grammar-in-use-4th-edition-by-raymond-murphy-ahmad-m-karim-_compress

Key to Exercises

18.3 20.2 22.2
Example answers: 2 I'm going to take it back to the shop. 2 won't
3 I used to be a vegetarian, but now I 3 I'm not going to accept it. 3 '11/will
4 I'm going to phone her tonight. 4 won't
eat meat sometimes. 5 I'm going to complain. 5 '11/will
4 I used to watch TV a lot, but I don’t 6 won’t
20.3
watch it much now. 2 He's going to be late. 22.3
5 I used to hate getting up early, but 3 The boat is going to sink. 2 It will Look
4 They're going to run out of petrol. 3 you’ll like/you will like
now it’s no problem. 4 You'll get/You will get
7 I didn’t use to drink coffee, but I drink 20.4 5 people will live
2 was going to buy 6 we'll meet / we will meet
it every day now. 3 were going to play 7 she’ll come / she wilt come
8 I didn't use to like hot weather, but 4 was going to phone 8 it will be
5 was going to give up
now I love it. 6 were you going to say 22.4
2 Do you think it will rain?
UNIT 19 UNIT 21 3 When do you think it will end?
4 How much do you think it will cost?
19.1 21.1 5 Do you think they'll get married? /
2 How long are you going for? 2 I'll turn / I'll switch / I'll put
3 When are you leaving? 3 I'll send ... they will get married?
4 Are you going alone? 4 I'll do 6 What time do you think you'll be
5 Are you travelling by car? 5 I'll show
6 Where are you staying? 6 I'll have back? / ... you will be back?
7 I'll stay / I’ll wait 7 What do you think will happen?
19.2 8 I'll pay / I’ll give
2 I'm working late. / I'm working till 9 I'll try 22.5
Example answers:
9 o'clock. 21.2 2 I’ll be in bed.
3 I'm going to the theatre. 2 I'll go to bed. 3 I’ll be at work.
4 I'm meetingjulia. 3 I think I'll walk. 4 I'll probably be at home.
4 I'll eat anything. 5 1don’t know where I'll be this time
19.3 5 I don't think I'll go swimming.
Example answers: next year.
2 I'm working tomorrow morning. 21.3
3 I'm not doing anything tomorrow 3 i'll meet UNIT 23
4 I’ll lend
evening. 5 I'm having 23.1
4 I'm playing football next Sunday. 6 I won't forget 2 I'll Lend
5 I'm going to a party this evening. 7 does your train leave 3 I'll get
8 won't tell 4 I’m going to wash
19.4 9 Are you doing 5 are you going to paint
3 We're having / We are having 10 Will you come 6 I'm going to buy
4 finishes 7 I'll show
5 I'm not going / 1am not going 21.4 8 I'll have
2 Shall I buy it? 9 I’ll call
... I'm staying / 1am staying 3 What shall I give/buy/get Helen (for 10 He's going to have ... he's going to do
6 Are you doing
7 We're going / We are going ... her birthday)? 23 .2
4 Where shall we go (on holiday)? 2 I'm going to take ... I’ll join
It starts 5 Shall we go by car or (shall we) walk? 3 you'll find (’you're going to find' is
8 I'm leaving / I am leaving
9 we're meeting / we are meeting / ... or (shall we go) on foot? possible)
10 does this train get 6 What time shall I come? 4 I'm not going to apply or
11 I'm going / I am going ... Are you
UNIT 22 I'm not applying
coming 5 We're going to be Late.
12 does it end 22.1 6 it's going to fall down
13 I'm not using / I am not using 7 I'll take ... I’ll pick ...
14 's coming / is coming ... 2 I'm going
3 will get Kate is going to take or
She’s travelling / She is travelling ... 4 is coming Kate is taking
arrives 5 we’re going
6 It won't hurt
UNIT 20

20.1

2 What are you going to wear?
3 Where are you going to put it?
4 Who are you going to invite?

340

Key to Exercises

UNIT 24 UN IT 26 27.4
3 couldn’t wear
24.1 26.1 4 couldn't have found
2 b is true 3 can 5 couldn't get
3 a and c are true 4 be able to 6 couldn't have been
4 b and d are true 5 been able to 7 couldn't have come/gone
5 c and d are true 6 can or will be able to
6 c is true 7 be able to UNIT 28

24.2 26.2 28.1 6 can't
2 We'll have finished Example answers: 2 must 7 must
3 we'll be playing 2 I used to be able to run fast. 3 can’t 8 must
4 I'll be working 4 must 9 can't
5 the meeting will have ended 3 I'd like to be able to play the piano. 5 must
6 he'll have spent
7 you'll still be doing 4 I've never been able to get up early. 28.2
8 she'll have travelled 3 go
9 I'll be staying 26.3 4 have taken / have stolen /
10 Will you be seeing 2 could run
have moved
UNIT 25 3 can wait 5 be
6 have been
25.1 4 couldn't eat 7 be looking
2 she goes 5 can't hear 8 have been
3 you know 6 couldn't sleep 9 have heard
4 Will you be... I get 10 be following
5 there are ... I'll call / 1will call 26.4
6 it's / it is 2 was able to finish it 28.3
7 you see ... you won't recognise / 3 It must have been very expensive.
3 were able to find it 4 They must have gone away.
you will not recognise 5 I must have left it in the restaurant
8 I'll be / 1will be ... he gets 4 was able to get away
9 you need ... It'm / I am last night.
10 I'll wait / I will w ait... 26.5 6 It can't have been easy for her.
4 couldn't 7 He must have been waiting for
you're /you are 5 managed to
6 could somebody.
25.2 7 managed to 8 She can't have understood what
2 I'll give you my address when 8 could
9 managed to I said, or She couldn’t have
I find somewhere to live, or 10 couldn't understood what I said.
... when I've found somewhere to 9 I must have forgotten to lock it.
live. UNIT 27 10 My neighbours must have been
3 I'll come straight back home after I having a party.
do the shopping, or 27.1 11 The driver can't have seen the red
... after I've done the shopping. 2 We could have fish. light, or
4 Let's go home before it gets dark. 3 You could phone (her) now. The driver couldn't have seen ...
5 I won't speak to her until she 4 You could give her a book.
apologises, or 5 We could hang it in the kitchen. UNIT 29
... until she has apologised.
27.2 29.1
25.3 3 ! could kill him! 2 She might be busy.
2 you go/you leave 4 OK (could have is also possible) 3 She might be working.
3 you decide or you've decided / 5 I could stay here all day 4 She might want to be alone.
6 it could be in the car 5 She might have been ill yesterday.
you have decided 6 She might have gone home early.
4 you're in Hong Kong /you go to (may/might are also possible) 7 She might have had to go home
7 OK
Hong Kong 8 OK (could borrow is also possible) early.
5 build the new road or 've built the 9 You could fall. 8 She might have been working

new road / have built the new road (may/might are also possible) yesterday.
9 She might not want to see me.
25.4 27.3 10 She might not be working today.
2 if 2 could have come/gone 11 She might not have been feeling
3 When 3 could apply
4 If 4 could have been well yesterday.
5 If 5 could have got/taken You can use may instead of might in all
6 when 6 could come these sentences.
7 if
8 if

341

Key to Exercises 30.5 UNIT 32
2 I might as well go
29.2 3 We might as well paint the 32.1 6 needn't
2 be 2 don't need to 7 must... mustn't
3 have been bathroom. 3 must 8 needn’t ... must
4 be waiting 4 We might as well watch it. / 4 mustn't
5 have arrived / have come 5 don't need to
... watch the film.
29.3 You can use may instead of might in all 32.2
2 a She might be watching TV. these sentences. 2 needn't come
3 needn't walk
b She might have gone out. UNIT 31 4 needn't ask
3 a it might be in the car. 5 needn't explain
31.1
b You might have left it in the 3 We had to close 32.3
restaurant. 4 She has to leave or She'll have to 2 You needn't have walked home. You

4 a He might have gone to bed early, leave / She will have to leave could have taken a taxi.
b He might not have heard the 5 do you have to be 3 You needn't have stayed at a hotel.
doorbell, 6 I have to go or I'll have to go/
c He might have been in the You could have stayed with us.
shower. I will have to go 4 She needn't have phoned me in the
7 Does he have to travel
You can use may instead of might in alt 8 do you have to go or will you have middle of the night. She could have
these sentences. waited until the morning.
to go 5 You needn't have shouted at me.
29.4 9 did you have to wait You could have been more patient.
3 might not have received it / might 10 had to do 6 You needn't have left without saying
anything. You could have said
not have got it 31.2 goodbye to me.
4 couldn't have been an accident 3 have to make
5 couldn't have tried 4 don't have to do 32.4
6 might not have been American 5 had to ask 3 You needn't worry/You don't need
6 don't have to pay or won't have to
UNIT 30 to worry / You don't have to worry
pay / will not have to pay 4 You needn't wait / You don't need to
30.1 7 didn't have to go
2 I might buy a Honda. 8 has to make wait / You don't have to wait
3 He might come on Saturday. 9 will have to drive or is going to 5 OK (You needn’t keep is also correct)
4 I might hang it in the dining room. 6 I didn't need to go / I didn't have to
5 She might go to university. have to drive
You can use may instead of might in all g°
these sentences. 31.3 7 OK
3 OK (have to is also correct)
30.2 4 He has to work. UNIT 33
2 might wake 5 I had to work late yesterday
3 might bite 33.1
4 might need evening. 2 You should look for another job.
5 might slip 6 OK (have to is also correct) 3 He shouldn't go to bed so late.
6 might break 7 She has had to wear glasses since 4 You should take a photo.
You can use may instead of might in all 5 She shouldn't use her car so much.
these sentences. she was very young. 6 He should put some pictures on the
For the present perfect (has had)
30.3 with for and since, see Units 11-12. walls.
2 might be able to meet
3 might have to work 31.4 33.2
4 might have to leave 3 don't have to 2 I don't think you should go out. /
5 might have to sell 4 mustn't
6 might be able to fix 5 don't have to I think you should stay at home.
You can use may instead of might in all 6 mustn't 3 I think you should apply for it. /
these sentences. 7 doesn't have to
8 mustn't ... for the job.
30.4 9 mustn't 4 I don't think the government should
2 I might not go out this evening. 10 don't have to
3 We might not be able to get tickets increase taxes.

for the game. 33.3
4 Sam might not be able to go out 3 should come
4 should do
with us tonight. 5 should have done
You can use may instead of 6 should have won
might in all these sentences. 7 should win
8 should be
9 should have turned

342

Key to Exercises

33.4 UNIT 35 36.4
3 We should have reserved a table.
4 The shop should be open (now). / 35.1 2 He promised he'd call. /
2 You'd better put a plaster on it.
The shop should have 3 We'd better reserve a table. ... he would call.
opened by now. or 4 You'd better not go to work (this 3 You promised you wouldn't tell her.
it should ... 4 They promised they'd wait (for us). /
5 She shouldn't be doing 50, / morning).
She shouldn't be driving so fast. / 5 I'd better pay my phone bill (soon). / ... they would wait.
She should be driving more slowly.
6 I should have written down her I'd better pay it (soon). 36.5
address. / 1should have written her 6 I'd better not disturb him. 2 wouldn't tell
address down, or 3 wouldn't speak
I should have written it down. 35.2 4 wouldn't let
7 The driver in front shouldn't have 3 'd better
stopped without warning. / ... 4 should 36.6
shouldn't have stopped so suddenly. 5 should 2 would shake
8 I should have been looking where I 6 'd better 3 would always help
was going. / 1shouldn't have been 7 should 4 would share
looking behind me. 8 should 5 would always forget

UNIT 34 35.3 UNIT 37
1 b 'd/had
34.1 37.1
2 I should stay / 1stay / 1stayed c close/shut
d hadn't 2 Can/Could I leave a message (for
a tittle Longer 2 a did
3 they should visit / they visit / they b was done her)? or
c thought Can/Could you give her a message?
visited the museum after lunch 3 Can/Could you tell me how to get to
4 we should pay / we pay / we paid 35.4 the station? or
2 It's time I had a holiday. ... the way to the station? or
the rent by Friday 3 It's time the train left. ... where the station is?
5 I should go / 1go / 1went away for 4 Can/Could 1try on these trousers?
4 It’s time I/we had a party. or
a few days Can/Could I try these (trousers) on?
5 It's time some changes were made. / 5 Can I give/offer you a lift?
34.2 It's time the company made some
1 b OK changes. 37.2
3 Do you think you could check these
c OK 6 it’s time he tried something else,
d wrong forms (for me)? / ... check them
2 a OK UNIT 36 (for me)?
b wrong 4 Do you mind if I leave work early?
c OK 36.1 5 Do you think you could turn the
Example answers: music down? / ... turn it down?
34.3 2 I wouldn't like to be a teacher. 6 is it OK if I close the window?
2 should say 3 I'd love to learn to fly a plane. 7 Do you think I could have a look at
3 should worry your paper? /... at your newspaper?
4 should leave 4 It would be nice to have a big garden.
5 should ask 37.3
6 should listen 5 I'd like to go to Mexico.
2 Can/Could/Would you show me?
34.4 36.2
2 If it should rain 2 'd enjoy / would enjoy or Do you think you could show
3 If there should be any problems 3 'd have enjoyed / would have me? or ... do it for me?
4 If anyone should ask 3 Would you like to sit down?
5 Should there be any problems enjoyed or Would you like a seat?
6 Should anyone ask (where I’m going) or Can I offer you a seat?
4 would you do 4 Can/Could/Would you slow down?
34.5 or Do you think you could ... ?
2 I should keep 5 'd have stopped / would have 5 Can/Could/May I/we have the
3 I should phone stopped bill, please? or Do you think I/we
4 I should get could have ... ?
6 would have been 6 Would you like to borrow it?
7 ‘d be / would be
8 'd have passed / would have passed UNIT 38 5b
9 would have 6a
38.1 7b
36.3
2e 2b
3b
3a
4f 4b

5a
6d

343

Key to Exercises 39.3 40.3
2 I wish I had a computer. 2 I wish I'd applied / 1wish i had
38.2 3 I wish Helen were/was here.
2 bought 4 I wish it weren't/wasn’t (so) cold. applied for it. or ... for the job.
3 asked 5 I wish I didn't Live in a big city. 3 I wish I'd learned / 1wish I had
4 would lose 6 I wish I could go to the party.
S 'd be / would be 7 I wish I didn't have to get up early Learned to play a musical
6 were ... stopped instrument (when I was younger), or
7 gave ...'d have / would have tomorrow. I wish I could play ... / 1wish I was
8 I wish I knew something about cars. able to play
38.3 9 I wish I were feeling / was feeling 4 I wish I hadn't painted it red.
2 If he did his driving test now, he'd or ... the gate red.
better. 5 I wish I'd brought / 1wish I had
fail (it) / ... he would fail (it). brought my camera, or
3 if we stayed at a hotel, it would cost 39.4 I wish I had my camera (with me)
Example answers: 6 I wish they'd phoned / 1wish they
too much. 1 I wish I was at home. had phoned me first (to say they
4 If she left her job, she wouldn't get 2 I wish I had a big garden. were coming), or
3 I wish I could tell jokes. I wish I’d known / I wish I had known
another one. 4 I wish I was taller. they were coming.
5 if we invited Ben (to the party), we'd
UNIT 40 UNIT 41
have to invite his friends too. /
... we would have to ... 40.1 41.1 5 hope
6 If I told him what happened, he 2 If he’d missed / he had missed 2 hope 6 wish ... hope
wouldn't believe me. 3 wish
(the train), he’d have missed / he 4 wished
38.4 would have missed (his flight too).
Example answers: 3 I'd have forgotten / 1would have 41.2
2 I’d be very angry if somebody broke forgotten (if) you hadn't reminded 2 I wish jane/she would come.
4 I'd had / 1had had (your address),
into my house. I'd have sent / 1would have sent or ... would hurry up.
3 If you bought a car, it would cost (you an email) 3 I wish somebody would give me a
5 we'd have enjoyed / we would have
you a Lot to maintain it. enjoyed (it more if the weather) job.
4 I'd be surprised if the economic had been (better) 4 I wish the/that baby would stop
6 It would have been (quicker if) I'd
situation improved. walked / I had walked crying.
5 Would you mind if I didn't go out 7 I were / 1was 5 I wish you would buy some new
8 I'd been / I had been
with you tonight? clothes, or I wish you
40.2 would get some new clothes.
UNIT 39 2 If the road hadn't been icy, the 6 I wish you wouldn't drive so fast.
7 I wish you wouldn't leave the door
39.1 accident wouldn’t have happened. open (all the time).
3 I’d help / I would help 3 If I'd known / If I had known that 8 I wish people wouldn't drop litter in
4 we lived the street.
5 we'd live / we would live Joe had to get up early, I'd have
6 It would taste woken / 1would have woken him up. 41.3
7 were/was 4 If I hadn't lost my phone (or If I'd
8 I wouldn’t wait .. I’d go / 1would go had my phone), I'd have called you / 2 OK
9 you didn't go I would have called you / 1would
10 there weren't ... there wouldn't be have been able to call you / 1could 3 I wish I had more free time.
have called you 4 I wish our flat was/were a bit bigger.
39.2 5 If Karen hadn't been wearing a seat 5 OK
2 I'd buy it / 1would buy it if it belt, she'd have been injured / she 6 OK
would have been injured (in the 7 I wish everything wasn't/weren't so
weren’t/wasn’t so expensive. crash), or ... she might/could have
3 We’d go out / We would go out been injured expensive.
6 If you'd had / If you had had
more often if we could afford it. breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry 41.4
4 If I didn't have to work late, I could now. 3 I knew
7 If I’d had / If I had had enough 4 I'd taken / 1had taken
meet you tomorrow, or money, I’d have got / 1would have 5 I could come
... i'd meet / I would m eet... got a taxi. 6 I wasn't / 1weren't
or ... I'd be able to m eet... 7 they'd hurry up /they would
5 We could have Lunch outside if it
weren't raining /wasn't raining. hurry up
6 If I wanted his advice, I'd ask for it / 8 we didn't have
I would ask for it. 9 we could have stayed
10 it wasn't / it weren't
344 11 he'd decide / he would decide
12 we hadn't gone

UNIT 42 43.3 Key to Exercises
2 The computer is being used at the
42.1 44.4
2 is made moment. 2 got stung
3 was damaged 3 get used
4 were invited 3 I didn't realise that our conversation 4 got stolen
5 are shown 5 get paid
6 are held was being recorded. 6 got stopped
7 was written ... was translated 4 ... we found that the game had been 7 get damaged
8 were overtaken 8 get asked
9 is surrounded cancelled.
5 A new ring road is being built round UNIT 45
42.2
2 When was television invented? the city. 45.1
3 How are mountains formed? 6 A new hospital has been built near 2 The weather is expected to be good
4 When were antibiotics discovered?
5 What is silver used for? the airport. tomorrow.
3 The thieves are believed to have got
42.3 43.4
3 covers in through a window in the roof.
4 is covered 3 It's been stolen! / It has been stolen! 4 Many people are reported to be
5 are locked
6 was sent ... arrived 4 Somebody has taken it. or homeless after the floods.
7 sank ... was rescued ... taken my umbrella. 5 The prisoner is thought to have
8 died ... were brought up
9 grew up 5 He's been promoted. / He has been escaped by climbing over a wall.
10 was stolen promoted. 6 The man is alleged to have been
11 disappeared
12 did Sue resign 6 It's being redecorated. / It is being driving at 110 miles an hour.
13 was Ben fired redecorated. 7 The building is reported to have
14 is owned
15 called ... was injured . . 7 It's working again. / It is working been badly damaged by the fire.
again. 8 a The company is said to be losing a
wasn't needed It's been repaired. / It has been
16 were these pictures taken ... repaired. lot of money.
b The company is believed to have
Did you take 8 The furniture had been moved.
17 'm not bothered / am not bothered 9 He hasn't been seen since then. lost a lot of money last year,
10 I haven't seen her for ages. c The company is expected to make
42.4 11 Have you ever been mugged?
2 All flights were cancelled because of a loss this year.
UNIT 44
fog. 45.2
3 This road isn't used much. 44.1 2 He is supposed to know a lot of
4 I was accused of stealing money. 2 I was asked some difficult questions
5 How are languages learned/learnt? famous people.
6 We were warned not to go out at the interview. 3 He is supposed to be very rich.
4 He is supposed to have twelve
alone. 3 Amy was given a present by her
children.
UNIT 43 colleagues when she retired. 5 He is supposed to have been an
4 I wasn't told about the meeting.
43.1 5 How much will you be paid foryour actor when he was younger.
2 it can't be broken
3 it can be eaten work? 45.3
4 it can't be used 6 I think Tom should have been 2 You’re /You are supposed to be my
5 it can't be seen
6 it can be carried offered the job. friend.
7 Have you been shown what to do? 3 I’m /I am supposed to be on a diet.
43 .2 4 It was supposed to be a joke.
3 be made 44.2 5 Or maybe it’s /it is supposed to
4 be spent 2 being invited
5 have been repaired be a flower.
6 be carried 3 being given 6 You're / You are supposed to be
7 be woken up
8 have been arrested 4 being knocked down working.
9 have been caused 5 being treated
6 being stuck 45.4
2 're / are supposed to start
44.3 3 was supposed to phone
2-6 4 aren't / ’re not / are not supposed
• Ludwig van Beethoven was born in
to block
1770. 5 was supposed to depart
• Galileo was born in 1564.
• Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869. UNIT 46
• Michaeljackson was born in 1958.
46,1
Martin Luther King was born in 1929. 1b
• Elvis Presley was born in 1935. 2a
• William Shakespeare was born in 3a
4b
1564.
• Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452. 345
7 I was born in ...

Key to Exercises 47.2 49.2
Example answers: 3 Who paid it? /Who paid the bill?
46.2 2 she wasn't coming / she was going 4 What happened?
2 Sarah has her car serviced once a 5 What did she/Diane say?
somewhere else / she couldn’t come 6 Who does it / this book belong to?
year. 3 they didn't like each other / 7 Who Lives in that house? / Who lives
3 It cost twelve pounds to have my
they didn't get on with each other / there?
suit cleaned. they couldn't stand each other 8 What did you fall over?
4 The last time I had my eyes tested 4 he didn't know anyone 9 What fell off the shelf?
5 she would be away / she was going 10 What does it / this word mean?
was two years ago. away 11 Who did you borrow it from? /
5 We’ve had some new cupboards 6 you were staying at home
7 he couldn't speak / he didn't speak ... borrow the money from?
fitted in the kitchen. any other Languages 12 What are you worried about?
6 We need to get this document 8 he'd seen you / he saw you last
weekend 49.3
translated as soon as possible. 2 How is cheese made?
UNIT 48 3 When was the computer invented?
46.3 4 Why isn't Sue working today?
2 I had it cut. 48.1 5 What time are your friends coming?
3 We had them cleaned. 2 But you said you didn't like fish. 6 Why was the trip cancelled?
4 He had it built. 3 But you said you couldn’t drive. 7 Where was your mother bom?
5 I had them delivered. 4 But you said she had a very well- 8 Why didn't you come to the party?
9 How did the accident happen?
46.4 paid job. 10 Why doesn’t this machine work?
2 have another key made 5 But you said you didn't have any
3 you had your hair cut 49.4
4 Do you have a newspaper delivered brothers or sisters. 2 Don't you like him?
5 we're having / we are having 6 But you said you'd /you had never 3 Isn't it good?
4 Haven't you got any? or
a garage built been to the United States.
6 Have you had the washing machine 7 But you said you were working Don't you have any?

fixed / Did you have the washing tomorrow evening. UNIT 50
machine fixed 8 But you said she was a friend of
7 have your ears pierced
9 She had her credit cards stolen. yours.
10 We all had our bags searched.
48.2 7 tell 50.1 6c
UNIT 47 2 Tell 8 tell 2c 7b
3 Say 9 told 3a 8a
47.1 4 said 10 said 4b
2 He said (that) his father wasn't very 5 told 5b
6 said
well.
3 He said (that) Rachel and Mark were 48.3 50.2
2 her to slow down 2 How far is it to the airport?
getting married next month. 3 her not to worry 3 I wonder how old Tom is.
4 He said (that) his sister had had a 4 asked Tom to give me a hand 4 When is Lisa going on holiday?
5 Could you tell me where the post
baby. or ...to help me
5 He said (that) he didn’t know what 5 asked me to open my bag office is?
6 asked him to get (me) a paper 6 I don't know whether anyone was
Joe was doing. 7 told him to mind his own business
6 He said (that) he'd seen / he had 8 asked her to marry him injured in the accident.
9 told her not to wait (for me) if I was 7 Do you know what time you will
seen Helen at a party in June and
she'd seemed / she had seemed late arrive tomorrow?
fine, or He said (that) he saw
Helen ... and she seemed ... UNIT 49 50.3
7 He said (that) he hadn't seen Amy 2 He asked me where I'd been. /
recently. 49.1
8 He said (that) he wasn't enjoying his 2 Were you born there? ... where I had been.
job very much. 3 Are you married? 3 He asked me how Long I'd been back. /
9 He said (that) I could come and stay 4 How long have you been married?
at his place if I was ever in London. 5 Have you got (any) chiLdren? ... how long i had been back.
10 He said (that) his car had been 4 He asked me what I was doing now.
stolen a few days ago. or Do you have (any) children? 5 He asked me why I'd come back. /
or ... his car was stolen a few days 6 How old are they?
ago. 7 What do you do? ... why I had come back, or
11 He said (that) he wanted to go on 8 What does your wife do? ... why I came back.
holiday, but (he) couldn't afford it. 6 He asked mewhere I was Living.
12 He said (that) he'd tell / he would 7 He asked me if/whether I was glad
tell Chris he'd seen / he had seen to be back.
me. or ...he saw me. 8 He asked me if/whether I had any
plans to go away again.
346 9 He asked me if/whether I could
help him find a job.

Key to Exercises

UNIT 51 52.2 UNIT 54
2 It's (very) expensive, isn't it?
51.1 3 The course was great, wasn't it? 54.1
4 You've had your hair cut, haven't 2 to help him
2 doesn't 3 to carry her bag (for her)
you? or 4 to meet at 8 o'clock
3 was You had your hair cut, didn't you? 5 to tell him her name / to give him
5 She has a good voice, hasn't she? or
4 will She's got / She has got a good MhpCIr mIIClm111p1
voice, hasn't she? or She has a 6 not to tell anyone
5 am ... isn't or 'm not ...is or good voice, doesn't she?
6 It doesn't look very good, does it? 54.2
r^n i l l iL.ai i ... v_ai 7 This bridge isn't very safe, is it? or 2 to get
nuir nrLai i ... Lai ... doesn't look very safe, does it? 3 to live
wi 4 (how) to use
52.3 5 to tell
am ... can't or can't... is 2 Joe, you couldn't give me a hand 6 say or to say

6 should (with this table), could you? 5f*4i .3
3 Kate, you don't know where Sarah 2 to look
7 won’t 3—I walikt*ing
is, do you? or ... you haven't seen 4 waiting
8 do Sarah, have you? 5 to finish
4 Helen, you haven't got a bicycle 6 barking
9 didn't pump, have you? or ...you don't 7 to call
have a bicycle pump, do you? 8 having
10 would ... could ... can't 5 Ann, you couldn't take me to the 9 missing
station, could you? or 10 to be
51.2 ... you couldn't give me a lift to the
3 Do you? 1don't. station, could you? 54.4
4 Didn't you? 1did. 6 Robert, you haven't seen my keys, 2 Tom appears to be worried about
5 Haven't you? 1have. have you?
6 Did you? 1didn't. something.
UNIT 53 3 You seem to know a lot of people.
51.3 4 My English seems to be getting
Example answers: 53.1
3 So did 1. or 2 playing tennis better.
3 driving too fast 5 That car appears to have broken
Did you? What did you watch? 4 going swimming
4 Neither will 1. or 5 breaking the DVD player down.
6 waiting a few minutes 6 David tends to forget things.
Won't you? Where will you be? 7 They claim to have solved the
5 So do 1. or 53.2
2 making problem.
Do you? What sort of books do you 3 listening
like? 4 applying 54.5
6 So would 1. or 5 reading 2 what to do
Would you? Where would you like 6 living 3 how to ride
to live? 7 using 4 whether to go
7 Neither can 1. or 8 forgetting 5 where to put
Can't you? Why not? 9 paying 6 how to use
10 being
51.4 11 trying UNIT 55
2 I hope so. 12 losing
3 I expect so. 55.1
4 I don't think so. 53.3 2 or do you want me to lend you some
5 I'm afraid not. 2 travelling 3 or would you like me to shut it
6 I'm afraid so. 3 painting the kitchen 4 or would you like me to show you
7 I suppose so. 4 turning the music down 5 or do you want me to repeat it
8 I hope not. 5 not interrupting 6 or do you want me to wait
9 I think so.
53.4 55.2
UN IT 52 Example answers: 2 to stay with them
2 going out 3 her to call joe.
52.1 3 sitting on the floor 4 him to be careful
3 don'tyou 4 having a picnic 5 her to give him a hand
4 were you 5 laughing
5 does she 6 breaking down 347
6 isn't he
7 hasn't she
8 can't you
9 will they
10 aren't there
11 shall we
12 is it
13 aren't!
14 would you
15 hasn't she
16 should 1
17 had he
18 will you

Key to Exercises

55.3 UNIT 57 58.4
2 I didn’t expect it to rain. 2 I would like / I'd like to have seen
3 Let him do what he wants. 57.1
4 Tim's glasses make him look older. the programme.
5 I want you to know the truth. 2 Try turning it the other way. 3 ! would hate / I'd hate to have lost
6 Sarah persuaded me to apply for the
3 Have you tried restarting it? my watch.
job. 4 I would love / I'd love to have met
7 My lawyer advised me not to say 4 You could try rphoningo his office.
j your parents.
anything to the police. 5 I wouldn't like to have been alone.
8 I was warned not to believe 5 Have you tried taking an aspirin? 6 I would prefer / I'd prefer to have

everything he says. 57.2 travelled by train.
9 Having a car enables you to get 2 It needs painting.
3 It needs cutting. UNIT 59
around more easily. 4 They need tightening.
5 It needs emptying. 59.1
55.4 Example answers:
2 to go 57.3 2 I prefer basketball to football.
3 to do 1 b knocking 3 I prefer going to the cinema to
4 cry
5 to study c to put watching DVDs at home.
6 booking or you to book d asking 3 I prefer being very busy to having
7 borrow e to reach
8 to work f to concentrate nothing to do.
9 think 2 a to go 5 I prefer to go to the cinema rather
b looking
UNIT 56 c cleaning than watch DVDs at home.
d cutting 6 I prefer to be very busy rather than
56.1 9 causing e You don’t need to iron ...
2 driving 10 to do have nothing to do.
3 to go 11 being It doesn't need ironing
4 raining 12 to climb 3 a overhearing 59.2
5 to win 13 to tell 3 prefer
6 asking 14 talking... to see b get or to get 4 eat/stay
7 asking c smiling 5 I'd rather (wait) / I'd prefer to (wait)
8 to answer d make or to make 6 to go
7 I'd rather (think) /
56.2 UNIT 58
2 He remembers going to Paris with I'd prefer to (think)
58.1 8 I'd prefer to stand.
his parents when he was eight. Example answers: 9 go
3 He doesn't remember crying on his 2 I don’t mind playing cards. 11 I'd prefer to go for a swim rather
3 I don’t like being alone, or
first day at school. than play tennis.
4 He can remember falling into the ... to be alone. 12 I'd rather eat at home than go to a
4 I enjoy going to museums.
river. 5 I love cooking, or I love to cook. restaurant.
5 He can't remember saying he 13 I'd prefer to think about it for a while
58.2
wanted to be a doctor, or 2 She likes teaching biology. rather than decide now.
He can't remember wanting to be 3 He likes taking pictures. 14 I'd rather listen to some music than
a doctor.
6 He doesn't remember being bitten or He likes to take pictures. watch TV.
by a dog. 4 I didn't like working there.
5 She likes studying medicine. 59.3
56.3 6 He doesn't like being famous. 2 (would you rather) I told her
1 b lending 7 She doesn't like taking risks. 3 would you rather I did it
4 would you rather I phoned her
c to phone / to call or She doesn't like to take risks.
d to say 8 I like to know things in advance. 59.4
e leaving/putting 2 stayed/remained/waited
2 a saying 58.3 3 stay
b to say 2 to sit 4 didn't
c wearing / having / taking / 3 waiting 5 were
4 going or to go 6 didn't
putting on 5 to get
3 a to become 6 being
7 to come / to go
b working 8 living
c reading/looking at 9 to talk
4 a losing or to lose 10 to have /to know / to get /to hear /
b to get / to feel
c crying or to cry to be told

348

Key to Exercises

UNIT 60 61.3 63.2
2 They soon got used to her. / 2 asking David
60.1 3 in going out
2 applying for the job ... to the/their new teacher. 4 phoning her/Lisa
3 remembering names 3 She had to get used to living in a 5 complaining (about what happened)
4 winning the lottery 6 keeping
5 being late much smaller house.
6 eating at home, we went to a 4 (example answers) They'll have to get 63.3
2 remembering people's names
restaurant used to the weather. / ... to the food. 3 getting a job
7 having to queue or queuing /... to speaking a foreign language. 4 getting a ticket for the game
8 playing very well 5 understanding him
61.4
60.2 2 drink 63.4
2 by standing on a chair 3 eating 2 reading
3 by turning a key 4 having 3 packing / getting ready
4 by borrowing too much money 5 have 4 watching
5 by driving too Fast 6 go
6 by putting some pictures on the 7 be I5 going/climbing/walking
8 being 6 getting/being
walls 9 live ... living
63.5
60.3 UNIT 62 2 went swimming
2 paying/settling 3 go skiing
3 going 62.1 4 goes riding
4 using 2 doing 5 gone shopping
5 going 3 coming/going
6 being/travelling/sitting 4 spending/having UNIT 64
7 asking/telling/consulting 5 buying/having
8 doing/having 6 seeing 64.1
9 turning/going 7 watching 2 I opened the box to see what was
10 taking 8 solving
9 buying/having in it.
60.4 3 I’m saving money to go to Canada.
2 I'm looking forward to seeing her. / 62.2 4 I need a knife to chop these onions.
2 of causing 5 I'm wearing two sweaters to keep
... seeing Kate. 3 from walking (or stop people
3 I'm not Looking forward to going to warm.
walking) 6 I phoned the police to report the
the dentist (tomorrow). 4 for interrupting
4 She's looking forward to Leaving 5 of using accident.
6 of doing
school (next summer). 7 from escaping (or prevent the 64.2
5 I'm looking forward to playing tennis 2 to read
prisoner escaping) 3 to walk/to go on foot
(tomorrow). 8 on telling 4 to drink
9 to eating 5 to put / to carry
UNIT 61 10 for being 6 to discuss/to consider/
11 for inviting
61.1 12 of (not) wearing to talk about
1 When Jack started working in this 7 to go / to travel
62.3 8 to talk / to speak
job, he wasn't used to driving two 2 on taking Ann to the station 9 to wear / to put on
hours to work every morning, but 3 on getting married 10 to celebrate
after some time he got used to it. 4 Sue for coming to see her 11 to help / to assist
Now it's no problem for him. He's 5 (to me) for not phoning earlier
used to driving two hours every 6 me of being selfish 64.3
morning. / He is used to driving ... 2 for
2 She wasn’t used to working nights UNIT 63 3 to
and it took her a few months to get 4 to
used to it. Now, after a year, it's 63.1 5 for
OK for her. She's used to working 2 There's no point in working if you 6 to
nights. / She is used to working ... 7 for
don't need money. 8 for... to
61.2 3 There's no point in trying to study if
2 No, I’m used to sleeping on the floor.
3 I’m used to working long hours. you feel tired.
4 Yes, I'm not used to going to bed so 4 There's no point in hurrying if you’ve

late. got plenty of time.

349

Key to Exercises

64.4 UNIT 66 UNIT 68
2 so that I wouldn't be cold.
3 so that he could contact me. / 66.1 68.1
3 I'm afraid of losing it. 2 Amy was sitting in an armchair
... would be able to contact me. 4 I was afraid to tell her.
4 so that nobody else would hear our 5 We were afraid of missing our train. reading a book.
6 We were afraid to took.
conversation. / so that nobody else 7 I was afraid of dropping it. 3 Sue opened the door carefully trying
could h e a r w o u l d be able to 8 a I was afraid to eat it.
hear... not to make a noise.
5 so that we can start the meeting b I was afraid of getting sick. 4 Sarah went out saying she would be
on time. / so that we'll be able to
start ... 66.2 back in an hour.
6 so that we wouldn't forget anything. 2 in starting 5 Lisa was in London for two years
7 so that the car behind me could 3 to read
overtake. / ... would be able to 4 in getting working in a bookshop.
overtake. 5 to know 6 Anna walked around the town
6 in looking
UNIT 65 looking at the sights and taking
66.3 pictures.
65.1 2 sorry to hear
2 This machine is easy to use. 3 sorry for saying / 68.2
3 The window was very difficult to 2 I fell asleep watching TV.
sorry about saying / sorry I said
open. 4 sorry to disturb 3 A friend of mine slipped and fell
4 Some words are impossible to 5 sorry for losing / sorry about losing /
getting off a bus.
translate. sorry I lost 4 I got very wet walking home in the
5 A car is expensive to maintain.
6 That chair isn't safe to stand on. 66.4 rain.
1 b to leave 5 Laura had an accident driving to
65.2
2 It’s an easy mistake to make. c from leaving work yesterday.
3 It’s a nice place to live, or 2 a to solve 6 Two people were overcome by

... a nice place to live in. b in solving smoke trying to put out the fire.
4 It was a good game to watch. 3 a of/about going
68.3
65.3 b to go 2 Having bought our tickets, we went
2 It's careless of you to make the same c to go
d to going into the theatre.
mistake again and again. 4 a to buy
3 It was nice of them to invite me (to b on buying 3 Having had Lunch, they continued
c to buy
stay with them). / It was nice of Dan d of buying their journey.
and Jenny to ... 4 Having done the shopping, I went for
4 It's inconsiderate of them to make UNIT 67
so much noise. / It's inconsiderate of a cup of coffee.
the neighbours to ... 67.1
2 arrive 68.4
65.4 3 take it / do it 2 Thinking they might be hungry,...
2 I'm / 1am glad to hear or 4 it ring
5 him play or him playing 3 Being a vegetarian,...
I was glad to hear 6 you lock it/you do it
3 We were surprised to see 7 her fall 4 Not knowing his email address,...
4 Pleased to meet 5 Having travelled a lot,...
67.2 6 Not being able to speak the local
65.5 2 We saw David and Helen playing
2 Paul was the Last (person) to arrive. language,...
3 Emily was the only student to pass tennis. 7 Having spent nearly all our money,...
3 We saw Clare eating in a restaurant. /
(the exam). / ... the only one to pass UNIT 69
(the exam). ... having a meal in a restaurant.
4 I was the second customer/person 4 We heard Bill playing his guitar. 69.1
to complain (about the service). 5 We could smell the dinner burning.
5 Neil Armstrong was the first 6 We saw Linda jogging/running. 3 We went to a very nice restaurant ...
person/man to walk on the moon.
67.3 8 explode 4 OK
65.6 3 tell 9 crawling 5 I use a toothbrush ...
2 're/are bound to be 4 crying 10 slam 6 ... if there's a bank near here?
3 's/is sure to forget 5 riding 11 sleeping 7 ... for an insurance company
4 's/is not likely to rain or 6 say 8 OK
7 run ... climb 9 OK
isn't likely to rain 10 ... we stayed in a big hotel.
5 's/is likely to be 11 ... I hope we come to a petrol

station soon.
12 ... I have a problem.
13 ... It’s a very interesting idea.
14 John has an interview for a job

tomorrow.
15 ... it's a good game.

16 OK

17 jane was wearing a beautiful
necklace.

350

69.2 70.3 Key to Exercises
3 a key 2 I’d like some information about
4 a coat UNIT 72
5 sugar places to see in the town.
6 a biscuit 3 Can you give me (some) advice 72.1
7 electricity 1 ... and a magazine. The newspaper
8 an interview about which courses to do? / ...
9 blood courses I can do? is in my bag, but I can't remember
10 a question 4 What time is the news (on)? where I put the magazine.
11 a moment 5 It's a beautiful view, isn't it? 2 I saw an accident this morning. A
12 a decision 6 What horrible/awful weather! car crashed into a tree. The driver
of the car wasn't hurt, but the car
69.3 UNIT 71 was badly damaged.
2 days 3 ... a blue one and a grey one. The
3 meat 71.1 blue one belongs to my neighbours;
4 a queue 3 It's a vegetable. I don't know who the owner of the
5 jokes 4 It's a game. / It's a board game. grey one is.
6 friends 5 They're birds. 4 My friends live in an old house in a
7 people 6 It's a (tall/high) building. small village. There is a beautiful
8 air 7 They're planets. garden behind the house. I would
9 patience 8 It's a flower. like to have a garden like that.
10 an umbrella 9 They're rivers.
11 languages 10 They're musical instruments. 72.2
12 space 12 He was a writer / a poet / a 1 aa

UNIT 70 playwright / a dramatist. b the
13 He was a scientist / a physicist. c the
70.1 14 They were US presidents / 2 aa
2 a a paper ba
American presidents / presidents of c the
b paper the USA. 3 aa
3 a Light 15 She was an actress / a film actress / b the
a film star / a movie star. c the
b a light 16 They were singers. 4 a an ... The
4 a time 17 They were painters / artists. b the
c the
b a wonderful time 71.2 5 a the
5 a nice room 2 He's a waiter. ba
6 advice 3 She's a journalist. ca
7 nice weather 4 He's a surgeon.
8 bad luck 5 He's a chef. 72.3
9 job 6 He's a plumber. 2 the dentist
10 journey 7 She's a tour guide. 3 the door
11 total chaos 8 She's an interpreter. 4 a mistake
12 some bread 5 the bus station
13 doesn't 71.3 6 a problem
14 Your hair is ... it 4r a□ 7 the post office
15 The damage 8 the floor
5 an 9 the book
70.2 6 - (You're always asking questions!) 10 a job in a bank
2 information 7a 11 a small apartment in the city centre
3 chairs 8 Some 12 a supermarket at the end of the
4 furniture 9 - (Do you like staying in hotels?)
5 hair 10 - (I've got sore feet.) street
6 progress 11 a
7 job 12 some 72.4
8 work 13 a ... a Example answers:
9 permission 14 - (Those are nice shoes.) 2 About once a month.
10 advice 15 some 3 Once or twice a year,
11 experience 16 You need a visa to visit some 4 SO kilometres an hour.
12 experiences 5 About seven hours a night.
countries 6 Two or three times a week.
17 Jane is a teacher. Her parents were 7 About two hours a day.
8 About £20 a day.
teachers too.
18 He's a liar. He's always telling lies.

351

Key to Exercises

UNIT 73 74.3 UNIT 76
1 c OK
73.1 76.1
2 a nice holiday ... the best holiday d the university 1 b the cheetah
3 the nearest shop ... the end of this 2 a OK
c the kangaroo (and the rabbit)
street b the hospital ... the hospital 2 a the swan
4 a lovely day ... a cloud in the sky
5 to the internet... the same problem c OK b the penguin
6 the most expensive hotel ... a 3 a OK c the owl
3 a the wheel
cheaper hotel b OK b the laser
7 to travel in space ... go to the moon c the church c the telescope
8 a star... a planet... the largest 4 a OK 4 a the rupee
b the prison b the (Canadian) dollar
planet in the solar system c OK c the ...

73.2 74.4 6 go to bed 76.2
2 watching TV 2 in bed 7 The bed 2a
3 the radio 3 after work 8 at sea 3 the
4 The television 4 in the sea 9 work 4a
5 had dinner 5 like home 5 the
6 the same time
7 the capital UNIT 75 6 the
8 for breakfast
9 the ground ... the sky 75.1 7a
Example answers: 8 The
73.3 2-5
2 the same thing • I like cats. 76.3
3 Room 25 is on the second floor. • I don't like zoos. 2 the injured
4 The moon goes round the earth • I don't mind snow. 3 the unemployed
4 the sick
every 27 days, or • I'm not interested in boxing. 5 the rich ... the poor
... goes round Earth ...
5 a very hot day ... the hottest day of 75.2 76.4
the year 3 spiders 2 a German Germans
6 We had lunch in a nice restaurant 4 meat 3 a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
by the sea. 5 the questions
7 at the cinema 6 the people the French
8 eat a good breakfast 7 History 4 a Russian Russians
9 on the wrong platform 8 lies 5 a Chinese the Chinese
10 The next train ... from Platform 3 9 The hotels 6 a Brazilian Brazilians
11 You'll find the information you 10 The water 7 an Englishman/Englishwoman
need at the top of page 15. 11 the grass
12 patience the English
73.4 5 breakfast 8 ...
2 the sea 6 the gate 75.3
3 question 8 7 Gate 21 2 Apples UNIT 77
4 the cinema 3 the apples
4 Women ... men 77.1
UNIT 74 5 tea 2 the
6 The vegetables 3 the ... the
74.1 7 Life 4 - (President Kennedy was
2 to school 8 holidays (= ‘holidays by the
3 at home assassinated in 1963.)
4 to work general) 5 the
5 in hospital 9 education 6 - (I'm looking for Professor Brown.)
6 at university 10 the people
7 in bed 11 people ... aggression 77.2
8 to prison 12 All the books 3 OK
13 the rooms 4 the United States
74.2 14 war 5 The south of England ... the north
2 school 15 The First World War 6 OK
3 the school 16 films 7 the Channel
4 School 17 the history of modern art 8 the Middle East
5 ... get to and from school 18 the marriage 9 OK
19 Most people ... marriage ... 10 the Swiss Alps
... The school isn't very far. 11 The UK
6 school family life ... society 12 The Seychelles ... the Indian Ocean
13 OK
14 The river Volga ... the Caspian Sea

352

77.3 79.2 5 physics Key to Exercises
2 (in) South America 2 politics 6 gymnastics
3 the Nile 3 economics 7 electronics 80.3
4 Sweden 4 athletics 2 twenty-pound
5 the United States 3 ten-pound
6 the Rockies 79.3 4 15-minute
7 the Mediterranean 2 don't 5 60 minutes
8 Australia 3 want 6 two-hour
9 the Pacific 4 was 7 twelve-storey
10 the Indian Ocean 5 aren't 8 five days
11 the Thames 6 are 9 Five-star
12 the Danube 7 wasn't 10 six years old
13 Thailand 8 does or do 11 500-year-old
14 the Panama Canal 9 they are 12 twelve-hour ... 24-hour
15 the Amazon 10 Do
11 is or are UNIT 81
UNIT 78 12 enjoy
81.1
78.1 /S.4 3 your friend's umbrella
2 Turner's in Carter Road 3 wearing black jeans. 4 OK
3 the Crown (Hotel) in Park Road 4 OK 5 Charles’s daughter
4 St Peter’s in Market Street 5 ... very nice people. 6 Helen and Dan's son
5 the City Museum in George Street 6 Ten pounds isn’t ... 7 OK
6 Blackstone's (Books) in Forest Avenue 7 ... buy some new pyjamas, or 8 last Monday's newspaper
7 Mario's (Pizza) in George Street 9 OK
8 Victoria Park at the end of Market ... buy a new pair of pyjamas. 10 OK
8 OK (The committee hasn't is also 11 Your children's friends
Street 12 Our neighbours' garden
correct) 13 OK
78.2 9 There was a police officer / 14 David's hair
2 The Eiffel Tower 15 Katherine's party
3 Buckingham Palace a policeman / a policewoman ... 16 OK
4 The White House 10 What are the police ... 17 MK. Ai*k1eis parent■s1car
5 The Kremlin 11 These scissors aren't... 18 OK
6 Broadway 12 OK 19 OK (the government's economic
7 The Acropolis
8 Gatwick Airport UNIT 80 policy is also correct)

78.3 80.1 a\
2 Central Park 3 a job interview 2 a boy s name
3 St James's Park 4 (your) holiday pictures 3 children's clothes
4 The Imperial Hotel... Baker Street 5 milk chocolate 4 a girls' school
5 Dublin Airport 6 a factory inspector D a bird's nest
6 Liverpool University 7 a race horse 6 a women's magazine
7 Harrison's 8 a horse race
8 the Park Plaza 9 running shoes 81.3
9 The Statue of Liberty ... New York 10 a university student 2 Last week’s storm caused a lot of
11 (your) exam results
Harbour 12 the living room carpet damage.
10 the Science Museum 13 an oil company scandal 3 The town's only cinema has closed
11 IBM ... British Telecom 14 car factory workers
12 The Classic 15 a road improvement scheme down.
13 the Great Wall 16 a New York department store 4 Britain's weather is very changeable
14 The Times 17 a five-day course 5 The region's main industry is
15 Cambridge University Press 18 a two-part question
16 the College of Art 19 a thirty-year-old man tourism.

UNIT 79 80.2 81.4
2 seat belt 2 twenty minutes' walk
79.1 3 credit card 3 two weeks' holiday / fourteen days'
3 shorts 4 weather forecast
4 a means 5 newspaper editor holiday / a fortnight’s holiday
5 means 6 shop window 4 an/one hour's sleep
6 some scissors or a pair of scissors 7 room number
7 a series 8 birthday party 353
8 series 9 truck driver
9 species

Key to Exercises

UNIT 82 83.2 84.3
2 his own opinions 2 There may be
82.1 3 her own business 3 there will be / there'll be or
4 our own words
2 hurt himself 5 its own private beach there are going to be
3 blame herself 4 There’s going to be /There is goinj
4 Put yourself 83.3
5 enjoyed themselves 2 your own fault to be
6 burn yourself 3 her own ideas 5 There used to be
7 express myself 4 your own problems 6 there should be
5 his own decisions 7 there wouldn't be
82.2
2 me 83.4 84.4
3 myself 2 makes her own (clothes) 2 OK
4 us 3 bake/make our own (bread) 3 there will be an opportunity
5 yourself 4 clean your own (shoes) 4 OK
6 you 5 write their own (songs) 5 There must have been a reason.
7 ourselves 6 OK
8 them 83.5 7 There's sure to be a car park
9 themselves 2 my own
3 myself somewhere.
82.3 4 himself 8 OK
2 feel 5 themselves 9 There has been no change.
3 dried myself 6 herself 10 There used to be a church here
4 concentrate 7 their own 11 there would be somebody ... but
5 defend yourself 8 yourself
6 meeting 9 our own there wasn't anybody.
7 relax 10 her own 12 OK

82.4 UNIT 84 UNIT 85
2 themselves
3 each other 84.1 85.1
4 each other 3 There's /There is 2 some
5 themselves 4 there wasn't 3 any
6 each other 5 Is i t ... it’s / it is 4 an y... some
7 ourselves 6 is there 5 some
8 each other 7 there was 6 some... any
9 introduced ourselves to each other 8 It isn't / It’s not 7 any
9 there isn't 8 any
82.5 10 It was 9 some
2 He cuts it himself. 11 There wasn't 10 any
3 No, I'll tell her myself. 12 Is there ... there's / there is 11 some
4 Linda told me herself. / Linda herself 13 there was ... It was
14 It was 85.2
told me. / Linda did herself. 15 It's / It is ... There's /There is 2 somebody/someone
5 Why can't you phone him yourself? / 3 anybody/anyone
84.2 4 anything
... do it yourself? 2 There's/There is a lot of salt in the 5 something
6 somebody/someone ...
UNIT 83 soup, or ... too much salt...
3 There was nothing in the box. or anybody/anyone
83.1 7 something ... anybody/anyone
2 We met a relative of yours. There wasn't anything in the box. 8 Anybody/Anyone
3 Jason borrowed a book of mine. 4 There's /There is a lot of violence in 9 anybody/anyone
4 Lisa invited some friends of hers to 10 anywhere
the film. 11 somewhere
her flat. 5 There were a lot of people in the 12 anywhere
5 We had dinner with a neighbour of 13 anybody/anyone
shopping mall. 14 something
ours. 6 There is a lot to do in this town. 15 Anybody/Anyone
6 I went on holiday with two friends of 16 anything
/There is a lot happening in this 17 something
mine. town. 18 anybody/anyone ... anything
7 Is that man a friend of yours?
8 I met a friend of Jane's at the party.
9 It's always been an ambition of mine

(to travel round the world).

354

Key to Exercises

85.3 87.3 5 few 89.2
2 Any day 2 little 6 little 2 either
3 Anything 3 many 7 many 3 both
4 anywhere 4 much 4 Neither of
5 Any job or Anything 5 neither driver... both / both
6 Any time 87.4
7 Anybody/Anyone 3 a few dollars the / both of the cars
8 Any newspaper or Any one 4 OK 6 both / both of
5 a little time
UNIT 86 6 OK 89.3
7 only a few words 2 either of them
86.1 8 a few months 3 both of them
3 no 4 Neither of us
4 any 8 No 87.5 5 neither of them
5 None 9 no 2 a little
6 none 10 any 3 a few 6 a little 89.4
7 any 11 none 4 few 7 little 3 Both Joe and Sam are on holiday.
12 no 5 little 8 a few 4 Neither Joe nor Sam has (got) a car.
5 Brian neither watches TV nor reads
86.2 UNIT 88
2 Nobody/No-one. newspapers.
3 None. 88.1 6 The movie was both boring and
4 Nowhere. 3-
5 None. 4 of long.
6 Nothing. 5- 7 That man's name is either Richard or
8 I wasn't talking to anybody/anyone. 6-
9 I don't want any sugar. 7 of Robert.
10 I'm not going anywhere. 8 of 8 I have neither the time nor the
11 1didn't get any emails. 9 - (of is also correct)
12 I didn't pay anything. 10 - money to go on holiday.
9 We can leave either today or
88.2
3 of my spare time tomorrow.
4 accidents
86.3 5 of the buildings 89.5 5 any
2 nobody/no-one 6 of her friends 2 either 6 either
3 Nowhere 7 of the population 3 any 7 neither
4 anything 8 birds 4 none
5 Nothing. I couldn't find anything ... 9 of the players
6 Nothing 10 of her opinions UNIT 90
7 anywhere 11 European countries
8 Nobody/No-one said anything 12 (of) my dinner 90.1

86.4 6 Anything 88.3 3 Everybody/Everyone
2 nobody 7 anything Example answers:
3 anyone 8 any 2 the time 4 Everything
4 Anybody 9 No-one ... anyone 3 my friends 5 all
5 Nothing 4 (of) the questions 6 everybody/everyone
5 the pictures / the photos / 7 everything
UNIT 87 8 All
the photographs 9 everybody/everyone
87.1 a lot of people 6 (of) the money 10 All
3 a lot of salt 11 everything/all
4 OK 88.4 12 Everybody/Everyone
5 It cost a lot 2 All of them 13 All
6 OK 3 none of us 14 everything
7 many people or 4 some of it
8 Mike travels a lot 5 none of them 90.2
9 OK 6 Noneofit 2 The whole team played well.
10 a lot of money 7 Some of them
8 all of it 3 He ate the whole box (of
87.2
2 He has (got) plenty of money. UNIT 89 chocolates).
3 There's plenty of room. 4 They searched the whole house.
4 ... she still has plenty to learn. 89.1 5 The whole family play/plays tennis.
5 There is plenty to see. 2 Neither 6 Ann/She worked the whole day.
6 There are plenty of hotels. 3 both 7 It rained the whole week.
8 Ann worked all day.
4 Either 9 It rained all week.
5 Neither
90.3
2 every four hours

3 every four years

4 every five minutes
5 every six months

355

Key to Exercises

90.4 92.3 93.4
2 every day 2 who/that runs away from home 3 - (that is also correct)
3 all day 3 that/which were hanging on the 4 what
4 The whole building 5 that
5 every time wall 6 what
6 all the time 4 that/which cannot be explained 7 - (that is also correct)
7 all my luggage 5 who/that stole my wallet 8 what
6 that/which gives you the meaning 9 - (that is also correct)

U N IT 91 of words
7 who/that invented the telephone
91.1 8 that/which can support life UNIT 94
3 Each
4 Every 6 every 92.4 94.1
5 Each 7 each 3 the nearest shop that/which sells 2 whose wife is an English teacher
8 every 4 the driver who/that caused 3 who owns a restaurant
5 OK (the person who took is also 4 whose ambition is to climb Everest
91.2 8 every 5 who have just got married
3 Every 9 each correct) 6 whose parents used to work in a
4 Each 10 Every 6 a world that/which is changing
5 every 11 each 7 OK (some things about me which circus
6 every 12 each
7 each were is also correct) 94.2
8 the horse that/which won 2 where I can get some water
91.3 3 (The) factory where I work
2 Sonia and 1had ten pounds each. / U N IT 93 4 the hotel where Sue is staying
5 (the) park where I/we play football
Sonia and 1each had ten pounds. 93.1
3 Those postcards cost 80 pence 3 OK (the people who/that we met is 94.3 6 where
2 where 7 whose
each. /Those postcards are also correct) 3 who 8 whom
80 pence each. 4 The people who work in the office 4 whose
4 We paid £150 each. /We each paid 5 OK (the people who/that I work 5 whom
£150.
with is also correct)
91.4 6 OK (the money that/which I gave 94.4
2 everyone Example answers:
3 every one you is also correct) 2 The reason I left my job was that the
4 Everyone 7 the money that/which was on the
5 every one salary was very low.
table 3 I'll never forget the time I got stuck
U N IT 92 8 OK (the worst film that/which
in a lift.
92.1 you've ever seen is also correct) 4 Do you remember the day we first
2 A burglar is someone who breaks 9 the best thing that/which has ever
met?
into a house to steal things. happened to you 5 The reason they don't have a car is
3 A customer is someone who buys
93.2 that they don't need one.
something from a shop. 2 you're wearing or 6 2003 was the year Amanda got
4 A shoplifter is someone who steals
that/which you're wearing married.
from a shop. 3 you're going to see or
5 A coward is someone who is not UNIT 95
that/which you're going to see
brave. 4 I/we wanted to visit or 95.1
6 An atheist is someone who doesn't 3 We often go to visit our
that/which I/we wanted to visit
believe in God. 5 I/we invited to the party or friends in Cambridge, which is not
7 A pessimist is someone who expects far from London.
who/whom/that we invited... 4 I went to see the doctor, who told
the worst to happen. 6 you had to do or me I needed to change my diet.
8 A tenant is someone who pays rent 5 Steven, who/whom I've known for a
that/which you had to do very Long time, is one of my closest
to live in a house or apartment. 7 I/we rented or friends.
6 Lisa, whose job involves a Lot of
92.2 that/which I/we rented travelling, is away from home a lot.
2 The waitress who/that served us 7 The new stadium, which can hold
93.3 90,000 people, will be finished next
was impolite and impatient. 2 the wedding we were invited to month.
3 The building that/which was 3 the hotel you told me about 8 Alaska, where my brother lives, is
4 the job I applied for the largest state in the USA.
destroyed in the fire has now been 5 the concert you went to 9 Our teacher, whose name I have
rebuilt. 6 somebody you can rely on forgotten, was very kind.
4 The people who/that were 7 the man you were with
arrested have now been released.
5 The bus that/which goes to the
airport runs every half hour.

356

Key to Exercises

95.2 UNIT 97 U N IT 99
3 The strike at the factory, which
97.1 99.1
began ten days ago, is now over. 2 the man sitting next to me on the 2 an unusual gold ring
3 a beautiful old house
4 I've found the book I was Looking for plane 4 black leather gloves
3 The taxi taking us to the airport 5 an old American film
this morning, or ...the book that/ 4 a path leading to the river 6 a long thin face
which I was looking for. 5 A factory employing 500 people 7 big black clouds
5 My car, which I've had for 15 years, 6 a brochure containing the 8 a lovely sunny day
has never broken down. 9 an ugly yellow dress
6 Few of the people who/that information I needed 10 a long wide avenue
applied for the job had the necessary 11 a lovely little restaurant
qualifications. 97.2 12 a little old red car
7 Amy showed me a picture of her 2 the gate damaged in the storm 13 a nice new green sweater
son, who is a police officer. 3 Most of the suggestions made at the 14 a small black metal box
15 a big fat black cat
95.3 meeting 16 beautifullong black hair
2 My office, which is on the second 4 The paintings stolen from the 17 an interesting old French painting
18 an enormous red and yellow
floor, is very small. museum
3 OK {The office that/which I'm using 5 the man arrested by the police umbrella

... is also correct) 97.3 99.2
4 Mark's father, who used to be in the 3 living 2 tastes/tasted awful
4 offering 3 feel fine
army, now works for a TV company. 5 called 4 smell nice
5 OK (The doctor who examined me 6 blown 5 look wet
7 sitting ... reading 6 sounds/sounded interesting
... is also correct) 8 working ... studying
6 The sun, which is one of millions 99.3 6 properly
97.4 2 happy 7 good
of stars in the universe, provides us 3 There's somebody coming. 3 happily 8 slow
with heat and light. 4 There were a Lot of people travelling. 4 violent
5 There was nobody else staying there. 5 terrible
UNIT 96 6 There was nothing written on it.
7 There's a course beginning next
96.1
2 of which he's very proud Monday.
3 with whom we went on holiday
UN IT 98 99.4
4 to which only members of the family 3 the last two days
98.1 4 the first two weeks of May
were invited 2 a exhausting 5 the next few days
6 the first three questions (in the
96.2 b exhausted
2 most of which was useless 3 a depressing exam)
3 none of whom was suitable 7 the next two years
b depressed 8 the last three days of our holiday
4 one of which she hardly ever uses c depressed
4 a exciting U N IT 100
5 half of which he gave to his parents b exciting
6 both of whom are Lawyers c excited 100.1
7 neither of which she replied to
8 only a few of whom I knew 98.2 2 badly
9 (the) sides of which were Lined with 2 interested 3 easily
3 exciting 4 patiently
trees 4 embarrassing 5 unexpectedly
10 the aim of which is to save money 5 embarrassed 6 regularly
6 amazed 7 perfectly ... slowly ... clearly
96.3 7 amazing
2 jane doesn't have a phone, which 8 amused 100.2
9 terrifying ... shocked 3 selfishly
makes it difficult to contact her. 10 bored ... boring 4 terribly
3 Alex has passed his exams, which is 11 boring ... interesting 5 sudden
6 colourfully
good news. 98.3 7 boring 7 colourful
2 bored 8 exhausted 8 badly
4 Our flight was delayed, which meant 3 confusing 9 excited 9 badly
4 disgusting 10 amusing 10 safe
we had to wait three hours at the 5 interested 11 interesting
airport. 6 annoyed
5 Kate offered to Let me stay at her
house, which was very kind of her.
6 The street I live in is very noisy at
night, which makes it difficult to
sleep sometimes.
7 Our car has broken down, which
means we can't go away tomorrow.

357

Key to Exercises

100.3 UNIT 102 103.2
2 careful 2 too busy to talk
3 continuously 102.1 3 too late to go
4 happily 4 so 4 warm enough to sit
5 fluent 5 so 5 too shy to be
6 specially 6 such a 6 enough patience to be
7 complete 7 so 7 too far away to hear
8 perfectly 8 such 8 enough English to read
9 nervous 9 such a
10 financially or completely 10 such a 103.3
11 so 2 This coffee is too hot to drink.
100,4 12 so ... such 3 The piano was too heavy to move.
2 seriously ill 13 so 4 These apples aren't / are not ripe
3 absolutely enormous 14 such a
4 slightly damaged 15 such a enough to eat.
5 unusually quiet 5 The situation is too complicated to
6 completely changed 102.2
7 unnecessarily long 3 I was so tired (that) l couldn't keep explain.
8 badly planned 6 The wall was too high to climb over.
my eyes open. 7 This sofa isn't / is not big enough
UNIT 101 4 We had such a good time on holiday
for three people (to sit on).
101.1 (that) we didn't want to come 8 Some things are too small to see
2 good home.
3 well 5 She speaks English so well (that) without a microscope.
4 good you would think it was her native
5 well UNIT 104
6 w ell... good I language, or She speaks such good
7 well English (that)... 104.1
8 good 2 quite hungry
9 well 6 I’ve got such a lot to do (that) I 3 Quite good
don't know where to begin, or 4 quite often
101.2 I've got so much to do (that) .,. 5 quite noisy
2 well-known 6 quite surprised
3 well-kept 7 The music was so loud (that) you 7 quite late
4 well-written could hear it from miles away. 8 quite old
5 well-informed
6 well-dressed 8 I had such a big breakfast (that) I 104.2
7 well-paid didn’t eat anything else for the rest 2 quite a good voice
of the day. 3 quite a long way
101.3 5 OK 4 a pretty cold wind
2 OK 6 slowly 9 It was such horrible weather 5 quite a lot of traffic
3 OK (that) we spent the whole day 6 a pretty busy day
4 hard indoors.
104.3
101.4 10 I was so surprised (that) I Example answers:
2 hardly hear didn't know what to say. 2 rather long
3 hardly slept 3 rather disappointed
4 hardly speak 102.3 4 rather strange
5 hardly said Example answers: 5 rather impatient
6 hardly changed 2 a She's so friendly.
7 hardly recognised 104.4
b She's such a nice person. 3 more than a little ...
101.5 3 a It's so lively. 4 completely
2 hardly any 5 more than a little ...
3 hardly anything b It's such an exciting place. 6 more than a little ...
4 hardly anybody/anyone 4 a It’s so exhausting. 7 completely
5 hardly ever
6 Hardly anybody/anyone b It’s such a difficult job, 104.5
7 hardly anywhere 5 a I haven't seen you for so long. 2 quite safe
8 hardly or hardly ever 3 quite impossible
9 hardly any b I haven't seen you for such a long 4 quite right
10 hardly anything ... hardly time. 5 quite different
6 quite unnecessary
anywhere 103.1 7 quite sure

3U NenITou1gh03money

4 enough milk
5 warm enough
6 enough room
7 well enough
8 enough time
9 big enough
10 enough cups

358

Key to Exercises

UNIT 105 106.3 107.4
2 bigger and bigger 2 Your hair is the same colour as mine.
105.1 3 heavier and heavier 3 I arrived (at) the same time as you.
2 stronger 4 more and more nervous 4 My birthday is (on) the same day as
3 smaller 5 worse and worse
4 more expensive 6 more and more expensive Tom's, or
5 warmer/hotter 7 better and better My birthday is the same as Tom's.
6 more interesting / more exciting 8 more and more talkative
7 nearer/closer 107.5
8 more difficult / more 106.4 2 than him/than he does
2 the more I liked him or 3 as me / as I do
complicated 4 than us / than we were
9 better the more I got to like him 5 than her/than she is
10 worse 3 the more profit you (will) make or 6 as them / as they have been
11 longer
12 more quietly the higher your profit (will be) or UNIT 108
13 more often the bigger your profit (will be)
14 further/farther 4 the harder it is to concentrate 108.1
IS happier / more cheerful 5 the more impatient she became 2 It's the cheapest restaurant in the

105.2 106.5 7 elder or older town.
3 more serious than 2 more 8 slightly 3 It was the happiest day of my life.
4 thinner 3 longer 9 no 4 She's the most intelligent student in
5 bigger 4 any 10 less ... better
6 more interested 5 the the class.
7 more important than 6 older 5 It’s the most valuable painting in the
8 simpler / more simple
9 more crowded than UNIT 107 gallery.
10 more peaceful than 6 It's the busiest time of the year.
11 more easily 107.1 8 He's one of the richest men in the
12 higher than 2 My salary isn't as high as yours.
3 You don't know as much about cars country.
105.3 9 It's one of the biggest castles in
2 It takes longer by train than by car. as me. or ... as I do.
3 I ran further/farther than Dan. 4 We aren't as busy today as we were Europe.
4 Joe did worse than Chris in the test. 10 She's one of the best players in the
5 My friends arrived earlier than I yesterday, or .... as yesterday.
5 I don't feel as bad as I did earlier, or team, (on the team is also possible)
expected. 11 It was one of the worst experiences
6 The buses run more often than the ... as I felt earlier.
6 Our neighbours haven't lived here as of my life.
trains, or The buses run more 12 It's one of the most famous
frequently than ... or The buses long as us. or ... as we have.
are more frequent than ... 7 I wasn't as nervous (before the universities in the world.
7 We were busier than usual in the
office today. interview) as I usually am. 108.2
or ...as usual. 3 larger
UNIT 106 4 the smallest
107.2 5 better
106.1 3 The station wasn't as far as I 6 the worst
2 much bigger 7 the most popular
3 much more interesting than thought. 8 ... the highest mountain in the
4 a bit cooler 4 The meal cost less than I expected.
5 far more complicated than 5 I don't go out as much as I used to. world ... It is higher than ...
6 a bit more slowly 9 the tallest
7 a lot easier or ... as often as I used to. 10 more comfortable
8 slightly older 6 Karen used to have longer hair. 11 the quickest
7 You don't know them as well as me. 12 quicker
106.2 13 the most expensive
2 any sooner / any earlier or ... as 1do. 14 The oldest or The eldest
3 no higher than / no more expensive 8 There aren't as many people at this
108.3
than / no worse than meeting as at the last one. 2 That's the funniest joke I’ve ever
4 any further/farther
5 no worse than 107.3 heard.
2 as weLl as 3 This is the best coffee I've ever
3 as long as
4 as soon as tasted.
5 as often as 4 She's the most generous person I've
6 as quietly as
7 just as comfortable as ever met.
8 just as hard as 5 That's the furthest/farthest I've
9 just as bad as
ever run.
6 It’s the worst mistake I've ever

made, or It was the worst...
7 Who's the most famous person

you've ever met?

359

Key to Exercises 110.2 111.2
2 Katherine is always very generous.
UNIT 109 3 I don't usually have to work 2 He hasn't gone yet.

109.1 on Saturdays. 3 They haven’t finished {repairing the
3 Joe doesn’t like football very 4 Do you always watch TV in road) yet.

much. the evenings? 4 They haven't woken up yet.
4 OK 5 ... he is also learningjapanese. 5 Has she found a place to live yet?
5 I ate my breakfast quickly and ... 6 a We were all on holiday in Spain, 6 I haven't decided (what to do) yet.
6 ... a lot of people to the party? 7 It hasn't taken off yet.
7 OK b We were all staying at the same
8 Did you go to bed late last hotel. 111.3
5 I don’t want to go out yet.
night? c We all enjoyed ourselves. 6 she doesn't work there any
9 OK 7 a The new hotel is probably very
10 I met a friend of mine on my way more
expensive, 7 I still have a lot of friends
home. b It probably costs a lot to stay
there, or i've still g o t...
109.2 there. 8 We’ve already met.
2 We won the game easily. 8 a I can probably help you. 9 Do you still live in the same place
3 I closed the door quietly. 10 have you already eaten
4 Tanya speaks German quite well. b I probably can’t help you. 11 He's not here yet.
5 Sam watches TV all the time. 12 he still isn't here (he isn't here yet is
6 Please don't ask that question again. 110.3
7 Does Kevin play football every 2 I usually take also possible)
3 I am usually / i'm usually 13 are you already a member
weekend? 4 were both born 14 I can still remember it very clearly
8 I borrowed some money from a 5 She can also sing 15 These trousers don't fit me any
6 usually sleeps
friend of mine. 7 I have never spoken / I've never more.
16 ‘Have you finished with the paper
109.3 spoken
2 I go to the supermarket every Friday. 8 You always have to wait yet?' 'No, I'm still reading it.'
3 Why did you come home so 9 I can only read or I can read only
10 We were a ll... we all fell UNIT 112
late? 11 I always am
4 Sarah takes her children to 12 I will probably be leaving / 112.1

school every day. I'll probably be leaving 2 even Lisa
5 I haven't been to the cinema 13 I probably won't be
14 She is hardly ever / She's hardly ever 3 not even Amy
recently. 15 We are still living /We're still living 4 even Lisa
6 Please write your name at the top of 16 we would never have met / 5 even Kate
6 not even Lisa
the page. we'd never have met
7 I remembered her name after a few 17 always says ... she never does 112.2

minutes. UNIT 111 2 We even painted the floor.
8 We walked around the town
111.1 3 She's even met theprime minister.
all morning. 3 He doesn't write poems any 4 You could even hear it / You could
9 I didn’t see you at the party
more. even hear the noise from the next
on Saturday night. 4 He still wants to be a teacher street, or You could hear it / You
10 We found some interesting books in 5 He isn't / He's not interested in could hear the noise even from the
next street.
the library. politics any more. 6 I can't even remember her name.
11 Laura left her umbrella in a 6 He’s still single. 7 There isn't even a cinema.
7 He doesn’t go fishing any 8 He didn't even tell his wife (where
restaurant last night he was going).
12 They are building a new hotel more. 9 I don't even know the people next
8 He doesn't have a beard any more. door.
opposite the park.
or He hasn’t got ... 112.3
UNIT 110 10-12 2 even older
• He no longer writes poems. 3 even better
110.1 • He is / He's no longer interested in 4 even more difficult
5 even worse
3 I usually have ... politics. 6 even less
4 OK • He no longer goes fishing.
5 Steve hardly ever gets angry. • He no longer has a beard, or 112.4 6 Even
6 ... and I also went to the bank. 2 if 7 even
7 Jane always has to hurry ... He's no longer got a beard. 3 even if 8 even
8 I've never worked / i have never 4 even 9 Even
5 even though
worked ...
9 OK (I never have enough time.)

I'm always busy. / I am always
busy.

360

Key to Exercises

UNIT 113 UNIT 114 115.3
2 unless
113.1 114.1 3 providing 7 provided
2 Although I had never seen her before 2-5 4 as long as 8 Unless
3 although it was quite cold • Take a map in case you get lost. 5 unless 9 unless
4 although we don't tike them very • Take an anorak in case it rains. 6 unless 10 as long as
• Take a camera in case you want to
much 115.4
5 Although I didn't speak the Language take some pictures. Example answers:
• Take some water in case you're 2 it's not too hot
well 3 there isn't too much traffic
6 Although the heating was on thirsty. / ... in case you are thirsty. 4 it isn't raining
7 although I'd met her twice before or ... you get thirsty. 5 I'm in a hurry
8 although we've known each other a 6 you have something else to do
114.2 7 you pay it back next week
long time 2 I'll say goodbye now in case I don't 8 you take risks

113.2 see you again (before you go). UN IT 116
2 a In spite of (or Despite) 3 Can you check the list in case we
116.1
b Although forgot something? 2 1listened as she told me her story.
3 a because or ... forgot anything? 3 1burnt myself as 1was taking a hot
4 You should back up your files in
b although case there's a problem with your dish out of the oven.
4 a because of computer. / ... there is a problem 4 The crowd cheered as the two teams
with your computer.
b in spite of (or despite) came onto the field.
5 a although 114.3 5 A dog ran out in front of the car as
2 in case I forgot it.
b because of 3 in case they were worried (about we were driving along the road.
Example answers:
6 a he hadn't studied very hard me). 116.2
4 in case she didn't get the first one. / 2 As today is a public holiday, many of
b he had studied very hard
7 a 1was hungry in case she hadn't g o t... / in case she the shops are shut.
hadn't gotten ... 3 As 1didn't want to disturb anybody, 1
b being hungry / my hunger / the 5 in case they came to London (one
fact (that) I was hungry day). was very quiet.
4 As 1don't know what to do, 1need
113.3 114.4 if
2 In spite of having very little money, 3 If 7 in case some advice.
4 if 8 9 in case 5 As none of us had a watch, we didn't
they are happy, or 5 in case
In spite of the fact (that) they have 6 if know what time it was.
very Little money ...
3 Although my foot was injured, UNIT 115 116.3
I managed to walk home, or 3 because
! managed to walk home although 115.1 4 at the same time as
my ... 2 You won't know what to do unless 5 at the same time as
4 I enjoyed the film in spite of the silly 6 because
story. /... in spite of the story being you listen carefully. 7 because
silly. / ... in spite of the fact (that) the 3 I'll never speak to her again unless
story was silly, or 116.4
In spite o f ..., I enjoyed the film. she apologises to me. or 3 OK
5 Despite living in the same street, Unless she apologises to me, I'll... 4 when 1was in London
we hardly ever see each other, or 4 He won't be able to understand you 5 When 1left school
Despite the fact (that) we live in ... unless you speak very slowly, or 6 OK
or We hardly ever see each other Unless you speak very slowly, he ... 7 when 1was a child
despite ... 5 The company will have to close
6 Even though I was only out for five unless business improves soon, or 116.5
minutes, I got very wet in the rain. Unless business improves soon, the Example answers:
or I got very wet in the rain even company ... 1 I saw you as you were getting into
though I was ...
115.2 your car.
113.4 2 I’m not going (to the party) unless 2 It started to rain just as we started
2 It's very windy though,
3 We ate it though, you go too. / playing tennis.
4 I don't like her husband though. ... unless you're going too. 3 As I didn't have enough money for a
3 The dog won't attack you unless you
move suddenly. taxi, I had to walk home.
4 Ben won't speak to you unless you 4 just as I took the picture, somebody
ask him something.
5 The doctor won't see you unless it's walked in front of the camera.
an emergency.

361

Key to Exercises

UNIT 117 118.4 120.3
2 as if I was/were Example answers:
117.1 3 as if she was/were 3 until 1come back
3 like her mother 4 as if it was/were 4 by 5 o'clock
4 people Like him 5 by next Friday
5 OK UNIT 119 6 until midnight
6 like most of his friends or
119.1 9 during 120.4
as most of his friends are 3 during 10 for 2 By the time I got to the station /
7 like talking to the wall 4 for 11 for
8 OK 5 during 12 for By the time I’d got to the station
9 OK 6 for 13 during 3 By the time I finished (my work) /
10 OK 7 for 14 for
11 like a bomb exploding 8 for By the time I'd finished (my work)
12 like a fish 4 By thetime the police arrived /

117.2 119.2 9 while By the time the police had arrived
2 like blocks of ice 3 while 10 during 5 By the time we got to the top (of the
3 like a beginner 4 While 11 while
4 as a tour guide 5 During 12 during mountain) / By the time we’d got to
5 like a theatre 6 while 13 while the top (of the mountain)
6 as a birthday present 7 during 14 while
7 like winter 8 During UNIT 121
8 like a child
119.3 121.1
117.3 11 like Example answers: 2 on
2 like 12 as 3 Nobody came to see me while I was 3 in
3 as 13 as 4 At or On
4 like 14 Like in hospital. 5 on orI last saw her Tuesday, (no
5 like 15 as 4 Can you wait for me while I make a
6 as or like 16 As preposition)
7 like 17 like quick phone call? 6 in
8 as 18 as or like 5 Most of the students looked bored
9 as m
10 like or such as during the lesson.
6 I was asked a lot of questions during 8 at
UNIT 118 9 on or There are usually a lot
the interview.
118.1 7 Don't open the car door while the of parties New Year's Eve. (no
2 You Look like you've seen a ghost. / preposition)
car is moving. 10 at
... like you saw a ghost. 8 The lights suddenly went out while 11 in
3 You sound as if you're having a good 12 at
we were watching TV. 13 on
time. 9 It started to rain during the game. 14 in
4 I feel like I've (just) run a marathon. / 10 It started to rain while we were 15 On Saturday night or
Saturday night (nopreposition)
... like I (just) ran a marathon. walking home. ... at midnight
11 What are you going to do while 16 at 5 o'clock in the morning
118.2 17 on 7January ... in April
2 It looks like it's going to rain. you're on holiday? 18 at home on Tuesday morning
3 It sounds like they're having an or at home Tuesday morning (no
UNIT 120 preposition) ... in the afternoon
argument.
4 It looks like there's been an accident. 120.1 121.2
5 It Looks Like we'LL have to walk. 2 I have to be at the airport by 8.30. 2 at night
6 It sounds like you should see a 3 Let me know by Saturday whether 3 in the evening
4 on 21 July 1969
doctor. you can come to the party. 5 at the same time
4 Please make sure that you're here by 6 in the 1920s
118.3 7 in about 20 minutes
2 as if he meant what he said 2 o'clock. 8 at the moment
3 as if she's hurt her Leg/as if she hurt 5 If we leave now, we should arrive by 9 in the Middle Ages
10 in 11 seconds
her Leg lunchtime. 11 on Saturdays or ...works
4 as if he hadn't eaten for a week
5 as if she was enjoying it 120.2 .. by (now) Saturdays (no preposition)
6 as if I'm going to be sick 2 by
7 as if she didn't want to come 3 by
8 as if I didn't exist 4 until
5 until
362 6 by
7 until
8 by
9 by
10 until
11 By
12 by

Key to Exercises

121.3 123.2 125.2
3a 2 on my guitar 2 in a taxi
4 both 3 at the next petrol station 3 at the cinema
5b 4 in your coffee 4 in prison
6b 5 on that tree 5 at school
7 both 6 in the mountains 6 at the sports centre
8a 7 on the island 7 in hospital
9b 8 at the window 8 at the airport
0a 9 on the plane
123.3 10 in Tokyo
U N IT 122 2 on
3 at 125.3
122.1 4 on 2 at
2 on time 5 in 3 in
3 in time 6 on 4 at
4 on time 7 at 5 at/in a very comfortable hotel...
5 in time 8 in a small village in the south-west
6 on time 9 on in Amsterdam
7 in time 10 in 6 in
8 in time 11 on the wall in the kitchen 7 on
9 on time 12 at 8 at
9 in
122.2 U N IT 124 10 at
2 1got home just in time. 11 in
3 1stopped him just in time. 124.1 12 at home or be home (no
4 We got to the cinema just in time for 2 On the second floor.
3 At/On the corner. preposition)... at work
the beginning of the film. /... just in 4 In the corner. 13 in
time to see the beginning of the film. 5 At the top of the stairs. 14 in Birmingham ... at Birmingham
6 In the back of the car.
122.3 7 At the front. University
2 at the end of the month 8 On the left.
3 at the end of the course 9 In the back row. U N IT 126
4 at the end of the race 10 On a farm.
5 at the end of the interview 126.1
3 at
122.4 124.2 4 to
2 In the end she resigned (from her 2 on the right 5 to
3 in the world 6 into
job). 4 on the way to work 7 in
3 In the end 1gave up (trying to learn 5 on the west coast 8 to
6 in the front row 9 into
German). 7 at the back of the class 10 to
4 In the end we decided not to go (to 6 on the back of this card 11 at
12 to
the party), or 13 into
In the end we didn't go (to the party). 14 to
15 get home (r?opreposition) ...
122.5 6 at 124.3 9 in
2 In 7 in 2 in 10 on going to bed
3 at ... at 8 at 3 in 11 in 16 returned to France ... two years in
4 in 9 in 4 at 12 on
5 in 5 in 13 in Brazil
6 on 14 on ... on 17 born in Chicago ... moved to New
U N IT 123 7 At
8 in York ... lives in New York
123.1
2 On his arm. or U N IT 125 126.2
Example answers:
On the man's arm. 125.1 2-4
3 At the traffic lights. 2 on a train • I've been to Sweden once.
4 a On the door. 3 at a conference • I've never been to the United State
4 in hospital / in the hospital • I've been to Paris a few times.
b In the door. 5 at the hairdresser's
5 On the watl. 6 on his bike 126.3
6 In Paris. 7 in New York 2 -in
7 a At the gate. 8 at the Savoy Theatre 3 - (no preposition)
4 at
b On the gate. 5 to
8 On the beach. 6 - (no preposition)

363

Key to Exercises

126.4 128.3 129.3
2 travelling by bus or 2 to
2 I got on 3 in
travelling on the bus or 4 of
3 I got out of the car. /... my car. travelling on buses 5 in or to
got3inttahkeen with a very good camera 6 for
4 I got off the train. 4 this music is by Beethoven 7 to or towards
5 pay cash or pay in cash 8 with
5 I got into the taxi,or I 6 a mistake by one of our players 9 in
10 to
taxi, 128.4 11 of
Example answers: 12 for a rise in pay
6 I got off the plane. 3-5 13 to
* Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce. 14 with
UNIT 127 * Yesterday is a song by Paul
UN IT 130
127.1 McCartney.
2 in cold weather * Guernica is a painting by Pablo 130.1
3 in pencil 2 That was nice of him.
4 in love Picasso. 3 That was generous of her.
5 in capital letters 4 That wasn't very nice of them.
6 in the shade 128.5 5 That's very kind of you.
7 in my opinion 2 by 6 That isn't very polite of him.
3 with 7 That's a bit childish of them.
127.2 4 by
2 on strike 5 by 130.2
3 on a tour 6 by c a r... in your car 2 kind to
4 on TV 7 by the bed with a lamp and a clock 3 angry with
5 on purpose 4 excited about
6 on a diet on it 5 impressed by / impressed with
7 on business 6 bored with (bored by is also
8 on holiday 128.6
9 on the phone 2 The price has gone up by ten pence. possible)
10 on the whole 3 Helen won by two votes. 7 amazed at / amazed by
4 t missed her/Kate by five minutes. 8 careless of
127.3
2 on UNIT 129 130.3
3 on 2 of
4 at 129.1 3 to
5 in 2 to the problem 4 with
6 on 3 with her brother 5 with (by or in are also possible)
7 in 4 in the cost of living 6 to
8 on S to your question 7 at/by
9 at 6 for a new road 8 with
10 at 7 in or to working at home 9 about
11 on 8 in the number of people without 10 about
12 In my opinion ... on television 11 for
13 on jobs 12 about/by/at
14 on 9 for shoes like these any more 13 to
15 on 10 between your job and mine 14 of
16 at 15 by/with
17 on 129.2 16 about
18 in 2 invitation to 17 at/by
3 contact with 18 about
UNIT 128 4 key to (key for is also possible) 19 with us for making
5 cause of 20 sorry for/about... angry with
128.1 6 reply to
2 by mistake 7 connection between
3 by hand 8 photographs of
4 by credit card 9 reason for
5 by canal 10 damage to

128.2
2 on
3 by
4 by c a r... on my bike
5 in
6 on
7 by

364

U N I T 131 132.2 Key to Exercises
3 speak to
131.1 4 point (them) at U N IT 134
2 similar to 5 look at
3 afraid of 6 listen to 134.1
4 interested in 7 throw (stones) at
5 responsible for 8 throw (it) to 2 hear about
6 proud of 9 reply to
7 different from / different to 3 heard from
132.3 4 heard of
(different than is also possible) 2 at 5 hear from
8 capable of 3 at 6 hear about
4 to 7 heard of
131.2 5 to
2 of furniture 134.2
3 on sport 6 at 2 think about
4 of time 3 think of
5 at tennis 7 at 4 think of
6 to a Russian / to a Russian man / 8 to 5 thinking of/about
9 at 6 think of
to a Russian guy 10 at 7 thought about
7 of him / of Robert 11 to 8 think (much) of
8 from yours / to yours or from your 9 thinking about/of
U N IT 133 10 think of
problem / to your problem
133.1 134.3
131.3 2 for 2 about
2 for 3 for 3 to us about
3 of 4 to 4 of
4 of 5 for 5 of
5 in 6 about 6 about ... about... about
7 - (no preposition)
6 of or about 8 about about
9 - (no preposition) 7 of
7 o f ... of 10 for 8 about
8 on 11 for 9 about/of
9 of 12 about
10 with 13 for 134.4
11 of 14 for 2 complaining about
12 in 3 think about
13 of 133.2 4 warn (you) about
14 of 5 heard of
15 at 2 of 6 dream of
16 of 7 reminded (me) about
17 on 3 about 8 remind (you) of
18 of 4 for
5 of U N IT 135
131.4
Example answers: 6 for 135.1
2 I'm hopeless at telling jokes. 2 for
3 i'm not very good at maths. 7 about 3 of
4 I’m pretty good at remembering 8 - (no preposition) 4 of
5 - (no preposition)
names. 133.3 6 for
5 I'm good at sport. 7 of
2 looking for 8 for
U N IT 132 9 of
3 looked after 10 for
132.1 4 looking for 11 on
2a 5 look for
3b 6 looks after 135.2
4b 2 for the misunderstanding
5a 133.4 3 her/Jane on winning the tournament
6a 2 wait for 4 him from his enemies
7b 3 talk about 5 of eleven players
8a 4 asked (the waiter) for 6 on bread and eggs
9b 5 applied for 7 me for your problems / your
10 b 6 do (something) about
7 Looks after or has looked after problems on me
11 a 8 left (Boston) for
12 b 365

Key to Exercises

135.3 UNIT 137 138.3
2 paid for 2 dropped out
3 accused of 137.1 3 moved in
4 depends on 2 sit down 4 left out
5 live on 3 flew away 5 joined in
6 apologise to 4 get out 6 eating out or to eat out
7 suffers from 5 speak up 7 taken in
8 congratulated (him) on 6 get by 8 dropped in
7 gone up 9 get out of
135.4 8 looked round
2 from 138.4
3 on 137.2 2 Fill them in or Fill them out
4 - (no preposition) 2 back at 3 cross it out
5 from 3 up to 4 took me in
6 depends how (nopreposition) or 4 forward to 5 let us in
5 away with
depends on how 6 up at UNIT 139
7 on 7 in through
8 of 139.1
9 on 137.3 2 a mistake
2 wake me up 3 a candle
UNIT 136 3 get it out 4 an order
4 give them back 5 a cigarette / a candle
136.1 5 switch it on 6 a new product
2 happened to 6 take them off 7 a mess
3 invited to
4 divided into 137.4 139.2
5 believe in 3 I have to take them back 2 works out
6 fill (it) with 4 We can turn the television off 3 carried out
7 drove into 4 ran out
8 Concentrate on or We can turn off the television 5 sort out /work out
9 succeeded in 5 I knocked it over 6 find out
6 I don’t want to wake her up 7 tried out
136.2 7 (example answer) You should put 8 pointed out
2 I prefer small towns to big cities 9 workout
3 Jane provided me with all the your coat on or 10 went out
You should put on your coat 11 turned out
information I needed 8 1was able to put it out 12 works out /turns out
4 This morning t spent £70 on a pair of 9 (example answer) they've put the 13 find out
price(s) up or 14 put out
shoes they've put up the price(s)
5 The city is divided into ten districts 10 Shall I turn the light(s) on? or 139.3
Shall I turn on the light(s)? 2 giving out / handing out
136.3 3 turned out nice/fine/sunny
2 to UNIT 138 4 working out
3 on 5 fallen out
4 in 138.1 6 work out how to use the camera /
5 to
6 in 2 eats her new camera
7 with 3 moved
8 into 4 drop 139.4
9 in 5 checked 2 try it out
10 on 6 cut 3 work it out
11 - (no preposition) 7 plug 4 sorted it out / worked it out
12 into 8 filling/to fill
13 on 9 left UNIT 140
14 into 10 dive
15 with 11 rub/cross 140.1
16 from (one language) into another 12 dropped 2 put the heating on
3 put the oven on
136.4 138.2 4 put the kettle on
Example answers: 2 into 5 put a CD on
2 on petrol 3 in
3 into a wall 4 out
4 to volleyball 5 into
5 in seafood 6 out of
6 into many languages

366

140.2 U N IT 142 Key to Exercises
2 going on
3 take off 142.1 U N IT 144
4 switched off / turned off 2 took them down
5 drove off / went off 3 stand up 144.1
6 put on 4 turned it up 2d
7 set off / be off 5 put their bags down 3e
8 put off 6 were blown down / fell down 4c
9 called off 7 put them up 5g
10 put on 8 bent down (and) picked them up 6a
11 see (me) off 7b
142.2
140.3 2 turn it down 144.2
2 took off 3 calm him down 2 held up
3 tried on a/the hat or 4 wrote it down 3 did it up
5 let her down 4 cheer him up
tried a/the hat on 6 turned it down
4 was called off 144.3
5 see him off 142.3 2 blew up
6 put them on 2 calm down 3 beaten up
3 slowed down 4 broken up / split up
UNIT 141 4 was turned down 5 do up
5 broken down 6 clears up / will clear up
141.1 6 cut down 7 mixed up
2 went on / carried on 7 let down
3 walked on / carried on or 8 (has) closed down 144.4
9 be knocked down {or be pulled 2 look it up
carried on walking 3 put up with
4 dozed off / dropped off / nodded off down or be torn down) 4 made it up
5 go on / carry on / keep on 10 turned down 5 come up with
6 went off 11 was knocked down 6 tear it up
7 keeps on phoning me 12 broke down 7 saving up for

141.2 U N IT 143 U N IT 145
2 went off
3 finish off 143.1 145.1
4 drive on / carry on 2 went up to / walked up to 2 blew away
5 ripped off 3 catch up with 3 put it back
6 getting on 4 keep up with 4 walked away
7 dozed off / dropped off / nodded off 5 threw it back (to her)
8 told off 143.2 6 threw them away
9 get on 2 used up
10 going off 3 washed up 145.2
11 keep on 4 grow up 2 be away / have gone away
12 get on 5 turn up / show up 3 be back
13 showing off 6 gave up 4 ran away
14 put off 7 taking up 5 smile back
8 give up 6 get away
141.3 9 ended up 7 Keep away / Keep back
2 finish it off 10 takes up
3 were ripped off 11 make up 145.3
4 go off 2 Pay
5 did you get on 143.3 3 throw
6 carried on (ptaying) / went on 3 tidy it up / tidy up 4 gets
4 fixed it up 5 be
(playing) 5 keep up with 6 look
7 tell them off 6 was brought up 7 gave
8 doesn't get on (well) with 7 keep it up 8 get
8 went up to
9 was made up of 145.4
10 set it up / fix it up 2 throw it away
3 take them back
4 pay you back / pay it back
5 gave them away
6 call back / call me back

367

Keyto Additional exercises (seepage 302)

1 5 26 he went
1 got ... was already waiting ... had 27 He'd been
3 I'm getting / I am getting 28 he decided / he'd decided
4 do you do arrived 29 He was really looking forward
5 we arrived ... it was raining 2 was lying ... wasn't watching ... 30 is he doing
6 phones ... she didn't phone 31 I haven't heard
7 you were thinking ... I decided 'd fallen / had fallen ... was snoring 32 he left
8 are you looking ... turned ... woke
9 It doesn't rain 8
10 rang ... I was getting 3 'd just gone / had just gone ... was
11 we w ent... she was preparing ... 1 invented
reading ... heard ... g o t... didn't see 2 it's gone / it has gone
We didn’t want ... we didn't stay ... went 3 had gone ... left
12 told ... he didn't believe ... 4 did you do ... Did you go
4 missed ... was standing ... realised 5 have you had
Rethought ... twas joking 6 was looking or ’d been looking /
...’d left / had left... had ... got
2 5 m et... was walking ...'d been / had had been Looking
2 didn't go 7 She’s been teaching / She has been
3 is wearing been ...'d been playing/had been
4 went playing ... were going ... invited ... teaching
5 haven't heard 'd arranged / had arranged ... didn't 8 I bought... I haven’t worn or
6 is being have
7 wasn’t reading I didn't wear
8 didn’t have 6 9 I saw ... was ... I'd seen / 1had seen
9 It’s beginning 2 Somebody has taken it.
10 got 3 They'd only known /They had only ... I remembered ... it was
11 wasn't 10 Have you heard ... She was ...
12 you've been known each other (for) a few
13 I've been doing weeks. died ... She wrote ... Have you read
14 did she go 11 does this word mean ... I’ve never
15 I've been playing 4 It’s been raining / It has been raining
16 do you come seen
17 since I saw her all day. or It's rained / It has rained 12 Did you get ... it had already started
18 for 20 years all day. 13 knocked ... was ... she'd gone / she
5 I’d been dreaming. / 1had been
3 dreaming. had gone ... she didn't want
3 are you going 6 I'd had / 1had had a big breakfast. 14 He’d never used / He had never used
4 Do you watch 7 They've been going /They have
5 have you lived / have you been been going there for years. ... he didn't know
8 I've had it / I have had it since I got 15 went ... She needed or She’d
living / have you been up.
6 Did you have needed / She had needed ... she'd
7 Have you seen 9 He's been training / He has been been sitting / she had been sitting
8 was she wearing
9 Have you been waiting / Have you training very hard for it. 9
3 used to drive
been here 7 4 was driving
10 does it take 1 I haven't seen 5 were working
11 Have you ridden / Have you ridden 6 used to have
2 You look /You're looking 7 was living
on / Have you been on 3 are you going 8 was playing
12 Have you (ever) been 4 are you meeting 9 used to play
5 I'm going 10 was wearing
4
2 've known each other / have known 6 Do you often go 10
7 are you going
each other or ’ve been friends / 8 I’m meeting 2 I'm going to the dentist.
have been friends 3 No, we’re going to hire a car.
3 I’ve ever had / I've ever been on / 9 has been 4 I'll look after the children.
I've had for ages (etc.) 10 I've been waiting 5 I'm having lunch with Sue.
4 He went / He went home / He went 6 What are you going to have? / What
out / He left 11 has just started /just started
5 I've worn it 12 is she getting are you having?
6 I was playing 7 I'll turn on the light.
7 been swimming for 13 Does she like 8 I'm going to turn on the light.
8 since I've been / since I (last) went 14 she thinks
9 did you buy /did you get 15 Are you working
16 spoke
368
17 you were working

18 went
19 I started / I'd started

20 I lost
21 you haven't had

22 I've had
23 have you seen
24 has he been
25 (saw

11 14 Key to Additional exercises
2 I’ll come 2 I've had /1 have had
3 shall we meet 3 1bought or 1got 11 should have been warned
4 starts 4 I'll come / 1will come or I'll be / 12 might not have been feeling/might
5 I'll meet
6 I'm seeing 1will be not have felt
7 Shall I ask 5 I've been / 1have been or
8 I'll see 18
9 are going I’ve eaten / 1have eaten
10 does the film start 6 1used to play 3 could rain / might rain
11 Are you meeting 7 1haven't been waiting or 4 might have gone / could have gone
12 I'll be 5 couldn't go
1haven't been here 6 couldn't have seen / can't have seen
12 8 I'd been / 1had been or 1was 7 should get
1 (2) Are you going to do / Are you 9 I'm going /1 am going 8 wouldn't recognise / might not
10 I haven't seen or I haven't
doing recognise
(3) it starts heard from 9 must have heard
(4) you'll enjoy/you're going to 11 I'll have gone / f will have gone or 10 should have turned

enjoy I'll have left / 1will have left 19
(5) it will be / it's going to be
2 (1) you're going 15 4 rings
(2) We're going 2 I’ve been travelling 5 you were
(3) you have 3 I'm beginning 6 it's / it is
(4) I'll send 4 I've seen 7 it was / it were
(5) I’ll get 5 has been 8 it had been
(6) 1get 6 I've met 9 you had
3 (1) I’m having / I'm going to have 7 I left 10 we hadn't had
(2) are coming 8 I stayed or I was staying 11 you'd driven /you had driven or
(3) they’ll have left 9 I'd planned or I was planning
(4) they're 10 I ended up you'd been driving /you had been
(5) I won't be / 1will not be 11 I enjoyed driving
(6) you know 12 I took 12 I didn't read
(7) I'll call 13 met
4 (1) shall we meet 14 I'm staying or I'm going to stay 20
(2) I'll be waiting
(3) you arrive or I'll be staying or I'll stay 2 came
(4) I'll be sitting 15 I continue I'd known / I had known ...
(5) I'll be wearing 16 i'll get wouldn't have disturbed ...
(6) Is Agent 307 coming / Is Agent 17 I'm They’d be /They would be ...
18 I'll let told
307 going to come /Will Agent 19 1know hadn't frightened ...
307 be coming 20 I'm staying wouldn't have attacked
(7) Shall 1bring 21 we're going to visit or we're wouldn't have got / wouldn't have
(8) I'll explain / I'm going to gotten ...
explain visiting I'd had / 1had had
(9) 1see 22 are building or have been building hadn't been / hadn't got / hadn't
(10) I'll try 23 it will be gotten ...
24 I'll be wouldn't have failed or would
13 have passed / 'd have passed
1 I’ll have 16 9 B or C
2 Are you going 2A 10 A or B 21
3 shall I phone 3C 11 A
4 It's going to land 4 B or C 12 C Example answers:
5 it’s / it is 5B 13 A or B 1 I wasn't feeling so tired
6 I’ll miss / I'm going to miss ... 6 A or C 14 B or C 2 I hadn't had so much to do
7 A or C 3 I would have forgotten jane's
you go /you've gone 8C
7 Shall I give ... I give ... birthday
17 4 I'd take a picture of you
will you call 2 shouldn't have eaten 5 I'll take a picture of you
8 does it end 3 must have forgotten 6 you were in trouble
9 I’m going ... is getting 4 needn’t have gone 7 you hadn't taken so long to get
10 I’ll tell ... I'm ... I won't be 5 can't be changed
11 I'm going to have / I'm having 6 may be watching ready
12 she apologises 7 must have been waiting 8 I would have gone to the concert
13 we'll be living / we'll live 8 couldn't have done 9 I might have got the job
14 you finish/you've finished 9 ought to have been 10 you'd eaten lunch
10 would have helped 11 there was less traffic
12 people would go out more

369

Key to Additional exercises 2 I had reserved a hotel room, but 27
when I got to the hotel they told 3 I don't fancy going out.
22 me (that) they had no record of a 4 He tends to forget things.
reservation in my name. 5 Would you mind helping me? /
3 was cancelled When I asked (them) if/whether
4 has been repaired they had any rooms free anyway, Do you mind helping me?
5 is being restored they said (that) they were sorry, 6 Everybody seems to have gone out.
6 It's believed / It is believed but the hotel was full. 7 We're/We are thinking of moving.
7 I’d be sacked /1 would be sacked 8 I was afraid to touch it.
8 It might have been thrown 3 The immigration official asked us 9 He's / He is afraid of being
9 1was taught why we were visiting the country,
10 being arrested / having been and we told him(that) we were on robbed.
holiday. 10 It's/It is not worth seeing.
arrested or 1was arrested Then he wanted to know how long 11 I'm not used to walking so far.
11 Have you ever been arrested we intended to stay and where we 12 She seems to be enjoying herself.
12 are reported ... have been injured would be staying during our visit. 13 He insisted on showing them to me.
14 I'd rather somebody else did it.
23 4 She said (that) she'd phone (us)
from the airport when she arrived 28
3 ‘ve sold / have sold or sold or She said (that) she'll phone (us) 3 I've given up reading newspapers.
4 's been sold / has been sold or v from the airport when she arrives. 4 I'd rather not go out tonight /
No, she said not to come to the
sold airport. .,. stay at home tonight.
5 are made She said (that) she'd take the bus 5 He has trouble sleeping at night.
6 might be stolen or She said (that) she'll take the 6 Do you want me to phone
7 must have been stolen bus.
8 must have taken you this evening?
9 can be solved 5 He wanted to know what my job 7 I came in without anybody/anyone
10 should have Left was and asked (me) how much I
11 is delayed earned, or seeing me / ... without being seen,
12 is being built... is expected He wanted to know what my job is 8 I was accused of being a cheat /
and asked (me) how much I earn.
24 ... so I told him to mind his own ... of cheating.
business and I put the phone down. 9 I'm looking forward to seeing them
Castle Fire
2 was discovered 6 He said (that) he'd be at the again,
3 was injured restaurant at 7.30. 10 What do you advise me to do?
4 be rescued He said (that) he knew where the 11 I'd like to have gone out with
5 are believed to have been destroyed restaurant was. And I told him
6 is not known to phone me if there was any you last night.
Shop robbery problem. 12 I regret not taking your advice /
1 was forced
2 being threatened 7 You just said (that) you weren't ,,. that I didn't take your advice.
3 had been stolen hungry
4 was later found But you said (that) you didn't tike 29
5 had been abandoned bananas. You told me not to buy 2 a foreign country ... the language
6 has been arrested / was arrested any 3 an economist... in the United States
7 is still being questioned
Road delays 26 ... for an investment company
1 is being resurfaced 4 I Love sport, especially tennis ...
2 are asked / are being asked / have 3 changing
4 to change two or three times a week ...
been asked 5 change not a very good player
3 is expected 6 being 5 for dinner... after work ... to the
4 will be closed / is going to be closed 7 saying cinema
5 will be diverted / is going to be 8 to call 6 When unemployment is ... for
9 drinking people to find work .... a big problem
diverted 10 to be 7 an accident... going home ... taken
Accident 11 to see to hospital / taken to the hospital ...
1 was taken 12 to be I think most accidents ... by people
2 was allowed 13 to think ... making driving
3 was blocked 14 living ... to move 8 the name of the hotel... The
4 be diverted 15 to be ... playing Ambassador... in Queen Street in
5 have been killed 16 being stopped ... stealing the city centre ... near the station
9 The older one ... a pilot with British
25 driving Airways ... The younger one ... at
17 work ... pressing school ... he leaves school... go to
1 I told her (that) Paul had gone out university ... study law
and I didn't know when he'd be
back.
! asked (her) if/whether she
wanted to leave a message, but
she said (that) she'd try again later.

370

Key to Additional exercises

30 34 37 c
j
2B 1 in 2 h7 b
3C 2 by 3 e8 f
4 A or B 3 at 4 g9 i
5C 4 on 5 a 10
6B 5 in 6 k 11
7 A or C 6 on
8A 7 to a party at Lisa's house 38 8C
9C 8 on 9C
10 B or C 9 on 2D 10 B
11 B 10 to ... to 3B 11 A
12 A 11 in Vienna ... at the age of 35 4B 12 D
13 A or B 12 in this photo ... on the left 5A
14 B 13 to the theatre ... in the front row 6A
14 on the wall ... by the door / next to 7D
31
the door / beside the door 39 8 out with
3 It's the most polluted place ... 15 at 9 up with
4 I was disappointed th at... 16 on 2 out to 10 back on
5 OK 17 in a tower block ... on the fifteenth 3 up with 11 out about
6 Joe works hard, but ... 4 forward to 12 on with
7 ... in a large modern building. floor 5 up with
8 OK (as fast as he can is also correct) 18 on 6 out of
9 I missed the last three days ... 19 by 7 on with
10 OK 20 on the bus ... by car
11 The weather has been unusually cold 21 on ... on 40
22 in
12 The water in the pool was too 23 in Chicago ... to Italy 3 went off
dirty to swim in. 24 to 4 turned up / showed up
25 on 5 fill it in / fill it out
13 ... to wait such a long time, or 6 knocked down / pulled down / torn
.... to wait so long. 35 7 of
8 to down
14 OK 1 for 9 of 7 sorted out
15 ... I got up earlier than usual. 2 at 10 at/by 8 give up
3 to 11 of 9 dozed off /dropped off / nodded off
32 11 in case 4 to 12 about 10 split up / break up
12 in case 5 in 11 put up with it
2 If 13 if 6 with 12 get by/live on
3 when 14 even if 13 went on
4 if 15 Although 14 put it off
5 when 16 Although
6 if 17 When 36 41
7 if 18 when
8 unless 1 of 2 put
9 if 2 after 3 moving
10 as Long as 3 - (no preposition) 4 put
4 about 5 done
33 5 to 6 turned/turns
6 - (no preposition) 7 find
2 on 7 into 8 Calm
3 at 9.30 on Tuesday morning 8 of (about is also possible) 9 set
4 at / on 9 to 10 held
5 on 10 - (no preposition) 11 left / 've left / have left or
6 at 11 on
7 In 12 of missed / 've missed / have missed
8 at 13 of 12 works
9 during 14 - (no preposition) 13 join
10 on Friday ... since then 14 works
15 in 15 drop/call
11 for 16 sort /work
16 at (about is also possible)
12 at 17 on 17 w ent off ... woke me up
13 at the moment ... until Friday
14 by 18 If Alex asks you for money
15 in
19 I apologised to Sarah for keeping ...
20 I thanked her for everything

371

Key to Study Guide

Present and past 6.6 C Relative clauses
6.7 D
1.1 A 12.1 A, C
1.2 B Reported speech 12.2 A, B
1.3 C 12.3 C
1.4 B, C 7.1 A 12.4 B
1.5 C 7.2 B 12.5 D
1.6 A 7.3 A 12.6 B,C

Present perfect and past Questions and auxiliary verbs Adjectives and adverbs

2.1 B 8.1 C 13.1 B
2.2 C 8.2 A 13.2 C
2.3 A 8.3 D 13.3 B, C
2.4 C 8.4 A 13.4 A
2.5 A 8.5 B 13.5 A, D
2.6 B 13.6 B
2.7 A -ing and to ... 13.7 B,C
2.8 D 13.8 C
2.9 A 9.1 A 13.9 C
2.10 A 9.2 B, D 13.10 B,C
2.11 C 9.3 B 13.11 D
2.12 A 9.4 A 13.12 A, B
2.13 C 9.5 A 13.13 B
2.14 C 9.6 A 13.14 D
2.15 D 9.7 C 13.15 D
2.16 C 9.8 D
9.9 C Conjunctions and prepositions
Future 9.10 C
9.11 B 14.1 A, D
3.1 B 9.12 C,D 14.2 C
3.2 A 9.13 B, D 14.3 B, C
3.3 C 9.14 B 14.4 B, D
3.4 A, C 9.15 A, B 14.5 B
3.5 B 9.16 A 14.6 C,D
3.6 C 9.17 A 14.7 B, C
3.7 A 9.18 B, C 14.8 A

Modals Articles and nouns Prepositions

4.1 A, B 10.1 B 15.1 B, D
4.2 B 10.2 A 15.2 A
4.3 A, C, D 10.3 B, C 15.3 C
4.4 C 10.4 B 15.4 B
4.5 B 10.5 C 15.5 A
4.6 C,D 10.6 A 15.6 B, D
4.7 B 10.7 A 15.7 B
4.8 A, C 10.8 A 15.8 B
4.9 B, C 10.9 D 15.9 C
4.10 A, B, D 10.10 C
4.11 A 10.11 C 15.10 c
4.12 D, E 10.12 A 15.11 c
4.13 A 10.13 C
10.14 B 15.12 A
If and wish
Pronouns and determiners 15.13 c
5.1 B
5.2 C 11.1 A 15.14 B
5.3 B 15.15 D
5.4 D 11.2 B 15.16 D
5.5 A 11.3 D 15.17 A
11.4 B
Passive 11.5 B Phrasal verbs
11.6 C
6.1 C 11.7 A, C 16.1 B
6.2 B 11.8 C 16.2 A
6.3 D 11.9 D 16.3 D
6.4 A 11.10 A, C 16.4 C
6.5 A, B 11.11 B 16.5 C
16.6 B
16.7 A
16.8 A, D
16.9 B

372

Index

The numbers in the index are unit American English Appendix 7 attitude (to/towards) 129D
numbers, not page numbers. an see a auxiliary verbs (see also modal verbs)
angry (about/with/for) 130B
a/an 69-72 annoyed (about/with/for) 130B in questions 49A-B
a/an and the 72, 73B answer in short answers etc. 51
a tittle /a few 87D in question tags 52
a/an with quite and pretty 104B an answer to something 129D avoid (+-ing) 53, 56A
such a/an 102 to answer a question (no preposition) aware (of) 131B
aw ay (verb +away) 137,145
able (be able to) 26 132B
about any 69C, 85-86 back
in/at/on the back 124D
adjective +about 130,131B any and some 85 verb +back 145
verb +about 133-134 anybody/anyone/anything/ anywhere
accuse (of) 62B, 135A bad (at) 131C
active and passive 42 85-86 baggage (uncountable noun) 70B
adjectives 98-101 not... any 86 because (of) 113B-C
adjectives +to ... 65-66 any and no 86D bed (in bed/ to bed) 74C, 124A, 126A
the +adjective 76B any (of) 88 been to 8A, 126A
adjectives ending in -ing and -ed 98 any and either 89D
order of adjectives 99 any +comparatives 106B been to and gone to 7C
adjectives after verbs 99C any more / any longer 111B before
adjectives and adverbs 100-101 apologise (to somebody for) 62,132A,
comparatives 105-107 before + present simple 25A
superlatives 108 135B before +-ing 60B
adjectives + preposition 130-131 apostrophe (in short forms) begin (+-ing or to...) 56C
adm it (+ -ing) 53, 56A beginning (at the beginning) 122B
advantage (of/in/to) 60A, 129B Appendix 5 being (he is and he is being) 4E
adverbs apostrophe s (’s) 81 believe (in) 136A
adjectives and adverbs 100-101 appear (+ to...) 54C believed (it is believed...) 45A
comparatives 105B apply (for) 133B better 105C
position of adverbs with the verb approve (of+ -ing) 62A, 135A had better 35A-B
aren't I? (question tag) 52D between (noun + between) 129E
(always, also etc.) 110 arrange (+ to...) 54A, 56A blame 135B
advice (uncountable noun) 70B arrive (in/at) 126B bored
advise (+ to ... and -ing) 55C articles (a/an/the) 69-78 bored and boring 98
afford (+ to ...) 54A, 56A bored with 130C
afraid (of) 131A a/an 69-72 born (I was bom ...) 44C
a/an and the 72, 73B both (of) 89
I'm afraid so/not 51D the 72-78 both... and 89C
afraid to do and afraid of doing 66A school / the school etc. 74 both and all 89D
after children / the children etc. 75 position of both 110D
after + present simple / present perfect the with names 77-78 bother (+ -ing or to ...) 56C
as 107,116-118 bottom (at the bottom) 124C
25A-8 as soon as 25A-B bound (bound to do) 65E
as... as (in comparative sentences) 107 bread (uncountable) 70B
after +-ing 60B, 68C as long as 115B break
lookafter 133D as (= at the same time as) 116A break into 136B
ago 12B as and when 116 breakdown 137A,142D
agree (+ to ,..) 54A, 56A as (= because) 116B break up 144D
all 88, 90 as and like 117 busy (busy doing something) 63D
all and all the 75B, 88B as if / as though 118 by 120,128
all (of) 88 ashamed (of) 131A by after the passive 42B, 128C
all and both 89D ask by (+-ing) 60B
all, every and whole 90 ask in passive sentences 44A by myself /yourself etc. 83D
position of all 110D ask (somebody) to do something 48D, by (the time) 120
alleged (it is alleged...) 45A by and until 120B
allow (+to... and -ing) 55C, 66D 55A by chance / by post etc. 128A
already 111D ask how/what +to ... 54D by car / by bus etc. 128B
already with the present perfect 7D ask somebody (no preposition) 132B a play by Shakespeare etc. 128C
position of already 110 ask (somebody) for 133B adjective +by 130C
also (position of also) 110 astonished (at/by) 130C
although 113 at 373
always at (time) 121
I always do and I'm always doing 3B at the end and in the end 122B
position of always 110 at (position) 123-5
amazed at the age o f... 127D
amazed +to ... 65C adjectives +at 130C, 131C
amazed at/by 130C verbs +at 132

Index I wish I could 41C enough 103
could I/you... ? 37 envious (of) 131A
can 26 could and other modal verbs even 112
can I/you ... ? 37
can and other modal verbs Appendix 4 position of even 110
Appendix 4 countable and uncountable nouns even if/when 112D
eventhough 112D.113E
can't (cannot) 26, 28 69-70 ever (with the present perfect) 8A
can't help 57C crash (into) 136B every 90
critical (of) 131A every and all 90
capable (of) 131B crowded (with) 131C everybody/everyone/everything 90A-C
care (care about, care for, take care of) every and each 91
damage (uncountable noun) 70B everyone and every one 91D
133C damage to 129D excited (about) 130B
carry exclam ations (W h at...!) 71A-B
dare 54B excuse (for) 62B
carry on 53B, 141A decide expect
carryout 139C I expect so / 1don't expect so 51D
case (in case) 114 decide +to... 54, 56A expect +to ... 55A
causative have (have something done) decide against + -ing 62A expected (it is expected that) 45A
delighted (with) 130B experience (countable or uncountable
46 demand
cause (of) 129B demand +should 34A-B noun) 70A
certain a demandfor 129A explain 54D, 132A
deny (+ -ing) 53, 56A
certain (+to ...) 65E depend (on) 135D fail (+ to...) 54A, 56A, 66D
certain of/about 131B dependent (on) 131C fairly 104
cheque (by cheque) 128A depressed (and depressing) 98 famous (for) 131C
church (church/thechurch) 74B deserve (+ to ...) 54A, 56A fancy (+ -ing) 53A, 56A
claim (+ to...) 54C despite 113 far
clauses did (in past simple questions and
when and //"clauses 25 far/further/farther 105C
//clauses 38-40 negatives) 5C far+ comparative 106A
-ing clauses 68, 97 die (of) 135A f a s t i 01B
relative clauses 92-96 difference (between) 129E fed up (with) 60A, 130C
collide (with) 136C different (from/to) 131C feel
com paratives 105-107 difficulty (have difficulty +-ing) 63C how doyou feel and how areyou feeling
comparatives with even 112C direct speech and reported speech
complain (to somebody about/of...) 4D
47-48, 50B feel like 62A
134D disappointed feel +adjective 99C, 100B
compound nouns (a tennis ball, a few 69C, 87
disappointed +to... 65C few and a few 87C-D
headache etc.) 80 disappointed and disappointing 98 few (of) 88
concentrate (on) 136E disappointed with 130B finish
conditional sentences (//sentences) discuss (no preposition) 133A finish +-ing 53
divide (into) 136B finish off 141C
if I do... 25C do/does (in present simple questions first
if I do and if I did 38 it's the first time I'v e ... 8D
if I knew, if I were etc. 39 and negatives) 2C the first/last/next +to ... 65D
if I had known, if I had been etc. 40 do up 144D the first two days 99D
unless 115A down (verb +down) 137,142 fond (of) 131A
as long as 115B dream for
providing/provided 115B for with the present perfect 8B, 9B,
congratulate (on) 62B, 135D dream of +-ing 62A, 66D
connection (with/between) 129E dream about/of 134C 11-12
conscious (of) 131B during 119 for and since 12A
consider (+ -ing) 53, 56A for and to ... (purpose) 64C, 103C
consist (of) 135A each (of) 91 for and during 119
contact (with/between) 129E each other 82C noun +for 129A
continue (+ to ... or -ing) 56C adjective +for 130D, 131C
continuous tenses see present -ed clauses 97 verb +for 133,135B
either (of) 89 forget (+ to ...) 54, 56A
continuous, past continuous forgive (for) 135B
verbs not used in continuous not... either 51C frightened (of) 131A
either... or 89C from
tenses 4A, 6E, 10D, 16E, 17A either and any 89D adjective +from 131C
contractions (short forms) elder 106E verb +from 135C
eldest 108C
Appendix 5 encourage (+ to ...) 55B
corner (in/at/on the comer) 124E end
could 26, 27, 29C in the end and at the end 122B
at the end (position) 124C
could and was able to 26D endup 143E
could (do) and could have (done) 27 enjoy (+ -ing) 53A, 54A, 56A, 58A
couldn't have (done) 27E, 28B
could in //sentences 38C, 39E, 40D

374

front (in/at/on the front) 124D had Index
full (of) 131B had done (past perfect) 15
furious (about/with/for) 130B had been doing (past perfect in
furniture (uncountable noun) 70B continuous) 16 /rt(time) 121
further 105C had (past of have) 17 in time and on time 122A
future 19-25, Appendix 3 if I'd known / /wish I'd known 40 in the end and at the end 122B
in (position) 123-126
present tenses for the future 19 had better 35A-B in/of after a superlative 108D
going to 20 hair (countable or uncountable noun) in (other uses) 127A, 129C
will 21-22 adjective +in 131C
will and shall 21D, 22D 70A verb +in 136A, 137,138
will and going to 23 half (of) 88 in and into 138A
will be doing (future continuous) 24 happen (to) 136D
will have done (future perfect) 24 happy (happy about/with) 130B in case 114
future with when, if etc. 25,114A, hard 101B-C increase (in) 129C
hardly 101C-D infinitive (to be, to play etc.) 54-59,
115C, 119B hate
64-67
generous (+ preposition) 130A hate doing / to do 58 passive infinitive (to be done) 43A-B
geographical names with and without would hate 58B-C infinitive in reported speech 48D
have/has 17 verbs + infinitive 54-59
the 71 have done (present perfect) 7-14 continuous infinitive (to be doing) 54C
gerund see -ing have been -ing (present perfect perfect infinitive (to have done) 54C,
get
continuous) 9-10 58C
get in the passive 44D have and have got 17 infinitive after a question word 54D
get something done 46C have breakfast / have a bath etc. 17C verbs +object + infinitive 55
get someone to do something 55B I ’m having, we're having etc. 17C verbs +infinitive or -ing 55-58
get used to 61 have to (and must) 31 fo-infinitive and to + -ing 60C
get + adjective 99C have got to 31D infinitive for purpose (I went out to post
get to (a place) 126B have something done 46
get in/out/on/off 126D, 138A having (done) 53D, 68C a letter) 64
get by 137A hear adjectives +infinitive 65-66
get out of 138C with the present simple or can 4C infinitive without to
get on 137A, 141B hear someone do/doing 67 after make and let 55D
get away (with) 145B hear of/about/from 134A see/hear somebody do 67
get back to 145C help information (uncountable noun) 70B
give help +to... 55A -ing [being, playing etc.) 53, 55-63
give in passive sentences 44A can't help 57C being (done) (passive) 44B
give up 53B, 143E home 74C, 125A, 126C verbs +-ing 53, 55-59
give out 139C hope having (done) 53D, 68C
giveaway 145B hope + present simple 22B verbs +-ing or to ... 55-58
glad (+ to ...) 65C hope and wish 41A prepositions +-ing 60, 66
I hope so / 1hope not 51D to +-ing and fo-infinitive 60C
go hope +to... 54A, 56A used to +-ing 61
hospital (hospital / the hospital) 74B, verbs + preposition +-ing 62, 66D
go swimming/shopping etc. 63E expressions +-ing 63
go on holiday / on a trip etc. 127C 125A go swimming / go shopping etc. 63E
goon 53B, HOB, 141A American English Appendix 7 see/hear somebody doing 67
go on doing and go on to do 56B how about (+-ing) 60A -ing clauses 68, 97
go out 139A how long ... ? (+ present perfect) 11-12 insist
go off 140D, 141C how Long is it since ... ? 12C insist +should 34A-B
going to 20, Appendix 3 insist on 62A, 136E
going to and will 23 if 25, 38-40 in spite of 60A, 113
was/were going to 20D if I do... 25C instead of (+ -ing) 60A
gone to and been to 7C if I do and if I did 38 intend (+ to ... or -ing) 56C
good if I knew, if I were etc. 39 interested (in) 60A, 131C
good at 60A, 131C if I had known, if I had been etc. 40 interested in doing and interested to do
good of someone to do something, (be) if and when 25D
if +should 34E 66B
good to someone 130A if any 85C interested and interesting 98
good and well 101A even if 112D into 126D
it's no good (+-ing) 63A if and in case 114B verb +into 136B
got (have got) 17A, 31D as if 118 in and into 138A
gotten (American English) invitation (to) 129D
if (= whether) 50 invite
Appendix 7 imagine (+ -ing) 53, 56A invite +to ... 55B
guess (I guess so) 51D impressed (with/by) 130C invite somebody to something 136D

375

Index make negative questions 49D
make somebody do something 55D no, none and any 86
irregular verbs 5B, Appendix 1 make up 143E, 144A negative short forms
it and there 84
it's no good / it's no use (+ -ing) 63A manage (+ to ...) 26D, 54A, 56A Appendix 5.3
it's time... 35C many (and much) 69C, 87 neither (of) 89
it's worth (+ -ing) 63B
many (of) 88 neither am I, neither do I etc. 51C
jealous (of) 131A married (to) 131C neither... nor 89C
just may 29-30 neither and none 89D
never
just with the present perfect 70 may as welt 30D never with the present perfect 8A
just in case 114A may I... 7 37B-C position of never 110
just as 116A may and other modal verbs news (uncountable noun) 70B, 79B
just in time 122A nice (nice of someone to do something /
Appendix 4
keen (on) 131C mean (adjective - mean ofsomeone to be nice to someone) 65B,130A
keep no
do something / be mean to someone)
keep on 53, 56A, 141A 65B no and none (of) 86A, 88
keep up (with...) 143A means (noun) 79B no and any 86
keep away (from ...) 145B might 29-30 nobody/no-one/nothing/nowhere 86B
kind (kind ofsomeone to do something / might in //sentences 30B, 38C, 40D no with comparatives 106B
might as welt 30D no longer 111B
be kind to someone) 656,130a might and other modal verbs none
know (how/what etc. +to ...) 54D Appendix 4 none (of) and no 86A, 88
mind (+ -ing) S3, 56A, 58A-B none and neither 89D
late and lately 101B doyou mind if ... ? 37C nor
laugh (at) 132C mine/yours etc. (a friend of mine/yours) noram /, nor do I etc. 51C
learn (how) (+ to ...) 54, 56A 83A neither... nor 89C
leave modal verbs (will, can, must etc.) 21-22, nouns
26-37, Appendix 4 countable and uncountable 69-70
leave for 133B more singular and plural 69,71,79
leave something out 138C more in comparatives 105 noun +-noun (compound nouns) 80
less 107A not... anymore 111B
Let most of
let somebody do something 55D most + noun 75A of and's 81
letdown 142D most (of) 88 alt of / none of / most of etc. 88, 96B
like (verb) most in superlatives 108 both of / neither of / either of 89, 96B
like doing / to do 58 much (and many) 69C, 87 a friend of mine/yours etc. 83A
would like 37E, 55A, 58B-C much (of) 88 of/in after a superlative 108D
like (preposition/conjunction) much +comparative 106A noun +of 129B
like and as 117 must adjective +of 130A, 131A-B
like and as if 118 must and can't 28 verb +of 134,135A
likely (+ to...) 65E, 84B must and have to 31
listen (to) 132A mustn't 31C, 32A off (verb +off) 137,140-141
little 69C, 87 must and should 33A offer
little and a little 87C-D must and other modal verbs
little (of) 88 Appendix 4 offer in passive sentences 44A
a little + comparative 106A myself/yourself etc. (reflexive offer +to... 54A, 56A
live (on) 135D pronouns) 82 on
long by myself/ byyourself etc. 83 D on (time) 121
as long as 115B on time and in time 122A
no longer / not... any longer 111B names with and without the 77-78 on (position) 123-125
look nationality words with the 76C on a bus /on a train etc. 125E
you look and you're looking 4D need on (other uses) 127B-C
look forward to 60C, 62A, 137B adjective +on 131C
took+ adjective 99C, 100B need to do and need doing 57B verb + on 135D, 136E, 137 140-141
look as if 118 a needfor 129A one another 82C
look at 132C needn't 32 only (position of only) 110
look for/after 133D needn't have (done) and didn't need to ought to 33D
lookup 144D ought and other modal verbs
lot (a lot / lots) 87A-B (do) 32D
quite a lot 104B needn't and other modal verbs Appendix 4
a lot +comparative 106A out
love Appendix 4
love doing / to do 58 American English Appendix 7 out of 126D
would love 58B-C negative verb +out 137-139
be/fall in love with 127A present simple 2C outand out of 138A
Luck (uncountable noun) 708 past simple 5C own
luggage (uncountable noun) 70B my own house /your own car 83B-C
on my own / onyour own etc. 83D
376

Index

paper (countable and uncountable) 70A verb +in/out 138-139 present perfect (simple) (I have done)
participle clauses (-ing and -ed clauses) verb + on/off 140-141 7-8
verb +up/down 142-144
68, 97 verb +away/back 145 present perfect with this morning
passive 42-44 plan (+ to...) 54A, 56A today etc. 8C, 14B
pleased
passive and active 42A pleased +to ... 65C present perfect simple and continuous
by after the passive 42B pleased with 130B 10-11
simple tenses 42C plenty (of) 87A
to be done/cleaned etc. (infinitive) plural and singular 69,71,79 present perfect with how long, for and
they/them/their used for somebody/ since 11-12
43A-B
perfect tenses 43C nobody etc. 85E, 86C, 90C present perfect and past simple 12-14
continuous tenses 43D spelling of plural nouns present perfect and past perfect 15B
being (done) 44B present perfect after when 25B
get 44D Appendix 6 present perfect passive 43C
it is said that 45A point present perfect after a superlative
past (see also past continuous, past
there’s no point in +-ing 63A 108E
perfect and past simple) point (something) at 132C American English Appendix 7
past after//and wish 38-40 point out 139C present perfect continuous (I have
past after I'd rather 59D police (plural) 79C
past after it's time 35C polite been doing) 9-10
past after as if 118D polite of someone to do something / be present perfect continuous and present
present and past tenses
polite to someone 130A continuous 9C
Appendix 2 postpone (+ -ing) 53, 56A present perfect continuous and simple
past continuous (I was doing) 6 prefer 59
10-11
past continuous and past simple 6C-D would prefer 55A, 58B-C, 59B
past continuous and used to 18E prefer (one thing) to (another) 59A, present perfect continuous and past
past continuous passive 43D
past perfect (simple) (lhaddone) 15 60C, 136D perfect continuous 16C
past perfect and present perfect 158 prepositions 121-136 present simple (I do)
past perfect and past simple 15C
past perfect after if 40 for and since 12A present simple and present continuous
past perfect passive 43C in questions 49C 3-4
past perfect continuous (I had been prepositions ■+-ing 60, 66
verbs +prepositions +-ing 62, 66D present simple for the future 19B
doing) 16 prepositions in relative clauses 93C, present simple after when and if 25,
past simple (I did) 5
96A Appendix 3
past simple and past continuous 6C-D in/of after a superlative 108D present simple passive 42C
past simple and present perfect 12-14 like and as 117 pretend (+ to ...) 54C
past simple and past perfect 15C for and during 119 pretty (pretty good, pretty often etc.)
past simple passive 42C by 120,128
pay by and until 120B 104
pay in passive sentences 44A at/on/in (time) 121-122 prevent (from) 62B, 66D
pay (somebody) for something 135B on time and in time 122A prison (prison / the prison) 74B, 125A
payback 145C at the end and in the end 122B
people 79D at/on/in (position) 123-125 probably
perfect see present perfect, past to/at/in/into 126 probably +will 228
in/at/on (other uses) 127 position of probably 110
perfect by car / by bus etc. 1288
perfect infinitive (to have done) noun + preposition 129 problem (have a problem +-ing) 63C
adjectives + preposition 130-31 progress (uncountable noun) 70B
43B (passive), 54C, 58C verbs + preposition 132-136 progressive tenses see continuous
persuade (+ to ...) 55B phrasal verb + preposition 137B promise
phone present see present continuous,
promise (+will/would) 36B
on the phone 127B present simple, present perfect promise +to ... 54A, 56A
phone somebody (no preposition) 132B present tenses for the future 19, protect (from) 135C
phone back 145C proud (of) 131A
photograph Appendix 3 provide (with) 136C
in a photograph 124A present and past tenses provided/providing 115B
a photograph ofsomeone 129B purpose
phrasal verbs (breakdown / get on etc.) Appendix 2 to ... for purpose 64
present continuous (lam doing) 1 on purpose 127B
137-145 put
phrasal verbs: General points 137 present continuous and present simple putout 139A
phrasal verbs + preposition (runaway 3-4 put off 53B, 140,141C
puton 140
from etc.) 137B am/is/are being 4E put up/down 142A
position of object (turn the light on / present continuous for the future 19, put up with 144D
put away 145B
turn it on etc.) 137C 20B, Appendix 3
present continuous passive 43D

377

Index sea (sea / the sea) 74D sorry
search (for) 133B sorry +to... 65C
questions 49-50 see sorry to do and sorry for/about doing
present simple questions 2C, 49B 66C
past simple questions 5C, 49B with the present simple or can 4C sorry about/for 130D
negative questions 49D see someone do/doing 67 feel sorry for 130D
embedded questions (Doyou know see off 1400
what... ?) 50A seem sound
reported questions SOB seem +to... 54C sound +adjective 99C
question tags 52 seem +adjective 99C sound as if 118
-self (myself/yourself etc.) 82, 83D
quite 104 series 79B space (space and a space) 73B
shall and will 22D speak (to) 132A
rather shall I/we? 21D species 79B
would rather 59C Let's ..., shall we? 52D spelling Appendix 6
I'd ratheryou did something 59D shall and other modal verbs spend (spend money) 63 D, 136E
rather cold / rather nice etc. 104 spite (in spite of) 113
Appendix 4 start (start +to ... or -ing) 56C
reason (for) 129A American English Appendix 7 state verbs (like, know, belong etc.) 4A,
recommend 34A-B shocked
reflexive pronouns (myself,yourself shocked and shocking 98 6E, 10D, 16E, 17A
shocked at/by 130C still 111
etc.) 82 short (of) 131B
by myself/yourself etc. 83D short forms (I'm, you've, didn't etc.) still andyet 111C
refuse (+ to ...) 54A, 56A stop
regret (+ -ing and to ...) 53D, 56B Appendix 5
regular and irregular verbs should 33-34 stop + -ing 53, 56A
stop someone (from) +-ing 53C, 62B,
Appendix 1 should and had better 35B
relationship (with/between) 129E should and other modal verbs 66D
relative clauses 92-96 stupid (stupid ofsomeone to do
Appendix 4
relative clauses as object 93 shout (at/to) 132D something) 65B, 130A
prepositions in relative clauses 93C show subjunctive 34B
two types of relative clause 95
relative pronouns 92-96 show in passive sentences 44A American English Appendix 7
who 92-96 show someone how/what +to ... 54D succeed (in +-ing) 62A, 66D, 136A
which 92-93, 95-96 show off 141C such
that 92-94 show up 143E
that and what 92D similar (to) 131C such and so 102
whose 94A, 95B simple past see past simple such as 117A
whom 94B, 95B, 96A-B simple present see present simple suffer (from) 135C
where 94C, 95B since suggest
of whom / of which 96B with present perfect 8B, 9B, 11-12 suggest +should 34A-C, 55B
rely (on) 135D since and for 12A suggest +-ing 53, 54A, 56A
remember how long is it since... ? 12C superlative (longest/best etc.) 108
remember +to ... and -ing 56B since (=because) 116B suppose (I suppose so/not) 51D
remember how/what +to ... 54D singular and plural 69,71,79 supposed (He is supposed to ...) 45B
remind they/them/their used for somebody/ sure
remind +to ... 55B sure +to ... 65E, 84B
remind of/about 134E nobody etc. 85E, 86C, 90C sure of/about 131B
reported speech 47-48 slightly (+■comparative) 106A surprised
reported questions SOB sm ell surprised +to ... 65C
responsible (for) 131C surprised and surprising 98
rise (in) 129C with the present simple and can 4C surprised at/by 130C
risk (+ -ing) 53, 56A smell something (burn)ing 67D suspect (of) 62B, 135A
room (countable or uncountable noun) smelt +adjective 99C suspicious (of) 131A
so
70A so am I, so do I etc. 51C tags (question tags) 52
I think so, I hope so etc. 51D take
's (apostrophe s) 81, Appendix 5.1 sofhat(purpose) 64D
said (it is said that) 45A so and such 102 take care of 133C
same (the same as) 73A, 107C so +adjective +that 102B take somebody in 138B
satisfied so long as 115B takeoff 140
solution (to) 129D takedown 142A
satisfied and satisfying 98 some 69(1,71, 85 take up 143
satisfied with 130B some with countable nouns 71 talk
say some and any 85 talk to somebody 132A
say and tell 48C somebody/someone/something/ talk about something 62A, 133A
say(+ to...) 48D taste
scared (of) 131A somewhere 85 with the present simple or can 4C
scenery (uncountable noun) 70B some (of) 88 taste +adjective 99C
school (school / the school) 74A soon (as soon as) 25A-B

378

Index

teach to 126 was/we re 5D
teach in passive sentences 44A to +-ing 60C was/were -ing (past continuous) 6
teach somebody how to do something noun +to 129D was/were going to 20D
54D adjective + to 130A, 131C was/were able to 26D
teach +to... 55B verb +to 132,136D was and were in if sentences 39C

telephone see phone too and enough 103 w aste (waste time +-ing) 63D
tell top (at the top) 124C w eather (uncountable noun) 70B
translate (from/into) 136B w e ll 101A
tell in passive sentences 44A travel (uncountable noun) 70B were (used with l/he/she/it) 39C, 118D
tell and say 48C trouble (have trouble doing something)
tell someone to do something 48D, 55B what
tell someone what to do 54D 63C what in questions 49
tell off 141C try what... for? 64C
tem poral clauses (when clauses) 25 W hat...! (exclamations) 71A-B
tend (+to ...) 54C try +to ... or -ing 57A what and that (relative clauses) 92D,
than 105,107 tryout 139C 93D
thank (for) 62B, 132B, 135B try on 140C what and which (relative clauses) 96C
that turn
said that 47B turn out 139 when
in relative clauses 92-94 turn on/off 137C, 140A when +present simple / present perfect
the 72-78 turn up 142A, 143E 25
the and a/an 72, 73B turn down 142 when and if 25D
the sea, the sky etc. 73B two-word verbs see phrasal verbs when + -ing 68B
the cinema, the theatre etc. 73C typical (of) 131B even when 112D
school / the school 74 when and as 116
children / the children 75 uncountable nouns 69-70
the +adjective (theyoung etc.) 76B understand (how/what +to ...) 54D where (in relative clauses) 94C, 95C
the +nationality words (the French university (university / the university) w heth er 50
which
etc.) 76C 74B
f/7ewith geographical names 77 unless 115A which in questions 49
the with streets, buildings etc. 78 until (or till) which in relative clauses 92-93, 95-96
the... the... (with comparatives) 106D all/none/some of which 96B
the + superlative (the oldest etc.) 108B until + present simple / present perfect while
there (and it) 84 25A-B while + present simple / present perfect
there's no point in ... 63A
there will/must/should etc. 84B until and by 120B 25A
there is +-ing or -ed 97D up (verb + up) 137,142-144 while +-ing 68B
they/them /their (used for somebody/ upset (about) 130B while and during 119B
use (it's no use +-ing) 63A who
anybody/nobody/ everybody) used who in questions 49
85E, 86C, 90C who in relative clauses 92-96
used to do 18 who and whose in relative clauses 94A
think be/get used to 61 who and whom in relative clauses 94B
I think and I'm thinking 4B I am used to doing and I used to do 18F, whole 90D-E
I think so, I don't think so 51D on the whole 127B
think of +-ing 54A, 62A, 66D 61D whom
think about and think of 134B usually (position of usually) 110 in questions 49C
in relative clauses 94B, 96A-B
though 113E verbs see also present, past, future, all/none/some of whom 96B
a5 though 118 passive etc. whose (in relative clauses) 94A, 95C
even though 112D, 113E why
verbs not used in continuous tenses why isn't/didn't (etc.) ... ? 49D
threaten (+ to...) 54A, 56A 4A, 6E.10D, 16E, 17A why in relative clauses 94E
throw w ill 21-22
list of irregular verbs willyou? 21C-D, 37A
throw to/at 132D Appendix 1.4 will and shall 21D, 22D
throwaway 137C, 145B wilt and going to 23
till see until present and past tenses will be doing (future continuous) 24
time Appendix 2 will have done (future perfect) 24
it's the first time I'v e ... 8D will in if and when sentences 25,115C
it's time ... 35C verbs +-ing and verbs +to ... will and would 36B, Appendix 4
countable or uncountable noun 70A (infinitive) 53-59 will in the passive 43A
on time and in time 122A Don't... .w illyou? 52D
tired verbs + preposition 62,132-136 will and other future forms
tired and tiring 98 phrasal verbs [break down / get on etc.)
tired of 130C Appendix 3
to + infinitive (to be/to do etc.) see 137-145 will and other modal verbs

infinitive w ait (for) 133B Appendix 4
w ant (+ to...) 55A, 66D
warn

warn someone (not) to do something
55B

warn someone of/about something
134F

379

Index

wish 41
I wish I knew etc. 39,41
I wish I'd known etc. 40C, 41
wish and hope 41A
wish... would 41D

with
noun +with 129E
adjective +with 130B-C, 131C
verb + with 136C

without (+ -ing) 60B
won't (= will not) 21-22
word order

have something done 46
questions 49
negative questions 49D
embedded questions (Doyou know

what... ?) 50A
reported questions 50B
order of adjectives 99
verb and object together 109A
place and time 109B
position of adverbs with the verb (also,

always etc.) 110
word order with phrasal verbs (turnon

the light, turn it on etc.) 137C
work

uncountable noun 70B, 74C
workout 139B
worried (about) 130B
worse 105C
worst 108A
worth (it's worth +-ing) 63B
would 36
would and will 36B
wouldyou... ? 37A
wouldyou like? I'd like 37E
would in //sentences 38-40
wish... would 41D
would like/love/hate/prefer +to ... 55A,

58B-C
would prefer 58B, 59B
would rather 59C-D
would and other modal verbs

Appendix 4
write

write to 132B
writedown 142D
yet
yet and st/7/ 111C
yet + present perfect 7D

380

Grammar words

This a list of words used in the explanations in this book.

active and passive

Many verbs can be active or passive. For example, build:
My grandfather built this house, (active)
This house was built by my grandfather, (passive)

The active sentence begins with My grandfather (the subject). This sentence tells us something
about my grandfather and what he did (he built this house).
The passive sentence begins with This house (the subject). This sentence tells us something about
the house (it was built by my grandfather).

Passive forms are be + past participle. Compare:

active passive

I can't repair it. It can't b e re p a ire d .

Somebody stole my wallet. My wallet w a s s to le n .

Have they cleaned the room? Has the room b e e n c le a n e d ?

See Units 42-44.

adjective

An adjective is a word that tells us about somebody or something. Nice, tall, hungry, foreign and interesting
are all adjectives.

Adjectives go before a noun:

a n ic e day f o r e ig n languages

or after some verbs (be, get, seem, look, taste etc.)

she's t a l l this looks in t e r e s t in g

See Units 98-101, 65, 76 and 130-131.

adverb

Adverbs often end in -ly, for example:

slowly really fortunately

These -ly adverbs often tell us how somebody does something:

quietly carefully safely

Other adverbs do not end in -ly. Many of these adverbs tell us where, when or how often something
happens. Here,yesterday and always are all adverbs.

Some adverbs (for example very, really and absolutely) are used with adjectives:

v e r y sorry r e a lly nice a b s o lu t e ly enormous

See Units 100,101 and 110.

1

apostrophe

We use an apostrophe (') instead of the missing letter(s) in a short form;

I'm (= lam ) you've (=you have) didn't (= did not)

We also use an apostrophe +s (-'s) to show possession:

Rachel's car my sister's friends the cat's tail

See Unit 81 and Appendix 5,

article

A/an and the are articles. Articles are a type of determiner.
See Units 71-78.

auxiliary verb

We use auxiliary verbs together with other verbs:

we a r e going the plane h a s landed I c a n 't help d o you know

In these examples, going, landed, help and know are the main verbs. Are, has, can and do are auxiliary verbs.

See Units 51-52.

clause

A clause is a whole sentence or a part of a sentence. There is always a verb in a clause. Examples of clauses:
I'm tired, (one clause, one sentence)
I'm tired and I want to go home, (two clauses, one sentence)
I was tired when I got home, (two clauses, one sentence)
Although I was tired, I went out, which wasn't a good idea. (three clauses, one sentence)

Some clauses begin with a participle (talking/standing/injured/stolen etc.):
Who were those people standing outside your office?

See Units 68 and 92-97.

comparative and superlative

Adjectives and adverbs have comparative and superlative forms.

The comparative form is -er or more ...:

old -» older important -> more important

The superlative form is -est or most... :
old —*■oldest important —* most important

See Units 105-108.

conjunction

A conjunction is a word that joins clauses. For example, in the following sentences but and if are conjunctions:
We were hungry, b u t there was nothing to eat.
I f she gets thejob, she'll be really happy.

Other conjunctions are and, so, or, when, because, although and that.

See Units 25, 38-40 and 113-120.

2

contraction see short form

I a m w o rk in g present continuous
I w a s w o rk in g past continuous
present perfect continuous
I h a v e b e e n w o rk in g past perfect continuous
continuous infinitive (= future continuous)
I h a d b e e n w o rk in g continuous infinitive
perfect continuous infinitive
I will b e w o r k in g to + continuous infinitive
I might b e w o rk in g
I might h a v e b e e n w o r k in g
I pretended to b e w o r k in g

See Units 1, 3-4, 6 , 9-12,16,19, 24 and 54.

countable and uncountable see noun

determiner

These words are determiners:
a, an, the (articles)
my,your, his, her, its, our, their (possess!ves)

We use a determiner with a noun:

th e a irp o rt y o u r new c a r m y best f r ie n d

The following words are determiners too (used with a noun), but they can also be pronouns
(used without a noun):

this, that, these, those
some, any, no, all
many, much, few, little
both, either, neither, each

For example:
I like th is j a c k e t (determiner)
I like th is, (pronoun)

See Units 71-78 and 85-91.

direct speech and reported speech

When we use direct speech, we use the words of the speaker. For example:
Paul went home early. He said I'm n o t f e e lin g g o o d .'

When we use reported (or indirect) speech, we change I'm not to he wasn't:
Paul went home early. He said h e w a s n 't f e e lin g g o o d .

See Units 47-48.

future

To talk about the future, we use present tenses (/leave, I'm leaving etc.), will or (be) going to.
See Units 19-25 and Appendix 3.

3

infinitive

The infinitive form of a verb is the form without any extra ending (the form you will find when you look
in a dictionary). Sometimes this is called 'the base form'. So understand, dance and stay are infinitive forms:

He doesn't u n d e rs ta n d .
Let's d a n c e .
We can't s t a y here.

The infinitive is often used with to:
It's hard t o u n d e rs ta n d .
I'm not going to d a n c e .
We don't want to s t a y here.

irregular verb see regular and irregular verbs

modal verb

The following are modal verbs: shall should may might must ought
can could will would

These verbs are followed by the infinitive (can see, should go, must work etc.).

See Units 21-41.

negative

The negative form is verb +not: I'm n o t, he d id n o t (d id n ’t), they c a n n o t (c a n 't ) etc.

noun

A noun is a word for somebody or something. In the sentence
My f r ie n d plays te n n is most w e e k e n d s ,

friend, tennis and weekends are nouns.
A noun can be countable (friend/banana/weekend) or uncountable (tennis/water/electricity).
A countable noun can be singular (friend/banana/weekend) or plural (friends/bananas/weekends).
See Units 69-71.

object see subject and object

participle see present participle and past participle

p a s s iv e see active and passive

past see tense

4

past participle

The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed (cleaned\ danced[ played etc.).
IrreguLar verbs have different endings, for example lost, broken, done.

We use the past participle for perfect forms (have cleanedhad done etc.) and passive forms (is cleaned' was
broken etc.).

See also Units 7, 42, 97 and Appendix 1

perfect

Perfect verb forms are have + past participle. For example:

she h a s g o n e present perfect

she h a d g o n e past perfect

she must h a v e g o n e perfect infinitive

she will h a v e g o n e perfect infinitive (= future perfect)

she would like to h a v e g o n e to + perfect infinitive

Perfect forms can also be continuous: I have been waiting / 1had been waiting / 1must have been waiting etc.

See Units 7-16, 24, 27-29, 33, 36, 40, 43, 45, 53-54 and 58.

phrasal verb

A phrasal verb is a verb +in/out/on/off/up/down/away/back etc. These words are sometimes
called particles (a type of adverb). For example:

get on take off come back break down keep up

Sometimes phrasal verbs are used for movement and direction:
C o a w a y and don't c o m e b a c k !
I to o k my shoes o f f

But often they have a special meaning. For example:
My brother and I don't g e t o n very well. (= we don't have a good relationship)
There are a few problems I need to s o r t o u t. (= I need to solve)

Sometimes there is a preposition after a phrasal verb:
I don't get on w ith my brother.

Here, get on is a phrasal verb and with is a preposition.

See Units 137-145.

plural see singular and plural

preposition

Some examples of prepositions:
at, in, on, to, of, for, with, by, from, during

Prepositions are usually followed by a noun or pronoun:
I don't like going out a t n ig h t.
They live in a s m a ll v illa g e .
What's the name o f th is s t r e e t ?
This isf o r y o u .

Sometimes (for example, in questions), there is a preposition at the end of a sentence:
What areyou looking f o r ?

See Units 121-136.

5

p r e s e n t see tense

present participle

The present participle ends in -ing (going, dancing, thinking etc.).
We use the present participle for continuous forms of the verb (I'm going, they were dancing etc.).
We also use participles in sentences like:

Joe hurt his knee p la y in g football.
See Units 68 and 97.

pronoun

These words are pronouns:
I/me,you, he/him, she/her, we/us, they/them, it (personal pronouns)
mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs (possessive pronouns)
myself/yourself/themselves etc. (reflexive pronouns)

Other pronouns include:
someone/nobody/everything etc.
this/that/these/those

See Units 82-91. See also relative pronouns and determiners.

question tag

A question tag is a ‘mini-question' that we sometimes put on the end of a sentence:
You haven’t seen Kate, h a v e y o u ?
There was a lot of traffic, w a s n ’t t h e r e ?

See also Unit 52.

regular and irregular verbs

The past simple and past participle of regular verbs are the same and end in -ed. For example:
I w o r k e d (past simple)
I have w o rk e d (past participle used with have)
Tom p a in t e d the room, (past simple)
The room will be p a in te d , (past participle used in the passive)

The past simple and past participle of irregular verbs are sometimes the same and sometimes different.
But they do not end in -ed. For example:

I lo s t (past simple)
I have lo s t (past participle with have)
Somebody s t o le my phone, (past simple)
My phone was s to le n , (past participle used in the passive)
See Appendix 1.

6

relative clause

A relative clause gives information about something or somebody. Relative clauses often begin
with relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that):

An architect is a person who designs buildings.
Grace works fora company that makes furniture.

See Units 92-96.

relative pronoun see relative clause

sentence

A sentence has one or more clauses. (two clauses)
My phone rang, (one cla use)
My phone rang, so I answered it. (two clauses)
If my phone rings, can you answer it forme, please?

A sentence begins with a capital letter (A, B, C etc.) and ends with a full stop (.).

short form (or contraction)

In spoken English, we usually say I'm /you've / didn't etc. These are short forms or contractions.
The full forms are I am /you have / did not.
When we write short forms, we use an apostrophe (') for the missing letters.

See Appendix 5.

singular and plural

A singular form is used for one person or thing. For example: flower, school, child.

A plural form is used for more than one person or thing. For example: flowers, schools, children.

Verbs sometimes have different forms for singular and plural. For example:
Where does she live? (singular)
Where do they live? (plural)

See Units 71 and 79.

subject and object

fn the following sentences, Tom is the subject:
Tom is eating an apple,
Tom saw Helen.
Tom plays football.

After the subject, there is a verb (is eating, saw, plays) and an object (an apple, Helen, football).
The object is what he's eating, who he saw, what he plays.

The subject normally goes before the verb (Tom is eating), and the object goes after the verb
(eating an apple). In questions, the verb usually goes before the subject - see Unit 49A.

Some verbs (for example give, show, buy) can have two objects. For example:
Helen bought her mother a present.

Her mother is the indirect object (= the receiver) and a present is the direct object (what Helen bought).

See Units 42, 44A, 46B, 49, 55, 93, 94B, 95B and 137C.

7

subjunctive

The subjunctive has the same form as the infinitive: do, be, eat, play etc. You can use the
subjunctive after insist, recommend, suggest etc. You can also use should:

I insisted that he apologise.
I insisted that he should apologise.

See Unit 34.

superlative see comparative

syllable

A syllable is a part of a word. For example, the word remember has three syllables: re-mem-ber.

tense

A tense is a verb form that shows time. English verbs have two main tenses, present and past.

Present and past tenses can be simple or continuous, For example:

present past
I walk (present simple) I walked (past simple)
I am walking (present continuous) I was walking (past continuous)

All of these can also be perfect (with have): I had walked (past perfect simple)
I have walked (present perfect simple) I had been walking (past perfect continuous)
I have been walking (present perfect continuous)

See Units 1-18 and Appendix Z.

uncountable see noun

verb

A verb is a word for an action (go, eat, work), a happening (rain, find, die) or a state (be, know, want).
In the sentence

Tom is hungry and wants something to eat.
is, wants and eat are all verbs.

Verbs have four or five different forms. For example:

infinitive (or base form) + 5 + ing (present participle) past simple past participle

work works working worked worked
buy buys buying bought bought
eat eats eating ate eaten

word order

Word order is the way words go together in a sentence. For example, we say:
a modern building (not a building modern)
I don't know where she is. (not I don't know where is she)
She always walks to work, (not She walks always)

See Units 49-50, 99, 109-110 and 137.

8