melaka

DISCOVER WITH US THE CITY OF
MALACCA

WE ARE :

Noura Tounekti Ghada Sari Ahmed Bedoui

Syrine Fakhfekh Amira Belhadj Meriem Allani

OUR SUPERVISORS ARE :

Mr. Majdi El Faleh Mrs. Ons Najjar

CITY OF MALACCA I-
geographic
situation

LOCATION

Flag

Malacca " THE VENICE OF THE EAST "

Country : Malaysia Coordinates : 2.196,102.2405 Coat of arms
Area : 1,664 km2 Population: 932,700
- From Malacca to Kuala Lumpur = 76 miles
which is equal to 122 km.



CLIMATE

Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) Average high and low °C Average rainfull mm

Dec Jan Dec-Fev Dec Jan Feb
8% 5.1% Feb 6.3% 3.8% 4.7%

Nov 5.1% Nov Mar
12.3% 11.9% 7.4%
Mar
7.2%

Mar-May

Apr Apr
9.4% 10.1%

Oct Jun-Aug Oct
10.1% 10.9%

Sept May Sep-Nov Sept May
9.4% 8.7% 0 10.8% 8.8%

Jun 10 20 30 40 Jun
7.2% 8.5%
Aug
8.7% Jul Aug Jul
8.7% 8.4% 8.4%

TOPOGRAPHY

Highest elevation :
(Bukit Bemban)
503 m (1,650 ft

ENVIRONMENT

Malaysia is the number one country for palm oil.
Malaysia is the number one country for palm oil.

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Air Keroh
Recreational Forest

Malacca's most famous recreational
rainforest is a tranquil haven for wildlife
and natural scenery. Covering an area of
about 320 hectares, Ayer Keroh enables
you to learn, as you walk through the
trails, the marvellous diversity of plant life
and animals that inhibit this range.

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TRANSPORTATION Malacca International Airport

AIR Malacca marina

Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu
Berendam Airport) is an airport located in Batu Berendam,
Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca,
as well as northern Johor, with links to Pekanbaru and
Penang

Water

Daily ferries run from Malacca to the Indonesian cities of
Bengkalis, Dumai and Pekanbaru departing from Harbour
Master's Jetty. Regular boat services to Big Island depart
from mainland Malacca in Umbai. Several jetties around
the state, such as in Merlimau, are used by fishermen.
Two existing container ports in Malacca are the Port of
Kuala Sungai Linggi and Port of Tanjung Bruas

CAPITAL CITY

Malacca City is the centre of political and economic
administration for the state of Malacca. There is one
member of parliament (MP) representing one
parliamentary constituency in the city: Kota Melaka .
The city also elects five representatives to the state
legislature from the state assembly districts of
Kesidang, Kota Laksamana, Duyong, Bandar Hilir and
Telok Mas

Malacca City

Railway Railway stations in Malacca
Malacca highway
There are currently two Keretapi Tanah
Melayu railway stations in Malacca,
which are the Pulau Sebang/Tampin
Station in Pulau Sebang, Alor Gajah and
Batang Malacca Station in Batang
Malacca, Jasin.

Road

Travelling to Malacca by bus is favored by
most people. This is because Malacca is
well connected to the PLUS highway via
three major exits. The Ayer Keroh exit at
the North–South Expressway is the main
entry to Malacca, connected by Ayer
Keroh highway to Malacca City.

DISTRICTS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES

MALACCA CENTRAL ALOR GAJAH DISTRICT JASIN DISTRICT
DISTRICT
The Alor Gajah District is a district in The Jasin District is a district in
The Central Melaka District (Malay: Melaka, Malaysia. Alor Gajah is also Malacca, Malaysia. Jasin District is
Daerah Melaka Tengah) is a district a parliamentary constituency of the southernmost of districts in
in the state of Malacca, Malaysia. Melaka state. It borders Tampin Melaka and borders the State of
The capital of the state of Malacca, District, Rembau District and Port Johor. The district capital is Jasin
Malacca City, is located in this Dickson District (including exclave Town
district. This district is the major of Tanjung Tuan) to the north and
destination of tourists in Malacca as borders Jasin District and Central
most historical spots are situated Melaka District in the east and
within it south.

THE MALACCA RIVER

The Malacca River roughly runs through the centre
line of the state from north to south. Kesang River
acts as the eastern border of Malacca with Johor.
The offshore Besar Island, Upeh Island and Undan
Island are part of Malacca which are accessible by
jetty from Malacca mainland

NATURAL BORDERS

Straits of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 580 mi (930
km) in length, between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular
Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. As the
main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the
Pacific Ocean, it is one of the most important shipping lanes
in the world.

The Gulf of Thailand

The Strait
of Malacca

INDONESIA

MALAYSIA - FLORA AND FAUNA

About 70% of Malaysia consists of tropical rain
forest.
In Peninsular Malaysia, camphor, ebony,
sandalwood, teak, and many varieties of palm
trees abound. Rain forest fauna includes
seladang (Malayan bison), deer, wild pigs, tree
shrews, honey bears, forest cats, civets,
monkeys, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes. The
seladang weighs about a ton and is the largest
wild ox in the world.
An immense variety of insects, particularly
butterflies, and some 508 breeding species of
birds are found.

Stamp: Wildlife (Malaysia)

MELAKA BIRD PARK

Melaka Bird Park, hailed as the first open aviary bird
park in Malacca, is built on a 1.8 hectare site at the
Botanical Garden in Ayer Keroh, Malacca. It has the
largest aviary in Malaysia and will be the only bird
park to house such a large collection of Malaysian
bird species. With nearly 700 bird species calling
the lands and waterways of Malaysia home, the bird
park aims to protect every species and educate the
public by hosting a number of educational and
recreational programmes.

Hornbills Chestnut-bellied The Tricoloured Peacock
Malkoha Munia

Red-billed Malkoha Little Bronze Cuckoo Golden pheasant

BUTTERFLY & REPTILE
SANCTUARY IN MALACCA

Butterflies lizards Butterfly & Reptile
Carpe Koï fishs Crocodiles Sanctuary is a tourist
attraction in Ayer
Keroh, about 15km
northeast of Malacca
town. Also known as
Taman Rama Rama, it is
home to a collection of
animals ranging from
beautiful butterflies to
snakes,lizards,
crocodiles...

ANIMALS

the Malayan Sun Bear Sumatran Rhinoceros panthers

Red Panda the Malayan Gaur the Malayan Tiger
Oxen

CORAL PARK IN MALACCA

Corals Clown fish CoralWonderland
Seahorses Sharks Malacca is the
Malaysia’s first coral
park, hosting over 1,000
species of marine fish
and corals. Opened in
2011, the coral park is
home to Asia’s longest
touch pool, and the
country’s longest coral
aquarium, giving you a
chance for in-depth look
on loved marine life

FLORA

Camphor Ebony tree sandalwood

Teak tree Palm trees Melaka Tree

CITY OF MALACCA II- HISTORY
OF THE CITY

HISTORICAL AFFILIATIONS

1396–1511 1511–1641 1641–1795 1826–1942 1942–1945 1946–1948 1948–1963 1963–PRESENT
1818–1825 1945–1946
Malayan
Sultanate Portuguese Dutch Straits Empire of Union Federation Malaysia
of Malaya
of Malacca. Empire Empire Settlements Japan

WELCOME TO THE HISTORICAL
CITY OF MALACCA

Malacca is the third smallest Malaysian state, after Perlis
and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the
Malay Peninsula, on the Straits of Malacca. It borders
Negeri Sembilan to the north and the state of Johor to the
south. The capital is Malacca City, which is 148 km south
east of Malaysia's capital city Kuala Lumpur, 235 km north
west to Johor's largest city Johor Bahru and 95 km north
west to Johor's second largest city Batu Pahat.

This historical city centre has been listed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. Although it was the
location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, the
monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered
it in 1511. The Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor, rather
than a Sultan, acts as the head of state now.

Église Saint-Jean • 2020

CITY DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE

1400 1403 1509 1780 1820 1986 1989

Parameswara All seagoing Portuguese Malacca has With the finding Gouvermment Proclamation
trade invasion in been major of Penang and
who established Malacca they trading center has undertaken of Malacca has
a port in Malacca between capture a and come under Singapore,
China and the influence of Malacca a major to potential as a
because it was indea was strategic Malay ; Arab,
strategically concentrated bridge across become less construct historical city
Indian, atractive as a
important spot the river Chinese.... sewage
halfway down trading
the peninsule. destination. treatment along

the river.

FOUNDING OF MALACCA 1396

Melaka, formerly Malacca, town and port, A sketch of Parameswara,
Peninsular (West) Malaysia, on the Strait of the founder of Malacca.
Malacca, at the mouth of the sluggish
Melaka River. The city was founded about
1400, when Paramesvara, the ruler of
Tumasik (now Singapore), fled from the
forces of the Javanese kingdom of
Majapahit and found refuge at the site,
then a small fishing village. There he
founded a Malay kingdom, the kings of
which aided by the Chinese extended their
power over the peninsula.

The port became a major stopping
place for traders to replenish
their food supplies and obtain
fresh water from the hill springs.
Malay rule ended in 1511, when
Alfonso d’Albuquerque, viceroy of
the Portuguese Indies, conquered
Malacca. During the 16th century
Malacca developed into the most
important trading port in
Southeast Asia. Indian, Arab, and
European merchants regularly
visited there, and the Portuguese
realized enormous profits from
the especially lucrative spice
trade that passed through the
port

Portuguese drawing
of Malacca in 1511

THE PORTUGUESECONQUEST
1511–1641

The Portuguese launch their first attack on 25
July 1511, but this was met with failure.
Albuquerque then launched another attack on
15 August 1511, which proved successful as
Malacca was captured on that day.

The Portuguese constructed a fortress
called A Famosa using rocks and
stones taken from Muslim graves,
mosques, and other buildings.

The surviving gate of the Portuguese fort in Malacca

Dutch Empire 1641–1795; A painting of Dutch Malakka fort, c. 1665

1818–1825

1641 the Dutch East India Company
(VOC) arrived, and Johor formed a
treaty with them to flush out the
Portuguese in the second capture of
Malacca. The Dutch succeeded at
overtaking Malacca while Johor
managed to re-establish its
suzerainty over many of its former
dependencies in Sumatra, such as
Siak (1662) and Indragiri (1669). The
Dutch expanded the size of the city
fort and built a significant amount of
additional infrastructure.

Straits settlements 1826–1942;
1945–1946

A treaty was later signed in 1824 between the
British and Dutch to prevent further British
influence in Java; one result was that the Johor-
Riau Empire fell under two colonial powers along
with Malacca, which was then officially handed to
the British in 1825 and integrated as part of the
Straits Settlements. The city came under direct
control of a Resident in Penang, and the old fort
in the city was then dismantled.
The British established regulations for
infrastructure with the construction of, for
example, back alleys, chimneys, back yards, fire
escapes, fire alleys, and pedestrian arcades.

Malacca between 1833 and 1839

Empire of Japan
1942–1945

The Japanese Army arrived in the city on 14 January
1942 in a convoy of bicycles, but as they mainly
focused on ensuring the retreat of the British to the
south of the Malay Peninsula and Singapore, there
was no major battle in the city or other parts of
Malacca.
During their occupation, a kempeitai headquarters
was established in the formerly British "Government
Rest House" which served as a place for arrests,
torture and executions. Those who still lived in the
city were given low rice rations with a tapioca
supplement and a number of them were taken to
Thailand and forced to construct the Burma–Siam
Railway

Malayan Union 1946– When the Allies began to counter-attack against the
1948 Japanese, the Japanese officially surrendered to the
Allies in August 1945 with the city left undamaged as
Federation of Malaya there were no heavy battles, and it was administered as
1948–1963 part of the British Military Administration until the
formation of the Malayan Union and then the
Malaysia 1963–present Federation of Malaya.

After Malaya achieved its independence on 31 August
1957, a colonial building named "Malacca Club" was
built by the British in the city as the social centre for
Britons in British Malaya. The building was then turned
into a memorial after 38 years to commemorate the
Malayan independence day. After the Federation of
Malaya, together with North Borneo, Sarawak and
Singapore formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963,
Malacca was extensively developed and in 2003 it was
granted city status.

UNESCO: Melaka, Historic
City of the Straits of Malacca

Melaka, Malaysia was inscribed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site on July 7, 2008. George
Town was also inscribed on that date, and
together, they are recognized as the Historic
Cities of the Straits of Malacca.

CITY OF MALACCA III- CULTURAL
AND SOCIAL
HERITAGE

A MIXTURE OF RACES

EVEN THOUGH THE MULTI-RACIAL POPULATION OF THE PLACE
CONSISTS MAINLY OF CHINESE, INDIANS AND MALAYS, THE
PORTUGUESE AND PERANAKAN CULTURE WHICH IS STILL
PRACTICED BY A FEW DESCENDANT COMMUNITIES GAINS THE
MAJOR ATTENTION FROM TOURISTS.

Orang Asli indian

11.1% 7.8%

chinese
25.6%

malay
55.6%

MALAY ETHNICITY

The Malay belong to the Malayo-Polynesian ethno-
linguistic family, reflecting ancestral ties to Borneo
seafarers who made their way to the Malay Peninsula
about 1,500 years ago.

Today, the Malay make up about 50% of the total
population of Malaysia. Most Malay today are Muslim,
adhering to the Sunni denomination of Islam.

Islam arrived in Malaysia back in the 15th century when the
royal court of the ancient Malay kingdom Melaka formally
converted. Today, Islam is the official religion of Malaysia,
and is practically synonymous with Malay ethnic identity.

CHINESE ETHNICITY

Malaysia's second-largest ethnic population is, unlike the
Malay, not ancestrally from the peninsula. Malaysia's
population is about 23% Chinese, largely a result of major
waves of Chinese immigration into the nation in the 19th
century.

It is, of course, important to remember that Chinese
ethnicity is not an entirely homogenous category, and
Malaysia holds populations of various subgroups of
Chinese.

The Cantonese-speaking Chinese live mostly in Malaysia's
capital, while Mandarin-speakers live mostly in southern
Malaysia and Hokkien-speakers live in the north.

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The third largest single ethnic group in Malaysia is the
Indians, who make up about 7% of the total
population.

When the British Empire was at its height in the late
19th and early 20th centuries, many people from India
were able to move easily across the empire in search
of better economic opportunities.

A number of these Indians ended up in Malaysia,
which at the time was also a British colony. Hinduism
is still practiced in Malaysia today, largely reflecting
the influences of Indian immigrants on the nation.

ORANG ASLI

Most of the remaining population is categorized as
Orang Asli .

They are not a single ethnic group but a collection
of diverese population who are ancestrally
indeginious to the malay Peninsula .

The term orang asli litrally means ''original people .
It conserns 18 ethnic groups of less than 150,000
in total who are widely regarded as comprising
peninsular Malaysia’s original inhabitants

THE BABA-NYONYAS / PERANAKAN

MALACCA IS ALSO WHERE THE BABAS AND NYONYAS OR PERANAKAN
ORIGINATE. THEY ARE DESCENDANTS OF THE CHINESE WHO ARRIVE IN
MELAKA AND MARRIED LOCALS. THEY RETAIN MANY CHINESE CUSTOMS
BUT MALAY IS THEIR MOTHER-TONGUE. THEY HAVE ADOPTED THE MALAY-
STYLE OF STYLE OF DRESSING.

THE CHITTYS

THE MELAKAN CHITTY ARE STRAIT-BORN INDIAN AND OFFSPRINGS OF
INDIAN TRADERS WHO CAME FROM PANAI KOROMANDEL IN INDIA. THIS
UNIQUE COMMUNITIES IS THE DESCENDANTS OF EARLY INDIA MERCHANT
WHO COME HERE SOMETIME DURING 15TH CENTURY. THEY PRACTICE
HINDU FAITH, SPEAK MALAY, FOOD IS TYPICAL INDIAN AND THEY PRACTICE
THE TRADITIONAL INDIAN WEDDING CEREMONY. THE CHITTY WOMEN
WEARS `SARUNG` JUST LIKE THE NYOYAS AND TRADITIONAL MALAY
WOMEN.

THE PORTUGUESE

DURING THE PORTUGUESE RULE, MANY OF THEM CHOOSE TO REMAIN IN MALACCA AND SINCE 1920,
PREFERRED TO LIVE IN THE PORTUGUESE SETTLEMENT. THEY SPEAK ANCIENT PORTUGUESE DIALECT
CALLED CRISTO. THEY STILL PRACTICE THEIR AGED OLD FESTIVALS AND CUSTOMS. BESIDES
CHRISTMAS THEY ALSO CELEBRATE THE SAN PEDRO IN COMMEMORATION OF THEIR PATRON SAINT.

TRADITIONAL FOOD

MALACCA IS WELL-KNOWN FOR ITS
FOOD. MOST NOTABLE OF ALL IS
THE TRADITIONAL MALAY DISHES
LIKE IKAN ASAM PEDAS, SAMBAL
BELACAN AND CENCALUK.

IKAN ASAM PEDAS

(HOT & SOUR MALAY FISH CURRY)
IKAN ASAM PEDAS IS A HOT AND SOUR, ALMOST SOUPY, MALAY
FISH CURRY FOUND IN SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA.
TRADITIONALLY, IT’S ALWAYS SERVED WITH RICE.

SAMBAL

SAMBAL, ALSO KNOWN AS SAMBAL OELEK, IS A HOT SAUCE
OR PASTE MADE FROM ONE OR MORE VARIETIES OF CHILI.

CENCALUK

CINCALOK IS A MALAYSIAN CONDIMENT CONSISTING OF
SHRIMPS OR KRILL THAT HAVE BEEN FERMENTED WITH
SALT AND COOKED RICE. THE SHRIMPS ARE TYPICALLY
SMALL IN SIZE AND LEFT WHOLE, AND THE CONDIMENT IS
CHARACTERIZED BY ITS PUNGENT SMELL AND A
COMBINATION OF SALTY AND SOUR FLAVORS.

FESTIVALS AND EVENTS

IN A CITY WHERE EAST MEETS WEST
AND WHERE MUSLIMS, HINDUS AND
CHRISTIANS LIVE IN HARMONY,
CULTURE AND FESTIVALS IN MALACCA
COME ALIVE WITH COLORFUL
DIVERSITY AND PROFOUND LIVING
APPLICATIONS. THE TRUE MEANINGS
OF HARMONY, UNITY AND
ACCEPTANCE COME TO LIFE. 

THE CHINESE NEW YEAR

In January, there is significant Chinese
presence in Malacca and they celebrate the
Chinese New Year with music, food, and
the traditional lion dance. They clean their
homes to shoo away bad luck and invite
good luck to come inside. Every year,
Melaka Chinatown, Jonker Street and other
major streets light up with decorations,
foods and parades. A giant lion played by
50 to 60 people dance in the streets.

THE JADE EMPEROR’S
BIRTHDAY

(Teenh Koong’s Birthday), which takes
place in the evening before the 9th day of
the new lunar year. Then to end the two-
week New Year Celebration, the Chap Go
Mei celebration closes the long period of
festivities. Chinese bachelorettes throw
oranges into the ocean wishing for
romance.

14

THE THAIPUSAM

(In February, Hindus honor Lord Muruga
during the Thaipusam, a holy parade that
leads to the Sri Subramaniam Deasthanan
Temple in Batu Berendam. This is a very
interesting ritual as the devotees push
wooden arches and pierce themselves as a
form of penance. Some devotees get very
intense that they fall into a trance.