FIZ4107 Assignment 2 - All Posters1

NUR SYAFIQAH SYAHMIMIE BINTI AUGUSTINE S50569

RAMAN VS FTIR
SPECTROSCOPIES

Similarities and Differences

RRAAMMAANN FFTTIIRR
SSPPEECCTTRROOSSCCOOPPYY SSPPEECCTTRROOSSCCOOPPYY

Raman is a light scattering technique, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,
whereby a molecule scatters incident light also known as FTIR Analysis or FTIR
from a high intensity laser light source. it is
Spectroscopy, is an analytical technique
known as a non-destructive chemical used to identify organic, polymeric, and, in
analysis technique which provides detailed some cases, inorganic materials. The FTIR
information about chemical structure, phase analysis method uses infrared light to scan
and polymorphy, crystallinity and molecular
interactions. It is based upon the interaction test samples and observe chemical
properties.
of light with the chemical bonds within a
material.

SIMILARITIES

Both Raman and FTIR spectroscopies Both methods are lab-proven, precise
can be used with microscopic optical technologies offering distinct
techniques, where they identify light advantages in specific applications.
colored samples. When used together, they provide a
In both, the instruments acquire a broader range of unknown substance
spectral fingerprint of an unknown identification—and better protection for
substance, and then compare the the responder and the community
collected fingerprint against a reference
library.

DIFFERENCES

Raman is suitable for aqueous solutions FTIR spectroscopy is suitable for
and point-and-shoot through semi- coloured and fluorescent samples
translucent containers an absorption spectroscopy technique,
a vibrational spectroscopy technique where mid-infrared light is passed
where a single wavelength laser is through the sample
focused on a sample Specific molecular bonds absorb a
a highly effective method for reliable specific amount of energy and these
identification of an unknown substance losses of energy correspond to the peaks
based on its underlying chemistry returned in an analysis.
provides outstanding and easily
firstDefender RMX interpretable results for many
substances

TruDefender FTX

REFERENCES

https://www.horiba.com/en_en/raman-imaging-and-
spectroscopy/#:~:text=Raman%20Spectroscopy%20is%20a%20non,chemical%20bonds%20

within%20a%20material.
https://rtilab.com/techniques/ftir-analysis/
https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-raman-and-ftir-

spectroscopy-advantages-and-
limitations/#:~:text=Raman%20spectroscopy%20measures%20relative%20frequencies,espe

cially%20OH%20stretching%20in%20water.

#Assignment2

Raman vs FTIR
Spectroscopies

CHE FATIMAH NADIA BINTI CHE JUSOH (S51064)

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

A non-destructive chemical analysis technique which
provides detailed information about chemical structure,
phase and polymorphy, crystallinity and molecular
interactions. It is based upon the interaction of light with the
chemical bonds within a material.

FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption
or emission of a solid, liquid or gas. An FTIR spectrometer
simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a
wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a
dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a
narrow range of wavelengths at a time.

DIFFERENCES & SIMILARITY

FTIR measures how much light is the remaining energy
from the original light source after being passed through

the substance. In comparison, Raman measures the
energy that is scattered after being excited by a laser.

Both identify light-colored samples. FTIR & Raman serve
as complementary and confirmatory analysis for many

samples.

REFERENCES

Edinburgh Instruments Ltd., Kirkton Campus, Livingston. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from the edinst
website: https://www.edinst.com/us/techniques/raman-spectroscopy/

Fabris, H. J., & Knauss, W. G. (1989). 5 - Synthetic Polymer Adhesives. Comprehensive Polymer Science
and Supplements,1989(7), 131-177. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-096701-1.00208-1

Olutayo, I., Olubiyi., Lu, F. K., Calligaris, D., Ferenc, A., Jolesz, & Agar, N. Y. (2015). Chapter 17 -
Advances in Molecular Imaging for Surgery. Image-Guided Neurosurgery, 407-439. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-
12-800870-6.00017-0

Retrieved January 5, 2021, from the Horiba website: https://www.horiba.com/en_en/raman-
imaging-and-spectroscopy

ThermoFisher. (2018). Complementary Technologies for Chemical and Explosives Identification.
Raman and FTIR spectroscopy.

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Retrieved from
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy

#ASSIGNMENT2

Raman vs FTIR spectroscopy

Presented by : NOOR SHAZWANI BINTI ABAS
(S51112)

Raman spectroscopy and FTIR
spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is an inelastic scattering
phenomenon the probes molecular vibrations to
provide a molecular fingerprint of materials.
FTIR) is a form of vibrational spectroscopy that relies on
the absorbance, transmittance or reflectance of infrared
light. Using this method, light is absorbed in different
amounts in a sample at distinct frequencies which
correspond to the vibrational frequencies of the bonds in
the sample.

DIFFERENCES

Raman spectroscopy depends on a change in
polarizability of a molecule, whereas IR spectroscopy
depends on a change in the dipole moment. Raman
spectroscopy measures relative frequencies at which
a sample scatters radiation, unlike IR spectroscopy
which measures absolute frequencies at which a
sample absorbs radiation.

SIMILARITIES

Both identify light-colored samples. FTIR &
Raman serve as complementary and
confirmatory analysis for many samples.

.

REFERENCES

1. Edinburgh Instruments Ltd., Kirkton Campus, Livingston. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from the edinst website:
https://www.edinst.com/us/techniques/raman-spectroscopy/

2. Fabris, H. J., & Knauss, W. G. (1989). 5 - Synthetic Polymer Adhesives. Comprehensive Polymer Science and
Supplements,1989(7), 131-177. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-096701-1.00208-1

3. Olutayo, I., Olubiyi., Lu, F. K., Calligaris, D., Ferenc, A., Jolesz, & Agar, N. Y. (2015). Chapter 17 -Advances in Molecular
Imaging for Surgery. Image-Guided Neurosurgery, 407-439. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800870-6.00017-0. Retrieved January 5,
2021, from the Horiba website: https://www.horiba.com/en_en/ramanimaging-and-spectroscopy

Raman vs FTIR Nurafifa Ruqayyah Binti Rushdan
Spectroscopies
S51368

Raman Fourier Transform
Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR)
Is a non - destructive chemical analysis technique Analytical technique to
Provide detailed information about chemical identify organic,
structure, phase and polymorphy, crystallinity and polymeric and inorganic
molecular interaction. materials
Light scattering technique Use infrared light to scan
Stokes Raman spectrum: The frequency of the test samples and observe
scattered radiation is lower than the frequency of chemical properties
the incident radiation
Anti - Stokes Raman spectrum: The frequency of FTIR
the scattered radiation is higher than the
frequency of the incident radiation Spectroscopy

Differences

Raman Spectroscopy depends on a change in polarizability of a molecule, while FTIR
Spectroscopy depends on a change in the dipole mment
Raman Spectroscopy measures relative frequency where a sample scatters radiation,
while FTIR Spectroscopy measure absolute frequency at which a sample absorbs
radiation
Raman Spectroscopy is sensitive to homo - nuclear molecular bonds, while FTIR
Spectroscopy is sensitive to hetero - nuclear functional group vibrations and polar
bonds

Similarities

Both methods can be used with microscopic techniques
Both techniques interact with phonons
Both techniques based on interaction of electromagnetic waves with the
lattice waves
Both techniques are unable to measure dispersion of phonons

Horiba : What is Raman Spectroscopy? Retrieved from https://www.horiba.com/en_en/raman-imaging-and-spectroscopy
RTI Laboratories : FTIR Analysis. Retrieved from https://rtilab.com/techniques/ftir-analysis/
Geteway Analytical : Comprison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy : Advantages and Limitations. Retrieved from
https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-raman-and-ftir-spectroscopy-advantages-and-limitations

RAMAN VS. FTIR

SPECTROSCOPIES

Similarities and Differences

Introduction

Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are referred to as vibrational
spectroscopy. VS enables the creation of specific fingerprint spectra due
to the interaction between electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in infrared
regions with biomedical samples. These are widely used for the study of
various sample states (solid, liquid, and semi-solid).It provides highly
detailed information on target compounds that enable the identification
of analytes through structural and biochemical diversity.
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman have been introduced
and are popular with dispersive instruments. Owing to the interaction of
the electric dipole moment of the molecule bands with infrared radiation,
FTIR spectroscopy measures the absorption, reflection, or transmission
of EMR in the mid-infrared.The FT-Raman spectrum identified the
connection between the intensity of the scattered light relative to the 1/λ
of the incident laser excitation. Both techniques are ideal for analytical
applications, especially for the analysis of multiple biomarkers in
biomedical applications.

Similarities Differences

Raman spectroscopy measures relative frequencies at In IR, the electrons are excited to have higher energy
which the sample disperses radiation, unlike IR levels until they fall to the original ground level state.
spectroscopy, which measures absolute frequencies at The wavelength that gets spread or reemitted is
which the sample absorbs radiation. FTIR spectroscopy, therefore the same wavelength as the original source
especially OH stretching in water, is sensitive to of monochromatic light. It's called elastic dispersion.
hetero-nuclear functional group vibrations and polar There is one more scattering to be included in the
bonds. contrast, which is Rayleigh scattering, similar to IR,
Rayleigh often excites electrons, but it excites them to
an unobservable quantum state called a virtual state.
It's also an elastic dispersion. The excitation is
assymetrical in Raman scattering. Inelastic scattering
is what it is called.

REFERENCES DZAFIRAH BINTI DZULKARNAIN
s51697
1. Kizil, R., Irudayaraj, J., & Seetharaman, K. (2002). Characterization of irradiated starches by
using FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 50(14),
3912-3918.

2.Paradkar, M. M., Sakhamuri, S., & Irudayaraj, J. (2002). Comparison of FTIR, FT‐Raman, and
NIR spectroscopy in a maple syrup adulteration study. Journal of food science, 67(6), 2009-
2015.

RAMFATNIRSSPPEECCTTROORSSCCOOPPYYVS

FTIR SPECTROSCOPY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

FTIR is an absorption spectroscopy technique, Raman is a vibrational spectroscopy technique
where mid-infrared light is passed through the where a single wavelength laser is focused on a

sample. Some wavelengths may be sample. The laser excites the bonds of a
absorbed while others merely pass through the molecule, which generates measurable
scattered light to identify the material
sample unaffected. Specific molecular bonds in question. Raman is a highly effective method
absorb a specific amount of energy and these losses for reliable identification of an unknown
substance based on its underlying chemistry
of energy correspond to the peaks returned in an
analysis. FTIR

absorptions provide outstanding and easily
interpretable results for many
substances

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF There are three types of scattered lights:
RAMAN AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY Rayleigh scattering, Stokes scattering,

Raman FTIR and anti-stokes scattering. Rayleigh scattering
Spectroscopy Spectroscopy is elastic scattering where there is no energy
exchange between the incident light and the
Both detect photons emitted molecule. Stokes scattering happens when
there is an energy absorption from the incident
Both can be used with microscopic light, while anti-stokes scattering happens
techniques
when the molecule emites energy to the
Analysis of Analysis of incident light.
scattered light of absorption of
the vibrating the vibrating REFERENCES
molecules
molecules Vibration active if Anonymous (2020, March 09). Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy:
Vibration active if Advantages and Limitations. Retrieved January 03An, 2021, from
it https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-
it cause a change in raman-and-ftir-spectroscopy-advantages-and-limitations/
cause a change in the dipole moment during Deepak, D., Saurabh, D., & Rajshree, D. (2015, June 26). What are the differences
between Raman and IR Spectroscopy?
polarizability the Retrieved January 03, 2021, from https://lab-training.com/2015/06/26/what-
are-the-differences-between-raman-and-ir-spectroscopy/
Water can be used vibration occurs Krstić, M., & Ražić, S.(2018). Analytical Approaches to the Characterization of
as a solvent Water Solid Drug DeliverySystems with Porous Adsorbent Carriers. Current Medicinal
Chemistry, 25(33),
cannot be used as a 3956-3972. doi:10.2174/0929867325666180212120908
solvent due to intense

absorption

IRDINA SYAFINAZ BINTI MOHD NORSHAM (S51803)

SITI NURAISAH BT SARIFUDIN (S52027)
ATOMIC PHYSICS (FIZ4107)

LECTURER'S NAME: DR. KHADIJAH HILMUN KAMARUDIN

Q1: Give brief introduction to Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR)
SPECTROSCOPY
Molecular spectroscopic technique that utilizes the
interaction of light with matter to gain insight into a Analytical technique used to identify organic,
polymeric, and, in some cases, inorganic materials
material's make up or characteristics

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY PRINCIPLE FTIR SPECTROSCOPY PRINCIPLE

When light interacts with molecules in a gas, liquid, or Based around the infrared spectroscopy (IR)
solid, the vast majority of the photons are dispersed or concept, or the absorbance (and emission) of
scattered at the same energy as the incident photons. This long wavelength light directed at a sample.
is described as elastic scattering, or Rayleigh scattering. IR can be used to detect specific functional
A small number of these photons, approximately 1 photon groups in chemical compounds, or to measure
in 10 million will scatter at a different frequency than the sample purity and the presence of specific
incident photon. This process is called inelastic scattering, impurities by way of unique absorbance spectra.
or the Raman effect.

Q3: Find the differences between Raman Q2: Find the similarities between Raman
and FTIR spectroscopies and FTIR spectroscopies

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RAMAN AND FTIR SIMILARITIES BETWEEN RAMAN AND FTIR
SPECTROSCOPIES SPECTROSCOPIES

FTIR Raman Both Raman and FTIR spectrocopies can
provide high-resolution chemical information
Conditions for Changes in the dipole moment Changes in polarizability in biological, materials, and remote
Non-polar bonds including applications.
Raman/FTIR activation C-C double bond and triple Both techniques produce distinct yet
complementary information, which can be
(selectian rules) bonds including aromatic used to determine chemical purity (FTIR) and
rings structural distribution of chemical species
Molecular bond Strong polar bonds including (Raman microscopy), among many other uses.
sensitivities hydroxyl (OH), carbonyl (CO) Both techniques allow simple, rapid, non-
destructive, specific, providing fingerprint
and amide bonds spectra, and real-time analytical method for
analysis of molecules in different states.
SNR Generally higher SNR in Weaker Raman cross-section
similar timescales of biological material results REFERENCES

in lower SNR for normal Exline, D. (2013). Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy:
Raman spectra Advantages and Limitations. Luettu, 27, 2018.

Sample preparation Optimal thickness Little contact and destruction, Kendall, C., Isabelle, M., Bazant-Hegemark, F., Hutchings, J., Orr,
(transmission mode) or water does not disturb L., Babrah, J., ... & Stone, N. (2009). Vibrational spectroscopy: a
sample contact (ATR) may be measurement clinical tool for cancer diagnostics. Analyst, 134(6), 1029-1045.

necessary

Water Strong water absorption and In vivo applications possible
CO2 contribution to spectrum due to weak scattering of
water

Sample thickness Spectra from thick samples Point spectra can be obtained Johnston, C. T., & Aochi, Y. O. (1996). Fourier transform infrared
(>15 micrometer) can cause from thick sections (>15 and Raman spectroscopy. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3
Chemical Methods, 5, 269-321.
spectral saturation micrometer) or bulk samples. Rohman, A., Windarsih, A., Lukitaningsih, E., Rafi, M., Betania, K., &
1--2- micrometer sections for Fadzillah, N. A. (2020). The use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in
combination with chemometrics for analysis of biomolecules in
mapping biomedical fluids: A review. Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging,
(Preprint), 1-17.

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY VS FTIR
SPECTROSCOPY

SITI NUR IZZATI BINTI MAZLAN (S52046)

Raman spectroscopy was discovered by C. V. Raman in FT-IR stands for Fourier Transform Infrared,
1928 the preferred method of infrared
It is a spectroscopic technique used to observe spectroscopy.
vibration , rotational, and other low-frequency modes In infrared spectroscopy, IR radiation is passed
in a system. through a sample. Some of the infrared
Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to radiation is absorbed by the sample and some
provide a fingerprint by which molecules can be of it is passed through (transmitted).
identified. The resulting spectrum represents the
When the radiation pass through the transparent molecular absorption and transmission,
medium the species present scatter a fraction of the creating a molecular fingerprint of the sample.
beam in all direction Like a fingerprint no two unique molecular
Raman scattering result from the same type of the structures produce the same infrared
quantities vibration changed associated with IR spectrum. This makes infrared spectroscopy
spectra useful for several types of analysis
The difference in wavelength in between the incident
and scattered visible radiation correspond to wave
length in mid IR region

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RAMAN SIMILARITIES BETWEEN RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
SPECTROSCOPY
BOTH METHODS CAN BE USED WITH MICROSCOPIC
SOURCE (ATKINSON, 2016) TECHNIQUES
BOTH ARE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY

REFERENCES
ARPITPANDYA. (2013, SEPTEMBER 13). FTIR. RETRIEVED JANUARY 2, 2021, FROM SLIDESHARE:
HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/ARPITPANDYA7/EVALUATION-SEMINAR-MPA
ATKINSON, E. (2016, FEBRUARY 26). RAMAN INSTRUMENTATION. RETRIEVED JANUARY 2, 2021, FROM
SLIDESHARE: HTTPS://SLIDEPLAYER.COM/SLIDE/5740369/
BAVISHI, B. (2015, NOVEMBER 2). RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. RETRIEVED JANUARY 2, 2021, FROM
SLIDESHARE: HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/BHAUMIKBAVISHI/RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY-54641528
EXLINE, D. (2013, OCTOBER 9). COMPARISON OF RAMAN AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY: ADVANTAGES AND
LIMITATIONS. RETRIEVED JANUARY 2, 2021, FROMGATEWAYANALYTICAL:HTTPS://WWW.GATEWAY
ANALYTICAL.COM/RESOURCES/PUBLICATIONS/COMPARISON-RAMAN-AND-FTIRSPECTROSCOPY
ADVANTAGES-ANDLIMITATIONS/#:~:TEXT=FOURIER%20TRANSFORM%20INFRARED%
20SPECTROSCOPY%20(FTIR,OR%20REFLECTANCE%20OF%20INFRARED%20LIGHT.&TEXT=RAMAN%20SPECT
ROSCOPY%2

RAMAN FTIR

SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPY

- A spectroscopic technique used to detect INTRODUCTION - (FTIR) is an analytical technique used to identify
vibrational, rational, and other states in a organic and inorganic materials.
molecular system. - Measures the absorption of infrared radiation by
- Permits the quantitative and qualitative the sample material versus wavelength.
analysis of the individual compound. - The infrared absorption bands identify molecular
components and structures.

OPERATIONS

--When light interacts with molecules in a gas, liquid, or solid, the vast majority of the - When IR radiation is passed through a sample, some radiation is absorbed by the
photons are dispersed or scattered at the same energy as the incident photons. This sample and some passes through (is transmitted).
is described as elastic scattering or Rayleigh scattering. -FTIR relies on the fact that most molecules absorb light in the infra-red region of the
-A small number of these photons, approximately 1 photon in 10 million will scatter electromagnetic spectrum.
at a different frequency than the incident photon. This process is called inelastic -This absorption corresponds specifically to the bonds present in the molecule. The
scattering, or the Raman effect. frequency range is measured as wave numbers typically over the range 4000-600 cm-1.
-Raman has been utilized for a vast array of applications from medical diagnostics -The background emission spectrum of the IR source is first recorded, followed by the
to material science and reaction analysis. emission spectrum of the IR source with the sample in place.
-Raman allows the user to collect the vibrational signature of a molecule, giving -FTIR particularly useful for the identification of organic molecular groups and
insight into how it is put together, as well as how it interacts with other molecules compounds due to the range of functional groups, side chains, and cross-links involved.
around it. -All of which will have characteristic vibrational frequencies in the infra-red range.

APPLICATION -Quality verification of incoming or outgoing materials
-Deformulation of polymers, rubbers, and other materials through
-Raman spectra of inorganic species (the Raman technique is often superior to infrared thermogravimetric infra-red (TGA-IR) or gas chromatography
for spectroscopy investigating inorganic systems because the aqueous solution can be infra-red (GC-IR) analysis.
employed). -Microanalysis of small sections of materials to identify
-Raman spectra of organic species (similar to infrared spectra in that they have regions contaminants.
that are useful for functional group detection and fingerprint regions that permit the -Analysis of thin films and coatings.
identification of specific compounds. -Monitoring of automotive or smokestack emission.
-Quantitative applications (Raman spectra tend to be less cluttered with peaks than -Failure analysis
infrared spectra. As a consequence, the peak overlap in mixtures is less likely, and
quantitative measurements are simpler.
-Biological applications (applied widely for the study of biological systems & include the
small requirement, the minimal sensitivity toward interference by water, the spectral
detail, and the conformational and environment sensitivity).

Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) TYPES OF TECHNIQUE Transmission,
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)

Micro-Raman spectroscopy Specular Reflection
Nonlinear Raman spectroscopic techniques Diffuse Reflectance

DIFFERENCES

Change of polarizability of a molecule Change in the dipole moment

≡Sensitive to homo-nuclear molecular bonds (can distinguish between Sensitive to hetero-nuclear functional group vibrations and polar
C-C, C=C and C C bonds) bonds (OH stretching in water).

Measures relative frequencies at which a sample scatters Measures absolute frequencies at which sample
radiation. absorbs radiation.

Requires little to no sample preparation. Constraints on sample thickness, uniformity and dilution to avoid saturation.

Both aqueous and non-aqueous. Suitable for aqueous solutions.

Not been considered as technically equal or superior Most effective analytical technique for identification of
method for identification or verification purposes. many chemical substances and compounds.

SIMMILARITIES

- Can be used with microscopic techniques ZAFIRAH BST5S2H12A0MSUDIN
- Both identify light-colored samples.

- Spectra of biofluids are complex in nature
- Simple without any excessive sample pre-treatment.

- Non-destructive analytical technique

- Serve as complementary and confirmatory analysis for many samples.

REFERENCES ThermoFisher Scientific. (n.d.). FTIR Applications. Retrieved January 06, 2021, from
https://www.thermofisher.com/my/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-
Rohman, A., Windarsih, A., Lukitaningsih, E., Rafi, M., Betania, K., & Fadzillah, N. (2019, January 01). The use of FTIR and isotopeanalysis/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis-learning-center/molecular-
Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for analysis of biomolecules in biomedical fluids: A  review. spectroscopy-information/ftir-information/ftir-applications.html
Retrieved January 06, 2021, from https://content.iospress.com/articles/biomedical-spectroscopy-and-imaging/bsi200189

Hanke, L. D. (2001). Handbook of Analytical Methods for Materials. United States, America: Materials Bavishi, B. (2015, November 02). Raman spectroscopy. Retrieved January 06, 2021, from
Evaluation and Engineering. https://www.slideshare.net/BhaumikBavishi/raman-spectroscopy-54641528

. ( 5 2 1 6 1 )N U R U L S H A Q Q I N A H B I N T I P R A M L I S
&A T O M I C
MOLECULAR

SPECTRUM

SPECTROSCOPY

,Study of the absorption and emission of light and other radiation by matter as related to
.the dependence of these processes on the wavelength of the radiation

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

A molecular spectroscopic technique that utilizes A technique that is used for measuring the infrared
the interaction of light with matter to gain insight (IR) absorption and emission spectra of most

into a material's make up or characteristics. The materials, with substantial advantages in signal‐to‐
information provided by Raman spectroscopy noise ratio, resolution, speed, and detection limits.
results from a light scattering process. Raman
FTIR spectroscopy show characteristic
spectroscopy yields information about intra- and absorption/emission in the IR spectral region and
inter-molecular vibrations and can provide based on this property they can thus be analyzed
additional understanding about a reaction.
both quantitatively and qualitatively.

SIMILARITIES

Both methods can be used with microscopic
techniques
Both are vibrational spectroscopy
RAMAN and FTIR are the most common
vibrational spectroscopies for assessing
molecular motion and fingerprinting species.

DIFFERENCES It is result of absorption of light by
vibrating molecules.
It is due to the scattering of light by the Vibration is IR active if there is change in
vibrating molecules. dipole moment.
The vibration is RAMAN active if it The vibration concerned should have a
causes a change in polarisability. change in dipole moment due to that
The molecules need not posses a vibration.
permanent dipole moment. Water cannot be used due to its intense
Water can be used as solvent. absorption of IR.

REFERENCES

, ., , ., & , . (2004). . . . , 39(3), 295-363. :10.1081/ -200030192Bacsik Z Mink J
Keresztury G FTIR Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere I Principles and Methods Applied Spectroscopy Reviews doi asr

. , . (2020, 06). . 02, 2021, :// . . / /D Graybeal J
November Spectroscopy Retrieved January from https www britannica com science spectroscopy

- . . (2020, 07). . 02, 2021,Mettler Toledo International Inc all rights reserved
October Raman Spectroscopy Retrieved January from

:// . . / / / / / 1_ _ / - .https www mt com my en home applications L AutoChem Applications Raman Spectroscopy html

MUHAMMAD AIMI ASYRAF BIN AHMAD (S52750)

RAMAN VS. FTIR
SPECTROSCOPY

INTRODUCTION

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is created by
Indian physicist Chandrasekhara Venkata
Raman in 1922, while Fourier-Transform
InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy was first
created in 1957 by PerkinElmer, Inc.

OPERATION

APPLICATION Raman spectroscopy is an inelastic
scattering phenomenon the probes
molecular vibrations to provide a molecular
fingerprint of materials, while FTIR
spectroscopy is a form of vibrational
spectroscopy that relies on the absorbance,
transmittance or reflectance of infrared
light.

Raman is not susceptible to inference from permanent dipole
substances, making it well-suited for macromolecular analysis of
proteins, DNA, RNA, and others. Raman is also non-invasive and non-
destructive, making it highly useful for applications such as biological
tissue imaging using confocal Raman microscopy.
FTIR spectroscopy can be coupled with microscopy, thermal analysis,
gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other techniques to
provide high-resolution chemical analysis from a wide-variety of
sources. The technique can also be miniaturized into handheld FTIR
devices for remote chemical detection.

SIMILARITIES

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to measure zone-center
phonon frequencies.
Both these techniques are based on the interaction of electromagnetic
waves with the lattice waves or phonons.
Both techniques are suitable to probe the internal motions of the
molecules.
Both techniques are unable to measure dispersions of phonons.

DIFFERENCES

RS depends on a change in polarizability of a molecule. FTIR depends
on a change in the dipole moment.
RS measures relative frequencies at which a sample scatters radiation.
FTIR measures absolute frequencies at which a sample absorbs
radiation.
RS is sensitive to homo-nuclear molecular bonds. FTIR is sensitive to
hetero-nuclear functional group vibrations and polar bonds.

REFERENCE

1.Gateway Analytical. (2020, March 9). Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy: Advantages
and Limitations - Gateway Analytical. Gateway Analytical.
https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-raman-and-ftir-
spectroscopy-advantages-and-limitations/

2.Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) versus Raman Spectroscopy. (2018). Labx.com.
https://www.labx.com/resources/fourier-transform-infrared-ftir-versus-raman-
spectroscopy/177

MUHAMMAD ALIF BIN KAMARUL AZMAN FTIR
S54062 SPECTROSCOPY

RAMAN The Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) uses
SPECTROSCOPY infrared light absorption
to identify organic,
is a non-destructive polymeric and inorganic
chemical analysis materials.
technique that uses
inelastic scattering of
photons in the sample

SIMILARITIES

Both are vibrational spectroscopy
Both are the most common vibrational
spectroscopies for assessing molecular

motion and fingerpring species
Routine energy range 200 - 4000 cm-1

DIFFERENCES

Scattering of light by Absorption oflight by
vibrating molecules vibrating molecules
Can use water as Cannot use water due to
solvent its intense absorption
No permanent dipole Have a change in
moment dipole moment
Sample can be in any Gaseous samples can
state rarely be used
Indicate covalent Indicate ionic
character in the character in the
molecule molecule

References Mettler-Toledo International Inc. all rights reserved. (2020, October 07). Raman
Spectroscopy. Retrieved January 06, 2021, from
Deepak, D., Saurabh, D., & Rajshree, D. (2015, June 26). What are the differences https://www.mt.com/my/en/home/applications/L1_AutoChem_Applications/Raman-
between Raman and IR Spectroscopy? Retrieved January 06, 2021, from https://lab- Spectroscopy.html
training.com/2015/06/26/what-are-the-differences-between-raman-and-ir-spectroscopy/

Gateway Analytical. (2020, March 09). Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy:
Advantages and Limitations. Retrieved January 06, 2021, from
https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-raman-and-ftir-
spectroscopy-advantages-and-limitations/

IMAN SYAKIR BIN IBRAHIM S54112

ASSIGNMENT 2 FIZ4107 ATOMIC PHYSICS

RAMAN VS FTIR SPECTROSCOPIES

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

raman spectroscopy will benefit us on a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
detailed information about the refers to a analytical technique used in
chemical structure,crystallinity and order to identify organic,polymeric and
molecular interaction. It also can show inorganic material.
the relation between light and
chemical bonds in a material. Using infrared light to scan and test
sample then can observe properties on it.
Using a scaterring light technique.
Using absorbtion of light to give a output

Both are vibrational spectroscopy
Both can assess molecular motion and fingerprinting species

Both identify light colour sample

DIFFERENCES

Active if having a change in Active if undergo dipole moment
polarizability of a molecule change during vibration
Can use water as solvent Cannot use water as solvent due to
A monochromatic light beam of high intense absorption
intensity laser can be used The range is limited to IR frequencies
Cost of instrumet is very expensive Cost of instrument comparatively
inexpensive

REFERENCES

Analytical, G. (n.d.). Shedding light on the Utility of FTIR vs. Raman spectroscopy - Gateway Analytical. Retrieved from

https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/ website: https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/shedding-light-utility-ftir-

vs-raman-spectroscopy/#:~:text=FTIR%20and%20Raman%20spectroscopy%20are

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) versus Raman Spectroscopy. (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2021, from www.labx.com website:

https://www.labx.com/resources/fourier-transform-infrared-ftir-versus-raman-spectroscopy/177

Abdullah Harith Bin Mohd Kamal S54276

RRAAMMAANN VVSS FFTTIIRR

Spectroscopy

Definition

Raman spectroscopy is non-destructive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
chemical analysis. It provides detailed (FTIR), used to analyze organic, polymeric,
information on chemical structure, phase and sometimes inorganic material. it uses
and polymorph. It is used to identify infrared light to scan samples and observe
molecule by providing a structural its chemical properties.
fingerprint .

Similarities

FTIR and Raman spectroscopy both are
based on molecular vibration.
Both can be used with microscopic
techniques.

Differences

Raman focuses on the scattering of FTIR uses absorption of light and
light, along with the change in depends on a change in dipole
polarizability of a molecule moment
Sensitive to homo-nuclear Sensitive to hetero-nuclear
molecular bonds. functional group and polar bonds

Reference Exline, David. “Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy: Advantages and Limitations - Gateway Analytical.”
Https://Www.Gatewayanalytical.com/, 3 Oct. 2013, . Accessed 6 Jan. 2021.
“Shedding Light on the Utility of FTIR vs. Raman Spectroscopy - Gateway Analytical.” Https://Www.Gatewayanalytical.com/, 25 Mar. 2015,
Accessed 6 Jan. 2021.

Muhammad Yazid bin Mohamad Yasin .R A M A N V S F T I R
S54420
FIZ 4107

SPECTROSCOPIES

Similarities and Differences

What are they?

Raman spectroscopy FTIR spectroscopy

A technique that characterizes inelastic scattering of Fourier transform infrared is the most common
photons in covalently bound molecules. The scattering infrared spectroscopy. A technique used to obtain
photons later define as molecular fingerprint. infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of solid,
liquid, and gas. It collects high spectral resolution data
over a wide spectral range.

Raman spectrocospy interracts with gas, liquid, and solid moleculse. Used to obtain infrared spectrum of absorption from Solid, gas, and liquis
Named after Sir C. V. Raman. Emerged in 1800 by Sir William Herschel.
Used to collect vibrational signature of a molecule. Most infrared instrument based on prism or grating monochromators.

Similarities.

Both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy used to collect information about
molecular bond together with their vibrations by interacting with lights.
Both collect spectroscopic data regarding the identity and structure of
the material.
Both provide information about the molecular structure of either solid,
gas, and liquid.
Combining both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy techniques can yield a
better analysis.

RRAAMMAANN FFTTIIRR EELLEECCTTRROOSSCCOOPPYY
EELLEECCTTRROOSSCCOOPPYY
Analysis via absorption of light by vibrating
Analysis via scattering light particles from molecules.
molecules vibration. Changes in dipole moment indicate infrared active
Changes in polarizability means Raman vibration.
active vibration. The vibration caused changes in dipole moment .
Molecules does not have to pass dipole Water can not be used due to intense absorption
moment. of infrared.
Water can be used as a solvent. Sample preparation needed and gaseous samples
Sample can be in solid, gas, and liquid rarely be used.
form during preparation. Indicates ionic characters in the molecules
Indicates covalent characters in the Relatively cheap instrument.
molecules.
Expensive instrument. Raman Spectroscopy. Retrieved January 07, 2021, from

Reference
Mettler-Toledo International Inc. all rights reserved. (2020, October 07).
https://www.mt.com/gb/en/home/applications/L1_AutoChem_Applications/Raman-Spectroscopy.html

Slavica S. Ražić. (2018, February). Comparison of Raman and IR spectroscopy. Retrieved January 07, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparison-of-Raman-and-IR-
spectroscopy_tbl1_323175872

Schlindwein, S. (2019, September 04). Deciding between FTIR and Raman. Retrieved January 07, 2021, from https://www.opticsblog.bruker.com/deciding-between-ftir-and-
raman/#:~:text=Since%20Raman%20and%20FTIR%20spectroscopy%20have%20some%20basic,vibrations%20by%20making%20the%20sample%20interact%20with%20light.

S54660

Muhammad Irfan Hazim bin Mowardi

Topic 4&5 : Raman vs FTIR Spectroscopies

Raman Spectroscopy FTIR Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy offers detailed knowledge An analytical technique used to distinguish
on chemical composition, phase and polymorphy, organic, polymeric, and, in certain cases,
crystallinity and molecular interactions as a non- inorganic materials is Fourier Transform Infrared
destructive chemical analysis tool. The Spectroscopy, also known as FTIR Spectroscopy.
interaction of light with the chemical bonds To scan research samples and observe chemical
within a substance is dependent on it. properties, the FTIR analysis system uses infrared
light.
Raman spectroscopy
measures a material's When analyzing industrial
chemical composition and materials, FTIR spectroscopy
provides information on: is a proven technique for
quality management and can
Chemical structure also act as the first step in
and identity the process of material
Phase and analysis.
polymorphism
Intrinsic stress/strain While usually a qualitative method for substance
Contamination and recognition, when the chemistry is known and
impurity common reference materials are usable, FTIR analysis
may also be used as a quantitative instrument to
Usually, for a single molecule or substance, a Raman measure particular functional classes. The
spectrum is a separate chemical fingerprint which can absorbance intensity would equate with the amount
be used to classify the material very easily or of functionality present in the sample.
differentiate it from others.
(“ | ,” 2015)FTIR Analysis RTI Laboratories
(“ ? - ,” 2018)What is Raman Spectroscopy
HORIBA

Similarities Differences

Both detect the photon emmited by a Raman is an analysis of scattered light of the
compound. vibrating molecules while FTIR is the analysis
Raman and FTIR are vibrational spectroscopy of the absorption of the vibrating molecules.
Both are non destructive techniques which In Raman water can be used as a solvent but
uses light to figure out the structure of a water can't be used in FTIR due to it's high
compound. rate of absorption.
Both techniques gives a fingerprint of a Raman does not require a specific sample
specific compound as a result. preparation but a specific sample preparation
are needed for FTIR.
Raman is expensive while FTIR is
comparatively cheaper.

References

FTIR Analysis | RTI Laboratories. (2015). Retrieved from Rtilab.com website: https://rtilab.com/techniques/ftir-analysis/
What is Raman Spectroscopy? - HORIBA. (2018). Retrieved from Horiba.com website: https://www.horiba.com/en_en/raman-imaging-and-spectroscopy/

Nadia Binti Umar Ridzuan is an analytical technique used to identify organic,
S55289 polymeric, and, in some cases, inorganic materials.
FIZ4107

A technique used to observe the vibration and rotation
of molecules including other low frequency modes in a

system

A laser interacts with molecular tuTeshsecetshFseiTnamIfmRricapaarlneeladpslrylaoisgnpihdsetromttboieestssehc.rovaden
thveiebxeracntietioergndyst,oopfahtohvnierotpunharoletssotunalstteinbogeriinng
shiftsehdifdtoinwgno.fTeheneerxgcyitgaivtieosn and
informationsmabooduetsthe vibration

Both are vibrational spectroscopy
Both identify coloured-light samples
Both techniques are based on the interaction of electromagnetic waves

Measures the frequencies and intensity of Measures the absorption of light energy remaining
scattered light excited by monochromatic source from the light source after passing through a
substance
Identify type of minerals and biologicalmaterials
in a sample such as argonite Identify chemical bonds in a molecule

Must have a change of polarization of molecules Molecule undergoes dipole moment changes
during the vibration during the vibration

Monochromatic source from near infrared or near Monochromatic source from infrared range
ultraviolet range

Deepak. 2015. What are the differences between Raman and IR Spectroscopy?. Retrieved on January 4th, 2021 at https://lab-training.com/2015/06/26/what-are-the-
differences-between-raman-and-ir-spectroscopy/
Kiefer. W, Laane. J. 1980. Comparison of FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. Springer, Dordrecht. Vol 57. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-
94-009-9070-8_26
Labcompare. (n.d) Infrared Spectroscopy (IR/FTIR). Retrieved on January 5th, 2021 at https://www.labcompare.com/Spectroscopy/165-Infrared-Spectroscopy-IR-FTIR/



MOHAMAD FAIQ HAZIQ BIN HAMDAN (S55899)

ASSIGNMENT 2

RAMAN & FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical
analysis technique which provides detailed information
about chemical structure, phase and polymorphy,
crystallinity and molecular interactions. It is based upon
the interaction of light with the chemical bonds within a
material. It commonly used in chemistry to provide a
structural fingerprint by which molecules can be
identified

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, also
known as FTIR Analysis or FTIR Spectroscopy, is
an analytical technique used to identify organic,
polymeric, and, in some cases, inorganic
materials. The FTIR analysis method uses
infrared light to scan test samples and observe
chemical properties.

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

Both methods can be used with Raman spectroscopy measures relative
microscopic techniques. frequencies at which a sample scatters
Both are based on molecular vibrations. radiation, while FTIR spectroscopy
which measures absolute frequencies at
which a sample absorbs radiation.
FTIR spectroscopy is sensitive to hetero-
nuclear functional group vibrations and
polar bonds, especially OH stretching in
water while Raman is sensitive to homo-
nuclear molecular bonds.

REFERENCES:

What is Raman Spectroscopy? - HORIBA. (n.d.). Retrieved January 06, 2021, from https://www.horiba.com/en_en/raman-
imaging-and-spectroscopy/
FTIR Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved January 06, 2021, from https://rtilab.com/techniques/ftir-analysis/

RAMAN VS FTIR

SPECTROSCOPIES

INTRODUCTION TO RAMAN AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPIES

FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
FTIR specrroscopy is a molecular Spectroscopy that used to make

characterization to organic and inorganic substance. This Spectroscopy is forming
vibration that relies on absorbance of the infrared light. FTIR Spectroscopy is

applying for recognize the air pollution and solvent analyses.

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

This Spectroscopy is a probes of vibration of molecule which is to
serve a molecular fingerprint of materials. Raman spectroscopy have six
types which are Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, Coherent Anti-Stokes

Raman Scattering, Simulated Raman Scattering and Spatially Offset
Raman Spectroscopy. Application of this Spectroscopy is for studying

of system of biological.

2. SIMILARITIES RAMAN AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPI

i) Both spectroscopies are identifying the
coloured samples.

ii) Both spectroscopies using techniques of
microscopic.

iii) Both spectroscopies are used for
confirmation of analysis for many samples.

3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RAMAN AND FTIR REFERENCES
SPECTROSCOPIES.
1) Analytical, Gateway. “Comparison of Raman and FTIR
Spectroscopy: Advantages and Limitations - Gateway Analytical.”

Retrieved from Https://Www.Gatewayanalytical.com/,
www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-

raman-and-ftir-spectroscopy-advantages-and-limitations/.

2)Bhaumik Bavishi. “Raman Spectroscopy.” Slideshare, 2
Nov. 2015, www.slideshare.net/mobile/BhaumikBavishi/raman-

spectroscopy-54641528. Accessed 7 Jan. 2021.

NURUL NASUHA BINTI MOHD ROSDI
S56101

S56469 ATOMFIIZC 4P1H0Y7SICS
LEONG GIA XING

Raman vs. FTIR Spectroscopies

GIVE BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO RAMAN FIND THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN RAMAN AND FOURIER
SPECTROSCOPY AND TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROSCOPIES.
FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

Raman Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis

technique which provides detailed information about chemical

structure, phase and polymorphy, crystallinity and molecular

interactions. It is based upon the interaction of light with the

chemical bonds within a material. Both spectroscopy are very useful tools for measuring zone-center

phonon frequencies. Both these techniques are based on the

interaction of electromagnetic waves with the lattice waves or

phonons. But these techniques are also suitable to probe the

internal motions of the molecules as well. There are selection rules

for Raman scattering and infrared absorption and they are

complimentary and therefore both should be employed to study

the dynamics of molecules and solids. These techniques are

however not unable to measure dispersions of phonons. Neutron

Ftir Spectroscopy spectroscopy should be used for complete investigation of the
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, also known as FTIR dynamics of molecules and solids.

Analysis or FTIR Spectroscopy, is an analytical technique used to

identify organic, polymeric, and, in some cases, inorganic

materials. The FTIR analysis method uses infrared light to scan

test samples and observe chemical properties.

FIND THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RAMAN AND FOURIER
TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROSCOPIES.

Raman spectroscopy measures relative frequencies at which a sample scatters radiation, unlike
IR spectroscopy which measures absolute frequencies at which a sample absorbs radiation.
FTIR spectroscopy is sensitive to hetero-nuclear functional group vibrations and polar bonds,
especially OH stretching in water.

References

Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Principles and Spectral Interpretation By Peter Larkin
Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy By Norman B. Colthup, Lawrence H. Daly, Stephen E. Wiberley
IR and Raman Spectroscopy: Fundamental Processing By Siegfried Wartewig

ASSIGNMENT 2

FIZ 4107 ATOM PHYSICS
EVON CHIENG HUI NGIIK S56796

TS. DR. KHADIJAH HILMUN BINTI KAMARUDIN

SpeRcatmroasncopy SpecFtTroIRscopy

-is an inelastic scattering -is a form of vibrational
phenomenon the probes molecular spectroscopy that relies on the
absorbance, transmittance or
vibrations to provide a molecular
fingerprint of materials. reflectance of infrared light..

SIMILARITY

1.Give high-resolution chemical data in biological, materials, and
remote applications.

2.Produce particular but complementary data, which can be utilized
to decide chemical immaculateness (FTIR) and basic dispersion of
chemical species (Raman microscopy)

DIFFERENCES

1.FTIR spectroscopy depends on a change in the dipole moment while
raman spectroscopy depends on a change in polarizability of a
molecule.

2.FTIR spectroscopy is sensitive to hetero-nuclear functional group
vibrations and polar bonds, especially OH stretching in water. Raman

≡is sensitive to homo-nuclear molecular bonds. For example, it can

distinguish between C-C, C=C and C C bonds.

REFERENCE Exline, D. (2013,
October 09th). Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy: Advantages and
Limitations. Retrieved Jan 3rd, 2021, from Gateway Analytical:
https://www.gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/comparison-raman-and-ftir-spectroscopy-
advantages-and-limitations/



RAMAN VS FTIR MUSTOFA BIN HOSEN

SPECTROSCOPIES S56816

The spectroscopic technique typically used A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum
to determine vibrational modes of of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas.

molecules, although rotational and other An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects
low-frequency modes of systems may also high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral
range. This confers a significant advantage over a
be observed. Raman spectroscopy is
commonly used in chemistry to provide a dispersive spectrometer, which measures
structural fingerprint by which molecules intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a

can be identified. time.

App. App.

Mineral identification and structural characterization. Mineral identification.
Analyses of gemstones and archaeometric objects. Quantitative and quantitative determination of structural
Mineral inclusions. incorporated molecules and defects in minerals.
Speciation & concentration. Speciation & concentration.
Characterization. Information about atoms and their bonds.
Spatial orientation of dipoles.

Similarities

Used for fingerprinting of molecules.
Result due to changes in vibration modes
of the molecule.
Related to the symmetry of molecules
handy tools for measuring zone-centre
phonon frequencies.
Rebased on the interaction of
electromagnetic waves with the lattice
waves or phonons.
Not unable to measure dispersions of
phonons.

It is due to the scattering of light by DIFFERENCE It is the result of absorption of light by
the vibrating molecules. vibrating molecules.
The vibration is Raman active if it Vibration is IR active if there is a
causes a change in polarisability. change in dipole moment.
The molecule need not possess a The vibration concerned should have
permanent dipole moment. a change in dipole moment due to
Water can be used as a solvent. that vibration.
Sample preparation is not very Water cannot be used due to the
elaborate, it can be in any state. intense absorption of IR.
Gives an indication of covalent Sample preparation is elaborate
character in the molecule. Gaseous sample can rarely be used.
Cost of instrumentation is very high Indicates ionic character in the
molecule.
Comparatively inexpensive.

Website https://www.researc https://en.wikipedia.o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ https://www.slidesh https://serc.carleton.e
Reference hgate.net/post/What rg/wiki/Fourier- Raman_spectroscopy#:~:text are.net/BhaumikBa du/NAGTWorkshops/
-are-the-similarities- =Raman)%20is%20a%20spe mineralogy/mineral_p
transform_infrared_s ctroscopic%20technique,whi vishi/raman- hysics/raman_ir.html
between-IR-and- pectroscopy ch%20molecules%20can%2 spectroscopy-
Raman-spectroscopy
0be%20identified. 54641528



FIZ4107
FIZIK ATOM
ASSIGNMENT 2

Name: Chong Mun Fei
Matrix: S59150

Programme: Financial Mathematics

Question 1:
Give brief introduction to Raman spectroscopy and FTIR
spectroscopy.

Raman Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique which
provides detailed information about chemical structure, phase and polymorphy,
crystallinity and molecular interactions. It is based upon the interaction of light
with the chemical bonds within a material.
Raman is a light scattering technique, whereby a molecule scatters incident light
from a high intensity laser light source. Most of the scattered light is at the same
wavelength (or colour) as the laser source and does not provide useful
information – this is called Rayleigh Scatter. However a small amount of light
(typically 0.0000001%) is scattered at different wavelengths (or colour), which
depend on the chemical structure of the analyte – this is called Raman Scatter.

FTIR Spectroscopy
FTIR stands for Fourier transform infrared. FTIR is an effective analytic
instrument for detecting functional group and characterizing covalent bonding
information. FTIR testing identifies chemical compounds in consumer products,
polymers, paints, coatings, pharmaceuticals, foods and other products.



Question 2:

Find the similarities between Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) spectroscopies.

FTIR and Raman are used to collect information about molecular bonds and
their vibrations by making the sample interact with light. Both collect
spectroscopic data about the identity and structure of the investigated
material. Basically, IR and Raman spectra provide complementary information
about the molecular structure. As a result, combining both spectroscopic
techniques may be of great interest to many applications, such as DLC analysis.

Question 3:

Find the differences between Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) spectroscopies.

Raman spectroscopy depends on change in polarizability of a
molecule, whereas FTIR spectroscopy depend on a change in the
dipole moment. Raman spectroscopy measure relative frequencies
at which a sample scatters radiation, unlike FTIR spectroscopy which
measures absolute frequencies at a sample absorbs radiation. FTIR
spectroscopy is sensitive to hetero-nuclear functional group
vibrations and polar bonds. Raman is sensitive to homo-nuclear
molecular bonds.

Reference: https://www.coherent.com
https://www.thermofisher.com

Reference: Raman spectroscopy (slideshare.net)

Reference: https://www.coherent.com

FTIR RAMAN

Invented by Albert Abraham Invented by C.V Raman.
Michelson. Use visible light to detect
Use infrared radiation absoption vibrational, rotational, and other
determine the structure of organic states in a molecular through
molecule. Raman Scattering.

SIMILARITY

Both interact with photon.
Both measure the vibrations of the molecule.

DIFFERENCE

Relatively cheaper More expensive
More commonly use Less commonly use
Can't use in aqueous Can use in aqueous solution.
solution(water are asymmetry) (water is low symmetry)
Determine the asymmetry Determine the symmetry
molecule (with dipole movement) molecule(with different polarity)
Photon is absorbed. Photon is scattered.
Cannot work on all states Can almost work on any state

By : Lam Jing Kit ( S59387 )

References:

1.molmil3 . (2013 , March 22) . Vibrational Spectroscopy: IR vs Raman [Video]. Youtube . Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMLnUmbLwUI&t=186s

2.Wikipedia Contributors. (2020 , December 31). Raman Spectroscopy. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation.
Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_spectroscopy

3.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) . (n.d.). Materials Evaluation And Engineering.INC.
Retrieved 31 December , 2020 , from https://www.mee-inc.com/hamm/fourier-transform-infrared-
spectroscopy-ftir/

FTIR Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy

FTIR is an absorption spectroscopy technique, where Raman is a vibrational spectroscopy technique
mid-infrared light is passed through the sample. Some where a single wavelength laser is focused on a
wavelengths may be absorbed while others merely sample. The laser excites the bonds of a molecule,
pass through the sample unaffected. Specific which generates measurable scattered light to
molecular bonds absorb a specific amount of energy identify the material in question. Raman is a highly
and these losses of energy correspond to the peaks effective method for reliable identification of an
returned in an analysis. FTIR absorptions provide unknown substance based on its underlying
outstanding and easily interpretable results for many chemistry.
substances.

Differences

SUITABLE FOR; SUITABLE FOR:

• Coloured samples; Highly effective in identifying • Aqueous solutions; Raman spectroscopy virtually
unknown solids and liquids of various pigmentations disregards water in samples (because of the very
including industrial dyes, pigments and oils. weak Raman signal) and is able to provide superior
identification of potentially threatening materials
• Fluorescent samples; Many coloured samples in aqueous solutions.
produce optical noise called fluorescence during
Raman sampling, which can obscure the spectral • Sealed container; As an optical technique, First
fingerprint of the substance. FTIR spectroscopy is Defender Raman spectrometers can operate in a
ideal for fluorescent samples since it measures point-and-shoot mode and analyze substances
absorption of light, effectively eliminating this contained in transparent and translucent
identification challenge. containers. This eliminates the need for direct
contact with potentially hazardous unknowns. The
Similarities; integrated vial mode can also be used to analyze
materials in standard colourless and amber glass
Both identify light-coloured samples. FTIR & Raman serve vials.
as complementary and confirmatory analysis for many
samples. • White or Light-Coloured Powders; Raman
spectroscopy excels at the identification of white
and light powders as these typically have very
strong measurable Raman signals.

FTIR Spectroscopy References;
Raman Spectroscopy
➢ Trentelman, Karen; Turner, Nancy (2009).
"Investigation of the painting materials and
techniques of the late-15th century
manuscript illuminator Jean
Bourdichon". Journal of Raman
Spectroscopy. 40 (5): 577-
584. Bibcode:2009JRSp...40...577T. doi:10.
1002/jrs.2186. ISSN 1097-4555.

➢ https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-
Assets/CAD/Application-Notes/Raman-
FTIR-TechNote-
Final.pdf#:~:text=FTIR%20and%20Raman
%20spectroscopy%20measure%20the%20i
nteraction%20of,is%20scattered%20after%
20being%20excited%20by%20a%20laser.

➢ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC441765/pdf/jcinvest00449-0191.pdf

Created by;
Mujahid Bin Ismail

S60354