ พทย)์
4. Merchant (พอ่ คา้ ) -relating to the science of medicine.
5. Beverage (เครอื่ งดมื่ )
6. Humble (ออ่ นนอ้ มถอ่ มตน) -a retail trader; a store owner.
7. Whisk (ปัด)
8 . Mixture (สารผสม) -a drink, especially one other than water.

9. Container (ผอก) -low estimate of one's own importance.

10. Frantic (บา้ ) -beat or stir with a light rapid movement.

-a substance made by mixing other substances
together.

-an object that can be used to hold or
transport something.

-wild or distraught with fear, anxiety, or other
emotion.

Activity 1. Circle the letter of the correct answer
1. Tea ___

a. is taken in much the same way everywhere.
b. has led to the development of many different customs.
c. was popular as a social drink before used as a remedy.
d. is popular in every country.

2. The tea ceremony in Japan_____
a. is formal and complicated.
b. is similar to the British was of serving tea.
c. was borrowed from the Chinese.
d. is practiced whenever the Japanese drink tea.

3. Regardless of the country, tea is _____
a. an important part of social life.
b. served very formally.
c. always offered to guests.
d. used as a medicine

Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false.
Correct the false sentences.

1. Tea was first used as a medicine in China and Japan. TF

_____________________________________________________

2. Drinking tea never became an important part of Chinese life. T F

______________________________________________________

3. The British drink tea only in the morning and evening. TF

______________________________________________________

4. In India, you might get cardamom in your tea. TF

______________________________________________________

5. In Morocco, a guest is expected to drink only one glass of tea. T F

_______________________________________________________

C. GRAMMAR

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that is
happening had happened will happen. They also tell us how often and how long
these actions would be.

There are two types: An adverb that describes definite frequency is one
such as weekly/every week, daily/every day, or yearly/every year, etc. An adverb
describing indefinite frequency doesn’t specify an exact time frame; examples are
always, usually, sometimes, often, etc.

1. DEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of definite frequency occur at the beginning
or the end of a sentence.
• The library is open every day.
• Every day, some employees go out for lunch.
• He visits his grandpapa every two weeks.
• The moon waxes and wanes every month .
• This medicine is to be taken hourly.
2. INDEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of indefinite frequency occur in the middle
of the sentence. Where exactly it is placed depends on the type of verbs in the
sentence.
2.1. An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with to Be).
Subject + adverb + main verb
• I always remember to do my homework
• He normally gets good marks in exams
2.2. An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be,
Subject + to be + adverb
• They are never pleased to see me.
• She isn't usually bad tempered.

2.3. When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can,
etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also
true for to be.
Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb
• He can sometimes beat me in a race
• I would hardly ever be unkind to someone
• They might never see each other again
• They could occasionally be heard laughing.
2.4. We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence
: Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally
• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food,
2.5. BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence
: Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.
2.6. We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs
• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you'.
2.7. We use ever in questions and negative statements:
• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been
Switzerland').

Exercise 1

1. Our teacher, Mrs. Jones, (never / be) late for lessons.

2. I (often /clean) my bedroom at the weekend.

3. My brother (hardly ever / help) me with my homework.

4. I (sometimes / be) bored in the math lessons.

5. We (rarely / watch) football on TV.

6.You and Tony (never / play) computer games with me.

7.You (usually / be) at the sports center on Sunday.

8. The school bus (always / arrive) at half past eight.

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

(CONSONANT CLUSTER)

A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of
consonants which have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant blend
which are groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct
consonant sound.

TRIGRAPHS: is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a
combination of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters
combined.

1. sch - schedule, scholar, school 5. spl - splashm split, splendor

2. scr - scram, scroll, screw 6. spr - sprain, spring, sprite

3. shr - shrank, shrub, shrimp 7. squ- squat, squirrel, squid

4. sph - sphere, sphinx, spherical 8. str - straight, strong, stripe

9. thr - thrash, threw, throne

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (Homework)

1. Write an essay about your culture and how it is different from other
countries.

2. Give examples of unique culture to us that can never be found anywhere else.

3. Use the adverb of frequency in your essay.

4. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at
least 800 words.

Unit 5: FOOD CUSTOMS IN IRAN

A. READING TEXT Food customs around the world are strongly

connected to culture, tradition, and geography. We can
see this in my country, Iran. It has a variable climate,

which gives us the advantage of having a large variety of
foods to eat. However, what we eat is still influenced by

our traditions and geography, as we can see in the
similarities and differences between the north and south

Iran.

Many of the food customs are similar everywhere in the country. For

example, in both northern and southern Iran, food is eaten with one's hand and

a piece of bread instead of using utensils. Rice is an important staple food in
Iran, and it is a part of almost every meal in both the north and the south.

Another similarity between the north and the south is eating fish, since both
areas are near seas: The Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the

south.
Because the north of Iran is quite different from the south, there are

several difTerences in eating habits between the two areas, northern Iran faces

Caspian Sea where we find special fish from which the famous caviar is made,

which northerners love to eat. Because of the Mediterranean climate in the
north, rice is one of the major crops, and it plays an important role at the table

on northern Iran. It is served at all ceremonies. As a tradition, northerners
conduct a rice ceremony every year by putting rice twigs in the paddy and

singing songs. In southern Iran, which faces the Persian Gulf, a variety of
seafood, especially the white fish, make up the favorite dishes. Although rice is

important ad a part of most meals, the south is better known for its vegetables
and fruits. Dates, in particular, are important and are a major export to Western

countries.
In conclusion, Iran is a large country with a diverse geography and people.

As in all large countries, a variety of customs can be found on all points of the

compass. Food customs in particular are influenced by climate and location,
making Iran a very interesting country in which to live and eat.

B. VOCABULARY

1.Climate (ภมู ปิ ระเทศ) -the prevailing trend of public opinion or of
another aspect of public life.

2. Advantage (ความไดเ้ ปรยี บ) -the opportunity to gain something; benefit or
profit.

3. Geography (ภมู ศิ าสตร)์ -is a field of science devoted to the study of the
lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the
Earth and planets.

4. Utensil (เครอื่ งมอื ) -an implement, container, or other article, especially
for household use.

5. Staple (แกน) -a main or important element of something

6. Major (สาคญั ) -important, serious, or significant.

7. Tradition (ประเพณี) -the transmission of customs or beliefs from
generation to generation, or the fact of being passed
on in this way.

8. Variety (ความหลากหลาย) -a thing which differs in some way from others of
the same general class or sort; a type.

9. Diverse (หลากหลาย) -showing a great deal of variety; very different.

10. Influence (มีอธิ ิพล) -the capacity to have an effect on the character,
development, or behavior of someone or
something, or the effect itself.

Activity 1. Write the correct answer in the blank. Use the words in the vocabulary
section.

1. Frank was a good_____to her

2. The use of drugs is a_____problem all over the world.

3. The_____of Thailand very unique.

4. Nina went to the thrift store to buy some cooking_____

5. It is part of their_____to offer food for their dead relatives every all souls day.
6. Rice is the_____food in Asia.
7. Philippines has a culturally_____population.
8. The current economic_____of the country is really good so far.
9. The companies with a computerized database are at an_____
10. The center offers a_____of leisure activities.

C. GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense is used to identify the connection between the
present and the past. The time that something happened was before or in the
past, but is not clearly stated. And pay more attention to the outcome than the
action itself
Present perfect tense ใชเ้ พอื่ ระบคุ วามเชื่อมโยงระหวา่ งปัจจบุ นั และอดตี เวลาทส่ี ง่ิ ๆนนั้ เกิดขึน้ คอื ก่อนหนา้ นี้
หรอื ในอดีตแตไ่ มไ่ ดร้ ะบไุ วอ้ ยา่ งชดั เจน และใหค้ วามสนใจกบั ผลลพั ธม์ ากกวา่ ตวั การกระทาเอง

PRESENT PERFECT is used to described:
1. What started in the past and continues to do today (สง่ิ ทีเ่ รมิ่ ตน้ ทาในอดตี และยงั คงทา
ตอ่ เนื่องมาจนถงึ ปัจจบุ นั )

- They haven't lived here for years.
- She has worked in the bank for five years.
- We have had the same car for ten years.
- Have you played the piano since you were a child?
2. When the period referred to has not yet been completed (เม่อื ชว่ งระยะเวลาที่อา้ งถงึ
ยงั ไมเ่ สรจ็ สนิ้ )

- I have worked hard this week.
- It has rained a lot this year .
- We haven't seen her today.
3. A repetitive occurrence in a specific time between the past and the present.
(สงิ่ ทเ่ี กิดขนึ้ ซา้ ๆ ในชว่ งเวลาใดเวลาหนง่ึ ที่ไมไ่ ดร้ ะบไุ วอ้ ยา่ งเจาะจงระหวา่ งอดีตและปัจจบุ ัน)

- They have seen that film six times
- It has happened several times already.
- She has visited them frequently.
- We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

4. Something that was just done a moment ago (+just) ส่ิงท่ีเพ่งิ ทา
เสรจ็ ไปเม่ือสกั ครูท่ ่ีผา่ นมา

- Have you just finished work?

- I have just eaten.

- We have just seen her.
- Has he just left?
5. Certain actions for which time are not important or clearly
identified indicators, (การกระทาบางอยา่ งท่ีเวลาไม่ใช่ตวั บง่ ชีท้ ่ีสาคญั หรอื ไม่ได้
ระบไุ วอ้ ยา่ งชดั เจน)
- Someone has eaten my soup
- Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind"?
- She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

D. WRITING ACTIVITY (Homework)
1. Compare and contrast the food in two areas or regions of your country.
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at
least 800 words.

E. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
1. Report to the class the food in your country

Unit 6: ENGLISH AROUND

THE WORLD

A. READING TEXT

Do you speak English? That question is
frequently asked in countries around the world.
Although there are almost 3,000 languages, English is
the most universal. It is the official language in over
40 countries and the most used language in
international business, science and medicine.

Even in countries where English is not the
first language, a number of English words are used.
No other language is borrowed from more often than English. For example, a
French worker looks forward to le weekend. A Romanian shopper
catches a ride on the trolleybus. A Chinese businessperson talks to on the te le fung
(telephone). Some Swedish school girls have started making plural forms of words
by adding -s, as in English, instead of the Swedish was of adding -ar, -or, or -er.

Hundreds of words borrowed from English can now be found in other
languages, words such as soda, hotel, gold, tennis, jeans, O.K., baseball and airport.
Although many words are used as they are, others are changed to make them
more like the native language and therefore easier to say and remember. Thus, a
Japanese worker gets stuck in rushawa (rush-hour) traffic. A Spanish mother tells
her child to put on her suiter (sweater), and a Ukrainian man goes to the barber for
a herkot (haircut).

English is everywhere. It is on signs, clothing, soft drinks and household
products around the world. In spite of the popularity of English words and phrases,
however, they are not always welcome. Some people think that the use of English
words is threatening the purity of their native language, in 1975, the French started
a commission to try to top and even give

fines for, the use of English words. Some countries have tried to eliminate
English as their official language in order to save their native tongue.

On the other hand, some people believe that English should be the
international language. They give a number of reasons for this, such as, the cost
of translation and misunderstandings that result from language differences.
They believe that things would run more smoothly if everyone spoke the same
language.

“What would become of our many different culture?" others argue.
"certainly the world would be a much less interesting place," they add. Indeed,
there are serious concern on the part of language experts that many languages
are disappearing. In some parts of the world, only a few people are left who can
speak the native tongue, In Ireland, for example, there are only a few small areas
where people speak Gaelic, the native Irish language. One expert says that half
of the world's languages are dying because children are no longer learning
them.

Languages have changed and disappeared throughout history. With
progress, change is inevitable Some things are worth preserving. Others are not.
The difficulty is in deciding what is worth keeping. Because people have a very
strong feeling about the importance of their native language, we probably will
not have a universal language in the near future. What is certain, however, is that
English worlds will continue to pop-up everywhere, from Taiwan to Timbuktu,
whether some people like it or not.

B. VOCABULARY -regularly or habitually; often.
1. Frequently (บ่อยๆ) -take and use (something that belongs to someone
2. Borrow (ยมื ) else) with the intention of returning it.
-in danger
3. Threatened (คุกคาม) -punishment in the form of taking money.
4. Fines (ปรับโทษ) -remove get rid of
5. Eliminate (กาจดั )

6. Concern (กงั วล) -worry
7. Dying (เฮือกสุดทา้ ย) - in decline and about to

8. Inevitable (แน่นอน) disappear.
9. Preserve (อนุรักษ)์ - impossible to stop
10. Pop up (ปรากฏ) -take care of keep
-appear

Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital
letters.You may use your dictionary.
1. UNDERSTAND

a. It is understandable that some people dislike foreign words in their
language.

b. I_____instructions because they used many words that I knew from
English.
2. SPEAK

b. English is_____in many countries around the world.

c. English can help you in business, science, and medicine.
3.THREAT

a. Some people feel that English is a_____to their own native language.

b. Others feel that English does not_____other languages but can be an
international language.

C. SPEAKINGACTIVITY

TAG QUESTIONS

Tag questions are something like negative questions. They are used when
someone thinks he or she knows an answer and wants confirmation. There are
two very commonly used types of tag questions-one made from affirmative ( + )
sentences, the other made from negative (-) sentences:

• He's from Italy, isn't he? /He isn't from Italy, is he?

• She speaks Estonian, doesn't she? /She doesn't speak Estonian, does she?

• They'd left when you arrived, hadn't they? /They hadn't left when you arrived,
had they?

TAG QUESTIONS (INTONATION)
1. Falling Intonation
When someone asks a tag question and the question tag has falling intonation,
the person who asks the questions is fairly sure that the statement before the tag
ending is correct. Because the person asking the question is not 100% sure,
however, he or she still wants confirmation.
• I have told you not to run, haven't I? (Mother telling her son after her son falls.)
•You know I hate this movie, don't you? (…And yet we are watching it.)

2. Rising Intonation

When someone asks a tag question and the tag has rising intonation, in a rising
intonation the speaker is not as confident of his/her statement and he/she is
asking the other person to find out about it,

• He didn't go to school yesterday, did he? (Did he really go to school yesterday?)
• Jack paid for the dinner, didn't he? I hope he paid for the dinner…did he?)

•You told her I wasn't going to the party, didn't you? (Did you forget to tell her?)

Exercise 1. Circle the correct intonation
1. Cebu is the capital of Thailand, isn't it?
2. Terrible weather, isn't it?
3. She speaks Russian, doesn't she?
4. He is from Surat, isn't he?
5. English is difficult, isn't it?

D. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)
1. Write an essay. Why have languages disappeared throughout history? Give
some example
2. Use the present continuous and present simple in the paragraph.
3. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least
800 words