13桑

桑

Morus alba L.

桑树在中国已有三千年的栽培史，其叶可饲蚕，其皮可造纸，果实可食用，叶、枝、

果、根皮均可入药，因此桑树全身都是宝。

桑叶是蚕的粮食，用的是嫩桑叶，作药用用的是桑树的老叶，一般是在冬天采集，故又名

“冬桑叶、霜桑叶”。
功能主治
桑叶可疏散风热；清肺；明目。主风热感冒；风温初起，发热头痛，汗出恶风，咳嗽胸痛；
或肺燥干咳无痰；咽干口渴；风热及肝阳上扰；目赤肿痛。

药理作用
⒈抗菌作用
鲜桑叶煎剂体外实验，对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌和炭疸杆菌均有较
强的抗菌作用，对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌也有一定的抗菌作用。煎剂还
有杀钩端螺旋体的作用。 [4]
⒉降血糖作用
桑叶在脱皮固酮对四氧嘧啶引起的大鼠糖尿病；或肾上腺素、胰高血糖素、抗胰岛素血清引
起的小鼠高血糖症均有降血糖作用。脱皮固酮促进葡萄糖转变为糖原，但不改变正常动物的
血糖水平。有人认为桑叶中所含某些氨基酸能刺激胰岛素的分泌以降低血糖。 [4]
⒊其它作用
对鼠肠肌有抑制作用。对动情期子宫有兴奋作用。稀释液静脉注射可出现暂时的血压下降。
脱皮激素能促进细胞生长，刺激真皮细胞分裂，产生新生的表皮并促使昆虫脱皮。对人体能
促进蛋白质合成，排除体内胆固醇，降低血脂，桑叶乙醇提得的植物雌激素，喂饲小鼠可减
慢生长率。10%桑叶注射液，注射于兔股四头肌或滴入兔眼结膜内，均未发现有局部刺激作
用。豚鼠过敏性实验为阴性。对羊红血球未见溶血反应。桑菊饮能提高巨噬细胞吞噬指数，
使嗜酸性细胞增多。

Morus alba, known as white mulberry, is a fast-growing, small to medium-
sized mulberry tree which grows to 10–20 m tall.

Medicinal

The white mulberry has a long history of medicinal use in Chinese medicine,
almost all parts of the plant are used in one way or another.
Recent research has shown improvements in elephantiasis when treated with leaf
extract injections and in tetanus following oral doses of the sap mixed with sugar.
Extracts of the plant have been shown to have antibacterial and fungicidal activity。

The leaves are antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and
ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye
infections and nosebleeds. An injected extract of the leaves can be used in the
treatment of elephantiasis and purulent fistulae. The leaves are collected after the
first frosts of autumn and can be used fresh but are generally dried.

The stems are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral.
They are used in the treatment of rheumatic pains and spasms, especially of the
upper half of the body, high blood pressure. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve
toothache. The branches are harvested in late spring or early summer and are dried
for later use.

The fruit has a tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary
incontinence, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia due to anaemia, neurasthenia,
hypertension, diabetes, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the
elderly.

The root bark is antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive and
sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis,
oedema, hypertension and diabetes. The roots are harvested in the winter and dried
for later use.

The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms.