गणित कक्षा ४

cEof;

1. ¿kfGt/0f ug{'xf;] \ M

(i) 3 ls=u|f= Ö u|fd

(ii) 3 ls=u|f= 250 u|fd Ö uf| d

(iii) 1400 uf| d Ö ls=uf| = uf| d

(iv) 7 ls=uf| = 500 uf| d Ö uf| d

(v) 8 lSjG6n 60 lsnf]uf| d Ö lsnfu] |fd

(vi) 4560 lsnf]uf| d Ö lSjG6n lsnf]uf| d

2. uf| ddf ¿kfGt/0f ug{'xf;] \ M (ii) 1 ls=uf| = 300 u|fd
(i) 6 ls=uf| = (iv) 25 ls=uf| = 700 uf| d
(iii) 20 ls=u|f= 500 u|fd (vi) 8 ls=u|f= 900 u|fd
(v) 7 ls=uf| = 530 u|fd

3. lsnfu] f| d / uf| ddf nV] g'xf;] \ M (ii) 18300 u|fd
(i) 7500 uf| d

(iii) 8770 u|fd (iv) 5100 uf| d
(v) 2600 u|fd (vi) 5555 u|fd

4. lsnfu] f| ddf ?kfGt/0f ug'{xf;] \ . (ii) 7 lSjG6n 50 ls=u|f=
(i) 5 lSjG6n (iv) 11 lSjG6n 7 ls=uf| =
(iii) 15 lSjG6n 65 ls=uf| =

5. lSjG6n / lsnf]uf| ddf nV] gx' f];\ . (ii) 609 lsnfu] |fd
(i) 417 lsnfu] |fd (iv) 1703 lsnfu] |fd
(iii) 725 lsnfu] |fd

6. lzNkfsf] lstfa /fv]sf] Aofu 3 ls=uf| = 250 u|fd /x5] eg] slt u|fd /x5] .

ul0ft, sIff $ 145

7. ljBfnosf] k:' tsfnodf /x]sf] cª\uh|] L zAbsfi] fsf] tf}n 2300 uf| d /x]5 eg]
slt ls=u|f= /x5] .

8. Pp6f ldlg6s« n] 7 lSjG6n 7 lsnf]u|fd bfgf af]s]sf] /x5] eg] slt lsnfu] |fd
bfgf afs] s] f] /x]5 <
kl/of]hgf sfo{ (Project work)

s'g} kfrF cf6] f ;fdu|Lx¿ ;ªs\ ng ugx{' f;] \ . ltgLx¿sf] kl/df0f gfKgsf lgldQ uf| d
cyjf lsnf]uf| d s] k|ofu] ul/G5, nV] g'xf];\ .
;fdfgsf] gfd

PsfO

146 ul0ft, sIff $

11.4 lsnf]uf| d / uf| d;DaGwL hf]8 / 36fp (Addition and subtraction related

to kilogram and gram)

ljm| ofsnfk 1

Pp6f l8lh6n t/fh' lng'xf];\ . Pp6f emf]nfdf sx] L ;fduL| x¿
/fv/] tf}n gfKgx' f];\ . o;df c¿ ;fduL| x¿ yKb} hfgx' f;] \ . t/fhn' ]
b]vfPsf] tfn} slt 5, l6kf]6 ug'{xf;] \ . emfn] fsf] ;fduL| ;lxtsf]
tfn} u|fddf 5 ls lsnf]uf| ddf 5, Tof] klg l6kf6] ugx{' f];\ .

ljm| ofsnfk 2
tn lbOPsf j:tx' ¿sf] tf}nsf] cg'dfg ugx{' f;] \ / cgd' flgt tfn} sf] cfwf/df 9s;uF
hf]8f ldnfpgx' f];\ M
(i) (i)

(ii) (ii)
(iii) (iii)

(iv) (iv)

(v) (v)
ul0ft, sIff $ 147

pbfx/0f 1

2 kg 260 gm 1 kg 500 gm 4 kg 800 gm

(i) sfFjm| f] / nf}sfsf] hDdf tfn} slt xf]nf <
(ii) nf}sf / ufh/sf] hDdf tfn} slt xfn] f <
(iii) nf}sfsf] tf}n ufh/sf] eGbf sltn] a9L xfn] f <

;dfwfg tf}n lgsfNgsf
(i) sfFjm| f] / nf}sfsf] hDdf tf}n, nflu s] ug{'knf{ <

ls=u|f= u|fd ls=uf| = / uf| d Pp6f Pp6f nx/df
/fVgx' f;] \ . ls=uf| = / ls=u|f= clg u|fd
2 260 / u|fd hf]8g\ x' f];\ . 1000 uf| d Ö 1
ls=uf| = x'g] ePsfn] ] 1060 u|fd Ö 1
+ 4 800 ls=u|f= 60 u|fd xG' 5 .

6 ls=uf| = 1060 u|fd

1
7 ls=u|f= 60 u|fd

hDdf tfn} 7 ls=u|f= 60 uf| d /x]5 .

(ii) nfs} f / ufh/sf] hDdf tfn} ,
ls=uf| = u|fd

4 800

+ 1 500

5 ls=uf| = 1300 uf| d

1
6 ls=u|f= 300 u|fd

o;df nfs} f / ufh/sf] hDdf tfn} 6 ls=u|f= 300 uf| d /x5] .

148 ul0ft, sIff $

(iii) nfs} fsf] tfn} ufh/sf] tfn} eGbf,

ls=uf| = uf| d tf}ndf ls=uf| = / uf| dsf] 56' \6f5'6\6}
nx/df /fv]/ uf| daf6 u|fd /
4 800 ls=uf| = af6 ls=u|f= 36fcfF} .

– 1 500

3 ls=u|f= 300 uf| d

ufh/sf] tf}neGbf nfs} fsf] tf}n 3 ls=u|f= 300 uf| dn] a9L /x]5 .

pbfx/0f 2

Pp6f ef8F fdf 5 ls=uf| = lrgL c65\ . t/ To; efF8fdf clxn] 3 ls=uf| = 420 uf| d lrgL
5 eg] slt lrgL yKg ;lsG5 <

;dfwfg

ls=u|f= uf| d

5 0

– 3 420

o;nfO{ ldnfP/ ;dfwfg ubf{,

ls=u|f= uf| d

5 4 1000

– 3 420

1 ls=uf| = 580 uf| d

5 ls=uf| = lrgLsf] ef8F f] eg{ 1 ls=uf| = 580 uf| d yKg ;lsG5 .

ul0ft, sIff $ 149

11.5 lSjG6n / lsnf]uf| d;DaGwL hf8] / 36fp (Addition and subtraction

related to quintal and kilogram)

ljm| ofsnfk 1

;uF }sf] lrqdf Pp6f 7'nf] 6s« / csf{] ;fgf] 6s« n] ;fdfg afs] s] f]
b]vfOPsf] 5 . pSt lrqsf] cjnfs] g u/L lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿sf]
cfwf/df 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ M

(i) 7'nf] / ;fgf] 6«sn] jm| dzM slt lSjG6n / lsnfu] f| d ;fdfg
af]ss] f] xf]nf <

(ii) b'j} 6s« n] u/L hDdf slt ;fdfg afs] ]sf] xf]nf < lsnf]uf| ddf
klg lgsfNgx' f];\ .

(iii) ;fgf] 6«sn] eGbf 7'nf] 6«sn] slt w]/} ;fdfg af]ss] f] xfn] f <
pbfx/0f 1

xl/gf/fo0fsf] Ps ljufxf vt] df 35 lSjG6n 35 lsnf]u|fd ds} pTkfbg eof] .
bj] gf/fo0fsf] Ps ljufxf v]tdf 13 lSjG6n 85 lsnf]uf| d ds} pTkfbg eof] eg],

(i) b'j}sf] v]tdf u/L hDdf slt ds} pTkfbg eP5, kQf nufpg'xf;] \ .
(ii) bj] gf/fo0fsf] vt] df slt yk ds} pTkfbg ePsf] eP xl/gf/fo0fsf] vtdf

a/fa/ ds} pTkfbg x'GYof], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfgM

(i) lSjG6n ls=u|f= (ii) ls=u|f= u|fd
35 35
35 34 35+100 = 135
+ 13 85 - 13 85

48 120 21 50

1

49 20

cEof;

1. hf]8 ugx'{ f;] \ M

(i) ls=uf| = u|fd (ii) ls=uf| = uf| d

5 420 7 600
+ 4 100 + 5 200

150 ul0ft, sIff $

(iii) ls=u|f= uf| d (iv) ls=uf| = u|fd
17 525 51 152

+ 13 663 + 27 275

2. 36fp ug{x' f;] \ M

(i) ls=u|f= u|fd (ii) ls=uf| = u|fd
7 500 32 826

– 3 300 – 15 527

(iii) ls=u|f= uf| d (iv) ls=uf| = u|fd
12 88 524

– 10 616 – 69 811

3. cfdfn] ahf/af6 3 ls=uf| = 500 uf| d bfn / 2 ls=uf| = 750 u|fd cf6f lsg]/
Nofpge' of] eg] logLx¿sf] hDdf tf}n slt xf]nf <

4. ;/nfn] 1 ls=u|f= ;G' tnf ahf/af6 lsg]/ NofOg\ . olb 750 uf| d ;G' tnf laluP| sf]
eP slt ;G' tnf /fd|f lyP xf]nfg\ <

5. Ps hgf t/sf/L Jofkf/Ln] 24 ls=uf| = cfn,' 20 ls=u|f= 300 uf| d Kofh / 15
ls=uf| = 700 uf| d s]/fp xfn] ;n] k;naf6 lsg]/ NofP eg] hDdf slt t/sf/L
lsg5] g\ <

6. lgdfsf] 7 ls=uf| = 300 u|fd tfn} a9]/ 50 ls=u|f= 500 uf| d ku' ]5 eg] pgsf]
klxn]sf] tfn} slt lyof] xfn] f <

7. /fhs' f] tf}n 47 ls=u|f= 300 uf| daf6 a9]/ 50 ls=uf| = 500 uf| d ku' ]5 eg] pgsf]
a9]sf] tfn} slt /x5] , kQf nufpgx' f;] \ .

8. Pp6f 6s« n] 13 lSjG6n 75 ls=u|f= bfgf af]s]sf] 5 . csf]{ 6s« n] 7 lSjG6n 50
ls=u|f= bfgf af]s]sf] 5 eg] bj' } 6«sn] u/L hDdf slt bfgf afs] ]sf] /x]5, kQf
nufpg'xf;] \ .
kl/ofh] gf sfo{ (Project work)

ljBfnosf] glhs} /xs] f] ls/fgf k;ndf uP/ s'g} kfrF cf]6f j:tx' ¿sf] tf}nsf] gfk
;fW] gx' f;] \ / o;nfO{ l6kf]6 ugx{' f;] \ . lsnfu] f| d / u|fddf /x]sf] tfn} nfO{ hf]8g\ x' f];\ .
sIffsf]7fdf k:| tt' ugx'{ f];\ .

ul0ft, sIff $ 151

kf7 12 M kl/ldlt / Ifq] kmn (Perimeter and Area)

12.1 kl/ldlt (Perimeter)
ljm| ofsnfk 1

bfofsF f] lhofa] f]8s{ f] cjnf]sg ugx{' f];\ / tnsf

kZ| gx¿df 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ M

(i) /ftf,] lgnf] / kxF]nf] /ªsf] /a/AofG8af6
agfOPsf] cfotx¿sf] 3/] fsf] hDdf

nDafO slt xfn] f < logLx¿dWo] ;ae} Gbf

nfdf] sg' xf]nf <

(ii) xl/of] / KofhL /ªsf] /a/AofG8af6

agfOPsf] cfotsf] 3/] fsf] hDdf nDafO

slt xfn] f < logLx¿df ;ae} Gbf 5f]6f]

sg' xfn] f < lhof]af]8{ KnfOp8df lsnf

(iii) olb Pp6f lsnfaf6 csf{] lsnf;Ddsf] 7fs] L /a/AofG8sf] ;xfotfn] ljleGg
t;] f{] jf 7f8f] nDafO a/fa/ 3 ;]=ld= HofldtLo cfs[ltx¿ bv] fpg ko| fu]

eP cfotx¿ / jux{ ¿sf] 3/] fsf] hDdf ul/g] zI} fl0fs ;fdu|L xf] .

nDafO slt slt x'G5 <

lj|mofsnfk 2

bfofFsf] u|fkmaf8] s{ f] cjnfs] g u/L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ vf]Hgx' f];\ M

(i) cfot ABCD, XYZM / PQRS sf] 3/] fsf] A D M
hDdf nDafO slt xfn] f < X Z
B
(ii) cfot LMNO sf] 3]/fsf] hDdf nDafO slt P CY O
xf]nf < S N
R
(iii) uf| kmdf ePsf] jus{ f] nDafO 1 ;]lG6ld6/ ePdf Q
kT| os] cfsl[ tsf] 3/] fsf] hDdf nDafO slt L

xfn] f < M

(iv) ;ae} Gbf nfdf] 3/] f s'g cfsl[ tsf] /x]5 <

152 ul0ft, sIff $

ljm| ofsnfk 3

pkoS' t ;ªV\ ofdf ;dx" sf] lgdf{0f ug'x{ f;] \ . x/]s
;d"xn] Pp6f Pp6f uf| kmaf8] { lng'xf;] \ . u|fkmaf]8d{ f
km/s km/s gfk / cfsf/sf cfotsf/ 1 ;]=ld= sf
jufs{ f/ sf]7fx¿ uGg'xf;] \ . slt kfpge' of] < x/s]
;d"xn] k|:t't ug'x{ f;] \ .

lbOPsf] lrqdf Pp6f cfotsf/ cfsl[ t bv] fOPsf]
86af8] {df ag]sf] pSt cfsl[ tdf 1 ;]=ld= × 1 ;]=ld=
sf ;fgf sf]7fx¿ 5g\ . o;sf] rf/l} t/ j/k/sf nDafO
/ rf8} fOlt/sf ;fgf sf7] fx¿ uGg'xf];\ . o;sf] nDafOdf 7 cf6] f sf]7fx¿ /xs] f 5g\ .
o;n} ] pSt cfs[ltsf] kl/ldlt = 5 + 5 + 7 + 7
= 24 ;=] ld=
s'g} klg cfsl[ tsf] aflx/L 3/] fsf] gfknfO{ kl/ldlt elgG5 .

12.2 Ifq] kmn (Area)

lj|mofsnfk 4

(i) /ftf] / lgnf] /ªsf /a/AofG8af6 ags] f cfotx¿
leq sltcf6] f jufs{ f/ sf7] fx¿ 5g\ .

(ii) kxnF] f] / xl/of] /ªsf /a/AofG8af6 ags] f
cfotx¿ leq sltcf6] f jufs{ f/ sf7] fx¿ 5g\ .

(iii) olb Pp6f jufs{ f/ sf7] fsf] Ifq] kmn 1 ju{
PsfO ePdf ;a} cfotx¿sf] Ifq] kmn slt
slt xfn] f <

(iv) kl/ldltsf] ljm| ofsnfk 2 df ePsf] lrq x/] L
cfotx¿ ABCD, XYZM, PQRS / LMNO leq slt sltcf6] f jufs{ f/x¿
/xs] f 5g\ <

(v) uf| kmdf Pp6f jus{ f] Ifq] kmn 1 ju{ ;=] ld= xbF' f ;a} cfotx¿sf] Ifq] kmn slt slt xG' 5 <

cfoptbfxle/0qf e1Psf PsfO jux{ ¿sf] ;ª\Vof g} pSt cfotsf] Ifq] kmn xf] . Ps PsfO
nDafO ePsf] jus{ f] If]qkmn Ps ju{ PsfO xG' 5 .

ul0ft, sIff $ 153

pbfx/0f 1

tnsf] u|fkmsf] cWoog u/L kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

(i) sf]7f ug/] cfot ABCD sf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
(ii) cfot MNOP df sltcf6] f ju{ PsfOx¿ 5g\ <
(iii) IJKL sf] kl/ldlt sf7] f ug]/ kQf nufpgx' f];\ .
(iv) UVWX df nDafOdf slt / rf8} fOdf sltcf6] f sf]7fx¿ 5g\ <

AD I LU X
W
BC J V
MP K

NO

;dfwfg
(i) nDafOlt/ ePsf PsfO ju{x¿ = 5
rf8} fOlt/ ePsf PsfOju{ sfOx¿ = 2
cfot ABCD sf] Ifq] kmn = 5 × 2 = 10 ju{ PsfO
o;nfO{ o;/L klg ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
cfotleq /xs] f sf7] fsf] ;ªV\ of = 10
ABCD sf] Ifq] kmn = 10 ju{ PsfO
(ii) MNOP df 16 cf]6f ju{ PsfOx¿ 5g\ .
(iii) IJKL sf] aflx/ nDafO / rf8} fOdf /xs] f] sf7] fsf] ;ªV\ of = 9 + 8 + 9 + 8 = 34 cf6] f
kl/ldlt = 34 PsfO
(iv) UVWX df, nDafOdf ePsf] sf7] f = 7
rf8} fOdf ePsf] sf]7fsf] ;ªV\ of = 4

154 ul0ft, sIff $

pbfx/0f 2

tn lbOPsf] lrqdf nDafO / rf8} fOlt/sf jufs{ f/ sf7] fx¿ ugL cfs[ltsf] If]qkmn /
kl/ldlt kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
nDafOlt/sf] jufs{ f/ sf7] fsf] ;ªV\ of = 14
rf8} fOlt/sf] jufs{ f/ sf7] fsf] ;ªV\ of = 10
jufs{ f/ sf]7fsf] hDdf ;ªV\ of = 14 × 10 = 140
o;sf/0f If]qkmn = 140 ju{ PsfO
jl/kl/sf] rf3} ]/fsf] sf7] fsf] ;ªV\ of = 14 + 14 +
10 + 10 = 48 PsfO
kl/ldlt = 48 PsfO

pbfx/0f 3

nDafO 10 ;]=ld= / rf}8fO 6 ;]=ld= ePsf] Pp6f cfot lvRgx' f];\ . jufs{ f/ sf]7f
agfP/ pSt cfotsf] kl/ldlt / If]qkmnsf] juf{sf/ kQf nufpg'xf;] \ .

;dfwfg 6 ;]=ld=

cfotleq nDafO 1 ;=] ld= / rf8} fO 1 ;=] ld= 10 ;]=ld=
ePsf] ju{ agfcf}F . nDafOlt/ 10 cf]6f
sf7] fx¿ eP eg] rf}8fOlt/ 6 cf]6f sf]7fx¿
5g\ .
hDdf sf7] fx¿ = 10 × 6 = 60 eP
To;}n] cfotsf] If]qkmn 60 ju{ ;]=ld= eof] .

o:t} u/L nDafOdf /xs] f] sf7] fsf] ;ªV\ of = 10 sf]7f + 10 sf]7f = 20 sf]7f
rf}8fOdf /x]sf] sf]7fsf] ;ªV\ of = 6 sf7] f + 6 sf7] f = 12 sf]7f
hDdf sf7] f = 10 + 10 + 6 + 6 = 32
o;}n] kl/ldlt = 32 ;=] ld= eof] .

ul0ft, sIff $ 155

cEof;
1. tnsf cfotx¿df ePsf jufs{ f/ sf7] f ug]/ Ifq] kmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ M

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

2. tnsf kT| o]s cfotsf/ cfs[ltsf] kl/ldlt / If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ M -k|To]s
sf]7fsf] If]qkmn 1 ju{ ;]=ld= ePdf ._

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

156 ul0ft, sIff $

3. tn lbOPcg';f/ gfksf cfoft lvRgx' f];\ . juf{sf/ sf7] f agfP/ ug]/ kl/ldlt
/ If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf;] \ M

(i) (ii)
9 cm

4 cm 10 cm
5 cm
7 cm

6 cm
(iii) (iv)

5 cm
4 cm

4. tnsf] cfs[ltsf] kl/ldlt / Ifq] kmn slt xG' 5 < sf]7f ug/] kQf nufpg'xf;] \ M

ul0ft, sIff $ 157

kl/of]hgf sfo{ (Project work)

(i) rf6{ kk] /df tkfO‘{sf] ul0ft k:' tssf] dflyNnf] ;txsf] 6«]; ug{'xf];\ . pSt
cfsl[ tdf jufs{ f/ sf]7fx¿ agfP/ Ifq] kmn / kl/ldlt kQf nufO{ sIffsf7] fdf
k|:tt' ugx{' f];\ .

(ii) cfcfˆgf] gfdsf] klxnf] cIf/nfO{ k|Zg g= 4 sf] h:t} u/L u|fkmk]k/df /fvL
To;sf] kl/ldlt / If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf;] \ / sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ugx'{ f];\ .

ldl>t cEof;

1. ;xL pQ/df uf]nf] -_ 3/] f nufpgx' f;] \ M

(i) tLg jif{df slt dlxgf xG' 5 <

(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 48

(ii) 730 lbgdf slt jif{ xG' 5 <

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

(iii) 3 lbgdf slt 306f x'G5 <

(a) 24 306f (b) 36 306f (c) 48 306f (d) 72 306f

(iv) 5 ldg6] 12 ;s] ]G8df slt ;s] G] 8 xG' 5 <

(a) 312 ;s] G] 8 (b) 512 ;]sG] 8

(c) 300 ;s] ]G8 (d) 600 ;s] G] 8

(v) 1 cf6] f snfdsf] ?= 10 k5{ eg] 8 cf6] f sndsf] slt knf{ <

(a) ?= 8 (b) ?= 10 (c) ?= 18 (d) ?= 80

(vi) 1 ld6/df slt ;]lG6ld6/ xG' 5 <

(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 1000 (d) 10000

(vii) lstfasf] nDafO{ gfKg s'g PsfOsf] k|of]u ug{' l7s xG' 5 <

(a) ;]lG6ld6/ (b) ld6/

(c) lsnfl] d6/ (d) ldlnld6/

158 ul0ft, sIff $

(viii) 1 ln6/df slt ldlnln6/ xG' 5 <

(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 1000 (d) 10000

(ix) 200 ln6/ 50 ldlnln6/df 180 ln6/ 980 ldlnln6/ hf]8b\ f slt xG' 5 <

(a) 380 ln6/ 30 ldlnln6/ (b) 380 ln6/ 1030 ldlnln6/

(c) 381 ln6/ 30 ldlnln6/ (d) 381 ln6/ 300 ldlnln6/

(x) 2 lSjG6ndf slt lsnf]u|fd x'G5 <

(a) 20 (b) 200 (c) 2000 (d) 20,000

(xi) 5 lsnf]u|fddf slt uf| d x'G5 <

(a) 50 (b) 500 (c) 5000 (d) 50,000

(xii) lbOPsf] lrqsf] kl/ldlt slt xG' 5 <

(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 28

(xiii) lbOPsf] lrqsf] If]qkmn slt x'G5 <

(a) 3 (b) 21 (c) 7 (d) 20

2. vfnL 7fpFdf plrt zAb n]Vg'xf;] \ M 159

(i) 1 jif{df lbg x'G5 .

(ii) 2 306fdf ldg]6 xG' 5 .

(iii) 5 ?lkofF eg]sf] k};f xf] .

ul0ft, sIff $

(iv) 3 ld6/df ;]lG6ld6/ x'G5 .

(v) 2000 ld6/ eg]sf] lsnfl] d6/ xf] .

(vi) 50 ln6/df ldlnln6/ xG' 5 .
(vii) 3 ls=uf| =df uf| d xG' 5 .

3. ¿kfGt/0f ug{'xf;] \ M
(i) 5 jif{ 3 dlxgfnfO{ dlxgfdf
(ii) 4 306f 45 ldg6] nfO{ ldg6] df
(iii) 140 306fnfO{ lbg / 306fdf
(iv) 25100 ld6/nfO{ lsnf]ld6/df kl/jtg{ ug'{xf;] \ .
(v) 9 ln6/ 280 ldlnln6/nfO{ ldlnln6/df nV] gx' f;] \ .
(vi) 55 ls=u|f=df slt u|fd x'G5 .

4. Pp6f emfn] fdf ePsf tLgcf]6f lstfasf] tfn} 4 ls=u|f= 5 . olb bO' c{ f]6f
lstfasf] tf}n 1 ls=uf| = 200 uf| d eP afsF L Pp6f lstfasf] tf}n slt xfn] f <

5. Pp6f kfgLsf] aft] nsf] dN" o 15 ?lkofF 75 k;} f k5{ eg] To:t} 9 cf6] f aft] nsf]
dN" o slt knf,{ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

6. ;]ljsf / ;f]ljtsf] pd]/sf] ofu] kmn 20 jif{ 10 dlxgf 5 . ;]ljsfsf] clxns] f]
pd/] 8 jif{ 11 dlxgf 5 eg] ;fl] jtsf] pd]/ slt xfn] f <

7. ;u/dfyfsf] prfO 8848 ld6/ 86 ;]lG6ld6/ 5 eg] ;]lG6ld6/df ¿kfGt/0f ubf{
slt xf]nf <

8. k|km'Nxfn] ut jif{ cfˆgf] v]tdf pTkfbg ePsf] 15 lSjG6n 65 ls=u|f= wfg ar] ] .
o; jif{ pSt v]tdf pTkfbg ePsf] 11 lSjG6n 75 ls=u|f= wfg ar] ]5g\ .

(i) ut jif{ / o; jif{ slt slt ls=u|f= wfg a]r]sf /x]5g\ <
(ii) ut jife{ Gbf o; jif{ slt wfg sd a]r5] <
(iii) o; jif{ wfg sd aR] gs' f] sf/0f s] s] xg' ;S5 <

160 ul0ft, sIff $

9. Ps Kofs]6 rgfsf] tfn} 2 ls=u|f= 600 u|fd 5 eg] 5 Kofs6] rgfsf] tfn} slt
xf]nf <

10. 11 ln6/ 727 ldlnln6/df 20 ln6/ 840 ldlnln6/ yKbf slt ln6/
xfn] f, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

11. lzjn] ?= 100 lnP/ ahf/ uof] . p;n] 25 ?lkofF 50 k;} f kg{] snd, 30 ?lkofF
25 k};f kg]{ sfkL / 10 ?lkofF 50 k;} fdf b'Oc{ f]6f l;;fsnd lsGof] eg] pm;uF
slt ?lkofF / k;} f afFsL /xs] f] xfn] f, kQf nufpgx' f];\ .

12. 12 af]tn h;' sf] dN" o ?= 1806 k5{ eg] Ps af]tn h';sf] d"No slt k5{ xfn] f,
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

13. leGt'gfn] cfˆgf] ;fyL k|lznf lj/fdL ePsfn] ] 2 ls=u|f= cgf/ / 1 ln= h'; lnP/
e]6g\ uOg\ .

(i) cgf/ k|lt s]=hL= ?= 300 / h;' sf] ?= 180 k¥of] eg] pgsf] hDdf slt
?lkofF vr{ eP5 <

(ii) pgL;uF ?= 1000 lyof] eg] ca slt afFsL /xG5 <
(iii) olb lj/fdLnfO{ kl| tlbg 250 uf| d cgf/ vfg lbg'k5{ eg] pSt cgf/ slt

lbgnfO{ kU' 5 <
(iv) 2 xKtf;Dd nuftf/ ;fx] L dfqfdf cgf/ vfg lbg'k5{ eg] ca slt ls=uf| =

cgf/ rflxG5 <
(v) 1 k6sdf 125 ld=ln= dfq h;' lkpg lbgk' 5{ eg] ;f] h'; slt k6s lkpg

kU' 5 <
14. Pp6f 6s« df nl' DagL lrgL sf/vfgfaf6 140 lSjG6n lrgL sf7df8f‘} Nofof] .

(i) ;f] 6s« df slt ls=u|f= lrgL /x5] <
(ii) olb kl| taf]/f 50 ls=u|f= lrgL eP slt af]/f lrgL /x]5 <
(iii) olb k|ltaf]/f ?= 300 ef8f k5{ eg] slt ef8f ltg{k' 5{ <

15. x6] fF}8f l;dG] 6 sf/vfgfaf6 /;'jfdf Pp6f ejg agfpg 500 af]/f l;dG] 6 nfu]5,

(i) kl| taf]/f 50 ls=u|f= l;dG] 6 eP hDdf slt lSjG6n l;dG] 6 /x]5 <

ul0ft, sIff $ 161

(ii) kl| t lSjG6n ?= 500 ef8f eP hDdf slt ef8f nU5 <
(iii) olt kl| taf/] f ?= 825 sf b/n] l;d]G6 lsgs] f] eP sf/vfgfnfO{ slt /sd

lbgk' 5{ <
(iv) hDdf vr{ slt nfUof] < lgsfNgx' f];\ .
16. tnsf] lrq cjnfs] g ug'x{ f];\ / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

(a) (b)

(i) lrq (a) / (b) sf] If]qkmn slt slt 5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
(ii) lrq (a) / (b) sf] kl/ldlt slt slt 5, kQf nufpgx' f];\ .
(iii) kl/ldlt a/fa/ xFb' f klg Ifq] kmndf lsg km/s cfPsf] xf]nf <
(iv) lrq (a) sf] jus{ f]7fx¿ ko| fu] u/L If]qkmndf kl/ldlt km/s a/fa/ x'g] u/L

cfoft agfpg'xf];\ .
(v) ca aGg] cfoft / ;?' sf] cfotsf] kl/ldltdf slt km/s cfof,] kQf

nufpg'xf];\ .

162 ul0ft, sIff $

kf7 13 M lan / ah6] (Bill and Budget)

13.1 lan (Bill)

afafcfdf jf bfh' lblb;uF ahf/ hfg] ug'e{ Psf] xf]nf . k;naf6 ;fdfg lsGbf afafcfdf
jf bfh' lbbLn] k};f ltge{' Gbf klxn] k;n];Fu tn lbPsf] h:tf tflnsf ePsf] sfuh
lnPsf] bV] g'ePsf] 5 < sfuhdf n]vs] f ;a} ;fdfg cfof] ls cfPg eg/] emf]nf
cf]N6fOkN6fO hfFr]sf] klg kSs} b]Vg' ePsf] xfn] f . kT| os] ;fdfgsf] dN" o ldn] jf
gldns] f] hfFr/] hDdf olt ?lkofF ePsf] /x]5 eGb} yn} L jf vNtLaf6 k;} f lems]/
lbge' Psf] / sfuh cfk‘m} ;uF /fvs] f] klg bV] ge' Psf] xf]nf .

Kofg g=+ 103690222 hn s[lif kmd{ lan g=+ 00023
w'; lx6L
j|mt] f M Clif ;fksf6] f ldlt M 2078/06/01
j|m=;=+ ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= hDdf /sd -?=_
1. sfpnL
2. ufn] e8] f 5 kg 50 250
3. sfFjm| f] 2 kg 40 80
4. km;L{ 6 kg 35 210
5. l3/fn‘} f 3 kg 40 120
hDDff 4 kg 45 180

840

cIf/]lk cf7 ;o rfnL; ?lkofF dfq ;';g

e'nr's lng]lbg ] ljj|mt] f

;fdfg lsGbf k;nn] ] lbg] dfyLsf] h:tf] sfuhnfO{ ljn elgG5 . ;fdfg lsgL ;sk] l5
lan clgjfo{ ¿kdf lngk' 5{ .

ul0ft, sIff $ 163

uf]ª\ua' t/sf/L ahf/df t/sf/Lsf] d"No o;/L 6f;F ]/ /fvs] f] /x]5 .

?= 40 lj|mofsnfk 1
k|lt ls=u|f=
5nkmn u/f}F .
?= 60 (i) ;aeGbf ;:tf] t/sf/L s'g /x5] <
kl| t ls=u|f= (ii) ;aeGbf dxª\uf] t/sf/L sg' /x5] <
(iii) ?= 35 kl| t ls=uf| =df kfOg] t/sf/L sg'
?= 45
kl| t ls=u|f= /x5] <
(iv) ?= 100 ePsf] dfG5]n] tLg lsl;dsf
?= 35
kl| t ls=u|f= t/sf/L lsGg ;Snf <
(v) ?= 50 n] lsGg ;lsg] tLgcf]6f km/s
?= 50
kl| t ls=u|f= km/s t/sf/L s] s] /x]5g\ <
(vi) hg' ;s' } t/sf/L lsg] klg uf]ne8]‘ f
?= 70
k|lt ls=u|f= 56' fpg kfObF }g eg] ?= 100 leq lsGg
g;lsg] b'O{cf]6f t/sf/L s] s] xg' \ <

lannfO{ ae' mfF} .

/d]z bp] hfn] ufª] u\ a' t/sf/L ahf/af6 lgDg t/sf/L lsGbf t/sf/L k;nn] lbPsf]

lan bfoflF t/ b]vfOPsf] 5 .

Kofg g=+ 103690333 lan g=+ 01123

uf]ªu\ a' t/sf/L k;n

uf+u] a,' sf7df8f}F .

jm| t] fM /dz] bp] hf ldltM 2077/05/07

j|m=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= dN" o ?=

1. sfpnL 2 kg 60 120
2. uf]ne]8‘ f 1 kg 50 50
3. km;L{ 1 kg 70 70
240
hDdf

cIf/k] L M b'O{ ;o rfln; ?lkofF dfq /lxd

en' rs' lngl] bg ] ljj|m]tf

164 ul0ft, sIff $

ca lgDglnlvt k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbgx' f;] \ M
(i) /d]z bp] hfn] sg' k;ndf t/sf/L lsgs] f /x5] g\ <
(ii) k;n s'g 7fpFdf /x5] <
(iii) /d]z b]phfn] s] s] t/sf/L lsg]sf /x]5g\ <
(iv) hDdf lan slt ?lkofsF f] /x5] <
(v) /d]z bp] hfn] k;nn] fO{ ?= 300 lbP5g\ eg] slt /sd lkmtf{ kfP5g\ <
dflysf] 5nkmnsf cfwf/df
lan eGgfn] sg' } JolStn] sx] L ;fdfg lsg]kl5 kfpg] kh' f{ xf] h;df k;nsf] gfd,
lsg]sf] ldlt, lsg]sf] j:t' / d"No, lsGg] JolSt OToflb pNnv] u/s] f] x'G5 .

ljm| ofsnfk 2

lannfO{ ae' mfF} .
o"lhgfn] cfˆgf] hGdlbgsf] ef]hsf nflu lsGg'kg{] ;fdfgx?sf] ;r" L tof/ kfl/g\ .

lsGgk' g]{ ;fdfg

sfpnLM 6 kg cfnM' 5kg ufn] e8F] fM 2 kg lrgLM 2kg

d}bfM 3 kg rgfM 2kg rsn]6M 3 Kofs]6 tn] M 3l

sfpnLM ?= 50/kg dN" o ;r" L rfdn M ?= 80/kg
lrgLM ?= 80/kg cfnM' ?= 43/kg d}bf M ?= 50/kg
rgfM ?= 110/kg ufn] eF]8fM ?= 30/kg gg' M ?= 22/kg
rsn6] M ?= 150/Kofs]6 t]nM ?= 155/l

glhs}sf] h]:tfk/' ls/fgf k;ndf 6fF;s] f] dN" o ;r" Ldf tL ;fdfuL| sf] dN" o o;k|sf/
nv] ]sf] /x]5 .
dflysf] dN" o;"rLsf cfwf/df ;dx" df 5nkmn ug{'xf;] \ .
o'lhgfnfO{ 6 ls=u|f= sfpnL lsGg slt ?lkofF ltg'k{ 5{ <
To:t} 5 ls=u|f= cfn' lsGg slt ?lkofF ltgk{' 5{ <

ul0ft, sIff $ 165

2 kg uf]ne]8f / 2 ls=uf| = lrgL lsGg slt ?lkofF ltg'{ k5{ <
o'lhgfn] cfˆgf] ;dfgsf] ;r" Lcg;' f/ ;a} ;dfg lsgL;s]kl5 hDdf slt ?lkofF ltg{k' 5{ <

lj|mofsnfk 3

pSt k;naf6 ;fdfg lsg]kl5 ol' hgfnfO{ k;nn] ] lgDgfg;' f/sf] ljn lbof] .

kfg g=+ 103690364 lan g+= 00023

h]:tfk/' ls/fgf k;n

h:] tfk/' , nlntk'/

j|m]tf M o'lhgf ldlt M 2078/06/01

jm| =;+= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= /sd -?=_
1 sfpnL
2 cfn' 6 kg 50 300
3 ufn] eF8] f 5 kg 43 215
4 rgf 3 kg 30 90
5 lrgL 2 kg 110 220
6 db} f 2 kg 80 160
7 rsn]6 2 kg 50 100
8 tn] 150 450
3 Kofs]6 155 465
hDDff /sd 2000
3l

cIf/]lk b'O{ xhf/ ?lkofF dfq kmj" f{
en' rs' lng]lbg ] ljj|mt] f

;dx" df a;]/ dflysf] dN" o;r" Lsf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/L kQf nufPsf] kT| o]ssf] ltg'k{ g{]

dN" o / dflysf] lan x/] L k|Tos] sf] d"No Ps Ps bfFh/] x]g'x{ f];\ .

s] ;a} ldn]sf] 5 < hDdf /sd klg ldns] f] 5 <

ol' hgfn] 2 ls=uf| = ufn] e]8f yk lsGg] xf] eg] slt ?lkofF yKg' knf{, kQf nufpgx' f;] \ .

o'lhgfn] ;'?d} 5 ls=uf| = ufn] e]8f lsg]sf] eP s'g sg' 7fpdF f km/s k5{ <

166 ul0ft, sIff $

ljm| ofsnfk 4

dflysf] landf cfwfl/t /x/] lgDglnlvt k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf ;dx" df 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ M

landf s] s] pNnv] ePsf] xG' 5 <
ldltdf s] nV] g] xf]nf <
;fdfg lsGg] / aR] g]sf] gfd sxfF sxfF nl] vG5 <
lsg]sf] ;fdfgsf] dN" o s;/L lx;fa ul/G5 <
hDdf ltg{k' g]{ /sd s;/L lgsflnG5 <
k;nsf] gfd / 7u] fgf, j]|mtfsf] gfd, ldlt, ;fdfgsf] ljj/0f, kl/df0f, b/, /sd, hDdf
/sd e//] ljj|]mtfsf] gfd jf x:tfIf/ ;lxt k;n]n] lbg] o:tf] sfuhnfO{ lan elgG5 .

ol' hgfn] ;fdfg lsg]kl5 h:] tfk/' lsgf/f k;nn] lbPsf] dflysf] sfuh lan xf] .
ol' hgfn] ;fdfg ldlt 2078-6-1 df lsg]sL /lx5g\ . ol' hgfn] hDdf ?= 2000 lt/]sL
/lx5g\ . lansf] tflnsfdf pNnv] ul/Psf] ljj/0f eg]sf] lsgs] f] ;fdfgsf] gfd xf],
kl/df0f egs] f] lsgs] f] ;fdfgsf] dfqf -sltcf]6f jf slt lsnfu] |fd jf slt ln6/_ xf]
eg] b/ eg]sf] ;fdfgsf] PsfO dN" o xf] . h:t}M

Ps lsnfu] f| d rgfsf] dN" o ? 110 5 eg] 2 lsnfu] f| d rgfsf] ? 110 × 2 = ?= 220
xG' 5 . To:t} g} landf 3 ln6/ t]nsf] ?= 155 × 3 = ?= 365 eof] . lsgls Ps ln6/
tn] sf] dN" o d"No;r" Lcg;' f/ ?= 155 k5{ .
landf ko| f]u xg' ] zAbfjnLx¿
jm| ]tf – ;fdfg lsGg] dflg; jf u|fxs
ljj|m]tf – ;fdfg a]Rg] dflg; jf k;n]
ldlt – ;fdfg lsg]sf] lbg
ljj/0f – lsgs] f] ;fdfgsf] gfd
kl/df0f – lsg]sf] ;fdfgsf] hDdf tfn} jf ;ª\Vof jf dfqf
b/ – Pp6f j:t' jf Ps lsnfu] |fd jf Ps ln6/sf] dN" o -Ps PsfO dfgsf] dN" o_
hDdf /sd – lsg]sf] ;fdfgsf] dN" o
hDdf – ;a} ;fdfgsf] hDdf dN" o
cIf/k] L – cIf/df n]lvPsf] hDdf dN" o

ul0ft, sIff $ 167

pbfx/0f 1
tnsf] lannfO{ /fd|f;] uF k9]/ ;f]ws] f k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

kfg g= 1626204 n'lDagL hg/n :6f];{ lan g= 048
gjnk/f;L
jm| t] fM /flzsf l3ld/] ldltM 2077/05/10
jm| =;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= d"No ?=
1. rfdn
2. bfn 10 kg 75 750
3. s]/fp 2 kg 75 150
hDdf 1 kg 80 80

980

cIf/]kL M gf} ;o c;L ?lkofF dfq kf;fª
e'nr's lngl] bg ] ljjm| ]tf

(i) k;nsf] gfd s] xf] <
(ii) s;n] ;fdfg lsg]5 <
(iii) s] s] ;fdfg lsg]sf] /x]5 <
(iv) Ps lsnf] rfdnsf] d"No slt /x5] <
(v) slt lsnf] rfdn lsgs] f] /x5] <
(vi) hDdf lan slt ?lkofsF f] /x5] <
(vii) /flzsfn] k;n]nfO{ ?= 1000 lbPsL /lx5g\ eg] k;n]n] slt ?lkofF lkmtf{

lbgk' 5{, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

168 ul0ft, sIff $

pbfx/0f 2

hodftf :6];g/L kj{t s:' dfaf6 odgfy sf]O/fnfn] lbOPsf b/df lgDglnlvt j:t'x¿

lsGge' P5 .
1. ul0ft zAbsfz] ?= 490 sf b/n] 1 cf]6f

2. Hofldlt aS; ?= 290 sf b/n] 2 cf6] f

3. sfkLx¿ ?= 90 sf b/n] 7 cf6] f

4. Pp6f snd ?= 80 sf b/n] . ca odgfy sfO] /fnfn] kfpg] lan tnsf] gdg' fdf

e/]/ bv] fpg'xf];\ .

kfg g= 1626223 lan g= 095

hodftf :6];g/L

kj{t, s':df

j|mt] fM ldltM

j|m=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= dN" o ?=

1.

2.

3.

4.

hDdf

cIf/k] L M
e'nrs' lng] lbg]
ljjm| ]tf

oL u0fgfcg';f/ lbPsf] d"Nosf] u0fgf
landf ebf{ ul0ft zAbsf]if ?= 490 × 1 = ?= 490
Hofldlt aS; ?= 290 × 2 = ?= 580
ul0ft, sIff $ sfkL ?= 90 × 7 = ?= 630
snd ?= 80 × 1 = ?= 80

169

kfg g= 1626223 hodftf :6;] g/L lan g= 095
jm| t] fM ofdgfy sf]O/fnf kjt{ , s:' df ldltM 2078/03/20

j|m=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= d"No ?=

1. ul0ft zAbsfz] 1 490 490
2 290
2. Hofldlt aS; 6 580
1 9
3. sfkL 80 630

4. snd 80
1780
hDdf

cIf/k] L M Ps xhf/ ;ft ;o c;L ?lkofF dfq t]h]Gb|
en' r's lng] lbg] ljj|mt] f

pbfx/0f 3

tn lbOPsf] dN" o;r" L, lsgs] f] kmnk"mnsf] ;r" L / lan cWoog u/L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx?sf]
pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .

d"No;"rL

:ofp M ?= 230/kg cgf/ M ?= 290/kg lsgs] f] kmnkmn" sf] ;r" L
;'Gtnf M ?= 80/kg cªu\ /' M ?= 200/kg :ofp M 6 kg ;G' tnfM 5 kg
d]jf M ?= 90/kg cfkF M ?= 130/kg d]jf M 2 kg cu+ '/ M 2 kg
s]/f M ?= 80/bh{g h'gf/ M ?= 110/kg h'gf/ M 3 kg s/] f M 3 bhg{

170 ul0ft, sIff $

kfg g= 2393263 ;nfx{ L kmnkmn" k;n lan g=+ 00013
;nfx{ L ldlt M 2078/06/05
jm| ]tf M cdgt'Nnfx cG;f/L

j|m=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= /sd -?=_

1. :ofp 7 kg 230 1610
90 180
2. d]jf 2 kg 80 400
200 400
3. ;G' tnf 5 kg 110 110
80 240
4. cªu\ '/ 2 kg 2940

5. h'gf/ 1 kg

6. s]/f 3 bhg{

hDDff

cIf/l] k M b'O{ xhf/ gf} ;o rfln; ?lkofF dfq

e'nrs' lng] lbg ] k"hf zfxL
ljjm| t] f

kZ| gM

!= lsg]sf] kmnkm" nsf] ;r" Ldf ePsfe] Gbf s'g kmnk"mn landf a9L n]vs] f] /x5] <
@= kmnkm" nsf] ;r" Ldf ePsf] eGbf s'g kmnk"mn landf sd n]v]sf] /x5] <

#= landf c? klg gldn]sf] 5 ls <

dflysf] landf ePsf] uNtLnfO{ ;RofP/ k;n]n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] tn lbOPsf] 5 .
o;s} f cfwf/df tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .

ul0ft, sIff $ 171

kfg g= 2393263 ;nfx{ L kmnkmn" k;n lan g=+ 00014
;nfx{ L ldlt M 2078/06/05
j|mt] f M cdgtN' nfx cG;f/L

jm| =;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= /sd -?=_

1. :ofp 6 kg 230 1380
90 180
2. dj] f 2 kg 80 400
200 400
3. ;G' tnf 5 kg 110 330
80 240
4. cª\u'/ 2 kg 2930

5. hg' f/ 3 kg

6. s]/f 3 bhg{

hDDff

cIf/]lk M bO' xhf/ gf} ;o tL; ?lkofF dfq .

en' rs' lng] lbg ] k"hf zfxL
ljjm| ]tf

$= cdgt'Nnfx cG;f/Ln] lsgs] f] kmnk"mnsf] ;r" Lcg';f/ hDdf slt ltgk{' g{] /x]5 <

%= cdgtN' nfx cG;f/Ln] lan gDa/ 00013 cg;' f/ k'/} /sd ltl/;s]sf] eP ca
p;n] slt /sd lkmtf{ kfp5F jf yKg'kg{] x'G5 <

;dfwfgM

!= :ofpsf] tfn} a9L nv] ]sf] /x5] .
@= hg' f/sf] tf}n sd n]v]sf] /x]5 .
#= landf c? ;a} ldns] f] 5 .
$= hDdf ?= 2930 ltg{'k5{ .
%= ?= 10 lkmtf{ kfp5F .

172 ul0ft, sIff $

cEof;

1. tnsf lanx¿ /fd|f;] uF k9]/ ;fw] ]sf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

(A) dr] L hg/n :6f]/sf] lan

kfg g= 2593263 lan g+= 003

dr] L hg/n :6f]/

emfkf

jm| ]tfM k]l| dsf pk]|tL ldltM 077/03/15

jm| =;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= dN" o ?=
1. dG;n' L rfdn
2. df;L{ rfdn 10 kg 65 650
3. d;' /' f] bfn 5 kg 120 600
4. df;sf] bfn 2 kg 100 200
1 kg 120 120
hDdf 1570

cIf/]lk M Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o ;Q/L ?lkofF dfq ljjm| ]tf
e'nr's lng] lbg]

k|Zgx¿

(i) k;nsf] gfd s] /x5] <
(ii) lsGg] dfG5s] f] gfd s] /x]5 <
(iii) slt tfl/vdf sf/f]af/ eP5 <
(iv) df;L{ / dG;n' L rfdndWo] s'g rfdnsf] dN' o sltn] a9L /x]5 <
(v) hDdf dN" o slt /x5] <
(vi) k|]ldsf pk]|tLn] ?= 2000 k;n]nfO{ lbPsfdf k;nn] ] slt lkmtf{ u/]5 <

ul0ft, sIff $ 173

(B) 8f]6L k':ts k;nsf] lan 8f6] L k:' ts k;n lan g+= 011
kfg g= 2593257 ldltM 078/03/15
8f]6L
jm| ]tfM ?k]z e6\6

j|m=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= d"No ?=
1. cªu\ ]|hL
2. ul0ft hDdf 2 300 600
3. gk] fnL 1 270 270
3 280 840
1710

cIf/l] k M Ps xhf/ ;ft ;o bz ?lkofF dfq ljj|m]tf
en' rs' lng] lbg ]

(i) k;nsf] gfd s] /x5] <
(ii) lsGg] dfG5s] f] gfd s] /x5] <
(iii) sg' ldltdf sf/fa] f/ ePsf] /x]5 <
(iv) ul0ft / cª\u]|hLdWo] s'g k:' tssf] dN" o sltn] a9L /x5] <
(v) hDdf d'No slt /x5] <
(vi) ?k]z e66\ n] ?= 3000 k;nn] fO{ lbP5g\ eg] pgn] slt ?lkofF lkmtf{ kfP5g\ <

174 ul0ft, sIff $

(C) gf/fo0fL cfi} fwL k;nn] lbPsf] tnsf] lan /fdf| ;] Fu k9g\ x' f;] \ M

kfg g= 2343257 lan g+= 024

gf/fo0fL cfi} fwL k;n

e/tk/' , lrtjg

jm| ]tfM ?lksf yf? ldltM 2078/02/15

jm| =;= ljj/0f kl/df0f b/ ?= dN" o ?=
hDdf
1. Paracetamol 3 20 60
2. Amoxycillin 5 85 425
3. B-complex 1 12 30
515

cIf/]lk kfrF ;o kGw| ?lkofF dfq ljjm| ]tf
e'nr's lng] lbg ]

(i) k;nsf] gfd s] /x5] <
(ii) lsGg] dfG5s] f] gfd s] /x5] <
(iii) hDdf lan slt k;} fsf] /x]5 <
(iv) ?lksfn] ?= 500 k;n]nfO{ lbbF f ca slt yKg'knf{ <
(v) of] landf sxfF uNtL ePsf] 5 <
(vi) uNtL ePsfnfO{ ;RofP/ landf n]Vgx' f];\ .
(vii) uNtL ;RofPkl5 e'nrs' lng]lbg] eGg] ;t{cg';f/ cfi} fwL k;nn] slt lkmtf{

u/5] <

ul0ft, sIff $ 175

(D) lbOPsf] kmnkm" nsf] d"No ;r" Lcg;' f/ tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M
cGj]if kmnkmn" k;ndf kmnkm" nsf] d"No ;"rL

?= 240 k|lt ls=uf| = -s_ k|lt ls=u|f= cgf/sf]
?= 340 k|lt ls=uf| = d"No slt /x]5 < 5
ls=u|f= cgf/sf] d"No
slt knf{ <

-v_ kl| t ls=u|f= :ofpsf] d"No
slt /x]5 < cgf/eGbf
:ofpsf] d"No slt a9L
/x]5 <

-u_ ;G' tnfsf] dN" o

?= 180 kl| t ls=u|f= k|ltls=u|f= slt /x5] <

5 ls=u|f= ;G' tnfsf] slt

knf{ <

?= 120 kl| t bhg{ -3_ Ps bhg{ s/] fsf] d"No
slt /x]5 < ?= 600 df
slt bhg{ s/] f lsGg
;lsPnf <

?= 150 kl| t ls=u|f= -ª_ Ps ls=uf| = cfkF sf] dN" o
slt /x]5 < ?= 700 df
slt ls=uf| = cfFk lsGg
;lsPnf <

176 ul0ft, sIff $

2. tn lbOPsf lansf] cWoog u/L lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ .

kfg g= 2348477 lan g+= 032

vltj8f ls/fgf k;n
e/tk'/, lrtjg

jm| ]tfM cldt hozjfn ldltM 2078/05/01

jm| =;+= ;fdfgsf] gfd kl/df0f b/ ?= hDdf /sd
! sfpnL
@ cfn' 6 kg 50 300
# ufn] e8] f 5 kg 43 215
$ rgf 3 kg 30 90
% lrgL 2 kg 110 220
^ d}bf 2 kg 80 160
& rsn6] 2 kg 50 100
* t]n 150 450
3 Kofs6] 150 75

1
2l

hDDff 1610

cIf/]lk M Ps xhf/ 5 ;o bz ?lkofF dfq sfhL zk] f{

e'nrs' lng] lbg ] ljjm| ]tf

-s_ ;fdfg s'g ldltdf lsg]sf] /x5] <
-v_ sfpnL hDdf slt ?lkofFsf] lsgs] f] /x5] <
-u_ sfpnL / rsn6] sf] hDdf dN" odf s'g sltn] al9 5 <
-3_ ;a}eGbf w/] } /sd sg' ;fdfg lsGbf nfus] f] /x]5 <
-ª_ hDdf slt ?lkofFsf] ;fdfg lsg]sf] /x5] <
-r_ j|m]tf / ljjm| t] fsf] gfd s] s] /x5] <
-5_ cldtn] d}bf 4 Kg lsg]sf] eP slt ?lkofF a9L lbgk' 5{ <

ul0ft, sIff $ 177

2. Zofd rfw} /L / nfSkf tfdfªn] lg/f}nf kmnkm" n k;naf6 c;f/ # ut]sf lbg

lgDgcg';f/ kmnkm"n lsg]5g\ M

!= Zofd rfw} /L @= nfSkf tfdfª

;G' tnf – ?= 220 sf b/n] 2 ls=uf| = :ofp – ?= 270 sf b/n] 1 ls=uf| =

s]/f – ?= 140 sf b/n] 3 bh{g s/] f – ?= 140 sf b/n] 2 bhg{

cfkF – ?= 180 sf b/n] 2 ls=u|f= cgf/ – ?= 290 sf b/n] 3 ls=u|f=

(i) kT| os] JolStn] kfpg] lan tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .

(ii) s;n] a9L lt/5] < kQf nufpgx' f;] \ .

kl/of]hgf sfo{ (Project work)

3/df bl} gsh;f] lsGg] j:tx' ¿sf] lan ;ª\sng u/L Ps xKtfdf sg' j:t'sf] dN" odf
(i) slt jl[ 4 eof] <
(ii) slt lu/fj6 eof] <
(iii) l:y/ /xo\ f] <
Pp6f kl| tj]bg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .

178 ul0ft, sIff $

13.2 ah6] (Budget)

tn lbOPsf] 36gfnfO{ cWoog ug{'xf];\ M

;Togf/fo0f nlntk/' sf] emlD;v]ndf a:gx' 'G5 . pxfFn] 3/sf] eO' { tNnf ef8fdf
nufpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfsf] 3/ glhs}sf] rfs] df Uof;F / kfgLsf] k;n 5 . pSt k;nnfO{
;Togf/fo0fsf 5f/] fn] ;~rfng ul//fvs] f 5g\ . pxfFsL 5f]/L clxn] gl;ª{ \ cWoog ub{}
l5g\ . pxfsF f] 3/df dfl;s cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ljj/0f kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ /fv]/
;g' fpg] lgod h:t} ags] f] 5 . Ps lbg kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿nfO{ /fv]/ 3/sf] @)&*
;fnsf] dªl\ ;/ dlxgfsf] dfl;s cfDbfgL / vrs{ f] ljj/0f ;g' fpg'eof] .

-s_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] dfl;s tna = ?= 37000
-v_ pgsL >LdtLsf] dfl;s tna = ?= 30500
-u_ Ps tNnf 3/ ef8fdf nufPafkt = ?= 15000
-3_ Uof;F / kfgL k;naf6 dfl;s = ?= 49000 kmfObf xG' 5 .
-ª_ vfgfsf] nfuL = ?= 35000
-r_ nu' f sk8fsf nfuL = ?= 9000
-5_ lahn' L, OG6/g]6 kfgL k]6f« n] sf] nflu = ?= 11500
-h_ lzIffsf nflu = ?= 18500
-em_ UofF; / kfgL k;nsf] ef8f afkt = ?= 20000
-`_ dª\l;/ dlxgfsf] art = ?= 37500
dflysf] ;r" gfsf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
-s_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] dfl;s tna slt /x]5 <
-v_ pgsL >LdtLsf] dfl;s tna pgsf] eGbf sltn] sd /x]5 <
-u_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] 3/sf] cfDbfgLsf ;f| ]t s] s] /x5] g\ <
-3_ UofF; / kfgL k;naf6 dfl;s vr{ s6fP/ slt ?lkofF cfDbfgL x'G5 <
-ª_ vfgf, n'uf÷sk8f / lzIffdf u/L hDdf slt ?lkofF dfl;s vr{ xG' 5 <
-r_ pgsf] 3/af6 kfpg] ef8f eGbf UofF; / kfgL k;nsf] ef8f sltn] a9L 5 <
-5_ pgsf] 3/sf] dªl\ ;/ dlxgfdf cfDbfgL / vr{ slt slt ePsf] /x]5 <

ul0ft, sIff $ 179

lj|mofsnfk 1
;Togf/fo0fsf 5f]/Ln] afan' ] ;'gfPsf] dªl\ ;/ dlxgfdf cfDbfgL / vr{ ljj/0fsf
cfwf/df k;' dlxgfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ul/g\ .

;Togf/fo0fsf] kl/jf/sf] k;' dlxgfsf] dfl;s ah6] ljj/0f

cfDbfgL vr{

;|ft] /sd -?=_ zLif{s /sd -?=_
tnaaf6
3/ ef8faf6 69,700 vfgf 36,500
11,000
17,000 n'uf sk8f 20,500
10,500
k;naf6 58,500 lzIff 22,000
lahn' L OG6/g6] , kfgL k]6«f]n
?=100,500
k;nsf] ef8f

hDdf ?= 145,200

dflysf] ah]6 tflnsfsf] cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

-s_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] kl/jf/df k;' dlxgfdf tnaaf6 slt cfDbfgL xg' ] /x5] <
-v_ dfl;s tnadf sltn] a9f]Q/L ePsf /x]5 <
-u_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] 3/sf] cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t s] s] /x]5g\ <
-3_ lah'nL OG6/g6] kfgL / k]6f« n] df k;' dlxgfdf slt vr{ xg' ] /x5] < dªl\ ;/

dlxgfdf eGbf k'; dlxgfdf slt /sd sd jf a9L vr{ xg' ] cgd' fg /x]sf] 5 <
-ª_ vfgf, nu' f sk8f / lzIffdf u/L k'; dlxgfdf hDdf slt ?lkofF dfl;s vr{

x'G5 <
-r_ pgsf] 3/af6 kfpg] ef8f / UofF; kfgL k;nsf] ef8fdf slt km/s 5 <
-5_ pgsf] 3/sf] k;' dlxgfdf cfDbfgL / vr{ slt slt ePsf] /x5] <
-h_ pgsf] k'; dlxgfdf slt ?lkofF art xg' ] cgd' fg 5 <

lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu cgd' flgt cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ljj/0fnfO{ g} ah]6 elgG5 .

180 ul0ft, sIff $

lj|mofsnfk 2

u'/lht sf/} sf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s ah]6 tn tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 . cWoog ugx{' f];\ .

u'/lht sf}/sf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s ah]6

cfDbfgL /sd -?=_ vr{ /sd -?=_

;f| ]t 15,000 zLif{s 8,000
gfs] /Laf6 5,000 vfB ;fdu|L 6,000
t/sf/L ar] /] 2,000 n'ufkmf6f 8,000
s'v'/f ar] /] 6,000 lzIff 6,000
b'w a]r/] 9,000 sl[ if ;fdfuL| 5000
v;Lafv|f a]r]/ cGo

hDdf ?=37,000 ?= 33,000

dflysf] ah6] sf] cWoog ubf{ u/' lht sf}/sf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s cfDbfgL hDdf ?=
37,000 5 eg] dfl;s vr{ hDdf ?= 33,000 5 . t;y{, pgsf] cfDbfgLn] ;Dk"0f{ vr{
wfg/] klg s]lx /sd afFsL /xs] f] 5 . o;nfO{ art elgG5 .

art /sd = cfDbfgL - vr{

oxfF u/' lht sf/} sf] art /sd = ?=37,000 - ?= 33,000 = ?= 4,000

olb hDdf cfDbfgL /sdeGbf hDdf vr{ /sd a9L ePsf] eP s] x'GYof] xfn] f < ;dx" df
5nkmn u/L n]Vg'xf;] \ .

dflg;n] 3/ Jojxf/nfO{ Jojl:yt tj/n] ;~rfngsf nflu cfDbfgL / vr{sf] cg'dfg
u/L 3/fo;L ah6] lgdf{0f u5{g\ . ah6] agfpFbf cfDbfgLsf cfwf/df vr{ ul/G5 eg]
csf]l{ t/ vr{ a9L x'g] eof] eg] cfDbfgLsf] ;|ft] vf]lhG5 . ;|ft] sf] ;'lgZrttf gxF'bf
cfDbfgL eGbf vr{ a9L eof] eg] kl/jf/df C0fsf] af]em a9\b} hfG5 . vre{ Gbf a9L
cfDbfgL xF'bf kl/jf/df art xG' 5 . o;/L art ePsf] /sdn] c? sg' } /fd|f] sfddf
nufgL ug{ ;lsG5 . cfDbfgL cg';f/ vr{ ug{ / clt cfjZos sfdsf nflu vr{
;'/lIft ugs{ f nflu ah]6 agfpg] ul/G5 .

ul0ft, sIff $ 181

sg' } klg sfd ug{' kj" { ;Lldt cfDbfgLnfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ljleGg zLif{sdf vr{
ug{sf nflu agfpg] ofh] gf g} ah]6 xf] . ah]6 egs] f] cfDbfgL / vrs{ f] ljj/0f xf] .

lj|mofsnfk 3

afnljgf]b dfWolds ljBfnon] @)&* ;fndf sIff 4 df cWoog ug{] ljBfyLx{ ?nfO{
Ps lbg] zl} Ifs ed| 0f n}hfg] lgwf] u/5] . lzIfs / ljBfyL{ u/L hDdf lt; hgf z}lIfs
e|d0f hfg tof/ eP . pSt sfos{ f nflu lzIfs / ljBfyL{ kT| o]s;uF ?= 500 b/n]
p7fOPsf] 5 . bp] ;L en} f] sfoj{ m| daf6 ?= 12000 ;ªs\ ng ul/Psf] 5 . z}lIfs
ed| 0fdf laxfg gf:tf, vfgf / vfhfsf nflu Sof6]l/ªn] Ps hgfsf] ? 700 sf b/n]
lnG5 eg] a;ef8f afkt ?= 15000 ltg'{k5{ .
o;}df cfwfl/t /x/] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L zl} Ifs ed| 0fsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] cgd' flgt
ah]6sf] lgDglnlvt tflnsf eg{x' f;] \ / sIff sf7] fdf k|:t't ugx{' f;] \ M

cfDbfgL vr{ /sd -?=_

;|f]t /sd -?=_ zLif{s .............
ljBfyL{x?af6 hDdf p7]sf ............. a; ef8f .............
bp] ;L e}nfaf6 p7s] f] ............. lrofgf:tf vfhf Sof6]l/ª
ljBfno kz| f;gaf6 kfPsf] ?=========
hDdf .............

?==========

gku' ]sf] /sd ljBfno kz| f;gn] z}lIfs ed| 0f vr{ zLifs{ af6 lbg] lg0fo{ ubf{ slt
?lkofF lbg'k5{ <

182 ul0ft, sIff $

pbfx/0f 1

lbOPsf] ah6] tflnsf ;d"xdf cWoog ug{'xf];\ / tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf af/d] f 5nkmn
ugx{' f;] \ .

hf]gsf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s ah]6

cfDbfgL vr{

;|f]t /sd -?=_ zLif{s /sd -?=_
aa' fsf] tna
50,000 vfB ;fduL| 20,000
sf7] f ef8faf6 10,000
10,000 n'ufkmf6f 15,000
6o\ fS;Laf6 20,000
30,000 lzIff 10,000

8«fOe/nfO{ tna

cGo

hDdf ?= 90,000 ?= 75,000

-s_ hf]gsf] kl/jf/df cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t s] s] /x]5<
-v_ ;ae} Gbf al9 cfDbfgL s]af6 xb' f] /x5] <
-u_ hf]gsf] 3/ ufpFdf xf]nf ls zx/df < cgd' fg ug{ ;lsG5 < lsg<
-3_ hfg] sf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s cfDbfdL hDdf slt 5<
-ª_ hf]gsf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s art hDdf slt 5<
;dfwfg
-s_ hf]gsf] kl/jf/df cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t a'afsf] tna sf7] f ef8f / 6o\ fS;L xg' \ .
-v_ ;ae} Gbf al9 cfDbfgL 6\ofS;Laf6 x'g] /x5] .
-u_ lzIfs / ;fyL;Fu 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ .
-3_ hf]gsf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s cfDbfdL ?= 90,000 5 .
-ª_ hf]gsf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s art ?= 90,000 – ?= 75,000 = ?= 15,000 x'G5 .

ul0ft, sIff $ 183

pbfx/0f 2

cfo'iff lrof k;nsf] ah6] tn lbOPsf] 5 . o;s} f cfwf/df tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf]
pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

cfoi' ff lrof k;nsf] dfl;s ah]6

cfDbfgL vr{

;f| ]t /sd -?=_ zLif{s /sd -?=_
lrof lajm| Laf6
ss] laj|mLaf6 30,000 lrofkQL vl/b 2,000

hDdf 40,000 bw' vl/b 5,000

lrgL vl/b 2,000

ss] vl/b 30,000

k]k/ Unf; vl/b 2000

?= 70,000 ?= 41,000

-s_ cfo'iff lrof k;nsf] cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t s] s] /x]5 <
-v_ ;a}eGbf a9L cfDbfgL s]af6 x'Fbf] /x]5 <
-u_ s]s a]r]/ dlxgfdf slt kmfObf ubL{ /lx5g\ <
-3_ cfoi' ff lrof k;nsf] vr{sf zLifs{ s] s] xg' <
-ª_ ;a}eGbf a9L vr{ s] df ubL{ /lx5g\ <
-r_ cfoi' ffn] dlxgfdf slt art ubL{ /lx5g\ <
;dfwfgM
-s_ cfoi' ff lrof k;nsf] cfDbfgLsf lrof / s]s lajm| L /x5] .
-v_ ;ae} Gbf a9L s]s lajm| Laf6 xG' 5 .
-u_ s]s ar] /] dlxgfdf ?= 40000 – ?= 30000 = ?= 10000 kmfObf ubL{ /lx5g\ .
-3_ cfoi' ff lrof k;nsf] vrs{ f zLif{s lrofkQL, b'w, lrgL, ss] / kk] / Unf; vl/b

xg' \ .
-ª_ ;ae} Gbf a9L vr{ ss] vl/bdf ulb{/lx5g\ .
-r_ cfo'iffn] dlxgfdf ?= 70000 - ?= 41000 = ?= 29000 art ubL{ /lx5g\.

184 ul0ft, sIff $

cEof;

1. ;fdb' flos art ;:+ yfn] jgef]hsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . h;sf] ah]6 lgDgfg;' f/
5, ah]6 x/] L tnsf kZ| gsf pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
;fd'bflos art ;+:yfsf] jgef]hsf] ah]6

cfDbfgL vr{
;f| t]
;xefuLx¿af6 ;ªslnt /sd -?=_ zLif{s /sd -?=_
/sd ?= 40000.–
;+:yfaf6 ?= 40000.– vfgfdf ?= 8000.–
?= 2500.–
hDdf oftfoft ?= 5000.–
?= 4000.–
?= 25000.– Do'lhs l;:6d ?= 5500.–
?= 65000.–
sf]N8 l8ǻ\;

k/' :sf/

cGo

?= 65000.–

-s_ jgef]hsf nflu slt /sd ;ª\sng ePsf] /x]5 <
-v_ jgef]hdf cfDbfgLsf zLifs{ s] s] /x]5g\ <
-u_ jgefh] df hDdf slt vr{ eP5 <
-3_ jgefh] df ;a}eGbf a9L vr{ sg' zLif{sdf ePsf] /x5] <
-ª_ jgef]hsf] cfDbfgL / vr{sf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <

2. /fds' f] kl/jf/sf] ah]6 lgDgfg;' f/ 5 . ah6] x/] L tnsf kZ| gsf pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M

/fds' f] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s ah]6

cfDbfgL vr{

;|ft] /sd -¿_ zLifs{ /sd -¿_

t/sf/L las|L ?= 10,000 vfgf ?= 8,000

vfBfGg laj|mL ?= 12,000 lzIff ?= 6,000

Hofnf dhb/' L ?= 10,000 a}ª\ssf] Aofh ?= 3,000

;~rf/ ?= 2,000

ljljw ?= 4,000

hDdf ?= 32,000 ?= 23,000

ul0ft, sIff $ 185

-s_ /fds' f] kl/jf/df cfDbfgL / vrd{ f sg' a9L 5 <
-v_ ;ae} Gbf a9L cfDbfgL s]af6 x'g] /x]5 <
-u_ ;ae} Gbf sd cfDbfgL s]af6 xg' ] /x]5 <
-3_ ;a}eGbf a9L vr{ sd] f xg' ] /x]5 <
-ª_ ;ae} Gbf sd vr{ s]df xg' ] /x5] <

3. 1fgLb]jLsf] kl/jf/df Ps dlxgfsf] cfDbfgL / vr{ lgDgcg';f/ /x5] M
-s_ cfDbfgLsf zLifs{ x?df gf]s/Laf6 ?= 40,000/-, sf]7fef8faf6 ?=
50,000/- / t/sf/L ar] lavgaf6 ?= 20,000/-

-v_ vr{sf zLif{sx?df vfB ;fdfu|L vl/bdf ?= 30,000/- , lzIffdf ?=
20,000/- :jf:Yodf ?= 20,000/- / cGodf ?= 20,000/- 1fgLb]jLsf]
kl/jf/sf] ah6] tnsf] tflnsf eg{x' f;] \ .

1fgLbj] Lsf] kl/jf/sf] dfl;s ah6] ljj/0f

cfDbfgL vr{ /sd -?=_
;|f]t /sd -?=_ zLif{s

hDdf

186 ul0ft, sIff $

4. lzjsf] kl/jf/n] cfufdL dlxgfsf] nflu tof/ kf/]sf] lgDglnlvt ah6] sf cfwf/
df tnsf kZ| gx?sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .M

lzjsf] kl/jf/sf] cfufdL dlxgfsf] ah6] ljj/0f

cfDbfgL vr{
;f| ]t
Hofnf dhb/' Laf6 /sd -?=_ zLifs{ /sd -?=_
c08f lajm| Laf6
s'v/' f lajm| Laf6 30,000 vfB ;fdu|L 40,000

hDdf 20,000 n'ufkmf6f 15,000

60,000 lzIff 10,000
s'v/' fsf] bfgf vl/b
40,000
rNnf vl/b
10,000
ljljw
5,000
?= 1,10,000
?= 1,10,000

-s_ lzjsf] kl/jf/sf] cfufdL dlxgfsf nflu cfDbfgLsf ;|ft] s] s] /x5] <

-v_ lzjsf] kl/jf/sf] cfufdL dlxgfdf ul/g] vrs{ f zLif{s s] s] x'g\ <

-u_ lzjsf] kl/jf/sf] cfufdL dlxgfsf] hDdf cfDbfgL slt /x5] < k/LIf0f u/]/ hDdf
ldn] gldns] f] olsg ug'{xf;] \ .

-3_ lzjsf] kl/jf/sf] cfufdL dlxgfsf] hDdf vr{ slt /x]5 < k/LIf0f u/]/ ldn]
gldns] f] olsg ug{'xf;] \ .

-ª_ ah6] df pNnv] eP cg;' f/ l;ldt cfDbfgL x›g] / vr{ klg zLifs{ df pNnv]
ePadfl] hd g} u¥of] eg] Tof] dlxgf s] slt art jf gk'u xg' ] /x]5 <

-r_ cfDbfgL / vr{ a/fa/ g} agfpgsf nflu lzjsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;e' mfa lbgk' ¥of] eg]
tkfOn{‘ ] sg' zLif{sdf vr{ s6ft} L ug{ ;'emfj lbg'xG' 5 < sf/0f;lxt nV] gx' f;] \ .

5. ljBfnosf] jflif{s ah6] df cfDbfgL / vr{sf zLifs{ s] s] /x5] < kw| fgfWofks;uF
;f]w]/ sfkLdf nV] gx' f];\ .

ul0ft, sIff $ 187

kl/of]hgf sfo{ (Project work)

1. cleefjs;Fu ;xofu] lnO{ lgDglnlvt s/' f kQf nufpg'xf;] \ M

-s_ tkfOs‘{ f] kl/jf/df cfDbfgLsf ;f| ]t s] s] xg' \ <

-v_ kT| o]s cfDbfgLsf zLif{sdf Ps dlxgfdf slt slt cfDbfgL x'G5 <

-u_ tkfOs{ f] kl/jf/df x'g] vrs{ f zLifs{ s] s] xg' \ <

-3_ tL zLifs{ df slt slt vr{ xG' 5 <

-ª_ k|fKt hfgsf/LnfO{ tnsf] ah6] tflnsfdf k:| tt' ugx{' f;] \ M

cfDbfgL vr{

;|ft] /sd -?=_ zLifs{ /sd -?=_

hDdf
2. cfˆgf] ljBfnosf] kw| fgfWofks e6] ]/ sg' } Ps ofh] gfsf] ah]6df plNnlvt

cfDbfgL / vr{sf zLifs{ l6k/] sfkLdf nV] gx' f;] \ .
3. sIff 5 sf ljBfyL{x?n] tof/ u/s] f] Pp6f agefh] sfoj{ m| dsf] ah]6 dfuL

lgDglnlvt cfwf/df k|ltjb] g tof/ u/L sIffsf]7fdf k|:tt' ug{'xf;] \ M
-s_ cfDbfgLsf ;f| ]t
-v_ vrs{ f zLifs{
-u_ ;a} eGbf a9L / sd cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t / vrs{ f zLif{s
-3_ s] vr{sf zLifs{ cg;' f/ 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd kof{Kt 5 <

188 ul0ft, sIff $

kf7 14 M :tDe lrq (Bar diagram)

lj|mofsnfk 1
sIffsf ljBfyL{sf] gfd -klxnf] gfd– First name_ df ePsf cIf/sf] ;ªV\ of hgfpg]
u/L Pp6f :tDe lrq tn lbOPsf] 5 M

Y ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] gfddf ePsf cIf/ ;ªV\ of ljj/0f

10

9

8

7

ljBfyL{ ; \ªVof 6

5

4

3

2

1

0 tLg rf/ kfFr 5 X

bO' {

gfdsf cIf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof

gfdsf cIf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof / ljBfyL{ ljj/0f

gfdsf cIf/x¿sf] ;ªV\ of bO' { tLg rf/ kfFr 5

ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof 1238 7
189
ul0ft, sIff $

ca lgDglnlvt kZ| gx¿sf] hjfkm lbgx' f;] \ M
(i) t];fl{] t/ nl] vPsf ;ª\Vofn] s]sf] ;ªs\ ]t u5{ <
(ii) 7f8fl] t/ nl] vPsf ;ª\Vofn] s]sf] ;ªs\ t] u5{ <
(iii) 2 cf]6f cIf/n] gfd agfpg] ljBfyL{ ;ªV\ of slt /x5] <
(iv) 3 cf]6f cIf/n] gfd agfpg] ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof slt /x]5 <
(v) 5 cf]6f cIf/n] gfd agfpg] ljBfyL{ ;ªV\ of slt 5 <
(vi) 5 cf6] f cIf/n] gfd agfpg] ljBfyL{ ;ªV\ of 3 cf6] f cIf/n] agfpg] ljBfyL{

;ªV\ ofeGbf sltn] a9L /x]5 <
(vii) ;aeGbf w]/} ljBfyL{sf] gfd slt cIf/n] ag]sf] /x5] <
(viii) :tDe lrqsf] tnlt/sf] tflnsf s]sf] xf] <
(ix) tflnsf / :tDe lrqn] lbg] ;Gbz] Pp6} xf] ls km/s km/s 5 <

dflysf] 5nkmnaf6 xfdL tnsf] lgisi{ fdf kU' g ;S5f‘} <
hfgsf/L jf ;"rgfx¿nfO{ cfotfsf/ :tDesf] nDafOn] hgfpg] u/L tof/ ul/Psf]
lrqnfO{ :tDe lrq elgG5 . a/fa/ rf}8fO ePsf] :tDesf] prfO÷nDafOn] hfgsf/Lsf]
cfjl[ Q -bfx] f]l/g] k6s_ sf] ;ªV\ of hgfpbF 5 .

190 ul0ft, sIff $

lj|mofsnfk 2

hgtf cfwf/et" ljBfnon] z}lIfs jif{ 2078 df sIff 1-5 df egf{ ePsf ljBfyL{x¿sf
cfwf/df tof/ kf/]sf] :tDe lrqsf] cjnfs] g u/L tnsf kZ| gsf] 5nkmn ugx{' f;] \ M

Y z}lIfs jif{ 2078 sf] ljBfyL{ ljj/0f

80

70

ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof60

50

40

30

20

10

0 X

sIff 1 sIff 2 sIff 3 sIff 4 sIff 5
ljBfnosf sIffx¿

(i) sIff 1 df slt hgf ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf /x5] g\ .
(ii) sIff 2 df hDdf slt ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf /x]5g\ <
(iii) sIff 3 df egf{ ePsf ljBfyLs{ f] ;ªV\ of slt /x]5 <
(iv) sIff 4 / 5 df u/L hDdf slt ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf /x5] g\ <
(v) hDdf slt hgf ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf /x5] g\ <
(vi) sIff 1 bl] v 5 ;Dd hDdf slt hgf ljBfyL{ ePsf /x5] g\ <
(vii) ;a}eGbf a9L / ;a}eGbf sd ljBfyL{ sg' s'g sIffdf /x5] g\ <
(viii) sIff 4 / sIff 3 dWo] s'g sIffsf a9L ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf /x]5g\ < ;f] ;ª\Vof

sltn] a9L 5 <

ul0ft, sIff $ 191

af/Daf/tf pbfx/0f 1
Pp6f nªu\ /' a'hf{ uf]6LnfO{ u'8fpbF f x'sd' , lr8L, O6F f, kfg, emG8L, a'hf{ b]vf k/]sf
cfwf/df agfOPsf] :tDe lrqsf] cjnf]sg u/L tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

Y nª\u/' a'hfs{ f] uf]6L u8' fpFbf cfPsf] kl/df0f

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0X

x'sd' lr8L O6f kfg emG8L ah' f{
uf6] Ldf ePsf] lrq

(i) ;ae} Gbf w]/} k6s sg' s'g lrq cfPsf] /x5] <
(ii) ;ae} Gbf sd k6s sg' lrq cfPsf] /x]5 <
(iii) x's'd slt k6s cfPsf] /x]5 <
(iv) hDdf slt k6s nª\u/' ah' f{sf] uf6] L p/flnPsf] /x5] <
(v) emG8L slt k6s cfPsf] /x5] <
(vi) sg' s'g lrq a/fa/ k6s cfPsf /x]5g\ <
(vii) 7 k6s cfpg] lrq sg' xf] <
;dfwfg
(i) ;ae} Gbf w/] } k6s O6f / emG8L cfPsf] /x5] .
(ii) ;ae} Gbf sd k6s lr8L cfPsf] /x]5
192 ul0ft, sIff $

(iii) x'sd' 7 k6s cfPsf] /x5] .
(iv) hDdf 40 k6s nªu\ '/ ah' fs{ f] uf6] L p/flnPsf] 5 .
(v) emG8L 8 k6s cfPsf] /x5] .
(vi) OF6f / emG8L, kfg / ah' f{ a/fa/ k6s cfPsf /x5] g\ .
(vii) 7 k6s cfpg] xs' d' xf] .

pbfx/0f 2

tn lbOPsf] :tDe lrqdf sIff 4 sf ljBfyL{n] dg k/fpg] kmnkm"nsf] ljj/0f lbOPsf]
5 . :tDe lrq /fdf| ;] Fu k9/] lgDglnlvt kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

Y ljBfyL{n] dg k/fpg] kmnk"mn ljj/0f

10

9

8

7

ljBfyL{ ; \ªVof 6

5

4

3

2

1

0 s]/f cfFk eO' sF 6x/ ;'Gtnf X
193
:ofp

kmnkm" nsf gfdx¿

(i) ;aeGbf a9L sg' kmnkmn" dg kbf]{ /x5] <
(ii) ;aeGbf sd sg' kmnkm"n dg kbf{] /x5] <

ul0ft, sIff $

(iii) s/] feGbf cfkF a9L dg k/fpg] ljBfyLx{ ¿ slt hgf a9L /x5] g\ <
(iv) eO' sF 6x/ dg k/fpgs] f] ;ª\Vof slt /x5] <
(v) sIffdf hDdf slt ljBfyL{ /x]5g\ <
;dfwfg
(i) ;aeGbf a9L cfFk dg kbf]{ /x]5 .
(ii) ;aeGbf sd ;G' tnf dg kbf]{ /x5] .
(iii) s/] feGbf cfFk a9L dg k/fpg] ljBfyLx{ ¿ 2 hgf a9L /x5] g\ .
(iv) e'OsF 6x/ dg k/fpg] 5 hgf /x]5g\ .
(v) sIffdf hDdf 28 hgf ljBfyL{ /x5] g\ .

cEof;

1. yfkfynLsf] 6f« lkms kf:] 6sf] 6f« lkmsn] laxfg & ah]b]lv &M#) ah] ;Ddsf ;jf/L
;fwg s] slt stf uP eg]/ ;ªs\ ng u/]sf] tYofªs\ sf] cfwf/df tof/ u/]sf]
:tDe lrqsf] cjnf]sg u/L tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

Y ;jf/L ;fwg ljj/0f

8

7

;jf/L ;fwg ; \ªVof 6

5

4

3

2

1

0 X
ul0ft, sIff $
k;| "lt ux[ sk' 08fn] lqk/' ]Zj/ l;+xb/af/
;jf/L ;fwg uPsf] lbzf

194